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Unit21HumanBiology
一、课前基础自查一分类记单词——省时高效Ⅰ.阅读单词知其意1.intervaln. 间隔;间歇2.enhancevt.增强;提高3.supremeadj.程度最大的,极度的4.pulsoryadj.强制性的,义务的5.controversialadj.有争议的6.contradictvt.与其他事物相矛盾7.interpretvt.翻译;解释8.impulsen.脉冲9.plicatedadj.复杂的10.ampleadj.充足的,充裕的11.storagen.储存12.acuteadj.严重的;剧烈的13.statisticsn.统计资料;统计数字14.adaptationn.变化;变种15.mournvi.vt.感到悲痛;表示哀悼16.prescriptionn.处方17.systematicadj.系统化的18.temporaryadj.临时的;短暂的19.terminaladj.致命的;晚期的20.minimumn.最低;最小
21.extensionn. 延期22.scepticaladj.怀疑的23.absurdadj.荒谬的;不合理的Ⅱ.重点单词写其形1.circulatevi. 循环2.digestvt.消化3.abusevt.滥用4.fundamentaladj.根本的;基础的5.seekvt.寻找6.submitvt.提交7.postponevt.延期,推迟,延迟8.identifyvt.确定;认出,识别9.symptomn.症状;征兆10.weeklyadj.每周一次的11.declinevi.下降12.firmn.商行,公司13.raten.比率14.deadlinen.截止日期,最后日期15.votevi.表决16.circumstancen.情形;情况Ⅲ.拓展单词通其变1.toleratevt.容忍→tolerantadj.宽容的;容忍的→tolerancen.容忍2.opposevt.反对→oppositeadj.相反的;反对的→oppositionn.相反→opposedadj.相反的,对立的3.privilegedadj.荣幸的→privilegen.特权;优惠,优待4.enquiryn.询问→enquirev.询问,调查5.prohibitvt.禁止→prohibitionn.禁止;禁令→prohibitiveadj.禁止的6.unitevt.联合;团结;统一→unionn.团结→unitedadj.团结的7.equipvt.使有准备→equipmentn.装备;设备8.fortunen.大笔钱财,巨款→fortunateadj.幸运的→fortunatelyadv.幸运地→unfortunateadj.不幸的→misfortunen.不幸9.concernn.担心;担忧→concernedadj.关心的,牵挂的;有关的→concerningprep.关于10.annualadj.每年的,一年一次的,年度的→annuallyadv.一年一次地,每年地,年度地[语境活用]1.Tomisoftenfortunate.LastyearhewenttoShanghaitotryhisfortune.Fortunatelyhemetandmarriedhisgirlfriendthere.fortune2.Iadmireyouforyourtolerance_becauseyoucantoleratethingswhichcantbetolerant.tolerate3.Ourparentsareconcernedaboutourhealthandfuture.AsfarasImconcerned_weshouldtalkwithourparentsandtellthemourconcerns.concern4.Asafamoussayinggoesunionisstrength.Ifunited_wecanovereallthedifficultiessoletsunitetogether.unite5.Weopposebuildingachemicalfactorynearourvillagewhichwillcausemuchairpollution.Luckilybecauseofouropposition_thefactorywontbebuilt.oppose6.Ourschooloffersgoodequipmentandyouwillbewellequippedwithknowledgeandskillsforyourfuturejob.equip7.Ifyouwanttojoinourclubtheresanannualmembershipfeeof$100andtheorganizationpublishesitslistofmemberannually.annual二练中记短语——记牢用活写准记牢语境活用选用左栏短语填空
1.in_vain 徒劳,白费力气2.at_random随便地,随意地3.at_all_costs不管多大代价,无论如何4.straight_away立刻,马上5.wipe_out彻底毁灭6.stop_sth._in_its_tracks终止;消灭7.rob_sb.of_sth.抢劫某人某物8.at_any_rate无论如何;至少9.get_down_to开始做10.bring_up教育;抚养;呕吐11.get_through通过考试;完成12.clear_up整理;解释;澄清13.put_off推迟;延期14.miss_out遗漏;遗忘;错过机会15.focus_on聚焦;集中;对准
1.Thepeoplefortheexperimentwerechosenpletelyat_random.2.Wemustat_all_costspreventthemfromfindingoutabouttheplan.3.Ihavetriedveryhardtofindoutasolutiontotheproblembutin_vain.4.At_any_rate_themedicalsupplieswillreachyouwithinaweek.5.Itsnotaneasytaskforyoutobring_upasmallchildonyourown.6.Hadtheboyworkedharderhewouldhavegot_throughtheexams.7.Theyhavedecidedtoput_offholdingthemeetingbecauseofthebadweather.8.ItstimethatIgot_down_tothinkingaboutmyfuture.9.Icantfocusmyattentiononstudywithsomuchnoiseoutside.三仿写明句式——以用为本教材原句句式解读句式仿写
1.Itispulsoryforwinnerstobetestedbutotherparticipantsareonlytestedatrandom.获胜者要强制性地进行检查,而其他参与者只是随机地检查“Itis+adj.+forsb.todo...”句型2017·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达你通晓中国文化是有必要的Its_necessary_for_you_to_haveagoodknowledgeofChineseculture.
2.TheOlympicspirit—thespiritofpetitionwhichemphasisestakingpartratherthanwinning—hasbeenviolatedbythedesiretosucceedatallcosts.人们不惜任何代价想要获胜的愿望违背了重在参与而不是获胜的奥林匹克精神ratherthan并列连词,表示“而不是”作为学生,我们应当通过努力学习而非考试作弊来取得好成绩Asstudentsweshouldtrytogetgoodresultsbystudyinghardrather_than_cheating_in_exams.
3.Havingkilledupto50millionpeoplein18monthswithatendencytostriketheyoungandfitratherthantheoldtheSpanishFluisbelievedtohavebeenthemostacuteepidemicinhistory.西班牙流感在18个月内使多达5千万人丧命,并且发病的倾向为年轻力壮的年轻人而不是老年人,它被认为是历史上最严重的流行性传染病“sb./sth.bebelievedto...”意为“某人或某物被认为……”他被认为是健在的好的作曲家之一He_is_believed_to_beoneofthebestlivingposers.
二、课堂重点深化1.postponevt.推迟,延期 [自主体验]单句语法填空
①Themilitarytrainingforthefreshmeninthenewtermwaspostponeduntil/tothenextSundaybecauseofthebadweather.
②Theheadmasterpostponedholdingholdthemeetinguntilallteachersarrivedatthemeetingroom. [系统归纳]postponedoingsth. 延缓/推迟做某事postponesth.until/to...把某事推迟到…… [重点强化]易错处处防
③Hedecidedtopostponetodeliveringthelectureowingtohisbadhealth.去掉第二个to佳句时时写
④2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达首先,你最好准时到达而不要推迟到达,因为在中国守时是礼貌的First_of_all_youd_better_arrive_on_time_instead_of_postponing_arriving_because_it_is_polite_to_be_punctual_in_China.2.opposevt.vi.反对;反抗 [自主体验]单句语法填空
①AllpeoplepresentareopposedtoworkingworkextrahoursonSunday.
②Weopposeusingusethisunusualtechniquetoclonehumans.
