（通用版）2019高考英语二轮复习第一板块阅读理解之题型篇专题一第四讲词义猜测题—上下文中求答案讲义

第四讲词义猜测题——上下文中求答案[考查内容][设问方式]　　根据上下文猜测词义是阅读能力的一部分，也是高考阅读理解测试中重要的一项要做好这类题目，考生要记住在完整的语篇中，单词和词组的意义总是受特定的语境、上下文限制的，因此考生可以根据上下文，并利用所掌握的语法、词汇和构词法等知识确定它们的意义词义猜测可以是对一个单词的意义的推断，也可以是对一个短语或句子的意义的推断；既可以考查生词的意义，也可以考查熟词的新义，还可以是对替代词所替代内容的判断在阅读理解题中，所考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，而要根据短文提供的语境，通过阅读上下文，根据已知的信息或常识来推测尚不熟悉的词或短语的含义Bysayingthat“...”inthefirstsecond...paragraphtheauthormeansthat________.InParagraph...“...”canbereplacedby“______”．Themeaningof“...”inParagraph...isrelatedto________.Whichofthefollowinghastheclosestmeaningto...Paragraph...？AsisusedinLine...theword“...”refersto________.Theunderlinedsentenceinthe...paragraphprobablymeansthat________.　　　　　　　　词义猜测题7大猜词技巧要做好词义猜测题，考生除了必须熟练掌握《考试大纲》规定的词汇外，在平时的训练中还要注意积累生词和短语，掌握构词法的基本知识，对于各种前、后缀的变化形式了然于心，还要学会根据上下文语境进行合理推测，掌握一定的解题技巧根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词或短语，下面接着出现其定义或解释标点符号，如逗号后的解释名词同位语、破折号后的解释、括号内的解释等这都是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据例如

①Annealingisawayofmakingmetalsofterbyheatingitandthenlettingitcoolveryslowly.句子给予了annealing一个明确的定义，即“退火”

②Itwillbeveryhardbutalsoverybrittle—thatisitwillbreakeasily.从thatis也就是说后的解释中我们可以了解到，brittle是“脆的”意思

③Theherdsman_wholooksaftersheepearnsabout650yuanayear.定语从句中looksaftersheep就表明了herdsman的词义为“牧人”

④Theweatherinthisareaistreacherous;_itssuddenchangesoftenendangerthelivesofsailors.分号后的句子在解释什么样的天气是treacheroussuddenchange与treacherous在语义上相对应，因此含义是“突变的”

⑤Somegoodreadersfindithelpfultousetheirsensetovisualize—orpicture—whattheyread.visualize的意思由破折号后的picture想象给出了说明，因此含义为“想象”

⑥WhenPresidentTorrijosofPanamametCarterhetriedtogivehimafriendlyabrazohug．abrazo对大多数人来说都很陌生，但由括号内的hug拥抱，我们不难推测abrazo也是“拥抱”的意思[例]　2018·全国卷Ⅰ阅读C节选Soonafterwardsmanyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntobeefarmersandtheirlanguagestoobecamemoresettledandfewerinnumber.Inrecentcenturiestradeindustrialisationthedevelopmentofthenation­stateandthespreadofuniversalpulsoryeducationespeciallyglobalisationandbettermunicationsinthepastfewdecadesallhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappearanddominantlanguagessuchasEnglishSpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.29．Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“dominant”underlinedinparagraph2A．plex.　　　　B．Advanced.C．Powerful.D．Modern.[分析]　根据画线词所在句子可知，人类社会发展的很多因素导致许多语言消失，而逐渐被英语、西班牙语、汉语等语言取代，画线词前后的解释暗示了这些语言逐渐占主导地位，故选C项powerful强大的，有影响力的根据同位关系进行猜测阅读中出现的难词有时后面紧跟一个同位语，对前面的词进行解释，因此可利用同位关系对前面的词义或句意进行猜测例如

①Theytraveledalongwayatlastgottoacastle_alargebuildinginoldtimes.同位语部分“alargebuildinginoldtimes”给出了castle的确切词义，即古时候的“城堡”

②Weareonthenight_shift—frommidnightto8a．m.—thisweek.两个破折号之间的短语很清楚地表明nightshift是“夜班”的意思

③The“Chunnel”，atunnel隧道connectingEnglandandFranceisnowplete.此句中“atunnel隧道connectingEnglandandFrance”是Chunnel的同位语因此，Chunnel指的就是英法之间的海底隧道[例]　2016·全国卷Ⅰ阅读C节选IamPeterHodesavolunteerstemcellcourier.SinceMarch2012Ivedone89trips—ofthose51havebeenabroad.Ihave42hourstocarrystemcells干细胞inmylittleboxbecauseIvegottwoicepacksandthatshowlongtheylast.Inallfromthetimethestemcellsareharvestedfromadonor捐献者tothetimetheycanbeimplantedinthepatientwevegot72hoursatmost.SoIamalwaysconsciousoftime.29．Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“courier”inParagraph1A．providerB．deliverymanC．collectorD．medicaldoctor[分析]　“avolunteerstemcellcourier”是“PeterHodes”的同位语；根据文中“Ihave42hourstocarrystemcells干细胞inmylittlebox”可知，PeterHodes的任务就是将捐献者捐献的干细胞运送给需要的病人，即作者是干细胞递送员故选择B项根据构词法前缀、后缀、派生等进行猜测在英语中，有很多词可以通过增加前缀和后缀的方式，构成新词乍看起来，这个词可能是新词，但在掌握了一定的构词知识之后，就不难猜出它的词义例如

①“Ourpartiesareaimedforchildren2to10，”Anacleriosaid“andtheyreveryinteractiveandcreativeinthattheybuiltasenseofdramabasedonasubject.”文中interactive是由前缀inter­相互的和active活动的，活跃的构成的，同时根据上下文的意思可以判断，该词的含义应是“互动的”

