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Module4WhichEnglish[一积词汇见多识广] [课内单词回扣]一阅读词汇写其义1.inlandadj. 内地的;内陆的 2.campaignn. 战役;活动3.dustn.沙尘;灰尘4.coastaladj.沿海的5.cyclevi.骑自行车6.maskn.面罩7.carbonn.碳8.meltvi.融化二表达词汇写其形1.massadj.大量的;大规模的2.processn.进程;过程3.forecastvt.预报;预告4.atmospheren.大气;大气层5.chemicaln.化学药品6.environmentn.环境7.garbagen.废料;垃圾8.scaryadj.恐怖的;吓人的9.recyclev.重新利用;再循环10.absolutelyadv.绝对地;完全地三拓展词汇灵活用*
1.frighteningadj.吓人的;可怕的→frightenedadj.受惊的;害怕的→frightenvt.惊吓;使害怕→frightn.恐惧;害怕
2.evidencen.根据;证明→evidentadj.明显的;显然的
3.majoradj.主要的;多数的→majorityn.大多数*
4.urgentadj.紧急的→urgev.催促;极力主张→urgencyn.紧急;紧急情况
5.pollutevt.污染→pollutionn.污染
6.plainvi.抱怨;发牢骚→plaintn.抱怨
7.protectionn.保护→protectv.保护*
8.strengthn.力量;力气→strengthenv.加强;增强;巩固→strongadj.强壮的;强烈的→stronglyadv.强壮地;强烈地*
9.concernedadj.关心的;担心的;有关的→concernn.关心;担心vt.使关心;使担心→concerningprep.关于用上面标注*的单词的正确形式填空1.Davidhasastrongbody.Hehasthestrengthtodothishardwork.Wehadbetterstrengthentherelationshipwithhim.strength2.Theteacherurgedthatthestudentsshouldbetaughthowtotakeurgentactioninurgency.urge3.Thefrighteningscenefrightenedtheboy.Hefeltfrightenedbuthetriedtohidehisfright.fright4.Thepublichaveshowngreatconcernaboutthefoodsafetybecauseitconcernsthepeopleshealth.Itishopedthattheauthoritiesconcernedcanreallydosomethingabouttheissueconcerningthepublichealth.concern[话题单词积累]1.ecology/IkɒlədʒI/n. 生态2.noisy/nɒIzI/adj.嘈杂的;喧闹的3.smelly/smelI/adj.有臭味的4.radiation/reIdIeIʃən/n.放射,放射物5.emission/ImIʃən/n.排放6.rubbish/rʌbIʃ/n.垃圾;废物7.litter/lItə/n.垃圾;废物8.forbid/fəbId/vt.禁止9.ban/bæn/vt.禁止10.permit/pəmIt/vt.n.许可,允许11.reduce/rIdjuːs/v.减少12.prevent/prIvent/v.阻止,防止,预防13.advocate/ædvəkeIt/vt.拥护,支持,提倡14.conservation/kɒnsəveIʃən/n.保存,保护,管理15.replace/rIpleIs/vt.取代16.substitute/sʌbstItjuːt/v.取代17.effort/efət/n.努力18.expectation/ekspekteIʃən/n.预料;期望19.purpose/pɜːpəs/n.目的,意图20.responsibility/rIˌspɒnsəbIlətI/n.责任,负责21.challenge/tʃælIndʒ/n.挑战性22.challenging/tʃælIndʒIŋ/adj.具有挑战性的23.pour/pɔː/v.倒,倾泻24.sort/sɔːt/v.分类25.extreme/Ikstriːm/adj.极端的26.waste/weIst/n.废料;垃圾27.renewable/rInjuːəbəl/adj.可再生的28.balance/bæləns/n.平衡29.abuse/əbjuːz/vt.滥用30.sustainable/səsteInəbəl/adj.可持续的[二积短语顿挫抑扬] [课内短语回扣]一根据汉语写出下列短语*
1.cut_down 砍倒;削减;减少*
2.be_caught_in突然遭遇风暴等*
3.one_after_another一个接一个地
4.have_a_bad_effect_on对……有坏影响
5.wake_up_to醒来面对;意识到*
6.take_in吸收;欺骗;理解*
7.give_out放出;发出
8.cant_help_but不得不
9.in_a_nutshell简言之;概括地讲*
10.look_through浏览;翻阅;快速查看二用上面标注*的短语完成下列句子1.Withmoreandmoreforestscut_down_largequantitiesofsoilarebeingwashedaway.2.NotonlyIbutalsoJaneandMaryaretiredofhavingtheexamone_after_another.3.SomeoneknockedatthedoorwhenMrYangwaslooking_throughtheeveningnewspaper.4.Tonycouldnttake_intheknowledgetheteacherhadtaughthimatall.Itwastoodifficultforhim.5.Hewas_caught_inaheavyrainsohewaslateforwork.6.Itmaygive_outpoisonousgasessoyoumustbecarefulwithit.[话题短语积累]1.letoffwastewater 排放废水2.prevent/protect...from阻止/保护……3.keepthebalanceof...保持……的平衡4.attachgreatimportanceto十分重视5.useup/runoutof用光,耗尽6.livealowcarbonlife过低碳生活7.playanimportantpartin在……中起重要作用8.throwaway丢弃9.arousepeoplesawarenessofenvironmentalprotection提高人们的环保意识10.fightagainst与……作斗争11.dealwith处理12.participatein参与13.carryout开展;实施14.makejointefforts共同努力15.takeaction采取行动16.beharmfulto/doharmto对……有害17.callfor要求;提倡;邀请18.inchargeof负责19.callon/appealtosb.todosth.号召/呼吁某人做某事20.thereisnodenying/doubtthat...毫无疑问;毋庸置疑[三积句式写作扮靓] [课内句式仿写]1.so...that...引导结果状语从句[例句] Theyareoftensothickthatyoucannotseethesunandthewindissometimesstrongenoughtomovesanddunes.[仿写] 他们问了许许多多的环境问题,我确实都回答不上来Theyaskedso_many_environmental_questions_thatIcouldntanswerallofthemindeed.2.makeit+adj./n.