③Sheturnedandwalkedoffintheoppositeopposedirection.一句多译我反对修改这个方案,因为它是可行的
④Ioppose_correcting_the_planforitispracticable.oppose
⑤Iam_opposed_to_correcting_the_planforitispracticable.opposed
⑥Iobject_to_correcting_the_planforitispracticable.object
⑦Iam_against_correcting_the_planforitispracticable.against [系统归纳]1opposesb.sdoingsth. 反对某人做某事2opposedadj.相反的;对立的beopposedtodoingsth.反对做某事;与做某事对立oppositeadj.对立的,在……对面的prep.在……的对面 [重点强化]易错处处防
⑧IamopposedtogoshoppingonSundaysforitistoocrowded.go→going佳句时时写
⑨2015·浙江高考书面表达当我的想法与其他人的想法对立时,我选择尊重大多数人的意见When_my_idea_is_opposed_to_others_I_choose_to_respect_the_opinion_of_the_majority.[名师指津] oppose=objectto=beagainst“反对”;oppose后跟动词时要用动词ing形式beopposedto结构中,to是介词,其后也要用动词ing形式3.prohibitvt.禁止,阻止 [自主体验]单句语法填空
①TheenvironmentgroupisdemandingapleteprohibitionprohibitagainstsettingofffireworksintheSpringFestival.
②Hissmallsizeprohibitshisbeingbeeapoliceman.
③Thereisaprohibitionon/againsttobaccoadvertisinginnewspapersandmagazines.句型转换Somepeoplethinkthatitsnecessarytoprevent/stop/keeppeoplefromsmokinginpublicplaces.
④Somepeoplethinkthatitsnecessarytoprohibitpeoplessmokinginpublicplaces.
⑤Somepeoplethinkthatitsnecessarytoprohibitpeoplefromsmokinginpublicplaces. [系统归纳]1prohibitdoingsth. 禁止做某事禁止某人做某事2prohibitionn.禁止;禁令aprohibitionagainst/on...……的禁令 [重点强化]易错处处防
⑥Thesoldierswereprohibitedfromleavecampafterdark.leave→leaving佳句时时写
⑦2014·江苏高考书面表达事实上,中国人从来没有禁止从其他语言中提取词汇,比如日语中的“ganbu”或“minzhu”In_fact_Chinese_has_never_prohibited_taking_words_from_other_languages_for_example_“ganbu”_or_“minzhu”_from_Japanese.[联想发散] “禁止/阻止某人做某事”表达法荟萃
①discouragesb.fromdoingsth.
②bansb.fromdoingsth.
③preventsb.fromdoingsth.
④forbidsb.fromdoingsth.
⑤keepsb.fromdoingsth.
⑥stopsb.fromdoingsth.4.toleratevt.忍受,容忍 [自主体验]单句语法填空
①Asateacheryouneedtoshowtolerancetowardsyourstudentscarelessnessinstudy.
②Icouldnttoleratebeing_interruptedinterruptwhenIwaseditingmybook.
③Wemustlearntobetolerantofdifferentculturesespeciallywhenweliveinamulticulturalsociety.一句多译我不能容忍被嘲笑
④I_cant_tolerate_being_made_fun_of.tolerate
⑤I_cant_bear/stand_being_made_fun_of.bear/stand
⑥I_cant_put_up_with_being_made_fun_of.putupwith [系统归纳]1toleratedoingsth. 容忍/容许做某事2tolerantadj.容忍的;宽容的betolerantof对……宽容;容忍……3tolerancen.容忍showtolerancetowardssb.容忍某人 [重点强化]易错处处防
⑦Theschoolcanttoleratecheatinexams.cheat→cheating佳句时时写
⑧2014·江苏高考书面表达随着英语学习者数量的增加,我们应该对我们语言中出现的不同词汇保持宽容As_the_number_of_English_learners_is_on_the_rise_we_should_be_tolerant_of_different_words_in_our_language.[联想发散] 表示“容忍,忍受”的单词或短语还有bearstandputupwith等5.submitvt.提交;递交vi.服从,屈服 [自主体验]完成句子
①Theheroicpeoplewillneversubmit_toforeignrule.英雄的人民决不会屈服于外国的统治
②Youmustsubmit_yourself_tothetrafficruleswhendriving.开车时你必须遵守交通规则
③Iwillsubmit_my_reports_toyouassoonaspossible.我会尽快把报告提交给你 [系统归纳]submitto 服从于;屈从于submitsb./oneselfto使某人/自己甘受……;服从……submit...to...向……提交…… [重点强化]易错处处防
④Wellsubmitthejudgementofthecourt.submit后加_to佳句时时写
⑤2014·辽宁高考书面表达除了出色的创意之外,你还需要向学生会提交一份报告,解释你是如何想到这个点子的,以及你使用了哪些材料Along_with_your_wonderful_innovation_you_need_to_submit_a_report_to_the_Student_Union_explaining_how_the_idea_occurs_to_you_and_what_materials_you_use.6.seeksought,soughtvt.寻找,寻求;追求;探求,探索;试图 [自主体验]单句语法填空
①Halfanhourlaterhesoughtouthisfavoritetoyinthebasketwhichmadehimveryhappy.
②Hesoughtto_climbclimboverthefencebutfailed.
③Theforeignershavesoughthelpfromthelocalgovernment.完成句子
④Ifyouwantto_seek_for/after_success_youmustworkhard.如果你想追求成功,就必须努力工作
⑤HetoldusthathewasgoingtoBeijingto_seek_his_fortune.他告诉我们他要到北京碰碰运气 [系统归纳]seeksth.fromsb. 向某人请求/寻求某物seekafter/forsb./sth.追求/寻找某人/某物seekonesfortune找出路;碰运气seekout找出;寻出seektodosth.试图做某事 [重点强化]易错处处防
⑥Youshouldseekadviceforyourlawyeronthismatter.for→from佳句时时写
⑦2014·广东高考书面表达为了理解不同文化中成功生活的意义,理查德从2011年开始在世界各地寻找同年同月同日生的人In_order_to_understand_the_meaning_of_successful_life_in_different_cultures_Richard_from_2011_began_to_seek_after/for_time_twins_around_the_world.7.equipvt.使有准备;配备;装备 [自主体验]单句语法填空
①Myfatheralwaysremindsmetoequipmyselfforthefuture.
②Pleaseequipyourselfwithapencilandarubberfortheexam.
③Hisworkexperienceequippedhimto_dealdealwithallkindsofpeople.
④Ourschoolisequippedwithmuchadvancedequipmentboughtfromabroad.equip [系统归纳]1equip...with... 用……装备……equip...forsth./todosth.为做某事而装备……beequippedfor/todosth.为做某事装备好;做好准备equipsb.todosth.使某人能够做某事2equipmentn.[U]装备,设备 [重点强化]易错处处防
⑤Inadditiontheyspendmoneyonfishingequipmentsfuelandboatrepairs.equipments→equipment佳句时时写
⑥2018·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达此外,由于我们学校配备了各种设施,各种各样的体育活动才能够得以举办Moreover_with_all_kinds_of_facilities_equipped_in_our_school_a_wide_range_of_sports_activities_are_able_to_be_held.8.declinevi.vt.下降;谢绝n.下降;衰退 [自主体验]写出下列句中decline的词性和含义
①Iinvitedhertomyweddingbutshedeclinedmyinvitation.vt.谢绝
②Thepanyreportedasmalldeclineinitsprofits.n.下降
③AsisknowntousallindustryinBritainhasbeenonthedeclinesincethe1970s.n.衰退单句语法填空
④Therehasbeenasharpdeclinein/oftheamountsofsalethisyear.
⑤Thenumberofpopulationinthepoorcountryhasdeclinedby10percentduringthepast10years.