②Perhapswecanseesomepossibilitiesfornextfiftyyears.Butthenexthundredpossibility是possible的同根名词，据此可以判断possibility的意思是“可能性”[例]　2016·全国卷Ⅰ阅读D节选Asilenceinaconversationmayalsoshowstubbornnessuneasiness_orworry.[分析]　根据构词法知识我们可知，un­为否定前缀，­ness为名词后缀，easy舒适为词根因此，我们可猜测uneasiness为“不安；担忧”之意根据因果关系进行猜测在一篇阅读文章中，根据原因可以预测结果，根据结果也可以找出原因例如

①Thelackofmovementcausedthemusclestoweaken.Sometimestheweaknesswaspermanent.Sotheplayercouldneverplaythesportagain.从后面的结果“永远不能再运动”可以推测permanent的意思为“永远的，永久的”

②MarydidntnoticemewhenIcameintotheclassroombecauseshewaspletelyengrossedinherreading.从前面的结果“当我走进教室时，玛丽没有注意到我”可以推测engrossed的意思为“全神贯注的”

③Ourvisionwasobscuredbythetreessowecouldntseethelakefromourwindow.由后面的结果couldntsee看不见可知，我们的视线被树遮挡住obscured了[例]　2018·全国卷Ⅱ阅读B节选…Ifyouhavea_juicer_youcansimplyfeedinfrozenbananasandsomeberriesorslicedfruit.Outesa“softserve”creamydesserttobeeatenrightaway.Thismakesafunactivityforachildrensparty;theylovefeedingthefruitandfrozenbananasintothetopofthemachineandwatchingtheicecreameoutbelow.26．Whatis“ajuicer”inthelastparagraphA．Adessert.B．Adrink.C．Acontainer.D．Amachine.[分析]　该段第一句含有一个if引导的条件状语从句，若满足该条件，则产生的结果是第一句的后半句和第二句，“youcansimplyfeedinfrozenbananasandsomeberriesorslicedfruit.Outesa‘soft­serve’creamydesserttobeeatenrightaway.”即“将冰冻香蕉和其他莓类、水果片放进去，出来的是奶油状甜品”由此因果关系可推知juicer指的是榨汁机故选择D项根据上下文的指代关系进行猜测文章中的代词itthathehim或them可以指代上文提到的人或物，其中it和that还可以指代一件事有时代词指代的对象相隔较远，要认真查找；有时也需要对前面提到的内容进行总结，才能得出代词所指代的事物例如

①LikeSchmidtheeditorsofseveralself­publishedartmagazinesalsochampion捍卫foundphotographs.Oneofthem_calledsimplyFoundwasbornonesnowynightinChicagowhenDavyRothbardreturnedtohiscartofindunderhiswiper雨刷anangrynoteintendedforsomeoneelse“WhysyourcarHEREatHERplace？”them指的是前面出现的self­publishedartmagazines

②Howeverthequestionthat“moonpeople”askedisstillaninterestingone.Agrowingnumberofscientistsareseriouslythinkingaboutit.it指的是月球人moonpeople所问的问题thequestion[例]　2017·全国卷Ⅰ阅读C节选…

[2]DespitethecelebrationsthoughintheU．S.thejazzaudiencecontinuestoshrinkandgrowolderandthemusichasfailedtoconnectwithyoungergenerations.

[3]ItsJasonMoransjobtohelpchangethat.AstheKennedyCentersartisticadviserforjazzMoranhopestowidentheaudienceforjazzmakethemusicmoreaccessibleandpreserveitshistoryandculture.…29．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inparagraph3refertoA．Jazzbeingmoreaccessible.B．Theproductionofjazzgrowingfaster.C．Jazzbeinglesspopularwiththeyoung.D．Thejazzaudiencebeinglarger.[分析]　根据语境可知，画线词that指代第二段“DespitethecelebrationsthoughintheU．S.thejazzaudiencecontinuestoshrinkandgrowolderandthemusichasfailedtoconnectwithyoungergenerations.”的内容，即爵士乐听众的数量减少并且趋于老龄化，不受年轻人喜欢的现状故选C根据同义或近义关系进行猜测在同一句、同一段或同一篇文章中，作者为了避免语言的单调、重复，有时会使用意思相同或相近的词因此，考生只要读懂上下文，知道其中一个词的意思，就能猜出另外一个词的意思[例]　2018·全国卷Ⅲ阅读D节选Adultsunderstandwhatitfeelsliketobefloodedwithobjects.Whydoweoftenassumethatmore_is_morewhenitestokidsandtheirbelongingsThegoodnewsisthatIcanhelpmyownkidslearnearlierthanIdidhowtolivemorewithless.…32．Whatdothewords“moreismore”inparagraph1probablymeanA．Themorethebetter.B．Enoughisenough.C．Moremoneymoreworries.D．Earnmoreandspendmore.[分析]　根据该段第一句“Adultsunderstandwhatitfeelsliketobefloodedwithobjects.”可知，作者认为成年人都理解物质过剩的那种感觉，后面又用反问句提出了问题但是，说到孩子们和他们的物品，我们为什么通常又认定moreismore呢？由此推知，这里的moreismore与前面的floodedwith为近义呼应，指“越多越好”故选A根据转折或对比关系进行猜测根据上下句的连接词，如buthoweverotherwise等可以推断上下文之间的逻辑关系，从而可以依据某一句的含义，来确定另一句的含义另外，分号也可以表示转折、对比或不相干的意义例如

①Achildsbirthdaypartydoesnthavetobeahassle;_itcanbeabasketoffun.从分号前后两句的意思可以看出，hassle和abasketoffun是相反的意义，所以不难判断hassle的意思是“困难，麻烦”

②Sheisusuallypromptforallherclassbuttodayshearrivedinthemiddleofherfirstclass.but一词表示转折，因此but前后的意思正好相反根据后半句的意思“她今天第一节课上了一半才来”，可得出她平时一向“准时”的结论

