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Module1Europe一课前自主学习Ⅰ.阅读单词——————知其意1.bootn. 长统靴;皮靴2.landmarkn.[纵联1]标志性建筑3.galleryn.美术馆;画廊4.sculpturen.雕刻;泥塑5.birthplacen.发源地6.civilisationn.文明7.whereaboutsadv.在哪里8.parliamentn.国会;议会_9.regionn.地区;区域_10.geographicaladj.地理的Ⅱ.重点单词——————写其形1.acrossprep.横过;穿过2.facevt.面向;面对3.rangen.山脉;范围4.symboln.象征;符号5.architectn.建筑师6.projectn.计划;项目;工程7.ancientadj.古代的8.headn.领袖;领导人9.representativen.代表10.featuren.特点Ⅲ.拓展单词——————通其变1.continentaladj.大陆的;大洲的→continentn.大陆;大洲[纵联2]2.situatedadj.坐落某处的;位于某处的→situationn.形势;情况;位置→situatevt.使位于;使处于3.locatedadj.位于→locationn.位置→locatevt.使坐落于vi.定位;定居4.oppositeprep.在……对面→opposevt.反对5.signvt.签署→signaturen.签字;署名6.agreementn.协议;契约→disagreementn.不同意;分歧7.governvt.统治;治理→governmentn.政府[纵联3]8.producen.产品;农产品→productn.产品;制品→productionn.生产;产量纵联
1.“n.+n.”合成名词精选
①landmark标志性建筑
②birthplace发源地
③daybreak黎明
④keyboard键盘
⑤headache头痛
⑥steamboat汽船
⑦waterfall瀑布
⑧newspaper报纸纵联
2.世界七大“洲”
①Asia亚洲
②Europe欧洲
③Africa非洲
④Antarctica南极洲
⑤Oceania大洋洲
⑥NorthAmerica北美洲
⑦SouthAmerica南美洲纵联
3.加后缀ment构成的名词面面观
①govern→government政府
②agree→agreement协议;契约
③equip→equipment装备
④develop→development发展
⑤move→movement移动
⑥establish→establishment建立
⑦employ→employment雇用
⑧announce→announcement通告单元话题——欧洲子话题1 地理状况
①provincen.省
②staten.州;邦;政府
③zonen.地域;地带;地区
④districtn.区域;地方;行政区
⑤bordern.边境;边界;国界
⑥boundaryn.边界;界限;分界线
⑦frontiern.边沿;边界;国界
⑧countyn.郡,县子话题2 人口状况
①residentn.居民
②ruraladj.农村的,乡下的
③urbanadj.城市的;市镇的
④povertyn.贫困
⑤racialadj.种族的;人种的
⑥citizenn.公民;市民
⑦agingpopulation老龄化人口
⑧immigrantn.移民,侨民[学考对接·活学活用]高考采撷一 阅读中的词汇应用1.2018·天津高考阅读ATheUniversityofAdelaideemploysafulltimestaffoffirepreventionprofessionals.Theyinspectallcampusbuildingsandtestandmaintainallsprinkler喷水灭火装置systemsfirealarmsandfireextinguishers灭火器.Theyalsoprovideeducationalprograms❶onfiresafetyintheresidencehalls.Wheneveryoumovetoanewarea❷,youshouldlocate❸thefirealarmpullstationsandthetwoexitsnearestyourroom.
①写出programs在本单元中的同义词projects;_program的词义为程序,节目,计划
②用本单元中的词汇替换area region
③写出locate在本单元中的形容词形式located,常构成短语be_located_in,其名词形式为location2.2016·全国卷Ⅰ阅读DOtherculturesmayusesilenceinotherwaysparticularlywhendealingwithconflictsamongpeopleorinrelationshipsofpeoplewithdifferentamountsofpower.ForexampleRussianFrenchandSpanishpersonsmayusesilencetoshow ❶ agreebetweenpartiesaboutthetopicunderdiscussion.HoweverMexicansmayusesilencewheninstructionsaregivenbyapersoninauthorityratherthanberudetothatpersonbyarguingwithhimorher.InstillanotherusepersonsinAsianculturesmayviewsilenceasasign❷ofrespectparticularlytoanelderorapersoninauthority.