⑥ThoughIhaddifficultywalkingbacktomyclassroomIstilldeclinedto_accept_acceptthehelpofmyclassmates.完成句子
⑦Hishealthfell_into_a_declineafterhewasinjuredintheaccident.在事故中受伤后,他的健康状况每况愈下
⑧Theresawidelyheldbeliefthateducationalstandardshave_been_on_thedecline/indecline_inthepastfewyears.许多人普遍认为过去几年教育水平下降了 [系统归纳]1declinetodosth. 拒绝做某事declineto下降/减少到declineby下降/减少了2adeclinein/ofsth.在某方面减少/下降indecline下降onthedecline走下坡路,在衰退中fall/gointoadecline开始衰落,陷入衰退 [重点强化]易错处处防
⑨Theunemploymentratedeclinedto4percentlastmonth.to→by佳句时时写⑩2017·江苏高考书面表达然而,去年中国的经济增长率有所下降However_China_saw_a_decline_in_its_economic_growth_rate_last_year.9.fortunen.财产;大笔的钱;机会;运气 [自主体验]单句语法填空
①Itwasfortunatefortuneenoughthathefoundhislostwalletatlast.
②Whatadifficulttest!FortunatelyfortunateIhadworkedhardotherwiseIwouldhavefailed.
③Shewasfortunateenoughto_findfindajobassoonasshegraduatedfromtheuniversity.完成句子
④Manyyoungpeoplewanttoliveinbigcitiestoseek/try_their_fortune.许多年轻人想在大城市里寻找出路
⑤Hemade_a_fortuneinthegoldfieldsofSouthAfrica.他在南非的金矿里发了财 [系统归纳]1seek/tryonesfortune 找出路;碰运气makeafortune发财2fortunateadj.幸运的;侥幸的=luckybefortunatetodosth.有幸做某事3fortunatelyadv.幸运地=luckily [重点强化]易错处处防
⑥Nowtherearemanyyoungmeninoursocietydreamingofmakingfortunewithouthardwork.making_后加a佳句时时写
⑦2014·湖北高考书面表达幸运的是,她受伤不严重,我们把她送到了最近的医院Fortunately_she_was_not_badly_injured_and_we_sent_her_to_the_nearest_hospital.1.atanyrate无论如何;不管怎样;反正,至少 [自主体验]完成句子
①Youshouldmakeanadjustmentaboutyourbehaviorsat_any_rate.你至少应该对你的行为作出调整
②At_this_rate_wewontmakeittothedestinationbefore5oclock.照此情形,5点之前我们是不能到达目的地的
③Thedriverwasdrivingat_the/a_rate_of100kilometresanhouronthefreeway.司机在高速公路上以每小时100公里的速度开车 [系统归纳]atthis/thatrate 照此情形;如此下去atthe/arateof以……的速度或比率;以……的价格 [重点强化]易错处处防
④YoushouldreadoneoftheEnglisharticleseverydaywithanyrate.with→at佳句时时写
⑤2014·湖北高考书面表达在我看来,我们中的每个人无论如何都应该尽力帮助那些需要帮助的人In_my_opinion_every_one_of_us_should_try_our_best_to_help_those_in_need_at_any_rate.2.wipeout彻底毁灭;全部摧毁 [自主体验]完成句子
①Thestormwiped_the_building_outonlyintwohours.在仅仅两个小时之内,暴风雨就把那座建筑物毁坏了
②Hewiped__awaythesweatfromhisbrowwiththebackofhishand.他用手背擦掉了额头上的汗水
③Theflowingwaterwiped_the_pictures_drawn_by_children_off/fromthesand.流动的水把孩子们画的画从沙子上擦掉了
④Iwiped_up_the_groundafterchildrenlefttheroom.孩子们离开房间后,我把地上的东西擦干净了 [系统归纳]wipeaway 擦掉,清除掉wipesth.off/from从……上擦去某物;勾销债务等wipesth.withsth.用……擦……wipeup擦干净 [重点强化]易错处处防
⑤Thewholevillagewaswipedawaybytheearthquake.away→out佳句时时写
⑥2015·江苏高考书面表达交通问题是一个很难解决的问题它不仅影响我们的日常生活,而且还可能毁灭人们的生活The_traffic_issue_is_a_hard_nut_to_crack.It_not_only_affects_our_everyday_life_but_may_also_wipe_out_peoples_life.3.atallcosts无论如何,不管多大代价 [自主体验]完成句子
①Economicgrowthmustnotbeachievedat_the_cost_ofenvironmentorresources.发展经济绝不能以破坏环境、浪费资源为代价
②Theworkissourgentthatwemustfinishitbefore6at_all_costs/at_any_cost.这项工作如此紧急,以至于我们无论如何得在6点前完成
③Youcanbuythebooksat_costontheInternet.你可以在网上以成本价买到这些书 [系统归纳]atthecost/expenseof... 牺牲……;以……为代价atacostof...以……的费用/价格atanycost=atallcosts在任何情况下;无论如何atcost按成本价 [重点强化]易错处处防
④Atallcostwemustpletethetaskontime.cost→costs佳句时时写
⑤2015·安徽高考书面表达如果我能采访他,无论如何我也要问问他是什么使他成为一名宇航员的If_I_could_interview_him_I_would_ask_him_what_made_him_an_astronaut_at_all_costs.4.Itis+adj.+forsb.todo... [教材原句] It_is_pulsory_for_winners_to_be_testedbutotherparticipantsareonlytestedatrandom. [自主体验]
①2017·江苏高考It_would_be_difficult_for_developed_countries_to_maintainthesizeofpopulation.对发达国家来说那将很难维持人口规模
②It_is_very_clever_of_themtomakegooduseoftheInternet.他们很聪明,能充分利用互联网 [归纳点拨]用法规则1“Itis+adj.+forsb.todo...”结构中的形容词仅仅描述事物这类形容词有difficulteasyhardimportantdangerousimpossible等2“Itis+adj.+ofsb.todo...”结构中的形容词描述不定式行为者的性格、品质这类形容词有kindgoodrightcleverfoolishstupidwiserude等注意事项1若形容词是对不定式行为者的品格进行评价时用ofsb.,反之用forsb.2of后面的名词或代词与前面的形容词有逻辑上的主表关系;而for后面的名词或代词与前面的形容词无逻辑上的主表关系 [佳句背诵]
①精彩开头句2017·北京高考满分作文Itiswiseofustomakeavideotorecordourexperiencesatschool.
②增分要点句2017·全国卷Ⅰ满分作文ItsdifficultforaforeignlearnertounderstandthetruemeaningandcultureofTangpoems.
③增分要点句2018·全国卷Ⅱ满分作文Itwillbenotonlymeaningfulbutalsointerestingforyoutoenjoythemovie.5.并列连词ratherthan [教材原句] TheOlympicspirit—thespiritofpetitionwhichemphasisestakingpartrather_thanwinning—hasbeenviolatedbythedesiretosucceedatallcosts. [自主体验]
①Nowadayssometeenagersprefer_to_chatonlinewithstrangersrather_than_talk_withtheirparentsfacetoface.如今,一些青少年宁愿在网上与陌生人闲谈也不愿与父母面对面谈话
②2014·陕西高考Wewouldratherourdaughterstayed_at_home_with_us_butitisherchoiceandsheisnotachildanylonger.我们宁愿我们的女儿和我们待在家里,但这是她的选择,她不再是个孩子了 [归纳点拨]用法规则1ratherthan常用于下列结构中
①prefertodosth.ratherthandosth.
②woulddosth.ratherthandosth.
③wouldratherdosth.thandosth.2wouldrather+从句,从句中谓语动词用虚拟语气过去时表示现在或将来的愿望;过去完成时表示过去的愿望注意事项1ratherthan为并列连词,表示选择,意为“而不是”它通常用在平行结构中,连接相同的句子成分,即ratherthan前后两部分在成分和形式上应该一致2ratherthan连接主语及其附属成分时,谓语动词应与ratherthan前面的词在人称和数上保持一致 [佳句背诵]
①精彩开头句2017·北京高考满分作文PersonallyIwouldratherwalkalongtheYangtzeRiverthanclimbtheMountTai.