③TheplayersintheWorldCupareprofessionalswhilethosewhoplayintheOlympicsmustbeamateurs.由于转折词“while”引导的两个分句前后意义相反，我们可推测出amateurs是professionals专业人士的反义词，意思为“业余人士，业余选手”[例]　2017·全国卷Ⅲ阅读C节选…GraywolvesoncewereseenhereandthereintheYellowstoneareaandmuchofthecontinentalUnitedStatesbuttheyweregraduallydisplacedbyhumandevelopment.Bythe1920swolveshadpracticallydisappearedfromtheYellowstonearea.TheywentfarthernorthintothedeepforestsofCanadawheretherewerefewerhumansaround.…29．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“displaced”inparagraph2meanA．Tested.B．Separated.C．Forcedout.D．Trackeddown.[分析]　画线词的前句说明在黄石公园和美洲大部分地区曾有许多的灰狼，连词but转折了句子意义，后来由于人类的发展，灰狼数量逐渐减少，几乎消失，由此可推断出画线词的意思为“被迫离开”，故选择C项[课堂应用体验]　AKruberaCaveinthewesternCaucasusMountainsisthedeepestknowncaveintheworld.AninternationalteampreparedtodescendintoKrubera.Theteammembershopedtobethefirstcaverstoreachadepthof2000metersbroughtfivetonsofequipmentandothernecessitieswiththemandestablishedcampsatkeylocationsalongtheroute.Theyworkedforupto20hourseachday.Inthethirdweekprogresswasblockedat1775metersbyasump—acavepassagefilledwithwaterthatgivescaversfewoptions.Therearebasicallythreetechniquesavailable:divethroughitemptyitorgoaroundit.GennadiySamokhindovetothebottombutwasdisappointed.“Nochancetogetthrough，”hesaid.SearchingforawayaroundthesumpGarciaDilsriskedenteringawaterfallofnearfreezingwateranddiscoveredthathisdrysuithadholesinit.“ThewaterwassocoldthatIlostthefeelinginmyfingers，”hesaidlater.Hetoowasunsuccessful.FinallytwoteammatesfoundawayaroundthesumpthroughatightpassagetheycalledtheWaytotheDream.Theteamwasexhilarated.Thepassageledtoyetanothersumpat1840meters.AfterashorttestdiveSamokhinemergedsmiling.Therewasapromisingpassagehereported.Butitwouldhavetowait.Afternearlyfourweekswithsuppliesrunninglowtheteamhadrunoutoftimeandwouldhavetoreturntothesurface.FourweekslaterateamofnineUkrainiancaversledbyYuriKasjanwentbacktoKrubera.Followingthepathopenedbythepreviousteamtheyreachedthesumpat1840metersrelativelyquickly.Aftermuchsearchingapit坑laternamedtheMillenniumPitwasdiscoveredthatallowedthemtopassthe2000meterdepth.Morepitsandpassagesledthemto2080metersaspottheynamedGameOver.Butthecavinggameisneverover.Deepercaveswillprobablycontinuetobediscoveredandcallouttobeexplored.语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文文章讲述了探洞穴者对世界上最深的洞穴——库鲁伯亚拉洞穴进行探索的过程1．WhydidtheteamreturntothesurfaceafternearlyfourweeksA．Theywerelackinginsupplies.B．Theyhadachievedtheirgoal.C．Theycouldntgothroughthesump.D．TheygavetheirtasktoYuriKasjansteam.解析选A　细节理解题根据第三段中的“Afternearlyfourweekswithsuppliesrunninglowtheteamhadrunoutoftimeandwouldhavetoreturntothesurface.”可知，因为物资逐渐短缺，探洞穴者被迫返回地面2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“exhilarated”probablymeanA．Cheerful.　　　　　　B．Powerful.C．Confused.D．Exhausted.解析选A　词义猜测题根据画线词前的“twoteammatesfoundawayaroundthesumpthroughatightpassagetheycalledtheWaytotheDream”可知，两名队员找到了通过水坑的通道，所以他们应该很高兴，故选A项3．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothetextA．GameOverwasdiscoveredat2000meters.B．TheWaytotheDreambeginsat1840meters.C．TheMillenniumPitpassedthe2080metersdepth.D．Samokhinsteammatesfoundawayaroundasumpat1775meters.解析选D　细节理解题根据第二段中的“progresswasblockedat1775metersbyasump”以及第三段中的“twoteammatesfoundawayaroundthesumpthroughatightpassage”可知，Samokhin在1775米处找到了绕过水坑的通道4．WhatisthetextmainlyaboutA．ThefeaturesofKruberaCave.B．Famouscavesaroundtheworld.C．AjourneyofexploringKruberaCave.D．TheimportanceofexploringKruberaCave.解析选C　主旨大意题本文讲述了探洞穴者对世界上最深的洞穴——库鲁伯亚拉洞穴进行探索的过程，故选C项BTherehasbeenmuchdebateoverthepastfewdecadesconcerningfearsthatautomationwillleadtorobotsreplacinghumanworkersonamassivescale.Theincreasinguseofroboticsputersandartificialintelligenceisarealitybutitsfullconsequencesarefarfromcut_and_dried.Whilethefutureisuncertainrobotsareafixtureofoursocietywhicharenotgoingtodisappear.AswiththeIndustrialRevolutionwheremachineswereusedinmanytasksinplaceofmanuallaborerstheDigitalRevolutionislikelytoplacerobotsinvariousjobs.InspiteofthatmanyoftodaysjobswerenotinexistencebeforetheIndustrialRevolutionsuchasthoseofprogrammersengineersanddatascientists.Exactlywhatnewkindsofjobsmightexistinthefutureisdifficulttoimagineatpresent.Thereforethemostimportantpartoftheissueisnotwhetherjobswillbelostbutwhetherthecreationofnewvacancies空缺willoutpacetheever­increasingnumberoflossesandwhatskillswillberequiredinthefuture.SowhichworkersareconsideredtobeatparticularriskIthasbeensuggestedthatmiddle­skilljobsinvolvingroutineandsetrulessuchasthoseinofficeadministrationcouldbeassignedtoputers.Whilepattern­recognizingsoftwarewillsoonbeabletodiagnosediseasesbothearlierandmoreaccuratelythandoctors.Howeverthisdoesnotnecessarilysignalthereplacementofhumandoctors.Futuristsforeseedoctorsusingpatientswearabledevicestocollectandmonitorphysiologicaldata.Likewisefarmerswillattendtolivestockwhosemicrosensorscouldindicatetheonsetofillnesswhileconsideringtheprocessofplantingcropsbasedonpredictivedatasetsaswellasanalyzingonlineweatherforecasts.Itisclearlynotallbadnewsasthedemandforemployeeswithskillsindataanalysiscodingputerscienceartificialintelligenceandhuman­machineinterfaceiscontinuallyrising.Furthermorethedemandforskillsinjobswherehumanssurpassputerssuchasthoseinvolvingcarecreativityandinnovativecraftsmanshipislikelytoincreaseconsiderably.Finallythekeyliesintheadaptationoftheworkforcethroughappropriateeducationandtrainingtokeeppacewithourworldstechnologicalprogress.5．WhatisthemainconcernassociatedwithtechnologicaladvancesA．Safetyatwork.B．Boredomoflife.C．Increasedunemployment.D．Robotstakingovertheworld.解析选C　细节理解题由第一段中的“fearsthatautomationwillleadtorobotsreplacinghumanworkers”可知，人们担忧的是失业问题6．Whichisclosestinmeaningto“cutanddried”inParagraph2A．Directandlasting.B．Naturalandsatisfying.C．Importantandbeneficial.D．Clearanddefinite.解析选D　词义猜测题第二段中作者通过说明工业革命前人们并不知道会产生现在的一些新职业来表明面临数字化革命，我们同样无法预知将来会有哪些新型的职业产生，因此未来会是什么样子还不是完全明了和确定的Clearanddefinite7．WhichofthesejobsismostlikelytobereplacedbyrobotsA．Doctors.B．Officeworkers.C．Agriculturalworkers.D．Innovativecraftsmen.解析选B　细节理解题由第三段中的前两句话可知，最有可能被淘汰的是那些按常规做事的办公室行政职员8．WhatistheauthorsopinionA．Workersneedtostudytoadapttotechnologicalchanges.B．TherearefewnegativeconsequencestotheDigitalRevolution.C．Learningabouttechnologyisanaturalpartofhumandevelopment.D．Ourmaindutyistopredicttheever­increasingnumberofjoblosses.解析选A　推理判断题由最后一段最后一句可知，作者认为解决问题的关键是人们应该通过学习和培训跟上科技进步的步伐从而适应劳动市场的需求文体分类练一——应用文限时25分钟AScotlandTourfromLondonPrivatecar/minibus—6daysThehighlightofthisovernightUKtourisEdinburghwidelyregardedasoneofEuropesmosthandsomecities.YourroutetakesyouviatheancientuniversitycityofCambridgethehistorictownofStamfordandeitherElizabethanBurghleyHouseorthemagnificentChatsworthHouse.ContinuetoYorkforyourfirsttwonights.TakeawalkalongtheancientcitywallsofferingbeautifulviewsseethefineYorkMinsterinEnglandandthe“Shambles”，aperfectlypreservedstreetofMedievalhouses.OnyourwayNorthcrossHadriansWallbuiltbytheRomansabout120ADandtheromanticruinsofJedburghAbbeyandMelroseAbbeywheretheheartofRoberttheBruceisburied.OnyourwaytoEdinburghseeSirWalterScottshomeAbbotsfordHouseKelsoamarkettownwhichhedescribedas“themostbeautifulinScotland”andFloorsCastleScotlandslargestinhabitedcastleownedbytheDukeofRoxburghe.YouwillhavetwonightsinEdinburgh.SeeitsmuseumsandgalleriesEdinburghCastlethePalaceofHolyroodhousetheRoyalMilePrincesStreetandHopetounHouse.OnyourfourthdayvisitruinedLinlithgowPalacebirthplaceofMaryQueenofScotsanddrivethroughRobertBurnscountry.TheLakeDistrictisaregionofmajesticmountainscenerylakesandlushvalleys:visitWordsworthsCottageorElizabethanLevensHall.YourreturntoLondonwilltakeyouthroughStratford­upon­AvonimmortalisedbyShakespearetheCotswoldsandOxfordEnglandsoldestuniversity.TourpricesPassengersPriceMediumUpto2￡4160ExtralargeUpto5￡5360MinibusUpto11￡7305Pricesinclude:Pricesincludeyourguideprivatecar/minibusovernightallowanceforguidetaxandcollectionandreturntoyourcentralLondonhotel.Pricesdonotincludeentrancefeesparkingmealsorhotelswhichwecanremendaccordingtoyourpreferences.语篇解读本文是一篇应用文文章介绍了从伦敦出发到苏格兰的六天旅行行程的相关情况1．WhichofthefollowingisinaruinedstateA．YorkMinster.B．ChatsworthHouse.C．ElizabethanBurghleyHouse.D．JedburghAbbeyandMelroseAbbey.解析选D　细节理解题根据第三段中的“theromanticruinsofJedburghAbbeyandMelroseAbbeywheretheheartofRoberttheBruceisburied”可知选D项2．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothetextA．Stratford­upon­AvonisintheLakeDistrict.B．AbbotsfordHousewashometoRoberttheBruce.C．MaryQueenofScotswasborninLinlithgowPalace.D．EdinburghCastlewasownedbytheDukeofRoxburghe.解析选C　细节理解题根据第五段中的“OnyourfourthdayvisitruinedLinlithgowPalacebirthplaceofMaryQueenofScots”可知选C项3．Whatistherightorderofthesix­daytourA．London→York→theLakeDistrict→Edinburgh→London.B．London→York→Edinburgh→theLakeDistrict→London.C．London→Edinburgh→theLakeDistrict→York→London.D．London→Edinburgh→York→theLakeDistrict→London.解析选B　细节理解题根据文章中关于行程的具体介绍可知选B项BEnglishSchoolsTheresnosubstitutefortakinganEnglishcourseinahighqualitylanguageschoolinanEnglish­speakingcountry.Esl­loungeStudenthaspartneredwithsomeofthebestlanguageschoolsintheUK.Chooseaschoolfrombelow.WecanofferdiscountsonEnglishcourses!BurlingtonSchoolLondonBurlingtonSchoolislocatedinParsonsGreen15minutesbyundergroundfromthecentreofLondon.OurstandardofteachingishighwithcoursesinGeneralandSpecialistEnglish.Thecoffeebarisopenalldayservingfreshly­cookedmealsandtheschoolorganisesarangeofsocialactivitiestoplement补充theclasses.Studentsliveeitherinhomestaysorinoneofourhostels.SeeBurlingtonSchoolcoursesandsave10%UniversityofLiverpoolEnglishLanguageCentreYoucanhaveconfidenceintheUniversityofLiverpoolwhichisrankedinthetop1%ofhighereducationinstitutionsworldwide.WhilestudyinghereyouwillbenefitfrommodernanddynamicEnglishteachingmethodsinsmallclassesoffewerthan16students.SeeUniversityofLiverpoolcoursesandsave12%InteractiveEnglishSchoolBrightonWeareasmallfriendlyschool.Beingasmallschoolmeanswecancaterforyourindividualneedsmoreeasilythanlargerschoolscan.Allofourteachersarenativespeakersqualifiedandexperienced.Ourpricesareveryaffordableandstartfrom￡60perweekforfull­timecoursesof20lessons.SeeInteractiveEnglishSchoolcoursesandsave7%NewSchoolofEnglishCambridgeTheNewSchoolofEnglishislocatedinthebeautifulcityofCambridge.TheschoolisopenallyearandprovidesarangeofEnglishlanguagecoursesforadultsfromallovertheworldminimumage