+todo...[例句] Thestormssometimescontinuealldayandtrafficmovesveryslowlybecausethethickdustmakesitdifficulttosee.[仿写] 她说睡前的这些活动让孩子十分兴奋,这让他们平静下来睡觉就十分困难2017·浙江高考Shesaystheseactivitiesatbedtimecangetkidsallexcitedandmake_it_hard_for_them_to_calm_down_and_sleep.3.if引导的条件状语从句中的省略[例句] Thegarbageisthentakenawayandifpossiblerecycled.[仿写] 如果可能的话,我出差去上海时会探望我的叔叔If_possible_IwillvisitmyunclewhenIgotoShanghaionbusiness.[话题佳句背诵]1.Manypeopleworrythatourenergywillrunoutquicklyifweuseitinanuncheckedway. 许多人担心,如果不控制能源的使用的话,我们的能源将会很快被耗尽2.Plentyofrubbishandwastewaterarebeingpouredintotherivers;asaconsequencewatersourceshavebeebadlypolluted.大量的垃圾和废水正涌入河流,结果,水源被严重污染3.Thereisnodoubtthattheearthisbeingwarmerandthatitishumanactivitiesthathavecausedthisglobalwarming.毫无疑问,地球正变得更加暖和,全球变暖正是人类活动所致4.Havingrealizedthegreatharmcausedbythehazeandtheimportanceofprotectingtheenvironmentpeoplealloverthecountryaretakingmeasurestoreducethehazyweather.由于意识到了雾霾造成的严重危害和保护环境的重要性,全国人民正采取措施减少雾霾天气[四背语段语感流畅] Wehumanbeingshavecausedgreatdamagetoourenvironmentwhichhasabadeffectonourexistence.Moreandmorepeoplehaverealizedthisproblemandplainedaboutit.Thereforeprotectingtheenvironmenthasbeeamajorconcernofthesociety.AsfarasImconcernedforourfuturewecandonothingbutprotectourenvironment.Itisurgenttoarousepeoplesawarenessofenvironmentalprotection.Thereisnodenyingthatweshouldmakejointeffortstowinthecampaignofprotectingtheenvironment.我们人类已经对环境造成了巨大的损害,这种损害对我们的生存有很坏的影响越来越多的人已经意识到了这种问题并为此而抱怨因此,保护环境已成为社会的一个主要关注点在我看来,为了我们的未来,我们只能保护我们的环境,当务之急是提高人们的环保意识毋庸置疑,我们应该共同努力赢得保护环境的战役[第一板块 重点词汇突破] [师生共研词汇]1.strengthn.力量;力气;长处;优势;强度[教材原句] TheChineseCentralWeatherStationcanforecastasandstormsomeweeksbeforeitarrivesinBeijingbutthestrengthofthestormsometimessurprisespeople.中国中央气象台能够在沙尘暴到达北京前几周预测到,但是有时沙尘暴的强度还是令人吃惊1havethestrengthtodosth. 有力量/意志做某事builduponesstrength增强某人的体质strengthsandweaknesses优势和劣势withallonesstrength用全力2strongadj.坚强的;强壮的;强烈的3strengthenvt.增强;加强;巩固
①SummermakesmefullofenergyandIfeelIhavethestrengthto_dodothemostdifficultthingsinmylife.2016·四川高考书面表达夏天使我精力充沛,我感觉我有力量做生活中最困难的事情
②Tomakemembersofateamperformbetterthetrainerfirstofallhastoknowtheirstrengths_and_weaknesses.为了使队员在比赛中表现得更好,教练首先必须了解他们的优势和劣势
③Hehasbeendoingweighttrainingto_build_up_his_strength.他一直在进行举重训练以增强体质
④Oneideaisthatsleephelpsusstrengthenstrengthnewmemories.2017·北京高考一种观点是睡眠帮助我们加强新的记忆力2.concernedadj.关心的;担心的;有关的[教材原句] Icanthelpbutfeelveryconcerned.我禁不住感到很担心1beconcernedwith... 与……有关,涉及beconcernedabout/for...关心/担心……beconcernedin...有牵连;与……有关系beconcernedthat...担心……asfaras...beconcerned就……而言/来说2concernn.关注;担心;利害关系 vt.使担忧;涉及;关系到show/expressonesconcernabout/for对……表示关心/担心3concerningprep.关于;涉及
①Manyparentsare_concerned_thatsomeTVprogramswillhaveabadinfluenceonthedevelopmentoftheirchildren.许多家长担心一些电视节目会对孩子的成长有坏的影响
②As_far_as_Im_concerned_everysummerIstayatmyuncleshouseinthecountryforthreeweeksandenjoyawonderfullifethere.2016·四川高考书面表达就我而言,每年夏天我会有三周的时间待在乡下叔叔的家中,过着非常舒心的日子
③Iamwritingtoseeifitispossibleforyoutoprovidemewithinformationconcerningconcerntheclub.我写信是想知道你是否可能提供给我有关该俱乐部的信息[名师指津] concerned作形容词时,意为“关心的,挂念的,担心的”,充当前置定语;表示“相关的,有关的”,作定语时要后置例如aconcernedlook“关切的神色”;theauthoritiesconcerned“有关部门”3.urgentadj.紧急的;迫切的[教材原句] Whatisthemosturgentproblemofall所有问题中最紧急的是什么?1inurgentneedof 急需2urgevt.催促;极力主张n.冲动;强烈的愿望;迫切的要求urgesb.todosth./intodoingsth.力劝/敦促某人做某事urgethat...强烈要求;极力主张[从句谓语动词用should+动词原形]3urgencyn.紧急;紧急情况urgentlyadv.紧急地;急切地
①Ourteacherurgesusto_studystudyhardwiththeCollegeEntranceExaminationdrawingnear.随着高考的临近,老师敦促我们努力学习
②Thepeopleintheearthquakestrickenareaarein_urgent_need_offoodmedicineandshelters.地震灾区的人们急需食品、药品和住宿的地方