②增分要点句2015·重庆高考满分作文OfthetwoIprefertochoosethelatterratherthanselecttheformer.
③增分要点句2015·上海高考满分作文ThereasonwhyIaminfavorofthepictureinthetoprightcorneristhatitissimpleandapparentratherthandullandisolating.6.sb./sth.bebelieved+动词不定式 [教材原句] Havingkilledupto50millionpeoplein18monthswithatendencytostriketheyoungandfitratherthantheoldthe_Spanish_Flu_is_believed_to_have_beenthemostacuteepidemicinhistory. [自主体验]
①Tomisbelievedto_bebethechildtheyarelookingfor.人们认为汤姆就是他们要找的那个孩子
②Thepanyissaidto_be_advertisingadvertiseforasalesmanagerandyoucanhaveatry.据说这家公司正在刊登广告招聘一名销售经理,你可以去试一下
③Theprofessorisreportedtohavesucceededincarryingoutthisexperiment.=Its_reported_that_the_professor_has_succeededincarryingoutthisexperiment.据报道这位教授已经成功地完成了这项实验 [归纳点拨]1“sb./sth.bebelieved+动词不定式”为固定结构,意为“人们认为相信……,被认为是/做……”,此结构可以和Itisbelievedthat或Peoplebelieve互换常用于这种句型的动词有say/hope/think/report/know等2动词不定式用完成时,强调动作发生在主句动作之前;用进行时,强调动作正在进行;用一般现在时,强调动作与主句动作几乎同时发生,或之后发生 [佳句背诵]
①增分要点句2018·江苏高考满分作文Dependingentirelyontheratingsinconsumptionisgenerallybelievedtobeunwise.
②精彩收尾句2018·天津高考满分作文Itissaidthatyouhavehadagoodperformanceintheroboticsskillcontest.Ⅰ.单词拼写1.Mostbabiescandigest消化awiderangeoffoodeasily.2.Theflightwaspostponed延期becauseofthethickfog.3.Wecanfindthehappinessweseek追求ifwefirstshareitwithothers.4.Underthecircumstances情况wemustrelyonourselves.5.Theywereaccusedofabusing滥用theirpowertokeeppricesartificiallyhigh.6.Asweallknowsoilisfundamental根本的tothegrowthoftheplants.7.Thedisappearanceofjobsisasymptom征兆ofadeepersocialeconomicchange.8.Duetobadmanagementpanyprofitshavebeendeclining下降overthelastthreeyears.9.Yoursuggestionwassubmitted提交tothemissionforitsconsideration.10.Withsuchashorttimeleftbeforethedeadline最后日期itisunlikelyforJohntofinishthejobontime.Ⅱ.单句语法填空1.Manyresidentsareopposedtobuildingbuildthemotorway.Itisnotawisedecision.2.Letspostponemakingmakeadecisionuntilwehavemoreinformation.3.Hehasdeclinedto_eeandinthatcasewecanasksomebodyelse.4.Nobodycantolerate_being_cheatedcheatandthatswhyhehasnofriend.5.Weseekto_findfindawaytomakeusgetalongwellwiththepeoplearoundus.6.Ifyouwanttoshareastoryofyourpetswiththereaders,youneedtosubmitittoSmartAnimals.7.Youmustcarrythenecessaryequipmentequipwithyou,sinceitsallbutimpossibletofindnaturalsubstitutes.8.Wesharedthebeliefthatifyourefortunatefortuneenoughtohavesuccessyoushouldputsomethingback.9.Manyfarmersopposedoppositetheplanbecausetheyfearedthatwolveswouldkilltheirfarmanimalsorpets.10.Shewipedthesweatofffromherfacewithapieceoffacialtissue.Ⅲ.单句改错1.Myeffortstobringaboutasettlementendedofvain.of→in2.Shechoseanovelfromtheshelfinthelibraryinrandom.第二个in→at3.Thenumberofpopulationinthatcountryisnowinthedecline.in→on4.HemadefortuneinhisbusinesstradeontheInternetlastyear.made后加a5.Thestudentsinthelecturehallarefocusingintheprofessorsspeech.第二个in→on6.Theyareurgentlyseekingoutthepostswheretheyarewellpaid.out→after/for7.Iamverymuchopposedtopermithimtogoaloneatnight.permit→permitting8.Toourdelightthesmokingofcigarettesisinthedeclineinthisarearecently.第一个in→on9.Thedrunkendriverratherthanthepassersbyweretoblameforthetrafficaccident.were→was10.Hegaveawayhisallmoneytobuysomeequipmentsforthenewschool.equipments→equipmentⅣ.完成句子1.Theytriedtheirbesttomakeherhappybut_in_vain.他们尽力使她高兴但徒劳无功2.Onefailureafteranotherwiped_out_his_ambitionforfame.一次又一次的失败使他成名的雄心壮志化为乌有3.Its_clever_of_you_toworkouttheperfectplaninsuchashorttime.在这么短的时间内制定出这样完美的方案,你真是太聪明了4.Toourdelightthe_number_of_robberies_is_declininginthisarearecently.让我们感到高兴的是,近来这个地区的抢劫案的数量在下降5.Iprefer_to_take_some_exercise_outside_rather_than_play_puter_gamesathomeonSundays.星期天,我宁愿出去锻炼也不愿待在家里玩电脑游戏本单元语篇话题与新课程主题语境“人与社会”中的“医药与健康”子话题相对应
一、话题语素积累多一点子话题——医药与健康一浅易词汇温一温
①drug
②medicine
③pill
④tablet
⑤poison
⑥stress
⑦fever
⑧cough
⑨disease⑩harmful⑪painful⑫meal⑬food⑭movement⑮treat⑯swim⑰provide⑱various⑲healthy⑳diettruewisewealthylaughtermilksleeprelax二生疏词汇记一记
①capsulen. 药胶囊
②herbn. 草药
③vitaminn.维生素
④insulinn.胰岛素
⑤prescriptionn.处方
⑥swellvi.肿胀
⑦dizzyadj.头晕目眩的
⑧depressionn.抑郁症
⑨sneezevi.打喷嚏⑩symptomn.症状⑪choken.vi.窒息⑫allergicadj.过敏的⑬highadj.高的⑭activityn.活动⑮routinelyadv.有规律地⑯clinicaladj.临床的⑰nutrientn.营养⑱examinevt.检查⑲balancen.v.保持平衡⑳refreshv.使精神振作三常用词块忆一忆
①takein 吸收
②carryout执行
③reduceanxiety减少焦虑
④loseweight减肥
⑤fatandsugars脂肪和糖
⑥physicalactivity体育活动
⑦theamountandtypeofexercise锻炼的量和类型
⑧alargerquantityoffruitsandvegetables大量水果和蔬菜
⑨humanhealthandwellbeing人类健康与福祉⑩thenaturalsetting自然环境⑪wateractivity水中活动⑫takeanydrugs吃任何药物⑬positiveemotion积极情绪⑭restandsleep休息和睡眠⑮keepamind保持一种思想⑯takeexercise锻炼⑰beinhealth身体健康⑱giveyousomeadvice给你一些建议⑲laughandcry笑和哭四写作佳句背一背
①Smokingdoesharmtoyourhealth.Inaddition/Besidesitsawasteofmoney.
②Domoreexerciseandhaveenoughsleepandyouwillfeelrelaxedandenergetic.
③WedbettertakepartinmoreoutdooractivitiesinsteadofsittinginfrontofTVsetsorputersforalongtimewhichisbadforourhealth.
④Alotofstudentsspendmuchtimeonstudy.Thereforetheyhavenotimeforrestandsportswhichreallyaffectstheirhealth.
