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必修四Unit2Sportsevents检测评价A卷Ⅰ.单项填空1.—IguessImustleavenow.Seeyoutomorrow.—________!Ihavesomeimportantinformationforyou.A.HangonB.NevermindC.AllrightD.Takecare解析选A 后句句意等一下,我有重要的事要告诉你hangon“稍等,别挂断”,符合句意2.—Sharonmanyexpertsbelievethatthetwopicturesareroughly________.—Idontquiteagree.Thepaintingstylesmaylookverysimilarbuttheirpainterswereborninquitedifferentdynasties.A.conventionalB.contradictoryC.contemporaryD.conservative解析选C 句意“莎伦,很多专家相信,这两幅画几乎是同时代的”“我不太同意绘画风格可能看起来很相似,但是两位画家完全属于不同的朝代”conventional“传统的”;contradictory“矛盾的”;contemporary“同时代的”;conservative“保守的”根据句意可知选C3.MikehasbeenpreparingcarefullyforhisChineseexaminationsothathecouldbesureofpassingitathisfirst_______.A.purposeB.attemptC.desireD.intention解析选B 句意迈克一直在认真准备中文考试,以便保证第一次尝试就通过attempt“尝试”,符合句意4.2019·扬州模拟Nowondersomepeopledontshowsympathyforthevictimoftheaccident.She________haveobservedthetrafficrules.A.mustB.shouldC.needD.would解析选B 句意难怪一些人并不同情这次意外的受害者她本应该遵守交通规则shouldhavedone“本应做而实际上未做”5.—HowaboutbuyingTimamobilephoneAfterallheisntaboyanymore.—Ithinkitsnecessaryforwesometimeswanttomakesureifhe________homefordinner.A.willeB.esC.haseD.woulde解析选A 句意“给Tim买个手机怎么样啊?毕竟,他不再是一个孩子了”“我认为很有必要,我们有时候想确认他是否会回家吃饭”if在此引导宾语从句,从句中所说的事在说话时间看来是将要发生的事,所以用将来时6.________,hisideawasacceptedbyallthepeopleatthemeeting.A.StrangeasmightitsoundB.AsitmightsoundstrangeC.AsstrangeitmightsoundD.Strangeasitmightsound解析选D 考查让步状语从句句意尽管他的主意听起来很奇怪,但是在会议上被采纳了as引导让步状语时,须倒装,即将表语提前,其他使用正常的陈述语序7.—Doyouknow________theygottoknoweachother—Itwaslastyear________theybothtaughtChineseinScotland.A.whenitwasthat;whenB.whenwasitthat;whenC.whenitwasthat;thatD.whenwasitthat;that解析选A 句意“你知道他们是什么时候认识的吗?”“是去年他们在苏格兰教汉语的时候认识的”分析句子结构可知know后面是宾语从句,从句要用陈述语序;根据语境可知答语是省略了thattheygottoknoweachother部分的强调句型,lastyear后是定语从句,从句主干完整,故lastyear在从句中作状语,使用关系副词8.Havingabrotherorsisterprotectsadolescentsagainstnegativefeelingssuchaslonelinessandguiltbuttheyalsohavetolearnto________andtocontroltheiremotions.A.peteB.pensateC.prehendD.promise解析选D pete“竞争,比赛,对抗”;pensate“补偿,赔偿”;prehend“理解,包含”promise“妥协,让步”,指相互之间的谦让,与语境相符9.Poetsschoolspublishersbooksellersandlibrarieswillholdreadingspetitionsbookdisplayseducationaleventsandotheractivities________NationalPoetryMonth.A.inhonourofB.inplaceofC.inspiteofD.intermsof解析选A 句意诗人、学校、出版社、图书商和图书馆将举办阅读、竞赛、书展、教育项目及其他活动来纪念“全民诗歌月”inhonourof“为了纪念……,向……表示敬意”,符合语境10.Parentsshouldguidetheirchildrennotdirectthem.Observe________yourchildstalentandinterestslieandthenencouragetheminthosedirections.A.whatB.whereC.whenD.that解析选B 根据题干中的lie可知此处要用连接副词where引导宾语从句where在从句中作地点状语11.________notforthesupportoftheteachersthestudentcouldnotovereherdifficulty.A.ItwereB.WereitC.ItwasD.Wasit解析选B 虚拟语气中,be动词统一用were;虚拟语气的省略形式是把if省略,同时把were/should/had提前,即Were/Should/HadI...,故选B12.Wereallyappreciateourlearningenvironment________wecanhavedirectmunication.A.whomB.whichC.whereD.when解析选C 考查非限制性定语从句句意我们非常感激我们的学习环境,在那里我们可以直接交流learningenvironment是先行词,指物,排除A和D;先行词在定语从句中作地点状语,用关系副词where引导,排除B,故选C13.Afterfivedaysofthefantasticspacetripthetwoastronautswalkedoutofthespaceship________.A.tiredbuthappyB.tiredlybuthappilyC.tiredlyandhappilyD.tiredandhappy解析选A 