③Itisstronglyurgedbystudentsthatthelibraryshould_be_keptkeepopenduringtheweekend.学生们极力主张图书馆周末也开放4.plainv.抱怨;发牢骚;投诉[教材原句] Hedoesnothingbutplain.他除了抱怨什么事也没做1plaintosb.of/aboutdoingsth. 向某人投诉/抱怨做某事;向某人发牢骚plaintosb.that...向某人抱怨……2plaintn.抱怨;投诉;控告makeaplaintabout/ofsth.抱怨/投诉某事makeaplainttosb.向某人抱怨/投诉
①Sheplainedtousthatnoonehadbeenattheairporttomeether.她向我们抱怨说没人去机场接她
②Severalpassengersplainedtotheairpanyabout/ofthebadserviceontheflight.几名旅客向航空公司抱怨飞机上的服务差
③Ifyouwishtomakeaplaintplainaboutthatyoushouldgotoseethemanager.如果你要对此投诉,你应该去见经理[词汇过关练]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.AfterthreehourswalkinthesunIdidnthavethestrengthto_walkwalkanyfurther.2.Thingsaregettingworseandworsewhichmakesusreallyconcernedaboutthecooperationwiththeforeignpanies.3.2017·天津高考Theideathatthegovernmentwouldtakeoverdriverlesscarsandtreatthemasapublicgoodwouldgetabsolutelyabsolutenowherehere.4.Theriskofairpollutionpolluteismuchgreaterthanwepreviouslythought.5.Thereisconvincingevidenceevidentthatlisteningtoloudmusiccandogreatharmtoourhearing.6.Itisurgentthatfoodandclothingshould_be_sentsendtothesufferers.7.HespenthisundergraduatedaysinColumbiaUniversitymajoringmajorineconomics.8.MaybeallAmericansrealizethatwhoevertheyexpecttobethenextpresidentwillfacemassesofproblems.9.HelloImcallingtoplainabout/ofoneofyoursalesstaff.10.Pleasepayattentiontothesedangerouschemicalschemistrywhenyouaredoingtheexperiment.Ⅱ.单句改错1.Thepublicurgedthatthegovernmentmusttakemeasurestopreventsuchcasesfromhappeningagain.去掉must或must→should2.Ourgovernmentisdeterminedtosolvethoseproblemsthatfarmersaremostconcerned.concerned后加about或for3.Thegoodshavebeenreceivedbutwehavetomakeaplainaboutpackingthoughweregrettodoso.plain→plaint4.Properexercisecanbuilduponesstrengthsandreducediseases.strengths→strength5.WhenthefirebrokeoutintheshipSallywasfrighteningoutofherwits.frightening→frightenedⅢ.单句写作一句多译1.人们向我抱怨他们得不到足够的信息
①Peopleplain_to_me_that_they_dont_getenoughinformation.plaintosb.that
②Peopleplain_to_me_about_not_gettingenoughinformation.plaintosb.about
③Peoplemake_a_plaint_to_me_that_they_dont_getenoughinformation.plaint2.就我来说,只有平时努力学习,你才能最终获得成功
①As_far_as_Im_concerned_onlybystudyinghardatordinarytimecanyousucceedeventually.concerned
②In_my_opinion_onlybystudyinghardatordinarytimecanyousucceedeventually.opinion3.为上课做准备,我强烈建议你们多阅读
①InpreparationforlecturesI_strongly_urge_you_to_do_some_reading.urgesb.todo
②InpreparationforlecturesI_strongly_urge_you_into_doing_some_reading.urgesb.intodoing
③InpreparationforlecturesI_strongly_urge_that_you_should_do_some_reading.urgethat[第二板块 短语、句式突破] 1.cutdown砍倒;削减;减少;缩小尺寸、数量;驳倒;杀死;夺去……的生命[教材原句] Desertsarealsocreatedbecausepeoplecutdowntreesanddigupgrass.人们砍伐树木和铲除草地也会导致沙漠的形成[一词多义] 写出下列句中cutdown的含义
①Everyoneofuscanmakeagreatefforttocutdowntheuseofenergyinourcountry.减少;削减
②Immediateactionsshouldbetakenlikestoppingcuttingdowntreestobettertheenvironment.砍倒
③Hungercoldandillnesscutdownmanyofthevillagers.夺去……的生命cutdownon 减少;削减cut...downto把……削减到cutin插嘴;打断谈话;插进cutoff切断,中断;隔绝cutout删除;切下cutup切碎;齐根切掉
④Weneedtocut_the_article_down_to1000words.我们要把这篇文章压缩到1000字
⑤Itisimpoliteforchildrento_cut_inwhentheirseniorsaretalking.孩子们在他们的长辈谈话时插嘴讲话是不礼貌的
⑥Whentheirchildrenlivedfarawayfromthemtheseoldpeoplefeltcutofffromtheworld.2016·浙江高考单选当孩子们住得离他们很远时,这些老年人就感觉是与世隔绝了2.takein吸收,吸入;收留,留宿;包括,包含;理解,领会;欺骗,上当;改小[教材原句] Treestakeincarbondioxideandgiveoutoxygen. 树木吸收二氧化碳并释放氧气[一词多义] 写出下列句中takein的含义
①TheUnitedKingdomtakesinEnglandWalesScotlandandNorthernIreland.包括
②Dontbetakeninbyproductspromisingtomakeyouloseweightquickly.欺骗;上当
