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Unit3puters
一、阅读理解阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项A、B、C和D中,选出最佳选项2018·福州市高三毕业班适应性练习NohumanhassetfootontheMoonsince
1972.Now,aftermorethanfourdecadesofinactivity,interestinputtinghumansbackontheMoonisfinallyheatingupagain.ButwhowillgettherefirstCHINAOn14December2013,ChinasuccessfullylandeditsJadeRabbitrover探测车ontheMoon.Itisnowworkingonitsnextexplorationmission.NamedChange4,themissionisscheduledtotouchdownintheAitkenBasinneartheendof
2018.Ifsuccessful,itwillbethefirstlandingontheMoonsfarside.RUSSIARussiaplansamannedMoonlandingin
2030.ItiscurrentlyworkingonaprojectwhoseideaisthatthelanderswillexplorethesouthpoleoftheMoon,exploringforresourcessuchasmineralsandwatericetobeusedtoprovideforahumanoutpost前哨站.INDIAFollowingthesuccessofitsChandrayaan1in2008,Indiaannouncedafollowonmission.Chandrayaan2wasmeanttocooperatewithRussia.ButwhentheRussiansfailedtodeliverthepromisedlanderin2013,Indiadecidedtogoitalone.Chandrayaan2isabouttobesentupin
2018.USAInDecember2018,NASAplanstosenduptheExplorationMission1,anuncrewedtestoftheirOrionastronautcapsuleinwhichthecraftwillcirclearoundtheMoonbeforereturningtoEarth.Allbeingwell,acrewedcapsulewillfollowin
2023.Shouldthemissionproveasuccess,theastronautswillbethefirsthumanstoseethefarsideoftheMoonwiththeirowneyessinceApollo17in
1972.1.WhatwillChinadoinitsnextspacemissionA.ImproveitsJadeRabbitrover.B.Workwithothercountries.C.LandChange4ontheMoon.D.ExplorethesouthpoleoftheMoon.2.WhydidIndiatrytocarryoutitsfollowonmissionaloneA.Itcouldntfindapartner.B.Itdidntgetthelanderasplanned.C.TheRussiansrefusedtoworkwithIndia.D.ItplannedtolaunchChandrayaan2inadvance.3.WhichcountryisinterestedinresourcesontheMoonA.Russia. B.China.C.India.D.USA.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了中国、俄罗斯、印度和美国的登月计划【难句分析】ItiscurrentlyworkinganaprojectwhoseideaisthatthelanderswillexplorethesouthpoleoftheMoon,exploringforresourcessuchasmineralsandwatericetobeusedtoprovideforahumanoutpost前哨站.分析该句为主从复合句句中whoseideaisthatthelanderswillexplorethesouthpoleoftheMoon,exploringforresourcessuchasmineralsandwatericetobeusedtoprovideforahumanoutpost前哨站为whose引导的定语从句,修饰先行词aproject;该定语从句中含有that引导的表语从句译文当前俄罗斯正启动一项工程,其思路是登陆器将探索月球的南极,寻找矿物质和水冰等资源以供人类前哨站使用1.C 考查细节理解根据第二段第三句“NamedChange4themissionisscheduledtotouchdownintheAitkenBasinneartheendof2018”可知,嫦娥四号将在2018年底降落在月球AitkenBasin地区据此可知,中国的下一步空间计划是嫦娥四号登月,故C项正确根据第三段第二句“ItiscurrentlyworkingonaprojectwhoseideaisthatthelanderswillexplorethesouthpoleoftheMoon”可知,探索月球南极是俄罗斯的计划,而不是中国的计划,故D项错误;A、B项文中没有提及2.B 