⑤Earlytobedandearlytorisemakesamanhealthywealthyandwise.
⑥Peoplearebeginningtoattachmuchmoreimportancetotheirhealththesedaysthaneverbefore.
二、话题书面表达亮一点假如你是李华,你的英国笔友Mary想知道如何保持健康请你结合以下建议,就HowtoKeepHealthy这个话题给她写一封信1.合理、健康的饮食;2.适当的锻炼;3.充足的睡眠和休息注意
1.词数100左右;2.可适当添加细节,以使行文连贯[写作4步走]第一步句写对——给词写句truebeinhealthgiveyousomeadvicedietvariousprovidefoodnutrienttakeexercisemovementrestandsleephealthywealthywisekeepamindlaughandcrylaughtermedicine 1.那是真的Its_true.2.每个人都希望身体健康Everyone_wants_to_be_in_good_health.3.我很高兴能给你一些建议I_am_very_glad_to_give_you_some_advice._4.我们需要保持饮食We_need_to_keep_diet.5.各种各样的食物能给我们提供不同的营养Various_food_can_provide_us_with_different_nutrients.6.我们的身体需要它们Our_body_needs_them.7.我们也应该有规律地锻炼身体We_should_also_take_exercise_regularly.8.生命在于运动Life_lies_in_movement.9.我们应该有充足的休息和睡眠We_ought_to_get_enough_rest_and_sleep._10.你听说过吗?Have_you_heard_it11.早睡早起使人健康、富有和聪明Early_to_bed_and_early_to_rise_makes_a_man_healthy_wealthy_and_wise.12.我们最好保持一种健康思想Wed_better_keep_a_healthy_mind.13.我们应该关注一切We_should_look_at_everything.14.别忘了多笑和少哭Dont_forget_to_laugh_more_and_cry_less._15.你知道,笑是最好的药You_know_laughter_is_the_best_medicine.第二步量写够——语句扩充16.在第3句后加入定语“关于如何保持健康的”I_am_very_glad_to_give_you_some_advice_on_how_to_keep_healthy.17.在第4句中加入定语“一个健康平衡的”We_need_to_keep_a_healthy_and_balanced_diet.18.在第8句前加入状语从句“常言道”As_the_saying_goes_life_lies_in_movement._19.在第13句后加上介词短语“用一种积极的方式”We_should_look_at_everything_in_a_positive_way.第三步语写美——词句升格20.用that引导的主语从句合并第1句和第2句Its_true_that_everyone_wants_to_be_in_good_health.21.用avarietyof替换第5句中various,然后用that引导的定语从句合并第5句和第6句A_variety_of_food_can_provide_us_with_different_nutrients_that_our_body_needs.22.用that引导的宾语从句合并第10句和第11句Have_you_heard_that_early_to_bed_and_early_to_rise_makes_a_man_healthy_wealthy_and_wise第四步篇连顺——衔接成文用firstly,secondly,thirdly,lastbutnottheleast,thatstosay等词汇连句成文Dear_Mary,Its_true_that_everyone_wants_to_be_in_good_health._I_am_very_glad_to_give_you_some_advice_on_how_to_keep_healthy._Firstly_we_need_to_keep_a_healthy_and_balanced_diet._A_variety_of_food_can_provide_us_with_different_nutrients_that_our_body_needs._Secondly_we_should_also_take_exercise_regularly._As_the_saying_goes_life_lies_in_movement._Thirdly_we_ought_to_get_enough_rest_and_sleep._Have_you_heard_that_early_to_bed_and_early_to_rise_makes_a_man_healthy_wealthy_and_wise?Last_but_not_the_least_wed_better_keep_a_healthy_mind._Thats_to_say_we_should_look_at_everything_in_a_positive_way._Dont_forget_to_laugh_more_and_cry_less._You_know_laughter_is_the_best_medicine.Yours,Li_HuaⅠ.根据提示填空Obviouslymostpeoplewhotryto❶lose_weight减肥generallyfocusallormostoftheirattentiononthefoodtheyeat.ButwhatabouttheirbehaviorAretherehabitstheycouldbebreakingthatwouldalsohelpthemloseweightAccordingtotheOhioStateUniversityExtensionwhichsummarizedthefindingstheresearcherslearnedpeoplewho❷routinelyroutineatebreakfastslunchesanddinnerstendedtohavemoresuccesslosingweightthanpeoplewhoseeatingscheduleswereirregular.Asabonustheywerealsomorelikelytoeat❸a_larger_quantity_of_fruits_and_vegetables大量水果和蔬菜.One❹activityactivethatbroughtadisastertopeoplewhowantedtoloseweightwaswatchingtelevisionparticularlyiftheyatewhilewatchingTV—especiallyiftheyatewhilewatchingTVafter7p.m.PeoplewhodidthesethingsincludingsimplywatchingalotoftelevisiontendedtohaveahigherbodymassindexBMIaswellasahigherintakeof❺fat_and_sugars脂肪和糖.Thosewhoateoutalotalsotendedtotakeinmorefatandsugarswhileeatingfewerfruitsandvegetables.Forthepurposesofthestudyeatingawayfromhomewasdefinednotonlyaseatinginrestaurantsbutalsoeatingfoodprovidedbyanemployerorcolleaguesatworkbuyingfoodatconveniencestoresorgasstationsorbuyingfoodforfundraisers.Finallythebestresultswereachievedbythosemotivatedpeoplewhokeptwritingthetrackof❻the_amount_and_type_of_exercise锻炼的量和类型theydidandhowmanycaloriestheyatewhoplanned❼_mealsmealandusedmealreplacements.Thosewhodidthesethingsthemostgenerallylostmoreweightatelessfatandsugarsatemorefruitsandvegetablesandengagedinmore❽physical_activities体育活动.Socuttingoutallthosehighcaloriesnackswillhelpyouloseweight.Ifsoapparentlywillchangesomeofyourhabitsandbehavior.Ⅱ.片段选词填空treat,swim,clinical,symptom,carryout,humanhealthandwellbeing,thenaturalsetting,wateractivity,takeanydrugs,positiveemotionPatientswithlightormoderatedepressioncanbesuccessfully❶treatedbyswimmingwithdolphinsresearcherssaidonSaturday.Thestudywas❷carried_outinHondurasincludingpatientswhowerethoughtbythedoctorswithlightofmoderatedepressioningfromtheUnitedStatesandHonduras.Fortwoweekshalfofthegroup❸swamwithdolphinsforanhouraday.Atthesametimetheotherhalfgroupcarriedoutthesametypeof❹water_activities_butwiththeabsenceofdolphins.Researcherswanttofindouttheinfluenceofwaterand❺the_natural_setting.Allthestudyvolunteersdidntcontinueto❻take_any_drugs_orpsychotherapy心理治疗atleastforweeksbeforethestartofthestudyanddidnottakeanydrugsduringthestudysaidtheresearchersfromthedivisionof❼clinicalPsychiatryattheUniversityofLeicesterMedicalSchool.Bytheendofthestudythosepeoplewhoswamwiththedolphinshadagreateraveragereductionintheirdepressive❽symptomsthanthosewhodidnot.Theresearchersnotedthatthestudysupportsthetheoryofbiophiliawhichthinksthat❾human_health_and_wellbeingdependspartlyonthehumanconnectionwiththenaturalworld.ThefindingsappearedintheissueoftheBritishMedicalJournalleadingtointeractionsandpositive_emotionsthatresultinpsychologicaltreatment.