16.ThesecoursescoverGeneralEnglishaswellascoursesforprofessionalslookingtofocusonspecifictopicareas.Theyhavearangeofacmodationchoicesforstudents.SeeNewSchoolofEnglishcoursesandsave5%语篇解读本文是一篇应用文文章介绍了四所优质的语言学校4．WhatcanweknowaboutBurlingtonSchoolA．Itisopenallyear.B．ItislocatedinLondon.C．Itprovidesnoacmodation.D．Itoffersnosocialpracticeclasses.解析选B　细节理解题根据BurlingtonSchoolLondon部分中的具体介绍“BurlingtonSchoolislocatedinParsonsGreen15minutesbyundergroundfromthecentreofLondon.”可知，柏林顿学校位于伦敦市，且乘地铁只需15分钟就能从市中心到达该学校5．WhichschooloffersthebiggestdiscountsA．BurlingtonSchool.B．NewSchoolofEnglish.C．UniversityofLiverpool.D．InteractiveEnglishSchool.解析选C　细节理解题根据介绍每个学校部分的最后一句可知，文中四所学校的折扣依次是10%12%7%和5%，因此第二所学校即利物浦大学的折扣最大6．HowisNewSchoolofEnglishdifferentfromtheothersA．Itsetsastrictagelimit.B．Itsacmodationisoptional.C．Itsteachersarequalifiedandexperienced.D．ItoffersGeneralandSpecialistEnglishcourses.解析选A　细节理解题根据NewSchoolofEnglishCambridge部分的“Theschool...providesarangeofEnglishlanguagecoursesforadultsfromallovertheworldminimumage16．”可知，只有年满16岁的成年人才可以进入该校学习其他学校没有提到关于年龄方面的限制7．WhowouldbeinterestedintheschoolsA．Englishprofessors.B．NativeEnglishspeakers.C．ForeignEnglishlearners.D．Staffofesl­loungeStudent.解析选C　推理判断题根据第一段中的“TheresnosubstitutefortakinganEnglishcourseinahighqualitylanguageschoolinanEnglish­speakingcountry.”和下文对学校的介绍可以推知，想学英语的外国学生可能会对这些学校感兴趣CWilliamWordsworthandtheLakeDistrictAfterwritingLyricalBallads1798BritainsgreatpoetWilliamWordsworthreturnedtohisrootsintheLakeDistrictandremainedthereuntilhisdeathin