考查细节理解根据第四段第三句“ButwhentheRussiansfailedtodeliverthepromisedlanderin2013Indiadecidedtogoitalone”可知,由于俄罗斯没能给印度提供着陆器,故印度决定自己实施登月计划,故B项正确根据第四段第二句“Chandrayaan2wasmeanttocooperatewithRussia”可知,印度Chandrayaan2任务计划和俄罗斯合作完成,故A项错误;根据第四段第三句可知,俄罗斯没能给印度提供着陆器,而不是拒绝合作,故C项错误;D项文中没有提及3.A 考查细节理解根据第三段第二句“ItiscurrentlyworkingonaprojectwhoseideaisthatthelanderswillexplorethesouthpoleoftheMoon,exploringforresourcessuchasmineralsandwatericetobeusedtoprovideforahumanoutpost前哨站”可知,当前俄罗斯正启动一项工程,其思路是登陆器将探索月球的南极,寻找矿物质和水冰等资源以供人类前哨站使用故A项正确
二、单句语法填空1.EveryyearafloodoffarmersarriveinShenzhenforthemoneymakingjobsthey________promisebefore.答案havebeenpromised 由主句谓语动词的时态及从句的时间副词before可知,本从句的谓语动词应用现在完成时,且they和promise之间存在被动关系,故填havebeenpromised2.________personIthinkheisaverygoodmanbutyoumaynotagree.答案Personally 副词personally“就我个人而言”,相当于personallyspeaking3.Itwontbelong________weknowtheresultoftheexperiment.答案before Itwontbelongbefore...“不久之后就……”,是固定句式4.Hewas________totaluninterestedinsports.答案totally 应用副词修饰形容词uninterested,故填totally5.AnhourlaterIwokeupsuddenlywiththe________solveclearlyinmind.答案solution 由空前the可知此处应用名词solution“解决方法”6.Amanstoodupandcrossedhisarmsoverhishead________signalthathewasstronglyopposed.答案signalling 句中已有谓语动词stood和crossed,由空前逗号知应用非谓语动词形式,且signal与逻辑主语Aman之间是主动关系,且signal和句子谓语stoodup及crossed所表示的动作同时发生,因此填signalling7.Severalproblemslikethose________ariseatthepowerplantsofar.答案havearisen 由“sofar”可知应用现在完成时8.Thestudentsarelookingforwardtohavinganopportunity________exploresocietyforreallifeexperience.答案toexplore haveanopportunitytodosth.“有机会做某事”9.Thelawneedstobe________simple.答案simplified needtodosth.“需要做某事”,由设空前的be动词及句意可知,此处需用动词的过去分词构成被动语态,故填simplified10.Wereceived400________applyforthejob.答案applications 由修饰限定词400可知,此处应填名词,且用其复数形式
三、完形填空阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出可能填入空白处的最佳选项IlivedinDallas,Texasnearlyallmylifewithmydad,momandyoungerbrother.Wewereraisedto__1__others,valueeducation,andgetallthatwecouldoutoflife.Myparentsalwayssay,“Work__2__andtheworldisyours.”Theyare__3__withoutahelpfulwordof__4__orabitofencouragementwhenlifegets__5__.Myparentsalways__6__metogotocollege.HoweverwhenI__7__at16yearsoldthatIdrathergetmarriedtoaman__8__gotocollege,theyneverstoppedtellingmetheylovedmeandIcoulddoanythingIwantedto.Thankfully,theypersuadedme.Igraduatedfromhighschoolandcurrently__9__theUniversityofOklahomastudyingmedicine.Iwanttomaketheworlda__10__placetolivein.EverytimeIcallhometotellthemaboutagradereceivedinthechemistrylabor__11__classitisthatImworkinghardestonforthemoment,theytellmehow__12__ofmetheyare.Iknowtherearecollegekidsouttherethathavenooneto__13__hometowhentheygetan“A”onaprojectandIfeelincredibly__14__tohavemyparents.Theynever__15__lovingmeorbelievinginme.ParentsarethebestgiftthatGodgivesme.