①用agree的正确形式填空agreement,含有词根agree的词有disagreedisagreement等
②写出sign在句中的含义标志,其同义词有symbolmark等高考采撷二 写作中的词汇应用根据汉语及提示词翻译句子1.2018·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达我们学校最近修建了一个新体育馆,它位于图书馆后面locatedOur_school_has_built_a_new_stadium_recently_which_is_located_behind_the_library.2.2017·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达如果你感兴趣,请在9月10日前在我们学校网站上报名参加signIf_you_are_interested_sign_up_on_our_school_website_before_September_
10.二课堂重点释疑1.acrossprep.横过;穿过;交叉;在……另一边;在……各处;遍及adv.从一边到另一边;宽;交叉地[记牢]eacross 偶然遇见;发现;被理解getacrossto使被理解;向……讲清楚[练通]单句语法填空
①2018·北京高考panieshavebeentestingtheirvehiclesincitiesacrossthecountry.用eacrossgetacrossto填空
②2017·天津高考ItwaswhenIgotbacktomyapartmentthatIfirstcame_acrossmynewneighbors.
③Couldyoupredicthowmanyaudienceyourspeechwillget_across_tothereasonsfortheneedtoraiseinterestrates选词填空acrossthroughover
④TheGreatWallwindsitswayfromwesttoeastacrossthedesertoverthemountainsthroughthevalleystillatlastitreachesthesea.长城从西向东跨过沙漠,越过高山,穿越山谷,直至最后到达大海[写美] 翻译句子
⑤在我们的日常生活中,我们不可避免地时常遇到各种各样的挑战In_our_daily_life_we_unavoidably_e_across_various_challenges_now_and_then.2.facevt.面向;面对n.面孔;表情;正面[记牢]1befacedwith 面临,面对faceupto勇敢面对2makeaface做鬼脸facetoface面对面inthefaceof面对;在……面前[练通]单句语法填空
①Facingfacesomuchtroublehedidntknowwhattodo.
②WhenIamfacedwithadifficultyinmystudyIusuallychoosetorefertorelevantlearningmaterialsorwebpages.句型转换Facingthesedifficultiesmanystudentsfindthemselvesunabletopayfullattentiontotheirstudies.
③When_facingthesedifficultiesmanystudentsfindthemselvesunabletopayfullattentiontotheirstudies.状语从句的省略
④Faced_withthesedifficultiesmanystudentsfindthemselvesunabletopayfullattentiontotheirstudies.过去分词短语作状语
⑤In_the_face_ofthesedifficultiesmanystudentsfindthemselvesunabletopayfullattentiontotheirstudies.介词短语作状语[写美] 翻译句子
⑥这是我第一次和我妈妈面对面交谈It_was_the_first_time_that_I_had_talked_with_my_mother_face_to_face.3.rangen.山脉;幅度;范围;种类v.排列;在一定范围内变化,变动[记牢]1in/withinrangeofsth. 在……范围内beyond/outofrangeofsth.在……范围外awiderangeof...范围广泛的;各种各样的2rangefrom...to...在……范围内变动rangebetween...and...在……和……范围内变动[练通] 单句语法填空
①2017·北京高考Thenationalparkhasalargecollectionofwildliferangingrangefrombutterfliestoelephants.
②Whendrivingonhighwaysthedrivermustcontrolhisorherspeedwithin/intherangeof60km/hand120km/h.
③Thepriceofthehouseissohighthatitiswellbeyondourrange.[写美] 补全句子
④2018·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达而且,随着体育场的建立,可以举行各种各样的体育项目,其中乒乓球、足球和跑步比赛很受欢迎Moreover_with_the_stadium_set_up_a_wide_range_of_sports_events_are_able_to_be_held_ofwhichtabletennisfootballaswellasrunningpetitionsenjoygreatpopularity.4.oppositeprep.在……对面adj.对面的;相反的;对立的adv.在对面n.对立面;对立的人;反义词[记牢]1beoppositeto 与……相反;在……对面justtheopposite恰恰相反2opposevt.反对;与……对抗opposedoingsth.反对做某事3opposedadj.反对的;相反的beopposedtodoingsth.反对做某事[练通]单句语法填空
①Only18percentofthosesurveyedwereopposedtotheidea.