1850.ThisintroductoryguidetakesyouthroughtheheartofWilliamWordsworthsLakeDistrictfromGrasmerethroughRydalMountviaAmblesidetoWindermere.GrasmereOn17thDecember1799WilliamWordsworthandhissisterDorothymovedintoDoveCottageGrasmere.HereWilliamWordsworthwroteOde:IntimationsofImmortalitythe1805PreludemostofPoemsinTwoVolumes1807andthePrefacetothesecondeditionofLyricalBalladsandDorothykeptherfamousGrasmereJournalnowondisplayinthemuseum.RydalMountWilliamWordsworthmovedfromDoveCottageinGrasmeretoRydalMountin

1813.Helivedhereuntilhisdeathin

1850.Thepropertyisstillownedbyhisdescendants后代．ThehouseissituatedbetweenAmblesideandGrasmereclosetoRydalWater.HerehelandscapedthegardenandwroteTheRiverDuddonEcclesiasticalSonnetsSurprisedbyJoyTheLongestDayandrevisedThePreludewhichappearedafterhisdeath.AmblesideWilliamWordsworthworkedinAmblesideatTheOldStampHousefrom1813－1843whenhewasDistributorofStampsforWestmoreland.In1820hepublishedhisGuidethroughtheDistrictoftheLakes.ThenhesucceededRobertSoutheyasPoetLaureate桂冠诗人inthesameyearasheresignedfromoffice.WindermereOutsideWindermereontheA591istheviewthatWilliamWordsworthdescribedinThePreludeBookⅣ.ThetowncameintoexistencewiththeKendalandWindermereRailwaywhichwasbuiltin