__16__theirconstantloveandencouragement,IwouldntbelieveIcan__17__theworld.Myparents__18__metoalwaysfightforwhatI__19__in.SoImworkingtowardsomethingreallygreatandcanonlyhopeI__20__tomakethemproud.1.A.inspire B.respectC.guideD.follow2.A.hardB.solidlyC.attentivelyD.intelligently3.A.sometimesB.anytimeC.everD.never4.A.methodB.adviceC.educationD.introduction5.A.toughB.smoothC.brightD.happy6.A.remindedB.supposedC.designedD.expected7.A.decidedB.hesitatedC.judgedD.remembered8.A.butB.andC.thanD.while9.A.joinedB.attendedC.servedD.admitted10.A.fortableB.suitableC.peacefulD.better11.A.wheneverB.whicheverC.whereverD.however12.A.ashamedB.nervousC.proudD.modest13.A.goB.runC.returnD.call14.A.blessedB.annoyedC.praisedD.relaxed15.A.stoppedB.helpedC.blamedD.prevented16.A.WithB.WithoutC.UnderD.Beneath17.A.changeB.destroyC.conquerD.challenge18.A.forcedB.orderedC.allowedD.taught19.A.enjoyB.workC.believeD.live20.A.wantB.wishC.haveD.continue【解题导语】爸爸、妈妈、弟弟和“我”住在达拉斯,父母教育我们要尊重别人,重视教育,他们的爱和鼓励对“我”意义重大1.B 根据全文内容可知,父母教育我们要尊重别人,重视教育respect意为“尊敬,尊重”,符合语境2.A 父母总是教育我们“努力工作,世界就是你们的”故选A3.D 当生活变得艰难时,父母总会给我们有益的建议或一些鼓励neverwithout为双重否定,表示肯定的意思4.B 参见上题解析ahelpfulwordofadvice表示“有用的建议”5.A 参见3题解析tough“艰难的,艰苦的”6.D 根据该段中的“Thankfullytheypersuadedme”可知,父母一直期望“我”上大学并最终说服了“我”expect“期望,期待”7.A 根据下文父母对“我”的劝说可知,16岁时“我”决定decided结婚而不是上大学8.C 16岁时“我”决定结婚而不是上大学wouldrather...than...为固定用法,表示“宁愿……而不愿……”9.B 根据文中的“theypersuadedme.Igraduatedfromhighschooland...medicine”可知,“我”高中毕业后上了一所大学attend意为“经常去,定期去学校、教堂等”10.D 根据文中的“theUniversityofOklahomastudyingmedicine”可知,“我”主修医学,想让这个世界成为更好的better可供人们生活的地方11.B 每次当“我”打电话告诉他们“我”在实验室里的成绩或是“我”当时正努力学习的任何一门课程时,他们会告诉“我”他们以“我”为傲whicheverclass意为“无论哪一门课”12.C 父母以“我”取得的成绩而自豪beproudof为固定用法,意为“以……自豪”13.D “我”知道有的大学生在得到一个“A”时,因没家人所以无法打电话回家故选D14.A 和那些得了“A”却没有家人可告知的同学相比,“我”有这样的父母是非常有福的blessed意义“有福的”15.A 父母从不停止对“我”的爱,从不停止对“我”的信赖stopdoingsth.“停止做某事”16.B 没有Without父母持续不断的爱和鼓励,“我”不可能相信“我”能改变世界17.A 参见上题解析故选A18.D 父母一直教育taught“我”去为“我”认为对的事而奋斗19.C 参见上题解析believeinsth.“认为某事好或对、可接受”,符合语境20.D “我”会继续努力,希望父母继续为“我”感到自豪continuetodosth.表示“继续做某事”,为固定用法
四、单句改错1.Wearesurethateverythingwillbebetterwithtimegoesby.________________________________________________________答案with→as或goes→going astimegoesby与withtimegoingby均表示“随着时间的推移”as在此为连词,后接句子;with为介词,可看作with的复合结构作状语2.Canyougivemesomeadviceonwhattodealwiththisproblem________________________________________________________答案what→how或deal→do whattodowith...=howtodealwith...“如何处理……”3.ThereisverymuchhomeworkthatIcanthavemuchtimetoexperiencenature.________________________________________________________答案very→so so...that...“如此……以至于……”4.Hewaslateasaresulttheheavysnow.________________________________________________________答案result后加of asaresultof...“由于……”5.IamalwaysdreamingofvisitingChinaandnowmydreamhasbeenetrue.________________________________________________________答案去掉been etrue是不及物动词短语,不能用于被动语态