一、复现单元考点——增强备考信心Ⅰ.高考中的语法填空1.2017·天津高考Thehospitalhasrecentlyobtainednewmedicalequipmentequipallowingmorepatientstobetreated.2.2016·全国卷ⅡMostofusaremorefocusedonourtasksinthemorningthanwearelaterintheday.3.2014·江西高考Anywaywereherenowsoletsgetdowntosomeseriouswork.4.2014·湖北高考Theoldruleshavetoberevisedbecausetheyonlyappliedtothe_circumstancescircumstancethatexistedwhentheyweremadeahundredyearsago.5.2014·湖北高考Insteadofblamingthechildwhohadbrokenthevaseshegavehimatoleranttolerancesmileandlethimgo.6.2014·天津高考Clearlyandthoughtfullywrittenthebookinspiresconfidenceinstudentswhowishto_seekseektheirownanswers.7.2014·浙江高考Facinguptoyourproblemsratherthanrunningawayfromthemisthebestapproachtoworkingthingsout.Ⅱ.高考中的完形填空选用declinegetthroughplicatedfortuneconcernprohibit填空1.2017·全国卷ⅠThefollowingtermIregisteredforanASLclass.Theprofessorwasdeafandanytalkingwas__57__.Isoonrealizedthatthesilencewasnotunpleasant.Insteadiftherehadbeenanytalkingitwouldhavecausedustolearnless.NowIappreciatethesilenceandthenewwayofmunicationitopens.____________2.2015·广东高考Whendoesoldagebeginthen?Sixtyfivemaybeoutofdateasthedividinglinebetweenmiddleageandoldage.Afterallmanyolderpeopledontbegintoexperiencephysicalandmental__7__untilafterage
75.____________3.2015·江苏高考ThestoriesofhisunconventionalideasandtheexceptionalpatientshewroteaboutweresoamazingtomeandhadsuchabigimpactonhowIsawlifefromthenon.WhoknewthatsomanyyearslaterIwouldlooktoDr.BernieandhisCDsagainto__39__myowncancerexperience?____________4.2012·湖北高考AstheshopkeeperMr.Johnsonwassellingmethebicyclehesaid“Thisisthebestthingyoucouldhavedone.Lifehasbeehopelessly__35__.Abicycleissimpleanditbringstoyounaturalthings:freshairsunshineandexercise.”Iagreed.HappyasachildIgotonthebicycleandheadedoutontothestreets.____________5.2011·江西高考Strangelyenoughshesoondreamtthatshewasaworldfamouschef主厨.Shemadea__43__andworediamondsanddesignerclothes.Mostdayssherelaxedbythepoolmeetingtherichandfamousorreading—herfavoritehobby.SheeventooktheleadingroleinherownTVshow.____________6.2011·广东高考Manyareconcernedthatgiftedchildrenbeeboredandloseinterestinlearning.Howeverthis__11__ismoreoftenfromparentsandteachersthanfromstudents.____________答案
1.prohibited
2.decline
3.getthrough
4.plicated5.fortune
6.concern
二、复现话题词汇——提高阅读准度新高考下的命题新视角“医药与健康”和人们的生活息息相关,医药科学的不断发展使得人类治疗疾病、追求健康的水平不断提高,现代人类更加关注健康“医药与健康”包括医药安全和发展、健康的饮食、服务及其体现在科技方面的进步等“医药与健康”成为高考命题的热点话题通过阅读此类话题的文章,考生不但可以了解医药领域的相关知识,还可以提高自己的健康意识,从而可以培养健康、积极向上的生活方式在平时的话题训练中,考生应多关注与此类话题相关的素材[话题感悟]学习目标——语篇复现词汇,活学活用记忆更深加黑词汇为本单元话题词汇,读文时请揣摩其用法2016·四川高考阅读DAwarmdrinkofmilkbeforebedhaslongbeenthebestchoiceforthosewantingagoodnightssleep.Butnowastudyhasfounditreallydoeshelppeoplenodoff—ifitismilkedfromacowatnight.Researchershavediscoveredthat“nightmilk”containsmoremelatonin褪黑激素whichhasbeenproventohelppeoplefeelsleepyandreduceanxiety.ThestudybyresearchersfromSeoulSouthKoreainvolvedmicebeingfedwithdriedmilkpowdermadefromcowsmilkedbothduringthedayandatnight.Thosegivennightmilkwhichcontained10timestheamountofmelatoninwerelessactiveandlessanxiousthanthosefedwiththemilkcollectedduringdaytimeaccordingtothestudypublishedinTheJournalofMedicinalFood.Nightmilkquickenedthestartofsleepandcausedthemicetosleeplonger.Whiletheeffectofcowsmilkharvestedatdifferenttimehasnotbeentestedonhumansuptonowtakingmelatonindrugshasbeensuggestedtothosewhoarestrugglingtofallasleepatnight.Previousstudieshavealsoindicatedthatmilkcanbeexcellentforhelpingsleepbecauseofthecalciumcontentwhichhelpspeopletorelax.Milkisalsosugarfreeandadditivefreewithnutritionistsremendingskimmedmilkasthebestchoicebeforebedasitistheleastfattening.Themorefatyoutakeinbeforebedtimethegreaterburdenyouwillputonyourbodyatnight.语篇解读本文是一篇议论文长期以来,人们认为睡觉前喝一杯热牛奶有助于睡眠,但研究表明,只有喝晚上挤的牛奶才真正有助于睡眠这到底是什么原因呢?快来读文章吧!32.Accordingtothetextthemicefedwithdaytimemilk________.A.startedsleepmoreeasilyB.weremoreanxiousC.werelessactiveD.wokeuplater解析选B 细节理解题由第四段中的信息“Thosegivennightmilk...werelessactiveandlessanxiousthanthosefedwiththemilkcollectedduringdaytime...”可知,老鼠喝了白天挤的牛奶会更有活力,也更焦虑,故选B项33.WhichofthefollowingistrueofmelatoninaccordingtothetextA.Itsbeentestedonmicefortentimes.B.Itcanmakepeoplemoreenergetic.C.Itexistsinmilkingreatamount.D.Itsusedinsleepingdrugs.解析选D 推理判断题由第六段中的信息“takingmelatonindrugshasbeensuggestedtothosewhoarestrugglingtofallasleepatnight”可知,褪黑激素被用于安眠药中,故选D项34.WhatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetextA.NightMilkandSleepB.FatSugarandHealthC.AnExperimentonMiceD.MilkDrinkingandHealth解析选A 标题归纳题作者在第一段就点明了文章要论述的对象——晚上挤的牛奶在接下来的几段中,作者通过研究人员在老鼠身上做的实验论证了晚上挤出的牛奶与睡眠的关系,故选A项35.HowdoestheauthorsupportthethemeofthetextA.Bygivingexamples.B.Bystatingarguments.C.Byexplainingstatisticaldata.D.Byprovidingresearchresults.解析选D 推理判断题文章的第
二、
三、