③ItwasseveralminutesbeforeIcouldtakeinwhathewassaying.理解;领会
④Hewashomelesssowetookhimin.收留;留宿
⑤Themorefatyoutakeinbeforebedtimethegreaterburdenyouwillputonyourbodyatnight.2016·四川高考吸收takeaway 拿走takeback取回;收回takedown取下来;拆掉;记下takeon雇用;呈现takeover接管;占领;控制takeup拿起;接受;占据;开始做;从事
⑥HebeingawayIhadtotakeoverhiswork.他不在,我不得不接管他的工作
⑦Someresearchhasindicatedthatunemployedworkersshouldtakeupanyjobtheycangetincludingtemporaryworkasabridgetowellpaidemployment.一些研究表明,失业工人应该从事他们能找到的任何工作,包括临时工作,以此作为找到高薪工作的桥梁3.lookthrough浏览;翻阅;翻找;审核[教材原句] Lookthroughthereadingpassagesandactivitiesinthismodule.浏览本模块中的阅读短文和活动内容lookaround 环视,四下张望lookbackonsth.回顾,回想某事;回头看lookdownon/upon看不起,轻视lookinto朝里看;调查;深入了解lookout当心,注意lookup抬头看;查找;查出;查阅lookupto尊敬;仰慕;钦佩
①Youmustlookthroughthesebillsandcheckthembeforeyoupaythem.你必须在付款前审查和核对一下这些账目
②Looking_back_onmychildhoodIamconvincedthatnaturalistsarebornandnotmade.回顾我的童年,我坚信自然学家是天生的而不是培养出来的
③TerrypleaselookupfromyourcellphonewhenGrandmaistalkingtoyou.2014·安徽高考单选特里,当奶奶和你说话的时候请不要看着你的手机4.Thegarbageisthentakenawayandif_possible_recycled.然后垃圾被带走,如果可能的话会进行回收利用此处ifpossible相当于ifitispossible,属于省略句,常在句中作插入语,起补充说明的作用1在ifwhenwhileonceunless等引导的状语从句中如果谓语动词含有be的某种形式,且从句的主语与主句的主语一致或从句的主语是it时,从句的主语和be动词可以省略2if引导的省略形式,作为固定用法的有以下几种ifever 如果曾经有的话ifnot如果不这样的话ifany如果有的话ifso如果是这样的话ifnecessary如果需要的话
①Ifinterestedinterestinitpleasesendyourinformationto123456@sina..2017·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达如果有兴趣,请把你的信息发送到123456@sina.
②Shegavemeafortingsmilenoddedwhilelisteninglistenpatiently.2016·全国卷Ⅱ她耐心地倾听,点点头,给我一个令人欣慰的微笑
③Heisonlytooreadytohelpothersseldomif_ever_refusingthemwhentheyturntohim.他非常乐意帮助别人,当别人求助于他的时候,他很少,如果曾经有过的话,拒绝他们[短语、句式过关练]Ⅰ.cut短语填空1.TraditionallyChinesepeoplecut_outtheChinesecharactersDoubleHappinessandstickthemontowallsordoorsforweddings.2.Myunclehasntbeenabletoquitsmokingbutatleasthehascut_down.3.Wewerecut_offinthemiddleofourtelephoneconversationbecausemycellphonewasoutofpower.4.IwishMariewouldstopcutting_inonourconversationallthetime.Ⅱ.take短语填空1.IlistenedtothespeechcarefullybutIstillcouldnttake_in.2.IknowhowbusyyoumustbeandnaturallyIwouldntwanttotake_uptoomuchofyourtime.3.Ifyoudonottake_backwhatyousaid,Ishallnotspeaktoyouagain.4.ItwasduringtheMingDynastythattheGreatWallwasrepairedandextendedtotake_ontheappearanceithastoday.5.Thepanywasingoodconditionwhenitwastaken_overbyhisson.Ⅲ.look短语填空1.Ifyoudontknowthemeaningofawordlookitupinthedictionary.2.Thegovernmentwilllook_intohowtoreduceunemployment.3.Justlook_throughthefirstandlastparagraphandyouwillseewhatitismainlyabout.4.Look_outwhenyourecrossingthestreet.Ⅳ.运用所学短语完成下面语段Theseyearsthey
1.are_often_caught_in经常遭遇sandstorms.WhyBecausealotoftreeshavebeen
2.cut_down砍倒.Treesdoalotofgoodtotheenvironment.They
3.take_in吸收carbondioxideand
4.give_out放出oxygen.
5.In_a_nutshell简言之ifwekeepon
6.cutting_down砍伐treessandstormsarelikelytoe
7.one_after_another一个接一个地.Ⅴ.句型转换1.Oncehewasintheexaminationhallheforgoteverything.→Once_in_the_examination_hall_heforgoteverything.2.Shehurtherleftlegwhileshewasplayingfootball.→Shehurtherleftlegwhileplaying_football.3.Unlessitisnecessaryyoudbetternotrefertothedictionary.→Unless_necessary_youdbetternotrefertothedictionary.4.IfitispossibleIwouldliketohavetwocopiesofit.→If_possible_Iwouldliketohavetwocopiesofit.提能一 用课文词汇写高分作文processconcernedcampaignplainenvironmentpolluteurgentcitizenprotectiontakeincutdowngiveout1.补全要点句“黑体”部分选用上面方框中的单词或短语
①在发展经济的过程中,我们一直在污染环境Intheprocessofdevelopingeconomywehavebeenpollutingtheenvironment.
②因为污染,我们几乎不能呼吸到新鲜的空气Becauseofpollution_wecanseldombreathefreshair.
