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Module4GreatScientists单元话题·语篇训练Ⅰ.阅读理解AWheretoenjoyapictureperfectwhiteChristmasQuébecCityCanadaWhenthenarrowstreetsofQuébecCityarecoveredinsnowitfeelslikeyouvewanderedintoabeautifulVictorianChristmascardwhichhasetolife.EnjoythefriendlinessofthischarmingCanadiancitywithjoyousoutdoorconcertsholidaymarketsandQuébecAdabra—aneveningfestivalofmusiclightsanimation动画andarchitecturalprojectionsheldcitywide.LondonEnglandThecapitalisburstingwithholidaycheer.BrightChristmaslightsbrightenupOxfordStreetCoventGardenandCarnabyStreet.SkatingpeoplecangoforaseasonalspininSomersetHouseHydeParkCanaryWharfandtheTowerofLondon.LoveholidaymusicSt.MartinintheFieldshostsaninspiringlineupofChristmasconcertswhileLondonsmostfamousChristmastreeentertainsvisitorsinTrafalgarSquare.PragueCzechRepublicPraguesbeautifularchitectureprovidesadramaticsettingforitsChristmasactivities.AtthefootoftheChurchofOurLadybeforeTyntheOldTownChristmasmarketsellsChristmasgiftsandtreatstothethousandsofshopperswhovisititeachDecember.Carol圣诞颂歌singersperformseasonalfavouriteswhileawelldecoratedChristmastreeaddstothejoyousatmosphere.RovaniemiFinlandForastorybookChristmasRovaniemiinFinlandishardtobeat.Laplandscapitalbeesawinterwonderland.TheareaislitbytheimpressivenorthernlightsandtheycanbewitnessedaroundthecityfrommidAugusttoearlyApril.ThismagicalplaceisalsotheofficialhomeofSantaClaushimselfandvisitorsofallagescanmeeteverythingaboutChristmasatSantaClausVillagerightattheArcticCircle.语篇解读本文是一篇应用文文章介绍了四个风景如画、适合过圣诞节的地方1.WhydoestheauthormentiontheVictorianChristmascardA.ToindicateQuébecCityisbeautiful.B.ToshowitalwayssnowsatChristmas.C.TotellusChristmasisalivelyholiday.D.TosuggestthatwebuyChristmascards.解析选A 细节理解题根据第二段中的“abeautifulVictorianChristmascard”可知,作者提到维多利亚圣诞卡是为了说明魁北克市在圣诞期间非常漂亮2.WherecanyouskateinLondonatChristmasA.InOxfordStreet. B.InCoventGarden.C.InCanaryWharf.D.InTrafalgarSquare.解析选C 细节理解题根据第三段中的“SkatingpeoplecangoforaseasonalspininSomersetHouseHydeParkCanaryWharfandtheTowerofLondon.”可知,在伦敦的CanaryWharf可以溜冰3.WhatmakesaChristmasinPraguemoreattractiveA.Theuniquegiftsofferedtotourists.B.ThegreatarchitectureofPrague.C.TheOldTownChristmasmarket.D.AwelldecoratedChristmastree.解析选B 细节理解题根据第四段中的“PraguesbeautifularchitectureprovidesadramaticsettingforitsChristmasactivities.”可知,捷克共和国的布拉格的建筑使它的圣诞节更有吸引力4.WhatisspecialaboutRovaniemiA.Itssceneryattractsvisitorsofallages.B.Itisawinterwonderlandfullofmagic.C.ItsChristmascelebrationslastlong.D.ItiswhereSantaClausesfrom.解析选D 细节理解题根据最后一段中的“ThismagicalplaceisalsotheofficialhomeofSantaClaushimself”可知,圣诞老人来自芬兰的罗瓦涅米BEightyearsbeforehisdeathin1896AlfredNobelwassurprisedtoreadanobituary讣告inthelocalnewspaper.ThiswasastrangeobituaryforittoldAlfredNobelthemanwhowasreadingitthathewasdead.ThenewspaperhadconfusedAlfredwithhisbrotherLudvigwhohadrecentlydied.Nobelwasshockedtoreadthathehadpassedawayandhewasevenmoreannoyedbythetitleofhisobituary Themerchantofdeathisdead.Alfredwasaveryrichandsuccessfularmamentsmanufacturer武器制造商.Thisincidentgothimthinkingabouthisreputation.WhatwouldpeoplethinkofhimafterhisrealdeathWouldtheyreallysay“Thatwasamanwhoprofitedfromkilling”?Itwasthisthoughtthatledhimtoleavehismoney—ahugeamountofit—forthefoundingofthefamousNobelprizes.Hisaimwasforhismoneytobeusedtosupporttheongoingquest追求forexcellenceinthesciencesandliteratureandtheidealofpeace.Thousandsofmenandwomenhavebeenhonoredsincethefirstawardsweregivenoutin