②Thepostofficeisoppositeopposetothefirstteachingbuilding.
③Ourmembersaredefinitelyopposedtomakingmakeconcessions让步onthesafetyquestion.
④Theresultwasquiteoppositetowhatwehadexpected.一句多译很多教育家强烈反对过度保护孩子
⑤Manyeducatorsstrongly_oppose_protectingchildrentoomuch.oppose
⑥Manyeducatorsare_strongly_opposed_to_protectingchildrentoomuch.opposed[用准] 1oppose意为“反对”,后常跟动名词作宾语;2beopposedto短语中,to为介词,后跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语[写美] 翻译句子
⑦至于那个计划,一些人赞成而其他人反对我是反对计划的那些人之一As_for_the_plan_some_agree_while_others_dont.Im_one_of_those_opposed_to_it.[联想] “反对做某事”还可以表达为objecttodoingsth.;beagainstdoingsth.等5.signvt.签署;签名;打手势;示意n.符号;记号;手势;迹象[记牢]1signtosb.todosth. 打手势让某人做某事signin/out签到/签退signup报名参加;注册2asignof...……的标志/迹象[练通] 单句语法填空
①Iwasdrivingaroundthecornerwhenapolicemansignedtometo_stopstop.
②Inmunicationasmileisusuallyastrongsignofafriendlyandopenattitude.
③Forsafetyreasonspleasesigninwhenyouarriveatthebuildingandsignoutwhenyouleave.[写美] 翻译句子
④凡是想参加比赛的人应该在12月8日前到高三英语老师办公室报名Those_who_would_like_to_take_part_in_the_petition_are_supposed_to_sign_up_in_English_teachers_offices_of_senior_3_before_December_8th.[词汇过关综合训练] Ⅰ.单词拼写1.Ifeltluckytohavebeenchosenasarepresentative代表ofCanadaandjoinedintheculturaltourtoPompeiiandLoulan.2.Theconceptofintelligentrobotsasfriendsorenemiesdatesbacktoancient古代的times.3.Forgenerationscarshavebeenasymbol象征offreedomandAmericasmostimportantpastime.4.Mostyoungarchitects建筑师—particularlythoseinbigcities—canonlydreamaboutworkinginabuildingoftheirown.5.Greeceisthebirthplace发源地oftheOlympicGames.6.LocatedinParistheLouvreisoneoftheworldslargestartgallery美术馆.7.2018·全国卷ⅢColorchoicesinthisrange种类areastepupfromthesmallonesintwomajorways.8.Lyingacross横过theriverisabridgebuilttwohundredyearsago.9.Onlyafterhermothercametohelpherforthefirstfewmonthswassheallowedtobeginherproject计划.10.Ontheopposite对面的wallishangingonemapaswellasdozensofpictures.Ⅱ.单句语法填空1.ShanghaisituatedsituateineastofChinaisaninternationalcity.2.Ifyouyellathimhewillbeguaranteedtodotheoppositeopposeofwhatyouwant.3.Theresemblancebetweenthetwosignaturessignwasremarkable.4.Thecontinentalcontinentrailwaysystemhasaperfectluggageservice.5.Expertsdisagreedonwheretobuildabridgeandthedisagreementdisagreeledtothedelayoftheproject.6.Itislikelytobejustthenameofapanypartofwhichmaybeagenerallocationlocate.7.Rightnowthegovernmentgovernshouldtakepowerfulmeasurestopushthestateseconomyforward.8.FacedfacewithsomanyproblemsarisingfromlackofmunicationIdidntknowhowtodealwiththemindependently.