③大多数市民关心环境保护Mostofcitizensareconcernedabouttheenvironmentalprotection.
④抱怨目前的紧迫形势没用Itsnouseplainingaboutthepresenturgentsituation.
⑤我们应该发起一项活动来提高人们的环保意识Weshouldlaunchacampaigntoraisepeoplesawarenessofenvironmentalprotection.
⑥我们应该关闭排放废物的工厂Weshouldclosefactorieswhichgive_outpollutedwaste.
⑦如果可能的话,我们应该栽种更多的树木来吸收二氧化碳而不是砍伐Ifitispossibleweshouldplantmoretreestotake_inCO2ratherthancutthemdown.
⑧尽管改变这种情况会是一个缓慢的过程,但我们有信心我们能够成功Althoughgettingitchangedisaslowprocess_weareconfidentthatwecanmakeit.2.升级平淡句1用it作形式宾语改写句
②Pollution_often_makes_it_hard_for_us_to_breathe_fresh_air.2用if引导的状语从句的省略形式改写句
⑦If_possible_we_should_plant_more_trees_to_take_in_CO2_rather_than_cut_them_down.3.衔接成语篇注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇fortunatelybutasfarasImconcernedbesidesinanutshellIntheprocessofdevelopingeconomywehavebeenpollutingtheenvironment.Pollutionoftenmakesithardforustobreathefreshair.Fortunatelymostofcitizensareconcernedabouttheenvironmentalprotection.Butitsnouseplainingaboutthepresenturgentsituation.AsfarasImconcernedweshouldlaunchacampaigntoraisepeoplesawarenessofenvironmentalprotection.Weshouldclosefactorieswhichgiveoutpollutedwaste.BesidesifpossibleweshouldplantmoretreestotakeinCO2ratherthancutthemdown.Inanutshellalthoughgettingitchangedisaslowprocessweareconfidentthatwecanmakeit.提能二 用课文句型解构高考长难句 [本单元突破点——定语从句+时间状语从句+原因状语从句]经典例句比较分析真题尝试翻译课文长难句Thisisaprocessthathappenswhenlandbeesdesertbecauseofclimatechangesandbecausepeoplecutdowntreesanddigupgrass.that引导定语从句修饰先行词process,并在从句中作主语;when引导时间状语从句;because引导原因状语从句这些无休止地困扰着我,因为当专家们正忙着辩论哪个选择最好时,那些想改善自己生活的人们却被所有这些相互矛盾的信息所困扰着真题长难句Thisupsetsmetonoendbecausewhilealltheexpertsarebusydebatingaboutwhichoptionisbestthepeoplewhowanttoimprovetheirlivesareleftconfusedbyalloftheconflictinginformation.2014·全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解Cbecause引导原因状语从句;while引导时间状语从句;who引导定语从句并在从句中作主语“自然灾害”是高中新课程标准24个话题之一——“自然与环境”中的一个子话题,也是高考常考的一个热点话题“自然灾害”是人类依赖的自然界中所发生的异常现象,且对人类社会造成了危害的现象或事件自然灾害之中既有地震、火山爆发、泥石流、海啸、台风、龙卷风、洪水等突发性灾害;也有地面沉降、土地沙漠化、干旱、海岸线变化等在较长时间后才能逐渐显现的渐变性灾害;还有臭氧层变化、水体污染、水土流失、酸雨等人类活动导致的环境灾害我们需要认识这些灾害的发生、发展以及尽可能减少它们所造成的危害此话题多在阅读理解、书面表达题型中考查
一、话题与语篇[考题示例] 2016·北京高考阅读BSurvivingHurricaneSandy飓风桑迪
[1]NatalieDoan14hasalwaysfeltluckytoliveinRockawayNewYork.LivingjustafewblocksfromthebeachNataliecanseetheoceanandhearthewavesfromherhouse.“ItstheoceanthatmakesRockawaysospecial,”shesays.
[2]OnOctober292012thatoceanturnedfierce.ThatnightHurricaneSandyattackedtheEastCoastandRockawaywashitespeciallyhard.FortunatelyNataliesfamilyescapedtoBrooklynshortlybeforethecitysbridgesclosed.
[3]WhentheyreturnedtoRockawaythenextdaytheyfoundtheirneighborhoodinruins.ManyofNataliesfriendshadlosttheirhomesandwerelivingfaraway.Allaroundherpeopleweresufferingespeciallytheelderly.NataliesschoolwassodamagedthatshehadtotemporarilyattendaschoolinBrooklyn.
[4]InthefollowingfewdaysthemenandwomenhelpingRockawayrecoverinspiredNatalie.Volunteerscamewithcarloadsofdonatedclothingandtoys.Neighborsdevotedtheirsparetimetohelpingothersrebuild.Teenagersclimbeddozensofflightsofstairstodeliverwaterandfoodtoelderlypeopletrappedinpowerlesshighrisebuildings.
[5]“MymomtellsmethatIcantcontrolwhathappenstome,”Nataliesays“butIcanalwayschoosehowIdealwithit.”
[6]Natalieschoicewastohelp.
[7]Shecreatedawebsitepagematchingsurvivorsinneedwithdonorswhowantedtohelp.NataliepostedinformationaboutaboynamedPatrickwholosthisbaseballcardcollectionwhenhishouseburneddown.WithindaysPatrickscollectionwasreplaced.
[8]Intheingmonthsherwebsitepagehelpedlotsofkids:Christopherwhoreceivedanewbasketball;Charliewhogotanewkeyboard.NataliealsoworkedwithotherorganizationstobringmuchneededsuppliestoRockaway.Hereffortsmadeherafamousperson.LastAprilshewasinvitedtotheWhiteHouseandhonoredasaHurricaneSandyChampionofChange.