1901.Theawardslettheworldknowaboutthedevelopmentsthatmayhaveahugeeffectonourlives.Howevertheprizesarecontroversialsometimes.Thereisoftenprotest抗议attheawardofthePeacePrizewhennoteveryonethinksthattheawardwinnersdeservetheaward.Eventheawardforliteraturehassometimesbeencriticizedbecausetheawardmitteeoftenneglectsimportantwriters.ThehighlyinfluentialnovelistsJamesJoyceandMarcelProustforexamplewereneverhonoredbytheSwedishAcademy.Stillforthemostparttheawardsdontcausemanyplaints.AlfredNobelfoundedtheprizestorecognizethosewhohavehad“thegreatestbenefittomankind”andfewwoulddisagreethatmostoftheprizewinners—amongthemAlbertEinsteinandMartinLutherKingJr.—havemadecontributionsthatdeservetobehonoredandremembered.语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文文章主要讲述了诺贝尔奖设立的来历
5.HowdidAlfredNobelfeelwhenhereadtheobituaryinthenewspaperA.Sadandworried.B.Shockedandupset.C.Surprisedandconfused.D.Amusedandpuzzled.解析选B 细节理解题根据第一段第一句可知,当AlfredNobel看到报纸上的这则讣告的时候,非常吃惊根据第二段第一句可知,他不只是吃惊,而且还很生气,故选B6.WhatdidAlfredNobeldecidetodoafterreadingtheobituaryA.Seekexcellenceinthesciences.B.Donateallhismoneytothecharity.C.Stopproducinganykillingweapons.D.SetuptheNobelprizeswithhismoney.解析选D 细节理解题根据第三段中的“Itwasthisthoughtthatledhimtoleavehismoney—ahugeamountofit—forthefoundingofthefamousNobelprizes.”可知,阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔看到这则讣告之后,想了很多,最终决定把他大笔的钱用于设立著名的诺贝尔奖,故选D7.WhydoestheauthormentionJamesJoyceandMarcelProustA.ToshowthecontroversyofsomeNobelprizes.B.TogiveexamplesofinfluentialNobelprizewinners.C.ToexplainthestandardofgivingouttheNobelprizes.D.ToprovetheinfluenceoftheNobelprizesonliterature.解析选A 推理判断题根据第四段第三句“Eventheawardforliteraturehassometimesbeencriticizedbecausetheawardmitteeoftenneglectsimportantwriters.”即便是诺贝尔文学奖有时候也会受到批评,因为奖项委员会经常会忽视重要的作家可知,作者以这两个人为例,是为了说明有时诺贝尔奖是存在争议的8.WhatdoestheauthorthinkoftheNobelprizesA.Thereshouldbemorefemalewinners.B.Therearetoomanycontroversialwinners.C.Theyhavehonoredmanyworthywinners.D.Themitteeshouldbemoreselective.解析选C 观点态度题根据最后一段中的“fewwoulddisagreethatmostoftheprizewinners...deservetobehonoredandremembered”可知,作者认为诺贝尔奖奖励了很多值得赞赏的人,故选CCWhenamathematicsstudentwasexaminedinthehospitalDr.JohnLorberdiscoveredthathehadalmostnobrainatall.Normallytheconditionisquitesevereinthefirstmonthsofbabyhood.Evenwhensomeonesurvivesheorsheisusuallyseriouslydisabled.Somehowthoughthestudenthadlivedaperfectlynormallifeandwentontogainadegreeinmathematics.Thiscaseisbynomeansasrareasitseems.Lorberhasidentified确认severalhundredpeoplewhohaveverysmallbrainsbutwhoappeartobenormallyintelligentpeople.Hedescribessomeofthemashaving“nodetectablebrain”,yettheyhavescoredupto120inIQtests.Nooneknowshowpeoplewith“nodetectablebrain”areabletofunctionatallletalonegraduateinmathematics.Onesuggestionistheoldideathatweonlyuseasmallpercentageofourbrainsanyway—perhapsaslittleas10percent.Butmorerecentresearchshowsthisideaisamisunderstandingdatingfromresearchinthe1930sinwhichthefunctionsoflargeareasofthebraincouldnotbedeterminedandwerenamed“silent”,whileinfacttheyarelinkedwithimportantfunctionslikespeechandabstractthinking.TheotherinterestingthingaboutLorbersfindingsisthattheyremindusofthesecretofmemory.AtfirstitwasthoughtthatthereisapartinthebrainformemorylikethememorychipsinaPC.Butfurtherresearchofthebrainhasturnedupthesurprisingfactthatmemorydoesnotdependonanyparticularareainthebrain.Asonescientistputit“Memoryiseverywhereinthebrainandnowhere.”Butifthebrainisnotaplaceforclassifyingandstoringexperiencesandanalyzingthemtoenableustoliveourlivesthenwhatonearthisthebrainfor?AndwhereistheseatofhumanintelligenceWhereisthemind语篇解读本文是一篇科普类说明文作者从一个“无脑人”案例入手,分析了人类大脑的功能问题9.WhatwillusuallyhappentoaveryyoungbabywithoutbrainA.Itwilldie. B.Itwillsurvive.C.Itwillbeintelligent.D.Itwillbeedisabled.解析选A 推理判断题根据第一段中的第二句和第三句可知,通常情况下,在出生的前几个月里,无脑这种情况是非常严重的,有人即使存活下来,通常也会有严重的残疾由此可知,这种情况的死亡率很高,故选A项10.WhatisthenewfindingofthefunctionsofthebrainA.Muchofthebrainisuseful.B.Thebrainisinfactofnouse.C.ThebraindeterminesonesIQ.D.Onlyasmallpartofthebrainisused.解析选A 细节理解题根据第三段中的第二句可知,旧的观点是我们仅仅用了大脑很小的一部分;但下文对这一观点进行了否定“Butmorerecentresearchshowsthisideaisamisunderstanding...abstractthinking.”,即这种旧观点是一种误解由此可知,我们并非只使用大脑中很小的一部分,而是大脑的大部分区域都跟重要的功能相关联,都是有用的,故选A项11.WhatdoweknowabouttheexistenceofmemoryA.Weuseallofourbrain.B.Wehavememorychips.C.Wearefullyawareofit.D.Wearestillconfusedaboutit.解析选D 推理判断题根据题干中的关键词memory定位到最后两段作者在指出关于人类记忆的两种截然不同的观点之后,连续提出了三个疑问,因此可知我们对于记忆的存在依然是很困惑的,故选D项DBytryingtotickle使发痒ratsandrecordinghowtheirnervecellsrespondShimpeiIshiyamaandhisadviserarediscoveringamysterythathaspuzzledthinkerssinceAristotleexpectedthathumansgiventheirthinskinanduniqueabilitytolaughweretheonlyticklishanimals.ItturnsoutthatAristotlewaswrong.IntheirstudypublishedonThursdayIshiyamaandhisadviserMichaelBrechtfoundthatratssqueakedandjumpedwithpleasurewhentickledontheirbacksandbellies.Thesesignsofjoychangedaccordingtotheirmoods.Andforthefirsttimetheydiscoveredaspecialgroupofnervecells.Thesenervecellsmadethisfeelingsopowerfulthatitcausesaratbeingtickledtolosecontrol.TomakesurethathehadindeedfoundaplaceinthebrainwhereticklingwasprocessedIshiyamathenstimulated刺激thatareawithelectricalcurrents.Theratsbegantojumplikerabbitsandsinglikebirds.“Itstrulygroundbreaking,”saidJeffreyBurgdorfaneuroscientistatNorthwesternUniversitywhoreviewedthepaper.“Ittakesthestudyofemotiontoanewlevel.”Burgdorfhasplayedacentralroleinourunderstandingofanimaltickling.Hewaspartofateamthatfirstnoticedinthelate1990sthatratsmadespecialnoiseswhentheywereexperiencingsocialpleasure.Othershadalreadynotedthatratsrepeatedlymadeshortandhighsoundsduringmeals.ButthelabwhereBurgdorfworkednoticedthattheyemittedsimilarsoundswhileplaying.Andsoonedaytheseniorscientistinthelabsaid,“Letsgoandticklesomerats.”Theyquicklyfoundthatthosecriesofpleasuredoubled.“Theauthorshavebeenveryadventurous,”saidDanielOConnoraneuroscientistatJohnsHopkinsUniversity.Tohimthatfindingwasverysurprising.