1844.TherailwaylineendsatWindermereRailwayStationthankstothelocaloppositiontoitscontinuationledbyWordsworthinspeechesletterstothepressandtwosonnets.语篇解读本文是一篇应用文文章介绍了对英国著名诗人威廉·华兹华斯的家乡的湖区之行8．WhichofthefollowingwaswritteninDoveCottageA．TheLongestDay.　　B．EcclesiasticalSonnets.C．GrasmereJournal.D．TheRiverDuddon.解析选C　细节理解题根据Grasmere部分中的“movedintoDoveCottageGrasmere...DorothykeptherfamousGrasmereJournal”可知选C项9．WhatdoweknowaboutRydalMountA．ItislocatedinGrasmere.B．ThePreludewaspublishedthere.C．WilliamWordsworthwroteLyricalBalladsthere.D．ItisownedbyWilliamWordsworthsfamilynow.解析选D　细节理解题根据RydalMount部分中的“Thepropertyisstillownedbyhisdescendants后代．”可知选D项10．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutWilliamWordsworthA．HedesignedagardeninGrasmere.B．HeworkedinAmblesidefor30years.C．HeandDorothywroteOde:IntimationsofImmortality.D．HearguedagainsttherailwaylineinThePreludeBookⅣ.解析选B　细节理解题根据Ambleside部分中的“WilliamWordsworthworkedinAmblesideatTheOldStampHousefrom1813－1843”可知，威廉·华兹华斯在Ambleside工作了30年11．WhendidWilliamWordsworthbeePoetLaureateA．In

1813.B．In

1820.C．In

1843.D．In

1850.解析选C　细节理解题Ambleside部分中的“WilliamWordsworthworkedinAmblesideatTheOldStampHousefrom1813－1843”以及“ThenhesucceededRobertSoutheyasPoetLaureate桂冠诗人inthesameyearasheresignedfromoffice.”可知，威廉·华兹华斯在1843年成为了桂冠诗人DLookingforalittlecultureCheckoutsomeofthevalleysfinestmuseumsandartexhibits.Fromcontemporarypaintingsdisplayedthroughtheglassofemptystorefrontstoreligiouspaintingstheresalwayssomethingforeveryone.BYUMuseumofArtNorthCampusDriveProvo:SpecializinginAmericanartfromthelate18thcenturytothepresentBYUMuseumofArthasthemostextensivecollectioninthevalley.Its17000permanentpaintingsphotographsprintsandsculpturesarehousedinatriangularbuildingarchitecturallydesignedtobeartitself.ThemuseumdisplaysworksbyartistssuchasJ.AldenWeirMahonriYoungMaynardDixonMinervaTeichertCarlBlochandRembrandt.Outsidethelandscapedsculpturegardenisarelaxingoasis舒适的地方.FromJanuary20thtoMay29ththemuseumwillbehostingtheexhibit:PhotographingSilence:JuanRulfosMexico.Admission:Free.Phone:801­422­

8287.Hours:10a．m.－9p．m.Monday;10a．m.－6p．m.Tuesday－Friday;1p．m.－5p．m.Saturday;ClosedSundays.StorefrontWindowDisplaysEmptystorefrontsthroughoutProvo:LocalartistsaremakinguseofvacantProvopropertieswiththeStorefrontGalleryprogram.OnCenterStreetandanumberofotherlocationsthroughoutthecityworksofartaredisplayedthroughtheglassoftheseemptybusinesses.Thisfreshstyleofdisplayispopularwithup­and­ingartistsaswellasthecasualpassers­bythatgettoenjoythedisplays.Admission:Freeallartisseenfromthesidewalk.Hours:Alldayeveryday.Website:.provodowntown.For­SaleGalleriesThroughoutthevalley:Visitingmercialgalleriescanbeauniquewaytogetyourartfix.SurroundedbyrestaurantsandedyclubsCenterStreetsWindowboxGallery801­377­4367featurespatrioticreligiousandWesternpieces.TheThomasKinkadeRenaissanceSignatureGallery801­226­8686intheUniversityMallfeaturesreligiouspiecesbyitsnamesakeartist.Citystreetsstrip­mallsandplazasaremonplacesfortheseever­changingmercialgalleries.UVSCWoodburyArtMuseum575EastUniversityParkway:LocatedinsidetheUniversityMalltheWoodburymuseumfeaturesavarietyofchangingexhibits.Themuseumwillfeatureafaculty学院exhibitduringthemonthofMarchandastudentexhibitduringthemonthofApril.Admission:Free.Phone:801­426­

6199.Hours:10a．m.－530p．m.Monday－Friday;10a．m.－8p．m.Saturday;ClosedSundays.语篇解读本文是一篇应用文文章介绍了美国犹他州小城Provo的一些艺术博物馆及有关展览12．WhencanyouadmirephotographsaboutMexicoA．10a．m.－9p．m.MondaysinJune.B．10a．m.－6p．m.TuesdaysinMay.C．10a．m.－8p．m.SaturdaysinApril.D．10a．m.－530p．m.SundaysinMarch.解析选B　细节理解题由第二段中的“FromJanuary20thtoMay29ththemuseumwillbehostingtheexhibit:PhotographingSilence:JuanRulfosMexico.”再结合BYUMuseumofArt的开放时间可知选B13．AtwhichplacecanpeoplerelaxinasculpturegardenA．BYUMuseumofArt.B．StorefrontWindowDisplays.C．For­SaleGalleries.D．UVSCWoodburyArtMuseum.解析选A　细节理解题由第二段中的“Outsidethelandscapedsculpturegardenisarelaxingoasis舒适的地方．”可知选A14．WhatdoweknowaboutStorefrontWindowDisplaysA．Theyfeatureexhibitsbystudents.B．Artworkisdisplayedinauniqueway.C．Itrequiresatickettoenjoytheexhibits.D．Theydisplayworksfromaroundtheworld.解析选B　细节理解题由第三段中的“worksofartaredisplayedthroughtheglassoftheseemptybusinesses.Thisfreshstyleofdisplay...toenjoythedisplays”可知选B15．WhichnumbercanyoucallifyouwanttobuyapicturebyThomasKinkadeA．801­422­