句意五天美妙的太空旅行之后,两个宇航员走出宇宙飞船,疲劳但非常幸福根据题意可知,tiredbuthappy修饰、说明主语当时所处的一种状态,符合题意14.Journalistsareevenlysplitonwhetherornottheyshouldinterviewtheirpersonalheroes:somesayyoushouldntbecauseyoullfindyouridolhas________,whileothersarguetheopportunityistoogoodtomiss.A.butterfliesinhisstomachB.greenfingersC.feetofclayD.awetblanket解析选C 句意在记者是否应该采访他们个人的偶像这个问题上,记者们平均地分为了两派一些人说你不应该,因为你会发现你的偶像有品格上的弱点,而另一些人则认为这个机会太好了而不容错过butterfliesinhisstomach“紧张”;greenfingers“园艺技能”;feetofclay“品格上的弱点”;awetblanket“扫兴的人”根据语境可知选C项15.2019·苏州模拟Attheageof33ZhangNingwasmucholderthantheotherplayers.Yetshe________towinthegoldmedalinthefinalmatch.A.hungaboutB.hungbackC.hungdownD.hungon解析选D 句意作为33岁的运动员,张宁比其他运动员年龄大得多但是,她坚持比赛并在决赛中拿到了金牌hangabout“闲逛”;hangback“退缩,犹豫”;hangdown“垂下来”;hangon“不泄气,坚持下去”根据句意可知选DⅡ.完形填空2019·连云港模拟Musicplaysanimportantroleinthedevelopmentofchildrenfromthetimetheyareborn.Somearguethatmusiccanhavea__1__effectonachildevenbeforebirth.Music__2__childrenintheirdevelopmentandmunication.Musicalsoenableschildrentolearnfasterinother__3__ofdevelopmentsuchaslanguageandmemorization.Firstmusiccanaidthe__4__developmentofachildinanumberofways.Ithelpsthemto__5__things.Forexamplemostchildrenlearnthe__6__andmitittomemorybylearningthealphabetsong.Sincemusicis__7__onaseriesofpatterns__8__exposuretomusicenableschildrentorecognizepatterns.Thisabilityhelpschildrendeveloptheirmathscienceandreadingskills.Second__9__childrentomusicfromdifferentpartsofthe__10__willhelpthemtolearnaboutotherculturesandrecognizedifferences__11__cultures.Thiscanalsohelpchildren__12__anappreciationfordifferentculturesandtraditions.Besidesgetting__13__movingtheirbodiestomusicisafunandsimpleformof__14__,whichisagoodwaytofightchildobesity.__15__anddancescanalsohelpchildrenidentifytheirdifferentbodypartsandlearntheir__16__sidefromtheirleftside.__17__,listeningtomusiclearningsongslearningto__18__amusicalinstrumentandlearningtodanceallrequirechildrentolisten__19__toinstructionswordsandmelodies.This__20__focusonsomethingthechildrenenjoydoingwillhelpthemtodevelopstronglisteningskillswhichwillaidthemlaterinlife.语篇解读音乐对孩子的发展是非常重要的它不仅能够促进孩子的智力发展,还是一种很好的锻炼方式1.A.harmful B.positiveC.slightD.dangerous解析选B 第一句提到从孩子出生起,音乐就对他们的发展起着重要作用该空所在句紧承上文,点明有些人认为甚至在孩子出生前音乐就对他们有“积极的”影响2.A.aidsB.occursC.existsD.hides解析选A 该空前后的内容讲的都是音乐的益处,故此处是说音乐有助于孩子的发展和交流aidsb.insth.意为“在某方面帮助某人”3.A.designsB.questionsC.areasD.deals解析选C 后面所举的语言和记忆是孩子发展的其他“方面/领域”4.A.emotionalB.spiritualC.physicalD.intellectual解析选D 该空所在句是本段的主旨句本段中提到的开发记忆力和识别模式都是孩子的“智力”发展方面5.A.imagineB.increaseC.judgeD.remember解析选D 根据下一句所举例子中的“mitittomemory”可知,音乐可以帮助孩子“记住”一些东西6.A.numberB.alphabetC.spellingD.reading解析选B 通过字母歌来学习的应当是“字母表”7.A.spentB.taughtC.listedD.based解析选D 因为音乐是以不同模式为基础的,所以学习音乐可以帮助孩子识别不同的模式bebasedon意为“以……为基础”8.A.earlyB.officialC.simpleD.recent解析选A 联系第一段前两句可知,此处应表示“早期”接触音乐对孩子的影响9.A.returningB.forcingC.exposingD.expressing解析选C 只有让孩子接触音乐才会帮助他们了解与音乐有关的文化exposesb.tosth.