四、五段都是讲研究人员的实验及其结果,所以作者是用研究人员的研究结果来支持论点的选D项学习目标——题后把脉规律,练后得法理解更透速解“开门见山式”文章标题归纳题所谓“开门见山式”文章,指的是行文结构为“总分”或“总分总”结构的文章由于大部分英语文章都是“总分”结构,因此抓住了首段也就找到了主旨大意或者标题,新闻报道类的文章更是如此当然了,也有“总分总”结构,一般是首尾呼应,弄清楚文章的结构确定主题就简单了如本文就属于“开门见山式”文章,采用“总分”结构,文章第一段介绍了一项研究发现,如果牛奶是晚上从牛身上挤出来的,那么它确实能帮助人们睡眠就点明了文章要论述的主旨,在接下来的几段中,作者通过研究人员在老鼠身上做的实验论证了晚上挤出的牛奶与睡眠的关系,故选A项Ⅰ.阅读理解A2019·贵阳监测Iveneverbeenthekindofpersontosay“itsthethoughtthatcounts”whenitestogifts.Thatwasuntilacoupleofweeksagowhenmykidsgavemeapresentthatblew_me_away.ForyearsnowIvebeenwantingtosellourhometheplacewheremyhusbandandIraisedourkids.Buttomethishouseismuchmorethanjustabuilding.Inthefrontroomtheresawallthathashundredsofpencillinesmarkingtheprogressofmychildrensgrowth.Everygrowthstageismarkedingreywitheachchildsnameandthedatewhentheyweremeasured.Ofalltheobjectsandallthememoriesitsthisonethinginahomethatsthehardesttoleavebehind.FriendsIknowhavereturnedhomeafterworkonlytodiscovertheirwallofheightshasbeenfreshlypaintedover.Anewpaintjobwouldntnormallybegreetedbytearsbuterasingthatevidenceofmotherhoodhurtsmorethanitshould.Ourkidsgrowinsomanywaysbutthewallisphysicalevidenceoftheirprogressrightthereforeveryonetosee.OvertheyearsIvetalkedabouthowmuchIwouldhateleavingthatwallbehindwhenImovedeventhoughthelastmarksweremade10yearsagowhenmykidsstoppedgrowing.SoonedaywhileIwasatworkmychildrendecidedtodosomethingaboutit.TheyhiredJacquieManningaprofessionalphotographerwhoseworkisaboutcapturing捕捉thebeautifulthingsinlifefromclearlakesandskiestodiamondsandballgowns晚礼服.ShecametoourhousewhileIwasatworkandoverseveralhourstookphotosofthehundredsofdrawingsandlineslittlegreyfingerprints指纹andoldmarks.Somehowshemanagedtophotographallthoseyearsofmemoriesperfectly.Afterwardssheputallthephotostogetherintooneimagetransformingthemintoabeautifulhistoryofmyfamily.Threeweekslatermychildrenswonderfulgiftmadeitswaytome—alifesizephotoofthepencillinesandfingerprintsthatrepresentsentirelifetimesofloveandgrowth.语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文,讲述了孩子们送给“我”的一件充满爱意且特别的礼物的事情1.Theunderlinedphrase“blewmeaway”inParagraph1probablymeans“________”.A.attractedme B.surprisedmeC.acceptedmeD.refusedme解析选B 词义猜测题根据第一段中的“Iveneverbeenthekindofpersontosay‘itsthethoughtthatcounts’...whenmykidsgavemeapresent”及下文的描述可知,“我”以前不相信送礼物的人的心思最重要,但几个星期前“我”的孩子们送给“我”的礼物让“我”改变了这样的想法,所以此处表示使“我”吃惊2.WhatdoesthehousereallymeantotheauthorA.Ahouse.B.Abuilding.C.Objects.D.Memories.解析选D 推理判断题根据第四段中的“Ofalltheobjectsandallthememoriesitsthisonethinginahomethatsthehardesttoleavebehind”可知,对作者来说这栋房子意味着回忆3.WhatsurprisedthefriendstheauthorknowafterworkA.Findingthewallrepainted.B.Erasingthefingerprints.C.Greetingthembytears.D.Leavingthewallunfinished.解析A 细节理解题根据第四段中的“FriendsIknowhavereturnedhomeafterworkonlytodiscovertheirwallofheightshasbeenfreshlypaintedover”可知,令朋友们吃惊的是房屋的墙面又被重新粉刷了4.WhatisthebesttitleforthetextA.GiftMadewithLoveB.BuildingsMadebyChildrenC.AVeryWonderfulPaintingD.AFamilyHistory解析选A 标题归纳题根据全文内容,尤其是最后一段可知,这篇文章主要讲述了孩子们送给“我”的一份用爱制成的礼物的故事,故A项作本文标题最佳B2019·名校原创预测卷三Mostcouplesknowyoushouldnevergotobedonanargument.Butangerwontjustharmyourrelationship—itcouldalsoruinyoursleepresearchersclaim.Astudyhasfoundthosewhowereangrygenerallyandstruggledtokeeptheirtemper脾气sleptworse.Theyarebelievedtokeepthemselvesawakebythinkingovertheirdisappointmentandfindithardertoachievethecalmnesstheyneedtodrop_off.Theremayevenbeaphysicalreasonasfeelingsofangerincreasecardiovascular心血管的activitywhichmakesithardertogotosleep.PsychologistsfromIowaStateUniversitybasedtheirfindingson436volunteerswhosesleepwasmonitoredaftertheypletedanangerquestionnaire.WritingintheJournalofResearchinPersonalitytheystate:“Thesefindingsaddtothegrowingevidencethatbeingeasytogetangrymayleadtopoorsleepandthatangerandsleeparecloselyconnected.”Studyparticipantswereaskedquestionsdesignedtodetermineiftheywerequicktemperedandbecameangryeasily.Theywereaskedhowangrilytheywouldreacttospecificprovocations挑衅suchasbeingcriticizedbyothers.Finallytheyweresortedintogroupsbasedonhowtheydealtwithanger—the“angerin”groupthe“angerout”groupandthe“angercontrol”group.Thepeoplewhocontrolledtheirangersayingtheywould“keepmycool”underpressuregotbetterqualitysleepduringaweekofbeingtracked.Butthosewhoheldbacktheirangerwithinthe“angerin”groupgotworsesleepbyparison.Thestudyshowedthosewhodidnotlettheirangeroutbysaying“unpleasantthings”,butinsteadchoseto“boilinside”stilllostoutonsleep.Previousresearchhassuggestedthatpeopleareangrybecausetheyloseoutonsleepwhichmakesithardertoholdbacknegativefeelingsandcreatesaviciouscircle.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文研究表明,生气不仅伤害感情,而且不利于睡眠5.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedpart“dropoff”inParagraph1A.Relieveanger.B.Fallasleep.C.Behavereasonably.D.Improvearelationship.解析选B 词义猜测题根据上文中的“angerwontjustharmyourrelationship—itcouldalsoruinyoursleep”、“Astudyhasfoundthosewhowereangrygenerallyandstruggledtokeeptheirtemper脾气sleptworse”及第二段的第一句话可知,此处内容有关生气使人睡眠不佳;研究发现,人们反复地思考让自己失望的事情会使自己处于清醒的状态,并且更难达到入睡的平静状态dropoff的意思应是“打盹儿,小睡”,与fallasleep的意思相近,故选B6.HowdidpsychologistscarryouttheresearchA.Byaskingvolunteersspecificquestions.B.Bydesigninginterestinggroupactivities.C.Byrecordingvolunteersdailybehaviour.D.Bycollectingdatafrompreviousstudies.解析选A 细节理解题根据第二段中的“PsychologistsfromIowaStateUniversitybasedtheirfindingson436volunteerswhosesleepwasmonitoredaftertheypletedanangerquestionnaire”及第三段中的“Studyparticipantswereaskedquestionsdesignedtodetermineiftheywerequicktemperedandbecameangryeasily.Theywereaskedhowangrilytheywouldreact”可知,心理学家通过问志愿者们特定的问题来展开他们的研究故选A7.WhatdoesthestudyfindA.Sleepproblemscanbeavoidedbycontrollinganger.B.Poorangercontrolisassociatedwithsleepshortage.C.Angerisnotnecessarilyanegativefeeling.D.Angercanleadtolowqualitysleep.