Ⅲ.根据提示补全句子1.药品应放在儿童不容易接近的地方rangeMedicineshouldbekeptwhereitis_out_of_childrens_range.2.我认为家庭成员面对面交流很重要,这有助于形成一种和谐的家庭氛围faceIthinkitimportanttomunicatewithourfamilymembersface_to_face_whichhelpsbuildaharmoniousfamilyatmosphere.3.为了这次时装表演,该公司签约了三名顶尖模特儿signThepanyhassigned_upthreetopmodelsforthefashionshow.4.当沿着街道散步的时候,我遇见了多年未见的戴维acrossWhenwalkingdownthestreetIcame_acrossDavidwhoIhadntseenforyears.5.令人奇怪的是,格林先生在讨论中没作任何评论,他也是反对这项新政策的opposeStrangelyMrGreenwhowas_also_opposed_tothenewpolicymadenoremarkinthediscussion.一课前自主学习1.of_all_time 有史以来2.be_known_as作为……而出名/闻名3.ever_since自从……一直;自从那时起4.because_of因为;由于5.in_terms_of[串记1]据……;依照……6.little_by_little[串记2]一点点地;逐渐地7.on_the_other_hand另一方面;反过来说8.work_on从事;努力做[同根短语串记]串记
1.“of结尾”短语聚会
①intermsof据……;依照……
②asaresultof由于;因为
③inspiteof尽管;不管
④onaccountof由于;因为
⑤onbehalfof代表
⑥insteadof代替;而不是
⑦regardlessof不管;不顾
⑧infavourof赞成;支持串记
2.由littlebylittle想到的
①littlebylittle一点点地;逐渐地
②stepbystep一步一步地;逐步
③onebyone一个接一个地
④daybyday一天天地
⑤yearbyyear年复一年
⑥sidebyside肩并肩;并排1.themostpopularplacefortourists 最受游客欢迎的地方2.bedesignedby由……设计3.inthe1300s在14世纪4.agreatartisticmovement伟大的艺术运动5.themostfamousartgallery最著名的艺术长廊6.thebirthplaceofwesterncivilisation西方文明的发源地7.offthenorthwestcoast在西北海岸8.havecontrolover对……加以控制1.Between_France_and_Spain_isanothermountainrange—thePyrenees.在法国和西班牙之间是另一座山脉——比利牛斯山脉2.Theirworkhas_influencedotherwritersever_since.他们的作品影响了后世的作家3.TheexpandedEuropeanUnionhasapopulationofmorethanhalfabillionpeopletwice_as_big_asthepopulationoftheUnitedStates.扩展后的欧盟人口超过五亿,是美国人口的两倍[学考对接·活学活用]高考采撷一 完形中的短语补全句子1.2018·浙江高考完形填空Because_of因为allthisextratimetherewasnosenseofurgencytodomyschoolworkimmediately.2.2016·北京高考完形填空Fromtheredogsled狗拉雪橇drivers—known_as作为……而著名“mushers”—wouldcarryittoNomeinarelay接力.高考采撷二 写作中的短语和句式补全句子/词汇升级1.2018·江苏高考书面表达On_the_other_hand另一方面ratingscansavetimetomakedecisionsinshopping.2.2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达Speakingoftablemannerskeepyourvoicelowandpleasantduringthemeal.用本单元短语替换加黑词汇In_terms_of3.2018·天津高考书面表达你在你们学院举办的机器人比赛中获得了一等奖,并且从那时起你展示出了在设计机器人方面的巨大天赋eversinceYouhavewonfirstprizeintheRoboticspetitionheldinyourinstituteandhave_shown_great_talent_in_designing_robots_ever_since.二课堂重点释疑[短语集释]1.intermsof据……;依照……;就……而言[记牢]inthelong/shortterm 从长远/短期来看beongood/badtermswithsb.与某人关系好/不好etotermswithsb.与某人达成协议;与某人和解[练通] 用上述短语填空
①In_terms_ofstudyandhealthweshoulddevelopahealthylifestyle.
②Theagreementshouldhaveverypositiveresultsin_the_long_term.