意为“让某人接触某物”10.A.bookB.videoC.worldD.field解析选C 最能帮助孩子们学习其他文化的应当是来自“世界”不同地区的音乐11.A.afterB.betweenC.overD.about解析选B 联系该句中的“differentparts”可知,此处应表示让孩子了解不同文化“之间”的差异12.A.surroundB.requireC.orderD.develop解析选D 在了解不同的文化以及它们之间的差异后,孩子们可以“形成”一种对不同文化和传统的鉴赏力13.A.adultsB.childrenC.friendsD.elders解析选B 因为本文主要论述的是音乐对孩子们的影响,所以此处应表示音乐会让“孩子们”动起来14.A.exerciseB.mannerC.behaviorD.feeling解析选A 让孩子们随着音乐运动身体是一种可以帮助孩子们对抗肥胖问题的“锻炼”方式15.A.FilmsB.SongsC.TextsD.Operas解析选B 上一句讲了让孩子们随着音乐舞动身体的益处该空所在句继续谈论“歌曲”和舞蹈的作用16.A.bothB.leftC.rightD.either解析选C 分析本句的结构和内容可知,此处应选与该空后的left相对的right右侧的17.A.FinallyB.TotallyC.FranklyD.Luckily解析选A 根据前面两段开头的First和Second可知,此处应选Finally,以引出对最后一点的论述18.A.playB.repairC.makeD.sell解析选A 本文旨在论述音乐的益处,故此处应指“演奏”一种乐器19.A.frequentlyB.fluentlyC.carefullyD.carelessly解析选C 根据下一句中的“focusonsomething”可知,此处指孩子要“认真”听从各种指令、词语和旋律20.A.ignoredB.advancedC.lostD.needed解析选D 当孩子们在做他们喜欢做的事情时,他们“需要”专注,而这种专注有助于孩子们以后的发展Ⅲ.任务型阅读2018·泰州模拟Oneofmanyimportantthingsforthewholefamilytodoistohavedinnertogether.Researchersbeganreportingtheadvantagesoffamilydinneraboutadecadeagofocusingmainlyonhowitaffectedchildren.Studiesshowthatthosefamilieswhoeatdinnertogetheratleast3or4timesaweekbenefitinmanyways.Firstofalleatingtogetherhelpsfamiliesachieveopenmunicationandbuildstrongerandhealthierrelationships.Childrenhavebetterperformanceatschool.Formanyfamilieseatingdinnertogetherprovestobeagoodandeffectivewaytoreducetheratesofdrugaddictionlessendepressionandhelptoraisehealthierchildren.Duringdinnertimeparentshaveabetterchancetoknowtheirchildren.Sittingatthesametabletosharemealsiswhenandwhereparentscanfindoutmoreabouttheirchildrenstastestheireverydaylifeingeneralwhattheylikeandwhattheydislike.Whenparentshaveallthisinformationtheycanbetterdirecttheirkidstowardsgoodandpositivethingsintheirlifesuchasusefulactivitiesandbehavior.ThestudybytheNationalCenteronAddictionandSubstanceAbuseatColumbiaUniversityhasdiscoveredallkindsofinterestingeducationalpatterns.Forexampleparentswithlessthanacollegeeducationorwithnoeducationatalleatmorefrequentlywiththeirchildrenthanparentswithcollegeoruniversitydegrees.ChildrenwhoeatwiththeirparentsonaregularbasismainlygetAsandBsatschool.Researchershavealsofoundthatparedwithteenswhohavemorethan5familydinnersonaweeklybasisthosewhohavetwoorlessare
2.5timesmorelikelytosmokecigarettesand3timesmorelikelytotrydrugs.Howeverfamilyresearcherssaythattheadvantagesoffamilydinnerbynomeanscanbeconsideredastheonlyimportantrule.Parentscansitdowntodinewiththeirkidseverydayandachievenothing.Nofamiliescanbenefitiftherearetoomanyargumentsifthereisnomeaningfulconversationorwhatisevenworseifthereisjustpletesilenceatfamilygatherings.Theimportantpartofregularfamilydinnerstogetheristoexchangeideasandfindoutwhatisgoingon.Itisagreatwayformomanddadtosetanddiscusscertainrulessuchasmonitoringkidsfriends.Theadvantagesofeatingtogethercanlastmuchlongerthanmanypeoplemightthinkespeciallyifyourfamilymealtimesbeearegularactivity.Title:AbouthavingfamilydinnertogetherThemeHavingdinnertogetherisofgreatimportance.The1______offamilydinner•Familymemberscan2________openlyandhealthierrelationshipscanbebuilt.•Itcanhelpchildrendowellinexams.•Ithasagood3________onreducingtheratesofdrugaddictionandlessendepression.•Parentshavean4________tounderstandtheirchildrenanddirectthem.The5______ofthestudybyCASA•Parentswithlittleeducationaremore6________todinewiththeirchildren.•Childreneatingwithparents7_______getmainlyAsandBsatschool.•Teenshavingtwoorlessfamilydinnersprobablytrysmokingordrugs.The8______fromfamilyresearchers•Parentsshould9________totheirchildrenandavoidquarrelsandsilenceduringfamilydinner.•Exchangeideasandfindoutwhatisgoingon.•Makeitaregular10________tohavefamilymeals.答案