解析选D 细节理解题根据第二段中的“Writing...angerandsleeparecloselyconnected”可知,愤怒可能会导致低质量的睡眠故选D8.WhichwouldbethebesttitleofthepassageA.DealingwithangerproperlyguaranteesgoodsleepB.WhenandhowpeoplesleepwhentheyareangryC.GoingtobedangrycanstopyoufromsleepingwellD.Howaresleepproblemsandmentaldisorderslinked解析选C 标题归纳题纵观全文可知,本文主要介绍了一项研究发现——带着怒气睡觉不利于睡眠故C项作本文标题最佳C2019·名校原创预测卷一Thewaypeoplewalkcanprovidecluesabouttheirpersonalityclaimsanewstudy.ThestudycarriedoutbyresearchersattheUniversityofPortsmouthfoundthattheexaggerated夸张的movementofboththeupperandlowerbodyindicatedaggression.Usingmotioncapturetechnologyresearchersfoundthatmovementsrevealcertainpersonalitiessuchasaggressionagreeablenessandoutgoingness.Thetechnologyiswidelyusedtorecordthemovementsofanactorwhicharethentranslatedtoananimatedcharacteronscreen.LeadresearcherLiamSatchellsaid“Whenoneiswalkingthebodynaturallyswingsalittle.Anaggressivewalkisonewherethisrotationisexaggerated.”Thestudyalsofoundthatpersonalitiesthathelpwithsocialskills—suchasagreeablenessandoutgoingness—wereparticularlyevidentinpeoplewithincreasedpelvis骨盆movementsaloneor“hipsway”.“Whilelittleswagger大摇大摆andlittleswayinawalkcouldindicateapersonofgreatcreativity,”MrSatchelltoldMailOnline.Thestudyassessedthepersonalitiesof29participantsusingastandardpersonalitytestcalledthe“BigFive”.Participantswerealsoaskedtopleteaquestionnairethatmeasuredtheirlevelsofaggression.Motioncapturetechnologywasthenusedtorecordhowtheywalkedonarunningmachineattheirnaturalspeed.Whilepeoplemaybeawarethatthereisarelationshipbetweenswaggerandpsychologythisisthefirstresearchtoprovideevidencebasedonexperimentsthatlinksaggressionwiththewaypeoplewalksaytheresearchers.“Weknowofnootherexamplesofresearchwherethewalkhasbeenshowntohavecloseconnectionwithselfreportedmeasuresofpersonalitiesandsuggestthatmoreresearchshouldbeconductedbetweenautomaticmovementsandpersonalities,”saidMrSatchell.“IfCCTVobserverscouldbetrainedtorecognizetheaggressivewalkshowninthisresearchtheirabilitytorecognizecrimeslikelytohappenverysooncouldbeimprovedfurther,”saidMrSatchell.Theresearchersarekeentocarryoutadditionalstudiesandhavecalledmoremembersofthepublictogetinvolved.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文一项研究发现一个人走路的姿势可以表明他的性格9.Whatcanweknowabout“motioncapturetechnology”?A.Itisspeciallyintendedforfastmovingobjects.B.Ithelpstoimproveactorsactingtechniques.C.Ithasbeenwidelyusedinthefieldoffilm.D.Itisakindofexaggeratedshootingskill.解析选C 细节理解题根据第一段中的“Thetechnologyiswidelyusedtorecordthemovementsofanactorwhicharethentranslatedtoananimatedcharacteronscreen”可知,动作捕捉技术在电影中应用广泛,该技术用于捕捉演员的动作,然后再转换为电影屏幕上动画人物的动作10.Peoplewhowalkwithlessoverallmovementstendtobe________.A.aggressiveB.creativeC.shyD.honest解析选B 细节理解题根据第三段中的“Whilelittleswagger大摇大摆andlittleswayinawalkcouldindicateapersonofgreatcreativity”可知,如果一个人走路时很少大摇大摆,这可能说明这个人有很强的创造力11.WhatdoMrSatchellswordsinthelastbutoneparagraphsuggestA.Theresalongwaytogotocarryoutsuchstudies.B.Thefindingswillbemainlyusedtopreventcrimes.C.Theresearchresultconcludedhasbeenputintopractice.D.Noresearchprovestherelationbetweenaggressionandwalknow.解析选A 推理判断题根据倒数第二段中的“Weknowof...suggestthatmoreresearchshouldbeconductedbetweenautomaticmovementsandpersonalities”及最后一段可推知,Satchell先生的话表明在自发运动和性格特征之间的关系上还需要进行更多研究12.WhatisthesuitabletitleforthepassageA.TheeffectsofpersonalitytypesonpeopleswalkB.AnewwayofrecognizingcrimesbyoneswalkC.HowapersonswalkindicateshisintentionD.Whatoneswalksaysabouthispersonality解析选D 标题归纳题文章开头就点明主题“Thewaypeoplewalkcanprovidecluesabouttheirpersonalityclaimsanewstudy.”一项研究显示,走路姿势可以表明一个人的性格,下文均围绕该主题展开,故D项适合作文章标题Ⅱ.阅读七选五HowtoSayNoRespectfullyLikemostpeopleyournaturalinstinct本能isprobablytohelpotherswhenyoucan.__1__Whetheryouredeclininganinvitationtoapartyorturningdownanewprojectatworkyoucansaynowhilestillbeingrespectful.Whateverthesituationisbeclearpoliteandfirmwhensayingno.Expressyourthanks.__2__Ifyouhavetoturnsomeonedownexpressyourthanksthattheythoughtofyouinthefirstplace.Youcouldsaysomethinglike“Thanksforconsideringmeresponsibleenoughtowatchyourkids.ImsorrythatImbusythatevening.”Thinkbeforeyouspeak.Ifyousaynoimmediatelyitmightseemlikeyoudidntevenconsidertherequest.Inordertoberespectfultakeamomenttothinkaboutyouranswer—evenifyoualreadyknowwhatitisgoingtobe.__3__Giveaclearanswer.Sayingnorespectfullyshowsthatyourehonestanddirect.__4__Ifyoucanthelpsayno.Ifsomeoneisaskingyouonadateandyoudontwanttogomakethatclear.__5__Youcansaynowithoutpletelyturningdowntherequest.Bysettingboundariesyoucanmakeitclearexactlywhatyoucandoandwhatyouarewillingtodo.Forexampleyoucouldsay“ImnotfreefordinnerbutIwouldbeingforaquickdrinkafterwork.”A.Findawaytopromise.B.Takeapauseandthenkindlysayno.C.Butsometimesyoujustneedtosayno.D.Itsstrangetofeelguiltyforturningsomeonedown.E.Makeitclearthatyousincerelyappreciatebeingasked.F.Ifyoufeelitnecessaryyoucanalsoprovideareasonforyouranswer.G.Donotgivepeoplefalsehopethatyouwillbeabletosatisfytheirrequest.语篇解读本文主要介绍了如何有礼貌地拒绝别人1.解析选C 前面讲到“帮助别人可能是人的一种本能”,接下来话锋一转,说到“在有的情形下你可以礼貌地拒绝别人”,前后是转折关系,所以选C项2.解析选E 本段的第一句“表达你的谢意”为段落主题句,所以空处意在进一步解释说明这一主题,而选项E的意思是“要表达清楚你很真诚地感激受到邀请”,符合语境,所以选E项3.解析选B 本段首句为段落主题句,意为“在说不之前要思考一下”,而B项的意思是“停一下,然后再善意地拒绝”,与此处匹配,所以选B项4.解析选G 由本段内容可知,本段主要讲明确答复对方,有礼貌地拒绝别人表示你是诚实的、直接的G项“不要给人错觉,让别人觉得你可以满足他的要求”,与本段所表达的意思相符,所以选G项5.解析选A 根据下文可知,本段讲述的是在拒绝别人的时候,可以留有余地,表达清楚你能做什么、愿意做什么,而A项的意思是“找到一个折中的办法”,与本段所表达的意思相符,所以选A项。