③Tokeepupgoodrelationshipswithyourteachersandclassmatesyoushouldlearntobe_on_good_terms_withthem.[写美] 补全句子
④2018·江苏高考书面表达在网上购物方面,无论我买什么都倾向于查阅消费排名In_terms_of_shopping_online_ItendtoconsultconsumptionratingswhateverIpurchase.2.ontheotherhand另一方面;反过来说[记牢]1ontheonehand...;ontheotherhand... 引出不同的,尤指对立的观点、思想等一方面……;另一方面却……2foronething...;foranother...用于引出并列的理由一则……;二则……3firstly...;secondly...第一……;第二……[练通] 补全句子
①On_the_one_hand_IhavestrongbeliefthatIwilldowellintheexam;on_the_other_hand_Ifeelabitnervousthoughitsnotdifficult.一方面,我坚信会在考试中做得很好;另一方面,虽然不难,我仍感觉有点紧张
②ToimproveyourEnglishfirstly_youshouldlistenmore;secondly_youshouldreadmore.为了提高你的英语水平,第一,你应该多听;第二,你应该多读
③Imnotgoingtobuythecar;for_one_thingIdontlikethecolorandfor_anotheritsfartooexpensive.我不打算买这辆车;一是我不喜欢这种颜色,二是它太贵了[用准] ontheonehand中的the可以省略,而ontheotherhand中的the不能省略另外,ontheotherhand可以单独使用[写美] 补全句子
④2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达通常来讲,一方面,你到达时间不要晚于规定时间,早几分钟最好;另一方面,你最好带一些小礼物,例如你们国家的特产食品或饮料Generallyspeakingon_the_one_hand_yourarrivalshouldntbelaterthanthefixedtimeandafewminutesearlieristhebest;on_the_other_hand_youdbetterbringsomelittlegiftssuchasaspecialfoodordrinkfromyourcountry.[句式集释]介词短语置于句首的倒装句式[教材原句] Between_France_and_Spain_is_another_mountain_range—thePyrenees.[悟拓展例句]1Incame_a_girl_wearingawhiteskirt.一个穿着白色裙子的小姑娘走了进来2IntothedarkapartmentwalkedmyfriendwhowasquitesurprisedwheneveryoneshoutedHappyBirthday.我朋友走进了黑暗的房间,当大家喊生日快乐时,他感到很惊讶3Presentatthemeetingwere_some_scientistsfromChina.一些来自中国的科学家出席了会议4Such_is_our_lively_city_whichyouareweletovisitwheneveratyourconvenience.这就是我们这座充满活力的城市,只要您方便,随时欢迎来参观[析用法规则]用法归纳1outindownupawayherenowthenthere等表示方位、地点和时间的副词置于句首,且主语是名词时,句子用完全倒装2表示地点的介词短语置于句首,且主语是名词时,句子用完全倒装3作表语的形容词、分词短语提到系动词前面时,句子也用完全倒装,即“形容词/分词+系动词+主语”结构4代词such置于句首,且在句中作表语时,句子用完全倒装注意事项1此类用法中的谓语动词一般为be动词或lieegostand等动词,且句子的主语为名词2如果句子的主语为人称代词,不用倒装语序如Lookatthelittledog!Hereitruns.看这条小狗!它跑过来了[背写作佳句]12018·北京高考书面表达NextcamethemomentwhenIaskedthemtohaveatrythemselves.要点句2Suchisourexperienceindeedaninvaluablepieceofexperience.总结句[词块、句式过关综合训练] Ⅰ.选词填空ofalltime,beknownas,eversince,becauseof,intermsof,littlebylittle,ontheotherhand1.Thejobisgreatin_terms_ofsalarybutithasitsdisadvantages.2.Hewasforcedtodropoutofschoolbecause_ofhisillness.3.Iwouldlikeajobwhichpaysmorebuton_the_other_hand_IenjoyedtheworkImdoingatthemoment.4.Followthedoctorsadviceafteroperationandyouwillpickuplittle_by_little.5.Ever_sincetheymovedtothisapartmentMaryandAlicehavebeengoodpartners.6.Heisthegreatestbasketballplayerof_all_time.7.AboutthreedecadesagoChinawas_known_asthe“BicycleKingdom”.Ⅱ.根据提示补全句子/一句多译1.学生们不应该仅仅依据他们的考试成绩有多好而受到评价intermsofThestudentsshouldntonlybejudgedin_terms_of_how_good_their_marks_wereintheexam.2.我们每个人都有优点,但是另一方面我们每个人也有缺点ontheotherhandWeeachhavestrengthsbuton_the_other_hand_each_of_us_has_weaknesses.3.她五年前毕业,从那时起便一直当护士eversinceSheleftschoolfiveyearsagoandhas_worked_as_a_nurse_ever_since.4.窗户旁边坐着一位年轻人,手里拿着一本杂志完全倒装Bythewindowsat_a_young_manwithamagazineinhishand.5.我的农场已经扩展成了一个大农场,是原来的三倍大倍数表达法
①Myfarmhasexpandedintoabigonewhichis_three_times_as_big_asthepreviousone.