8287.B．801­377­

4367.C．801­226­

8686.D．801­426­

6199.解析选C　细节理解题由第四段中的“TheThomasKinkadeRenaissanceSignatureGallery801­226­8686intheUniversityMallfeaturesreligiouspiecesbyitsnamesakeartist.”可知选C1．语言特点语言简练，就其用词来看，文章里有大量生僻的专有名词，如地名、人名、机构名、组织名、书名、作品名等2．结构特点应用文主要用于传递信息，高考卷中所采用的应用文通常有两种行文方式一种是文中的几则信息构成平行并列结构，即每一则信息中的项目及其位置有一致性和对应性，几则信息前有时会用一个段落对文章信息作整体上的说明；另一种是针对某一主题分项、分条目地呈现信息，每个段落围绕小标题呈现某一方面的信息3．答题误区应用文阅读理解试题难度不大，故答题时要谨防过于草率出错的原因有可能是看信息时看错位置，也有可能是为了追求速度只凭大致印象答题因此，做题时一定要看准信息并在文章中找出相关信息以确保万无一失另外，不要一字不落地阅读全文，这样会浪费很多时间，而是应该有选择性地快速筛选和获取答题所需要的信息4．阅读策略应用文阅读理解总体上要做到稳、准、快，在确保准确率的基础上提高阅读速度，以节省时间解题时，要做到1快速浏览知主题快速浏览加粗字体的标题、小标题或加下划线的语句等最重要的信息，以了解语篇提供的是哪方面的信息，并判定行文方式2速读题干，跳读定位信息接下来阅读每一道试题，根据题干定位信息区间，并在文章中找出答案或相关信息在定位和寻找信息区间的时候，可以充分利用加粗字体的标题、小标题、加下划线的语句等重要信息提高阅读和解题速度，如果每则信息的项目及其位置具有一致性和对应性，就可利用其一致性和对应性快速查找答案，查找信息时不一定要读完全文3细读解题信息最后，根据查找的相关信息，经过比对选项选出正确答案文体分类练二——记叙文限时28分钟AThesunwasrisingwhenDarylsdeliverytruckreachedthehighway.Thiswasthebesttimeofdaytodrivewhentheroadswerewideopenandempty.HefeltsurehewasgoingtomakeittoLosAngelesbeforemidnight.Itlookedlikeitwasgoingtobeagoodday.Thenhesawitalargelumpinthemiddleoftheroad.Daryloftenpasseddeadanimalsontheroadsidebutheknewthatthiswassomethingdifferent.Heslammedonhisbrakesandthetruckscreechedtoahalt.Thelumpwasagirl.Hetriedshakingherawakebutshewouldntmovesohepickedherupandcarriedhertothesideoftheroad.Atleastshewouldntberunoverthere.Nowshewassomeoneelsesproblem.HehadtomakeittoLosAngelesbymidnightanddidnthavetimetobeahero.Heclimbedbackintohistruckbutashelookedinhismirrorandsawthegirllyingstillbythesideoftheroadheknewhecouldntleaveher.Darylputherintohistruckanddrovetothenexttown.Anhourlaterhepulledupatthepolicestation.Afterexplainingwhathadhappenedhepreparedtoleaveonlyforthepolicemantosaythatheneededtomakeareport.Darylknewthiswouldtakeseveralhoursbuthehadnochoice.TherewasnowayhedgettoLosAngelesontimenow.Threehourslaterthereportwasdoneandthegirlhadrecoveredsomewhat.Sheexplainedthatshehadfallenonthehighwayweakfromhungerbutcouldremembernothingelse.ShealsothankedDarylforsavingherlife.Daryltoldherthathehadbeenhappytohelpbutashegotbackintohistruckheknewhisbosswouldntbe.Justashewasabouttopullbackontotheroadhismothercalled.“Haveyouseen？”shesaid“AbridgecollapsedtwohoursagotheonethatyoudriveoveronthewaytoLosAngeles.”Daryls_blood_ran_cold.Ifhehadbeenontimehewouldhavebeenonthatfallenbridgeabouttwohoursago.Darylrealizedhowluckyhewas.语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文Daryl在送货途中看到一位晕倒的女孩，为了帮助她而耽误了不少时间，不能按时交货，他担心老板会生气此时母亲打电话过来，告诉他他要经过的一座桥梁在两小时前塌方了，Daryl因为帮助他人而逃过一劫1．WhatdidDarylplantodoinLosAngelesA．Goonholiday.　　　B．Deliversomegoods.C．Visithismum.D．Reporttohisboss.解析选B　细节理解题根据第一段第一句中的“Darylsdeliverytruck”可知他是去洛杉矶送货物的2．WhydidDarylfirstleavethegirlbythesideoftheroadA．Hedidntwanttobelate.B．Hethoughtthegirlwouldbefine.C．Heknewthatsomeoneelsewouldhelp.D．Heworriedthepolicewouldblamehim.解析选A　细节理解题根据第四段第二句“HehadtomakeittoLosAngelesbymidnightanddidnthavetimetobeahero.”可知，他需要在午夜之前赶到洛杉矶，怕救女孩而迟到，所以最初他把那位女孩留在路边3．HowdidDarylfeelafterheleftthepolicestationA．Confidentthathewouldbeontime.B．Angrythathehadtomakethereport.C．Proudthathehadsavedthegirlslife.D．Worriedthathisbosswouldbeangry.解析选D　细节理解题根据第六段最后一句中的“ashegotbackintohistruckheknewhisbosswouldntbe”可知，当他离开警察局回到自己车上的时候，他担心老板会生气4．Whatdoestheunderlinedexpression“Darylsbloodrancold”inthelastparagraphsuggestA．Darylwasnowfeelingmorerelaxed.B．Darylthoughthewouldbeintrouble.C．Darylwasgreatlyshockedbythenews.D．Darylfeltthesuddenchangeintemperature.解析选C　句意理解题根据上下文可知，Daryl出了警察局后，接到妈妈的电话说前方路上的桥梁塌方了，而他由于救助了那个女孩而幸免于难，所以这里表示Daryl对这个消息感到极度震惊BWhenIwasasmallboyInoticedthatthoughmanyoftheadultsaroundmewerewealthyandeducatedtheywerenotalwayshappyandthissometimesledthemtobehaveinwayswhichIasachildthoughtstrange.AsaresultofthatIdecidedtotrytounderstandwhathappinesswasandhowbesttoachieveit.ItwasnotsurprisingthenthatIdecidedtostudypsychology.OnarrivalattheuniversityIwasdisappointedtofindthatacademicpsychologistsweretryingtounderstandhumanbehaviourbystudyingratsinalab.Ifeltthattheremustbeothermoreusefulwaysoflearninghowwethinkandfeel.Idecidedtobuildmycareerontryingtodiscoverwhatmadeothershappy.Istartedoutbystudyingcreativepeoplesuchasmusiciansartistsandathletesbecausetheywerepeoplewhodevotedtheirlivestodoingwhattheywantedtodoratherthanthingsthatjustbroughtthemfinancialrewards.LaterIexpandedthestudybyinventingasystemcalled“theexperiencesamplingmethod”.Ordinarypeoplewereaskedtokeepanelectronicpager传呼机foraweekwhichgaveoutabeepingsoundeighttimesaday.Everytimeitdidsotheywrotedownwheretheywerewhattheyweredoinghowtheyfeltandhowmuchtheywereconcentrating.Thissystemhasnowbeenusedonmorethan10000peopleandtheanswersareconsistent:aswithcreativepeopleordinarypeoplearehappiestwhenconcentratinghard.Ifoundthatthemostobviouscauseofhappinessisintenseconcentration.Thismustbethemainreasonwhyactivitiessuchasmusicartliteraturesportsandotherformsofleisurehavesurvived.Inordertoconcentratewhetheryourereadingapoemorbuildingasandcastlewhatyouneedisachallengethatmatchesyourability.Thewaytoremaincontinuallyhappythereforeistokeepfindingnewopportunitiestoimproveyourskills.Thismaymeanlearningtodoyourjobbetterorfasterordoingothermoredifficultjobs.Asyougrowolderyouhavetofindnewchallengeswhicharemoreappropriatetoyourage.5．WhatledtheauthortostudypsychologyA．Hisdeterminationtobeerich.B．Hisobservationofadults.C．Hisunhappychildhood.D．Hisinterestinstrangers.解析选B　推理判断题第一段提到作者小时候看到周围富有且受过教育的成年人并不总是快乐的，因而决定找到使人们获得快乐的途径，由此可推断他对成年人的观察促使他学习心理学6．WhoweretheauthorsstudysubjectsatthestartofhiscareerA．Peoplehavingdeepaffectionfortheircareer.B．Peopleveryawareoftheirpersonallife.C．Peoplesuccessfulinacquiringwealth.D．Peoplewithmorefreedom.解析选A　推理判断题由第二段中的“Istartedoutbystudying...whodevotedtheirlivestodoingwhattheywantedtodo”可知，作者开始选择的研究对象是热爱自己事业的人7．Theauthorusedhissystemtoshowthat________.A．peopleshappinessdependsonwhotheyarewithB．peoplearehappierwhentheyfocusonanactivityC．creativepeoplearehappierthanordinarypeopleD．ordinarypeoplefindithardtoconcentrate解析选B　细节理解题由第三段中的“aswithcreativepeopleordinarypeoplearehappiestwhenconcentratinghard”可知，作者采取经验取样法研究发现普通人和有创造性的人一样，他们在集中精神做事情的时候最快乐8．Accordingtothetextpeopleconcentratemorewhentheyaredoing________.A．somethingstrangeandenjoyableB．somethingdifficultbutpossibleC．thingsappropriatetotheiragesD．manythingsatthesametime解析选B　推理判断题由最后一段中的“intenseconcentration”及“challengethatmatchesyourability”等可知，人们在做具有一定难度但又是自己能力所及的事情时精神最集中CBelovedchildrensbookscanfeeltimelessandsotheressomekindofpoetic_justicewhentheirauthorslivelonglives.ThinkMauriceSendakauthorofWheretheWildThingsArewhodiedatage