1.advantages/importance
2.municate
3.effect/influence
4.chance/opportunity
5.results
6.likely7.regularly
8.suggestions/advice
9.talk
10.activity检测评价B卷阅读理解ABridgesHouseHotelBridgesHouseHotelisahotelinthecentreofDelftandhasshopsandmuseumsnextdoor.Therearemanyrestaurantsintheareawhereyoucaneatalovelydinnerintheevening.Themarketsquareiswithineasywalkingdistance.Thefortableroomsarealluniquelydecoratedandhaveasplendidbathroom.AirconditioningandfreeWiFiareavailable.Thereareextralongbedsforyourconvenience.Breakfastisservedinthehotellounge.Intheeveningsguestscanhaveadrinkhereaswell.HotelJulianaJusta5minutewalkfromthecentreofDelftthisfriendlyfamilyhotelisclosetoeverythingandoffersfortableroomsatanaffordableprice.Themainpriority优先权istoprovideyouwithqualityservicethroughpersonalattentionandbycreatingapleasantatmosphere.ThishotelisalsoconvenientlylocatedneartheTechnicalUniversityofDelft.Otherculturalspotsandaseriesofbarsandrestaurantsarejustastrollaway.ShanghaiHotelThisuniquehotelfeaturesChinesestyledecorationandanelegantbar.ShanghaiHotelislocatednexttotheA13highwayonlya10minutedrivefromDelftcitycentre.Itoffersfreeonsiteparking.EachoftheroomsatShanghaiHotelincludesflatscreencableTVadeskandtea/coffeemakingfacilitiesplusarefrigerator.Thefortablemodernbathroomshaveashowerahairdryerandfreemakeup.HotelDeKoophandelLocatedonthecentralBeestenMarketHotelDeKoophandelissurroundedbycafesandrestaurantsintheheartofDelft.Inthebreakfastroomyoucanenjoyvariousbreadstoastscerealseggsandfruitsinthemorning.ThefortableanduniquelydecoratedroomsareequippedwithaprivatebathroomandfreeWiFi.Coffeeandteafacilitiesareavailable.Becauseoftheperfectlocationyoucaneasilywalkaroundthecitycentreandvisitthemainplacesofinterest.Formoredetailedinformationpleaseclickhere.booking./hotel/nl.1.WhatdoallthehotelsinthepassagehaveinmonA.TheyofferfreeWiFi.B.TheyareatDelftcitycentre.C.Theyofferfreeonsiteparking.D.Theyofferfortablerooms.解析选D 根据BridgesHouseHotel中的“Thefortableroomsarealluniquelydecoratedandhaveasplendidbathroom.”及HotelJuliana中的“...offersfortableroomsatanaffordableprice.”及ShanghaiHotel中的“Thefortablemodernbathroomshaveashowerahairdryerandfreemakeup.”及HotelDeKoophandel中的“ThefortableanduniquelydecoratedroomsareequippedwithaprivatebathroomandfreeWiFi.”可知,这四个酒店的共同点就是提供舒适的房间故选D2.WherecanyouprobablyseethepassageA.Inamagazine. B.Inanewspaper.C.OntheInternet.D.InaTVprogram.