[9]Todaythescars创痕ofdestructionarestillseeninRockawaybuthopeisintheair.Thestreetsareclearandmanyhomeshavebeenrebuilt.“IcantimaginelivinganywherebutRockaway,”Nataliedeclares.“Myneighborhoodwillbebackevenstrongerthanbefore.”1.WhenNataliereturnedtoRockawayafterthehurricaneshefound________.A.somefriendshadlosttheirlivesB.herneighborhoodwasdestroyedC.herschoolhadmovedtoBrooklynD.theelderlywerefreefromsuffering2.AccordingtoParagraph4whoinspiredNataliemostA.ThepeoplehelpingRockawayrebuild.B.Thepeopletrappedinhighrisebuildings.C.Thevolunteersdonatingmoneytosurvivors.D.Localteenagersbringingclothingtoelderlypeople.3.HowdidNataliehelpthesurvivorsA.Shegavehertoystootherkids.B.Shetookcareofyoungerchildren.C.ShecalledontheWhiteHousetohelp.D.Shebuiltaninformationsharingplatform.4.WhatdoesthestoryintendtotellusA.Littlepeoplecanmakeabigdifference.B.Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.C.Eastorwesthomeisbest.D.Technologyispower.[策略指导] 一这样读文第1步宏观把握文章大意分层抓关键句概括层意行文结构第1段第1段画波浪线部分介绍人物、地点按时间顺序第2段第2段画波浪线部分说明时间、事件第3段第3段画波浪线部分灾难后果第4段第4段画波浪线部分各种援助第5~8段第6段画波浪线部分娜塔莉的帮助第9段第9段画波浪线部分结果第2步微观突破理解障碍[自主翻译] 娜塔莉居住的地方离海边仅有几个街区,所以她能够看到大海也能够从家中听到涛声[自主翻译] 由于断电很多老人被困在高层建筑中,孩子们爬上几十层楼梯给他们送去水和食物二这样做题[名师解题]1.细节理解题选B 根据第三段中的“ManyofNataliesfriendshadlosttheirhomesandwerelivingfaraway.”可知,A项错误;根据“NataliesschoolwassodamagedthatshehadtotemporarilyattendaschoolinBrooklyn.”可知,学校没有搬走,她只是暂时去布鲁克林上学,C项错误;根据“peopleweresufferingespeciallytheelderly”可知,D项错误;根据“WhentheyreturnedtoRockawaythenextdaytheyfoundtheirneighborhoodinruins.”可知,他们的街区被飓风毁了,故选B2.细节理解题选A 根据第四段第一句“InthefollowingfewdaysthemenandwomenhelpingRockawayrecoverinspiredNatalie.”可知,是那些帮助洛克威重建的人给了娜塔莉最大的鼓舞B、C、D三项为“张冠李戴”型错误3.细节理解题选D 根据第七段第一句“Shecreatedawebsitepagematchingsurvivorsinneedwithdonorswhowantedtohelp.”可知,娜塔莉创办了一个网站与公众分享信息,以帮助那些需要帮助的人A项为“张冠李戴”型错误;B项为“无中生有”型错误;C项为“曲解文意”型错误4.写作意图题选A 根据倒数第二段的最后一句可知,娜塔莉的助人行为得到了社会的认可和赞扬,说明小人物也可以有大作为B、C两项为“无中生有”型错误;D项为“曲解文意”型错误[阅读理解系列技法11] 联系生活实际,判断写作意图写作意图题要求考生根据文章的论述,推测作者的写作意图及运用某种写作手法的目的作者一般不直接陈述自己的意图,而是通过文章所提供的事实,客观地使读者信服某种想法或意见不同的文章可能有不同的写作意图,故事类文章的写作意图可能是“totellaninterestingexperience”;广告类文章的写作意图可能是“tointroduce/sellaproductoraservicetoattractmorevisitorstoinformreaderstopersuadereaders”等要想准确判断作者的写作意图,考生应该联想自己的生活实际,问自己一个问题“读了这篇文章后,你的想法是什么?”比如上面这篇文章,通过讲述14岁的娜塔莉帮助遭受飓风重创的家乡重建的事,说明了小人物也可以有大作为故第4题选择A项三这样积累1.blockn. 木、石等的块;街区2.fierceadj.凶猛的;猛烈的3.attackn.v.攻击4.temporarilyadv.临时地,临时5.donaten.v.捐赠6.inruins成为废墟;严重受损的7.attendaschool上学8.dozensof几十;许多9.behonoredas被尊为
二、话题与写作[考题示例] 2011·福建高考为纪念汶川大地震三周年,某英文报发起关于灾区新貌的征文活动请根据以下图片提示,以“GreatChanges”为题,用英语写一篇短文应征内容要点如下1.某中学灾后三年来的变化,如教学与活动场所,以及师生精神面貌等;2.发生变化的原因;3.你的感想注意
1.短文标题与开头已给出,不计入总词数;2.可根据图片提示适当发挥;3.词数120左右GreatChangesIamdeeplyimpressedbythegreatchangesthathavetakenplaceintheschooloverthepastthreeyears.[写作规范] 第一步写对词汇不丢冤枉分1.被完全毁坏 be_damaged_pletely2.对……感到惊讶be_amazed_at3.呈现新面貌take_on_a_new_look4.发生take_place_5.热心的warmhearted6.采取措施take_measures7.捐献donate8.团结unite第二步列全要点、写对句子保基本分1.我们都知道,汶川和四川省其他的一些县在2008年5月12日遭遇了一场大地震AsweknowWenchuanandothercountiesinSichuanProvincewas_hit_by_a_severe_earthquake_on_May_12_
2008.2.师生在新环境中幸福地生活,勤奋工作Inthenewenvironmentteachersandstudentsare_living_happily_and_working_hard.3.每个人的脸上都洋溢着笑容Therearesmiles_on_everyones_face.4.我们的学校正呈现着崭新的面貌Ourschoolis_taking_on_a_new_look.5.我们的学校充满生机Ourschoolis_full_of_life!6.很明显这一切都归功于我们党、我们的祖国和全世界的热心人It_is_obvious_that__all_is_owed_toourpartyourmotherlandandthewholewarmheartedpeopleallovertheworld.7.没有他们的帮助,就不会有今天崭新美丽的校园Without_their_help_therewouldbenonewandbeautifulschooltoday.第三步句式升级、打造亮点得高分1.用it作形式主语改写句1It_is_known_that_Wenchuan_and_other_counties_in_Sichuan_Province_were_hit_by_a_severe_earthquake_on_May_12_
2008.