②Myfarmhasexpandedintoabigonewhichis_three_times_bigger_thanthepreviousone.
③Myfarmhasexpandedintoabigonewhichis_three_times_the_size_ofthepreviousone.Ⅲ.应用文分步写作假定你是李华,你的美国朋友Jack准备到你居住的城市——成都来旅游,请你给他写一封电子邮件介绍成都的情况,要点如下1.城市在本省的地位;2.城市的历史、人口;3.景点和美食注意
1.词数80左右;2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯第一步准确审题,理行文脉络,拟写作要点本文属于应用文中的电子邮件,时态为一般现在时,人称以第一人称为主文章应分三个层次来写,即开头点明写信的缘由,主体部分介绍成都详情,结尾表达祝愿主体部分共3个要点,即“该城市在所在省的地位”“该城市的历史、人口”“该城市的景点和美食”要点的表达要力求准确,避免语言失误开头语我很高兴你要来成都现在让我给你介绍一下成都吧Im_reallyglad_that_youre_ing_to_Chengdu.Now_let_me_tell_you_something_about_it.要点1成都是中国西南地区的政治、经济和文化中心Chengdu_is_the_centre_of_politics_economy_and_culture_in_the_southwest_of_China.要点2成都有2300多年的悠久历史,人口超过1600万havealonghistoryofChengdu_has_a_long_history_of_over_2300_years_with_a_population_of_more_than_16_million.要点3-
①那里有许多名胜古迹There_are_a_lot_of_places_of_interest.要点3-
②它因美味的火锅和当地小吃而闻名wellknownIt_is_wellknown_for_the_delicious_hotpot_and_the_local_snacks.结尾语我希望你在成都玩得愉快I_hope_youll_enjoy_your_stay_in_Chengdu.第二步添加细节,文意更丰满,表达更亮眼3个要点表达很单一,还需要对其进行拓展,以使要点丰满、内容充实如要点1在介绍成都时可以添加同位语“四川省的省会城市”;要点3-
①,可用suchas来列举详细的景点名称武侯祠和青城山;要点3-
②可以添加地点状语“在国内外”;介绍完“景点和美食”之后,可以补充“来到此地后的感受”,比如“一旦你来这里,你将不想离开”拓展要点1四川省的省会城市成都是中国西南地区的政治、经济和文化中心使用同位语Chengdu_the_capital_city_of_Sichuan_Province_is_the_centre_of_politics_economy_and_culture_in_the_southwest_of_China.拓展要点3-
①那里有许多名胜古迹,例如武侯祠和青城山suchasThere_are_a_lot_of_places_of_interest_such_as_Wuhou_Temple_and_Mount_Qingcheng.拓展要点3-
②它因美味的火锅和当地小吃而闻名国内外both...andIt_is_wellknown_for_thedelicious_hotpot_andthe_local_snacks_both_at_homeand_abroad.补充要点3一旦你来这里,你将不想离开用once引导时间状语从句Once_you_e_here_you_will_never_want_to_leave.第三步连句成文,排语句顺序,重衔接过渡在介绍成都时,首先应先介绍其省会城市的地位以及历史、人口等在介绍景点和美食前,应先用Itsreallyaverybeautifulcity.来统领,然后用关联词besides进行衔接,让文章显得自然流畅Dear_Jack,Im_really_glad_that_youre_ing_to_Chengdu.Now_let_me_tell_you_something_about_it.Chengdu_the_capital_city_of_Sichuan_Province_is_the_centre_of_politics_economy_and_culture_in_the_southwest_of_China.It_has_a_long_history_of_over_2300_years_with_a_population_of_more_than_16_million.Its_really_a_very_beautiful_city.There_are_a_lot_of_places_of_interest_such_as_Wuhou_Temple_and_Mount_Qingcheng.Besides_it_is_wellknown_for_the_delicious_hotpot_and_the_local_snacks_both_at_home_and_abroad.Once_you_e_here_you_will_never_want_to_leave.I_hope_you_will_enjoy_your_stay_in_Chengdu.Yours,Li_Hua理清文体结构之十三 说明文之现象类——确定说明对象,查找说明顺序和方法破解现象类说明文的关键首先确定主题句,它常常位于篇首,通过主题句确定文章的说明对象其次,要在略读全文时确定说明的顺序和方法,这是文章的核心部分,是命题的切入点,也是解题的关键然后迅速浏览题干,结合题干要求到文中寻找关键对应点,从而确定答案[高考典例] 2018·全国卷Ⅰ·C篇[确定说明对象,查找说明顺序和方法][高考典例] 2018·全国卷Ⅰ·C篇[读文解题技法] 说明对象时间1数字1时间2数字2数字3时间4数字5数字6数字7