解析选C 文章出处题根据文章最后一段的“pleaseclickhere.booking./hotel/nl”可知,这篇文章是在网络上出现的故选CB2019·南通、泰州高三联考Tounderstandoneofthesecretsofcreativityjustpeek窥视intoanartclassroominDenverColorado.TheteacherasksherpupilstoimitatethestyleofVassilyKandinsky.ThestudentscopyKandinskysartstylemasteringbrushworkandlearningcolourtheory.Ifthatwasallthereweretothelessonitwouldbeahandsonclassinarthistory.Buttheartteacherasksthestudentstocutuptheirpaintingsandbuild3Dsculpturesoutofthepieces.Theyhaveallstartedwiththesamesourcebuttheirworksallenduplookingextremelydifferent:somerisestraightupinacolumnwhileothersareajigsaw相互交错ofdifferentformsandangles.Thestudentslearntotreatthepastnotasalandingpointbutasalaunchingpad.Creativitydoesnteout_of_the_blue.Noideaiseverwhollyoriginal;thereisalwaysalinkfromtheknowntothenew.Werelyonculturetoprovideuswithastorehouseofrawmaterialswhichwethentransform.Eachgenerationaddsanotherlayertothecliffsideofhistory.Oneofthekeystodevelopinginventivenessisnottotreatthepastassacred.BeethovendidntwritesymphoniesbecausehethoughttherewasanythingwrongwithMozarts.PicassodidntpaintvariationsoncanvasesbyVelásquezandManetbecauseherejectedtheoldmastersbutratherbecauseheadmiredthem.Whilewesometimestinker修补withtheimperfectwealsoremakewhatweloveshowingouradmirationforthepastbypassingdownitsDNA.Sometimesinventorsattempttocovertheirtracks.StravinskydeniedthatTheRiteofSpringhisrevolutionaryballetincludedanyactualfolktunesbutscholarsfoundavolumeoftheminhislibraryafterhisdeath.Creativemindsalwaysstartfromaprecedent先例andmovefromtherebuthowfarshouldtheygoThechallengeisthatstayingtooclosetothefamiliarcandissatisfywhilewanderingtoofarcanfailtofindfollowers.ThomasEdisonmadesmallchangestothetelephonedramaticallyimprovedthelightbulb—andatthefarendimaginedunderwatercitiespoweredbysolarenergy.ThedesignerNormanBelGeddesdesignedahostofpracticalproductssuchascocktailshakersandfurniture—buthealsorangedmuchfurthersketchingflyingcarsandhousesinwhichthewallsroseupintotheceilinglikegaragedoors.TheDNAoftheoriginalisstilltherebutbytheendithasevolvedtosomethingnew.Eachofusiscreatingourownvariationsonthemespasseddowntous.Wereatourmostinventivewhenwedontallowhistorytolimitourimaginationsbuttolaunchthem.Thatsalessonthatcanstartyoung—andthatneverages.语篇解读作者通过科罗拉多州丹佛的一位美术老师的做法告诉我们,已知与新生之间总是有联系的,创造力不是凭空而来的,而是意料之中的创造力的秘诀就是要把聪明的想法建立在过去的基础之上3.TheartteacherinColoradointendstotellthestudentsthatthesecretofcreativityis________.A.tocopythemastersworkswithouteffortB.topletelyrejectthemastersstylesC.tobuildtheirbrilliantideasonthepastD.toparetheirworkswiththemasters解析选C 细节理解题根据第二段可知,科罗拉多州的美术老师打算告诉学生创造力的秘诀是要把他们聪明的想法建立在过去的基础之上故选项C符合题意4.Theunderlinedphrase“outoftheblue”inParagraph3means“________”.A.unfortunatelyB.graduallyC.frequentlyD.unexpectedly解析选D 词义猜测题根据画线短语后的“Noideaiseverwhollyoriginal;thereisalwaysalinkfromtheknowntothenew.”可知,已知与新生之间总是有联系的,所以创造力不是凭空而来的,而是意料之中的故选项D符合题意outoftheblue意为“出乎意料,出其不意”5.WhichofthefollowingisnttheproductofcreativityaccordingtotheauthorA.Aflyingcar.B.AcopyofaMozart.C.Animprovedlightbulb.D.Anunderwatercitypoweredbysolarenergy.解析选B 推理判断题根据第二段的“Thestudentslearntotreatthepastnotasalandingpointbutasalaunchingpad.”及第四段的前两句可知,创造力是以过去为基础并加以创新,而对莫扎特作品的模仿不是创新,所以不是创造力的产物故选项B正确C2019·徐州模拟ErnestHemingwaywasnotonlyamandingfigurein20thcenturyliteraturebutwasalsoa_pack_rat.Hesavedevenhisoldpassportsandusedbullfightticketsleavingbehindoneofthelongestpapertrailsofanyauthor.