2.用形容词短语fulloflife作状语合并句4和句5Our_school_is_taking_on_a_new_look_full_of_life!_3.用副词obviously改写句6Obviously_all_is_owed_to_our_party_our_motherland_and_the_whole_warmhearted_people_all_over_the_world._第四步过渡衔接、润色成文创满分GreatChangesIamdeeplyimpressedbythegreatchangesthathavetakenplaceintheschooloverthepastthreeyears.It_is_known_that___Wenchuan_and_other_counties_in_Sichuan_Province_were_hit_by_a_severe_earthquake_on_May_12_
2008._Most_schools_including_our_school_were_damaged_pletely._It_is_now_however_taking_on_a_new_look._Tall_buildings_have_been_put_up_including_classroom_and_laboratory_buildings_and_a_library._There_is_also_a_newlybuilt_standard_playground._In_the_new_environment_teachers_and_students_are_living_happily_and_working_hard.__There_are_smiles_on_everyones_face._Our_school_is_taking_on_a_new_look_full_of_life!_How_does_it_take_place_in_such_a_short_timeObviously_all_is_owed_to_our_party_our_motherland_and_the_whole_warmhearted_people_all_over_the_world._Without_their_help_there_would_be_no_new_and_beautiful_school_today._It_is_love_and_concern_that_have_brought_about_the_great_changes._Many_hands_make_light_work._We_can_work_wonders_if_we_unite_as_a_family_caring_for_each_other_and_helping_those_in_need._Union_is_strength.Ⅰ.阅读理解AAsandstormreferstoahighamountofwindoccurringinsandyareasusuallyindesertswherethewindspeedisabletoliftthetoplayerofsandfromthegroundandpushitineverydirection.Thesandinvolvedinthesandstormcanreachheightsofabout
3.05m-
15.24m.Itisverydangeroustoexperienceasandstorm.Sandcangetintothenoseeyesmouthandlungs.Ifyouhappentobecaughtinasandstormyoumustprotectyourselfbywearingmasksscarvesandsoon.Ifyouredrivingwhensuchastormapproachesitsadvisedthatyoupullofftheroadsinceitsdifficulttocontinuedriving.Thisisalsoimportantsincevehiclescanfailinduringsandstormsandyoucouldendupstuckontheroad.Mostsandstormsoccurinspringandduringthedaytime.ManyoftheareasaroundthePersianGulfandtheSaharaDesertareassociatedwiththemostseriousstorms.Sinceitsanaturalphenomenonitcantbeentirelycontrolled.Inareasthatarenaturaldesertregionsyoucantalwayspreventasandstorm.TheresmuchevidencethattheplanetMarshasduststormsandclearlynohumanintervention介入isresponsibleforsuch.Though_it_can_move_whole_sand_dunes_and_destroy_crops_a_sandstorm_is_not_without_benefit.语篇解读本文介绍了沙尘暴常发生的时间、地点和基本状况以及如何在沙尘暴中自我保护的一些建议1.Ifyouredrivinginasandstormyoudbetter________.A.stopyourcarinthemiddleoftheroadB.continuetomakeyourwayC.stopandaskforhelpD.stopyourcaronthesideoftheroad解析选D 细节理解题根据第三段第一句中的“Ifyouredrivingwhensuchastormapproachesitsadvisedthatyoupullofftheroad...”可知,如果你开车时遇到沙尘暴,你最好把车停在路边,pullofftheroad“把车停在路边”故选D2.Theunderlinedsentenceshowsthatanywaysandstormsare________.A.useful B.uselessC.harmfulD.powerful解析选A 推理判断题画线句表明,虽然沙尘暴能移动沙丘并毁坏农作物,但它不是毫无益处的注意“asandstormisnotwithoutbenefit”表示“不无裨益”,是双重否定表示肯定意义故选A3.Accordingtothewriterasandstorm________.A.istheresultofhumanactivitiesB.canbepreventedC.cantpletelydisappearontheearthD.cantbeforecast解析选C 推理判断题根据最后一段可知,作者认为沙尘暴是一种自然现象,不能完全被控制,也就不会完全消失,并且它也不是人为的后果故选CBInKenyablindstudentsandthosewithpooreyesightwerestillusingBraille布拉耶盲文booksfortheirstudiesuntilrecently.TheirbooksusedtheBraillesystemofraiseddotstorepresentwordsandnumbers.Thosewithlimitedornoeyesightcan“read”bytouchingthosemarkings.ButKenyanschoolsfortheblindarenowbeginningtousetechnologythatprovidesmaterialinanaudible听得见的form.SeventeenyearoldLucasMwanziaisvisuallyimpaired受损的.ForthepasttwoyearshehasbeenattendingputerclassesattheThikaSchoolfortheBlind.Hesaid“Thetechnologyhasopeneddoorsthatoncewereclosed.Braillebooksarecostlyandyouhavetospendalotofmoneybuyingone.Withputersthebooksareavailableatlittleornocost.Sowecandownloadthebookstoreadandwhenwefinishreadingwejustneedtoclosetheprogram.”ZacharyMuasyawasbornblind.Heisnowoneoftheschoolsteachers.Hehasbeenteachingthestudentshowtousethetechnologyforabouttwoyearsnow.