[1]Languageshavebeeningandgoingforthousandsofyearsbutinrecenttimestherehasbeenlessingandalotmoregoing.Whentheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhuntergathererssmalltightlyknit联系groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother.Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat10000yearsagowhentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeopletheyspokeperhaps12000languagesbetweenthem.
[2]Soonafterwardsmanyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntobeefarmersandtheirlanguagestoobecamemoresettledandfewerinnumber.Inrecentcenturies,tradeindustrialisationthedevelopmentofthenationstateandthespreadofuniversalpulsoryeducationespeciallyglobalisationandbettermunicationsinthepastfewdecadesallhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappearanddominantlanguagessuchasEnglishSpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.
[3]Atpresenttheworldhasabout6800languages.Thedistributionoftheselanguagesishugelyuneven.Thegeneralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguagesoftenspokenbymanypeoplewhilehotwetzoneshavelotsoftenspokenbysmallnumbers.Europehasonlyaround200languages;theAmericasabout1000;Africa2400;andAsiaandthePacificperhaps3200ofwhichPapuaNewGuineaaloneaccountsforwellover
800.Themediannumber中位数ofspeakersisamere6000whichmeansthathalftheworld’slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.
[4]Alreadywellover400ofthetotalof6800languagesareclosetoextinction消亡withonlyafewelderlyspeakersleft.PickatrandomBusuuinCamerooneightremainingspeakersChiapanecoinMexico150LipanApacheintheUnitedStatestwoorthreeorWadjiguinAustraliaonewithaquestionmark:noneoftheseseemstohavemuchchanceofsurvival.
1.速读首段查找主题句,确定说明对象本文的主题句在首段but后,说明语言正在消失这一现象
2.略读全文查找说明顺序和说明方法本文以时间顺序采用各种数字来说明语言消失的规律
3.结合题干要求比对原文定答案结合题干中的关键词,比对各种数字背后暗含的意义,得出正确答案[利用说明顺序和方法巧解题]
28.Whatcanweinferaboutlanguagesinhuntergatherertimes?A.Theydevelopedveryfast.B.Theywerelargeinnumber.C.Theyhadsimilarpatterns.D.Theywerecloselyconnected.
30.Howmanylanguagesarespokenbylessthan6,000peopleatpresent?A.About6,
800.B.About3,
400.C.About2,
400.D.About1,
200.由关键词第三段中的“时间4”、“数字4”、“数字5”和“数字6”,分析得出答案31.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?―→文章主旨题由说明对象及数字变化得出答案A.Newlanguageswillbecreated.B.People’slifestylesarereflectedinlanguages.C.Humandevelopmentresultsinfewerlanguages.D.Geographydetermineslanguageevolution.[答案]
28.B
30.B
31.C。