“ErnestHemingway:BetweenTwoWars”,whichopensonFridayattheMorganLibraryMuseumisthefirstmajormuseumexhibitiondevotedtoHemingwayandhiswork.Thelargestandmostinterestingsectionfocusesonthe20sHemingwaysParisyearsandrevealsawriterwemighthavebeenindangerofforgetting:Hemingway_before_he_became_Hemingway.TheexhibitiondoesnotfailtoincludepicturesofthebeardedmanlyHem.HesshownposingwithsomekuduhehasjustshotinAfricaandonthebridgeofhisbelovedfishingboatthePilarwithCarlosGutiérrezthefishermanwhobecamethemodelforTheOldManandtheSea.Butthefirstphototheviewerseesisabigblowupofahandsomecleanshaven19yearoldstandingoncrutches.Thisisfromthesummerof1918whenHemingwaywasrecoveringfromwoundsattheRedCrosshospitalinMilanandtryingtoturnhiswartimeexperiencesintofiction.Theevidenceatthisexhibitionsuggeststhatintheearlydaysheoftenwroteinpencilmostlyincheapnotebooksbutsometimesonwhateverpapercametohand.ThefirstdraftoftheshortstorySoldiersHomewaswrittenonsheetsheappearedtohavesnatchedfromatelegraphoffice.Theimpressionyougetisofayoungwriterseizedbyinspirationandsometimesbarrelingaheadwithoutanentirelyclearsenseofwhereheisgoing.F.ScottFitzgeraldsomeofwhoseletterswithHemingwayisalsoonviewfamouslyurgedhimtocutthefirsttwochaptersofTheSunAlsoRisesplainingaboutthe“elephantinefacetiousness”ofthebeginningandHemingwayobligedgettingridofaclunkyopeningthatnowseemsalmost“meta”.In1929inaninepagepenciledcritiqueFitzgeraldalsosuggestednumerousrevisionsforAFarewelltoArms.HemingwaytooksomeofthesebutlessgraciouslyandsoonafterwardhisfriendshipwithFitzgeraldcametoanend.ThepapersattheMorganshowaHemingwaywhoisnotalwayssureofhimself.Therearerunninglistsofstorieshekeptfiddlingwithandtherearelistsandlistsofpossibletitlesincludingthe45heconsideredforFarewelland47differentendingsforthenovel.IndisplaycaseafterdisplaycaseyouseeHemingwayduringhisParisyearsinventingandreinventinghimselfdiscoveringashegoesalongjustwhatkindofwriterhewantstobe.Inamoving1925lettertohisparentswhorefusedtoreadInOurTimehissecondstorycollectionhewrites:“YouseeImtryinginallmystoriestogetthefeelingoftheactuallifeacross—notjusttodescribelife—orcriticizeit—buttoactuallymakeitalive.Sothatwhenyouhavereadsomethingbymeyouactuallyexperiencethething.Youcantdothiswithoutputtinginthebadandtheuglyaswellaswhatisbeautiful.”BythetimetheSecondWorldWarbrokeoutHemingwayhadsolidifiedintotheiconicfigurewenowremember:Papa.EvenJ.D.Salingercallshimthis.AndablusterycrankyHemingwayappearsin1949whenaboardthePilarhegrabsanoldfishingdiaryandbeginsscrawlinganangrylettertoHaroldRosstheeditorofTheNewYorkerplainingaboutAlfredKazinsreviewofAcrosstheRiverandintotheTreesnotintruthaverygoodbook.ButHemingwayoftendrinkinganddepresseddidntknowithisbestworkwasbehindhimbythen.语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文,讲述了美国著名作家、诺贝尔文学奖获得者海明威成名的过程6.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedwords“apackrat”inthepassageA.Apersonwhodoesntwasteanything.B.Apersonwhocannotbereliedon.C.Apersonwholikestocollectrubbish.D.Apersonwhoenjoyscollectingthings.解析选D 词义猜测题根据画线词的下一句可知海明威喜欢收集东西,故选Dapackrat意为“喜欢囤积东西的人”7.HowmanyofHemingwaysworksarementionedinthispassageA.
4.B.
5.C.
6.D.