五、七选五By2025,watershortagewillbeabigproblemforabout
1.8billionpeople.Inaworldwherewaterresourceisincreasinglyshort,nationscannotaffordtowasteit.__1__Afterweusewaterinourhomesandbusinesses,itiswashedaway,andtakesmanyvaluableresourceswithit.Wastewaterisrichincarbonandnutrients.__2__Anumberofnationsandmajorcitieshavealreadybuiltwastewatertreatmentplants.Theycaneffectivelyrecovernutrientsandbioenergy,andproduce“newwater”thatcanbereused.Butmorethan80%ofallwastewaterstillcurrentlyflowsintonaturalecosystems,pollutingtheenvironmentandtakingvaluablenutrientsandotherrecoverablematerialswithit.__3__Thisisstillbetterthanthesituationinsmallercities.InLatinAmericancountries,thoselivinginsmallandmediumsizedcitiesatmosttreatitintheformofseptictanks化粪池thatlackregularandpropermaintenance.Imaginethatoutsideoneofthesesmallcitiesliesalovelypieceofland onthesurfaceitispleasinglybuiltandprovideshabitatsforlocalwildlife.Beneaththesurfaceisawetlandthattreatswastewaterandproducesenergy.Theenergyproducedsavesfamiliesfromhavingtousefirewoodcollectedinthewild.Thisisnotadreamproject.__4__Ateamofscientistshavebeenlookingintothepotentialofconstructedwetlandenvironments.Havinganalyzed800examplesofbiomassinmorethan20countries,theyfoundthat,dependingonclimateandthetypeofplantusedintheconstructionofthistypeofwetland,upto45hectaresoflandcouldbeirrigatedwithwastewater.__5__A.Butthatisexactlywhatwedo.B.Thiscanprovideeasyaccesstocleanwater.C.Thereisnolongeranygoodreasontowasteanytypeofwater.D.Aconstructedwetlandenvironmentisalreadyinpracticeonasmallscale.E.Thiswouldreducetheneedforfreshwaterforirrigationandenergyforpumping.F.Ifcollectedandtreatedproperly,itcouldprovide“newwater”,fertilizer,andenergy.G.Althoughwastewatersystemsinlargecitiesareeffective,thewholeprocedureusuallycostsmuch.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了当前世界水资源的现状以及有效利用水资源的方法1.A 上文说在水资源短缺的大环境下,很多国家不能承担浪费的后果,下文说我们用完水后,就直接把水冲走根据上下文可知,A项“但是那正是我们所做的”与此处匹配,起承上启下作用,故选A2.F 上文说废水富含碳元素和养分,而F项说如果收集和处理得当,它就能提供“新的水”、肥料和能量,前后形成语义上的衔接,故选F3.G 下文讲述的是拉丁美洲的中小城市的废水处理系统缺乏常规和合适的维护,而G项提到大城市的废水处理系统有效但成本高,与本段内容吻合,故选G4.D 上文提到在这些小城市建造湿地环境的设想,下文提到已经有科学家在研究建造的湿地环境的潜力了,由此可知,D项“建造的湿地环境已经在小范围的实践中了”符合语境5.E 上文讲述的是这种解决方案的另一种好处是人们可以用废水灌溉农田,而E说这可以减少用淡水灌溉的需求及抽水所需的能量,前后语义衔接,故选E。