“Theassistivetechnologyequipsthelearnerswithmanyskillsthatreallymakethemindependentinlife.Theycanreadbooksmagazinesandnewspapersbythemselves.”Theschoolstartedusingassistivetechnologysixyearsago.ItenablesblindandvisuallyimpairedstudentstogetinformationfromputersandiPads.Theassistivetechnologycosts$1000tosetup.ButanongovernmentalorganizationcalledInAblehasprovideditfortheschoolsatnocost.FouroutofKenyas11schoolsfortheblindareusingthetechnology.InAblesaysitwillprovidethefinancingfortheremainingschoolstojointheeffort.PeterOkeyotheprogrammanageratInAblesaysblindstudentsusingthetechnologymaystillhavedifficultywhentheymovetohighereducation.Studentswhohaveusedthetechnologyupthroughhighschoolmightnothaveitattheuniversitytheyattend.ThosestudentsmighthavedifficultyiftheyhavetogobacktoBraille.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文肯尼亚盲人学生以及视力不佳者可以不用盲文书籍来学习了,因为科技为肯尼亚盲人学生提供了新的工具4.paredwithBraillebooksthebooksonline________.A.offerlesshelptostudentsB.aremoredifficulttogetC.costlessornomoneyD.arehardertounderstand解析选C 细节理解题根据第二段中的“Braillebooksarecostlyandyouhavetospendalotofmoneybuyingone.Withputersthebooksareavailableatlittleornocost.”告诉我们普通盲文书籍非常昂贵,需要花很多钱去购买而网络有声书籍很便宜甚至免费故选C5.MwanziaandMuasyawerementionedmainlytotellreaders________.A.studentscanbenefitalotfromthenewtechnologyB.BraillebooksaremoresuitablefortheblindC.morehelpwillbeprovidedforstudentsinKenyaD.studentsinAfricaarefondofreadingbooks解析选A 推理判断题根据第二段中的“Thetechnologyhasopeneddoorsthatoncewereclosed.”以及“Theassistivetechnologyequipsthelearnerswithmanyskillsthatreallymakethemindependentinlife.”告诉我们该技术打开了曾被关闭的大门辅助技术让学习者具备多种技能,这真正使得他们在生活中独立故选A6.WhatsPeterOkeyosattitudetowardsthenewtechnologyA.Indifferent.B.Supportive.C.Sympathetic.D.Worried.解析选D 推理判断题根据第三段中PeterOkeyo所说的话告诉我们使用该项技术一路读完高中的学生在大学里可能没法再使用该技术如果让这些学生重新回去使用盲文可能会面临很多困难故选D7.WhatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraphA.ThetechnologywillbesetupinAfricaatalowprice.B.MoreschoolsinKenyawillusethenewtechnology.C.Studentsatuniversitycanusethetechnologynow.D.Thetechnologywillbeelesspopularinthefuture.解析选B 细节理解题根据最后一段中的“FouroutofKenyas...jointheeffort.”告诉我们肯尼亚11所盲人学校中的4所正在使用该技术InAble组织表示,该组织将为剩余学校提供资金加入进来故选BⅡ.阅读七选五ToughteethSpider蜘蛛silkwhichisfivetimesstrongerthansteelnolongerholdstherecordasthestrongestmaterialfoundinnature.Scientistshavediscoveredthattheteethofalimpet帽贝aremadeofeventoughermaterial.“Spidersilkhasbeenwinningthispetitionforalongtime,”AsaBarberanengineerattheUniversityofPortsmouthEnglandwholedthestudysaid.“__1__”Alimpethasaboutahundredteetheachabout1millimeter
0.04incheslong.__2__TofindoutjusthowtoughlimpetteethareBarbersteamexaminedpiecesofthelimpetsteethtotesttheirtensilestrength—theresistanceofamaterialtobreakingwhenstretched.Thescientistslearnedthatthematerialthatmakesuplimpetteethcanwithstandapullingforceparabletothatofaropeliftingabout1500kilograms3300poundsofsugar.__3__Theycontainfibersmadefromabinationofgoethiteandchitin.__4__Chitinontheotherhandisstretchy有弹性的.Mixthetwotogetherandyougetamaterialthatsbothhardandtough.Infactlimpetteethare10percentstrongerthanspidersilk.ScientistshavehadahardtimetryingtoartificiallyproducespidersstickywebmaterialinalabbutBarberbelievesitwillbeeasiertorecreatelimpetteeth.__5__“Ithinkthisisgoingtobeamuchgreateropportunitytomanufacturematerialsthathavehighstrength,”hesays.A.WhatmakeslimpetteethsostrongB.Thoughhardgoethitebreakseasily.C.Alimpethasatonguecoveredwithtinyteeth.D.Itusesthemtogetitspreferredmealoffrocks.E.Butspidersusetheirsilktomakewebsorotherstructures.F.Iwassurprisedandexcitedthatlimpetteethbeatthewinner.G.Thatwaypeopletoowillbeabletobenefitfromthesuperstrongmaterial.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文文章主要介绍了帽贝坚硬的牙齿1.选F F项与上文的“Spidersilkhasbeenwinningthispetitionforalongtime”相呼应2.选D D项与上文的“Alimpethasaboutahundredteeth”相呼应,D项中的them指代上文中的“ahundredteeth”3.选A A项起承上启下的作用上文讲帽贝的牙齿承重力强,下文解释原因4.选B B项与上下文相呼应构成帽贝牙齿的两种成分一种坚硬,另一种有弹性;二者结合使帽贝的牙齿既硬又坚韧5.选G G项与上下文相呼应再造帽贝的牙齿这种材质相对容易些,这会使人们从这种超硬的材料中受益。