7.解析选C 细节理解题第三段提到了TheOldManandtheSea,第四段提到了SoldiersHome第五段提到了TheSunAlsoRises和AFarewelltoArms,第七段提到了的InOurTime,最后一段提到了的AcrosstheRiverandintotheTrees很显然,总共提到了六部作品8.Whatdoesthewritertrulymeanbysaying“HemingwaybeforehebecameHemingway.”?A.Hemingwaywrotemanymasterpiecesbeforehekilledhimself.B.Hemingwaywasonceawarcorrespondentbeforehebecameafamouswriter.C.HemingwaydevotedallhisstrengthstowritingbeforehewontheNobelPrize.D.Hemingwaykeptexploringtheworldandadjustinghimselfbeforehebecameamandingfigureinliterature.解析选D 句意理解题根据画线句前的“revealsawriterwemighthavebeenindangerofforgetting揭示了一位我们可能会忘记的作家”可知,作者指的是成为20世纪文坛中一位举足轻重的人物之前的海明威,一位曾到过世界许多地方,写作方式、文风、性格和形象不断发生改变的海明威9.AccordingtotheMorganshowreadersarelikelytosee________inHemingwaysworks.
①toughmenwhocantbedefeated
②antiwarfighters
③thedarksideoftheworldaswellasitsbeauty
④loveaffairsbetweenamanandawoman
⑤thestoryofafamilybusinessA.
①③B.
②④C.
①⑤D.
③⑤解析选A 细节理解题根据第三段的内容和倒数第二段最后一句可知DAfewyearsagoinoneexperimentinbehaviouralpsychologyStanleyMilgramofYaleUniversitytested40subjectsfortheirwillingnesstoobeyinstructionsgivenbya“leader”inasituationinwhichthesubjectsmightfeelapersonaldislikeoftheactionstheywerecalledupontoperform.SpecificallyMilgramtoldeachvolunteer“teachersubject”thattheexperimentwasinthenoblecauseofeducationandwasdesignedtotestwhetherornotpunishingpupilsfortheirmistakeswouldhaveapositiveeffectonthepupilsabilitytolearn.Theteachersubjectswereplacedbeforeapanelofthirtyswitcheswithlabelsrangingfrom“15voltsofelectricityslightshock”to“450voltsdanger-severeshock”instepsof15voltseach.Theteachersubjectwastoldthatwheneverthepupilgavethewronganswertoaquestionashockwastobeadministered.Thesupposed“pupil”wasinrealityanactorhiredbyMilgramtopretendtoreceivetheshocksbygivingoutcriesandscreams.Milgramtoldtheteachersubjecttoignorethereactionsofthepupilandtoadministerwhateverlevelofshockwascalledfor.Astheexperimentunfoldedthe“pupil”woulddeliberatelygivethewronganswerstoquestionstherebybringingonvariouselectricalpunishmentsevenuptothedangerlevelof300voltsandbeyond.Manyoftheteachersubjectsbalked_atadministeringthehigherlevelsofpunishmentandturnedtoMilgram.InthesesituationsMilgramcalmlyexplainedthattheteachersubjectwastocarryonwiththeexperimentandthatitwasimportantforthesakeoftheexperimentthattheprocedurebefollowedthroughtotheend.WhatMilgramwastryingtodiscoverwasthenumberofteachersubjectswhowouldbewillingtoadministerthehighestlevelsofshockeveninthefaceofstrongpersonalandmoralrevulsion反感againsttherulesandconditionsoftheexperiment.BeforecarryingouttheexperimentMilgramexplainedhisideatoagroupof39psychiatristsandaskedthemtopredicttheaveragepercentageofpeoplewhowouldbewillingtoadministerthehighestshocklevelof450volts.Theoverwhelmingconsensuswasthatbasicallyalltheteachersubjectswouldrefusetoobeytheexperimenter.Thepsychiatristsfeltthat“mostsubjectswouldnotgobeyond150volts”andonlyasmallpercentageofaboutonein1000wouldgivethehighestshockof450volts.WhatweretheactualresultsWellover60percentoftheteachersubjectscontinuedtoobeyMilgramuptothe450voltlimit!Inrepetitionsoftheexperimentinothercountriesthepercentagewasevenhigherreaching85percentinonecountry.HowcanwepossiblyaccountforthisresultOnemightfirstlyarguethattheremustbesomesortofbuiltinanimalaggressioninstinct本能thatwasactivatedbytheexperiment.Amodernsociobiologistmightevengosofarastoclaimthatthisaggressiveinstinctwasofsurvivalvaluetoourancestorsintheirstruggleagainstthehardshipsoflifeontheplainsandinthecavesfinallyfindingitswayintoourgeneticmakeup.Anotherexplanationistoseetheteachersubjectsactionsasaresultofthesocialcontextinwhichtheexperimentwascarriedout.AsMilgramhimselfpointedout“Mostsubjectsintheexperimentseetheirbehaviourinalargercontextthatisgoodandusefultosociety—thepursuitofscientifictruth.Thepsychologicallaboratoryhasastrongclaimtolegitimacy合法性andgainstrustandconfidenceinthosewhoperformthere.Anactionsuchasshockingavictimwhichinisolation单独看来appearsevilacquiresapletelydifferentmeaningwhenplacedinthissetting”.Herewehavetwodifferentexplanations.Theproblemforusistosortoutwhichofthesetwopolarexplanationsismorereasonable.Thisistheproblemofmodernsociobiology—todiscoverhowhardwiredgeneticprogrammingdecidestheinteractionofanimalsandhumanswiththeirenvironmentthatistheirbehaviour.Putanotherwaysociobiologyisconcernedwithexplainingthebiologicalbasisofallbehaviour.语篇解读本文介绍了耶鲁大学的斯坦利·米尔格兰姆所做的行为主义心理学的实验这项实验是为了测试实验对象在面对权威者下达违背良心的命令时,人性所能发挥的拒绝力量到底有多少结果表明超过60%的实验对象会服从命令,其中的原因则与社会生物学的研究有关10.WhydidMilgramdotheexperimentA.Todiscoverpeopleswillingnessforordersfromleaders.B.Todisplaythepowerofpunishmentonabilitytolearn.C.Totestpeopleswillingnesstosacrificeforscience.D.Toexplorethebiologicalbasisofsocialbehavior.解析选D 推理判断题根据第三段最后一句和最后一段第三句可知,米尔格兰姆所做的行为主义心理学的实验是为了发现,在面对违背良心的命令时,有多少实验对象愿意执行该实验也是为了探索一个社会生物学问题,即社会行为的生物学基础故选项D符合题意11.WhichofthefollowingisrightabouttheexperimentA.Theactorsperformancewasvitaltoitssuccess.B.Itssubjectswereinformedofitsrealpurposebeforehand.C.Theelectricalshockmadethe“pupil”givemorewronganswers.D.Itssubjectswereconvincedoftheeffectsofpunishmentonabilitytolearn.解析选A 推理判断题根据第二段第三句和第三段第一句可知,假扮的“学生”事实上是米尔格兰姆雇佣的演员,他并未真正受到电击,他通过发出叫喊声和尖叫声假装受到电击他在实验中故意给出问题的错误答案,结果导致各种各样的电击惩罚由此可见,演员的表现对于实验的成功至关重要故选项A正确12.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“balkedat”mostprobablymeanA.mentedon.B.Hesitatedin.C.Gotridof.D.Lookeddownupon.解析选B 词义猜测题根据第三段的“ManyoftheteachersubjectsbalkedatadministeringthehigherlevelsofpunishmentandturnedtoMilgram.”可知,很多扮演“教师”的实验对象向米尔格兰姆求助的原因是不愿执行更高等级的惩罚故选项B符合题意balkatsth.为固定短语,意为“不愿意,拒绝;畏缩,犹豫”hesitatein意为“犹豫,踌躇”;menton意为“就……发表评论”;getridof意为“摆脱,去除”;lookdownupon意为“瞧不起,鄙视”13.Beforetheexperimenttookplacethepsychiatrists________.A.believedthatashockof150voltswasunbearableB.failedtoagreeonhowtheteachersubjectswouldrespondtoinstructionsC.underpredictedtheteachersubjectswillingnesstofollowexperimentalprocedureD.thoughtthatmanyoftheteachersubjectswouldadministerashockof450volts解析选C 细节理解题根据第四段的
二、三句及第五段第二句可知,在实验进行之前,所有的精神病专家一致认为基本上所有扮演“教师”的实验对象都会拒绝服从实验者,只有大约千分之一的小部分人会接受最高等级的450伏的电击实验的真实结果是,超过60%的扮演“教师”的实验对象会继续服从米尔格兰姆达到450伏的极限由此可见,精神病专家们低估了扮演“教师”的实验对象服从命令的意愿故选项C正确14.WhichofthefollowingismentionedasonepossiblefactorthatexplainstheteachersubjectsbehaviourA.Economicfactor.B.Biologicalfactor.C.Culturalfactor.D.Historicalfactor.解析选B 细节理解题根据第六段第一句可知,对于扮演“教师”的实验对象的行为可能的原因是,某种内在的动物攻击本能被实验激活了显然,这属于生物学上的因素故选项B符合题意15.WhatstheauthorspurposewiththisarticleA.Tointroduceaproblemsociobiologydealswith.B.Toexplainascientificphenomenon.C.Toreportanexperimentthatfocusesoneducation.D.Toargueagainstascientificview.解析选A 写作意图题综合文章内容尤其是最后一段第
二、三句可知,本文通过米尔格兰姆所做的行为主义心理学的实验来介绍与社会生物学的相关研究故选项A符合题意。