“Whydoestheworldliterallyfeeldifferentwhenyouarestressedout?”hesaid.“Thisisthefirststeptowardsansweringthatquestion.Itgivesusawaytoapproachitwithexperimentalrigor严谨.”语篇解读本文是一篇说明文文中科学家通过刺激老鼠来记录它们的神经细胞的反应,所得出的结论将对情绪的研究提升到了一个全新的高度12.WhatcontributedtohumansbeingticklishaccordingtoAristotleA.Theirspecialskin. B.Theirsocialpleasure.C.Theirnervoussystem.D.Theirwillingnesstotouch.解析选A 细节理解题根据第一段中的“sinceAristotleexpectedthathumansgiventheirthinskinanduniqueabilitytolaughweretheonlyticklishanimals”可知,亚里士多德认为人类由于其皮肤薄,而且有独特的笑的能力而成为唯一怕痒的动物,故选A项13.WhichofthefollowingstatementswillJeffreyBurgdorfagreewithA.Theresearchprocessisfullofrisks.B.Thefindingofthestudyissurprisingandunbelievable.C.Thenewdiscoveryisbeneficialforthestudyofemotion.D.Thefindingofthestudyactuallycontradictsmodernscience.解析选C 推理判断题根据第四段中的“Ittakesthestudyofemotiontoanewlevel.”可知,这项研究成果把对情绪的研究提升到了一个全新的高度,显然,这对情绪的研究是有益处的故选C项14.Theunderlinedword“squeaked”inParagraph2maybereplacedby“________”.A.gaveasmile B.madeanoiseC.burstintotearsD.watchedwithstaringeyes解析选B 词义猜测题根据该词后面的“jumpedwithpleasurewhentickledontheirbacksandbellies”可知,当在老鼠的背部和腹部挠痒痒的时候,它们会高兴地跳起来,再结合第三段中的“Theratsbegantojumplikerabbitsandsinglikebirds.”可知,此处是“发出声音”,故选B项15.WhatisthebesttitleforthetextA.TheLifeofRatsB.HowRatsLaughC.AWonderfulScientistD.ANewDiscoveryaboutRats解析选D 标题归纳题根据全文内容可知,文章主要讲述了一项关于老鼠的新发现故选D项Ⅱ.阅读七选五Amandaisagoodstudentwhosefavouritesubjectismathbutshesfacinganotherkindofproblem:cancer.Shewasdiagnosed诊断whenshewas
11.__1__“Thedoctorwasgreatregretfulabouttellingmewhatthediseasewasandwhattoexpect,”shesays.“TheonlythingthatreallygottomewaswhenshesaidIdlosemyhair.”SureenoughafterthetreatmenttokillthecancercellsAmandaslonghairbegantofallout.BecauseshehasverylittlehairAmandanoticesthatstrangersoftenstareather.__2__“Istillplaywithmyfriends,”shesays“butwehavetobemorecarefulnowbecauseoftheriskofinfection感染.Andwemostlyplayinmyhouse.”WhileshesbeingtreatedAmandacantgotosomeofherfavouriteplacesordosomeofherfavouritethings__3__Shecantswim.Shesalsonotallowedtolieinthesun.ForAmandathehardestpartabouthavingcancerisnotbeingabletobeassocialasshewouldliketobe.__4__Insteadshestaughtprivately个人地athome.Rightnowshesmakingthemostofhertimeathome.Shesoptimistic乐观的aboutthefutureandlooksforwardtofeelingbetter.MeanwhileAmandasaysitsimportanttoletothersknowthatshesthesamepersonshesalwaysbeen.“Afterall,”shesays“youjustlosesomething.__5__”A.Itdoesntmeanyouloseeverything.B.Butherfriendsareusedtohernewlook.C.Amandawasbravewhensheheardthenews.D.Shecantgotothemallorgotodancinglessons.E.Thenshesawhowupsetherparentswereandshewasafraid.F.Beforeshestartedfeelingsickshewasjustlikeallherfriends.G.BecauseshemightgetsickfromtheotherchildrenAmandacantattendschool.语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文文章介绍了勇敢的女孩阿曼达,她身患癌症却依然坚强面对1.选C 根据后面她说的话可知当医生告诉她病情的时候,她并没有感到非常害怕,只是提到要失去头发这件事情时,她才感到伤心,可推知她非常勇敢故选C项2.选B 前面提到陌生人因为她头发少而注视她,而后面提到朋友仍然和她一起玩,可知朋友们已经习惯了她的状况故选B项3.选D 前面一句说她不能去一些最喜欢的地方,也不能做一些最喜欢做的事情空格后的一句话是在说她不能做的事情,故此处填她不能去的地方,故选D项4.选G 上一句说到她不能进行正常的社交活动,下文就要解释为什么不能进行社交活动,故选G,解释原因5.选A 根据前一句“你失去了一些东西”,可知接下来要说,“但是你没有失去一切”。