84.OrthewriterLauraIngallsWildershediedatage

90.Someauthorslivelonger.BeverlyClearywhoturned100onApril122016isoneinthatsmallbutrespectedgroup.Clearyisbestknownforkidsclassicslike“HenryHuggins”.Overtheyearsshessoldmorethan91millioncopiesofher39booksworldwide.ShehasbeenhonoredwitheverythingfrommultipleNewberyMedalsandHonorstoa“LivingLegend”designation称号fromtheLibraryofCongress.Clearyisalmostsynonymous同义的withPortlandOregon.Shespentmuchofheryounglifeinthecityandturnedherreal­lifeexperiencesintochildrensbooksthatincorporate包含realplacesthatcanstillbevisitedtoday.AndperhapstheperfectcherryontopofaCleary­themedtourthroughtherose­decoratedcityisatriptothesculpturegardenbuiltinherhonorinGrantParkinnortheastPortland.TheBeverlyClearySculptureGardenforChildrenwasbuiltbyagroupoflibrariansteachersandPortlandlocalseagertopaytheirrespectstotheirfavoriteauthorofchildrensbooks.TheparkitselfisfeaturedinseveralClearybooks.Itfeatureslife­sizedstatuesofRamonaQuimbyHenryHugginsandHugginsdogRibsy.Quotesfromthebooksandfountainsmakethegardenevenmorefun.WanttotakeyourClearysculpturalviewingtoanotherlevelinhonorofher100thStopbytheMultnomahCountyLibraryscentralbranchandseeifyoucanfindaplaque匾额featuringadescriptionofthetimelessandseeminglyagelessauthor.语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文贝芙莉·克莱瑞是美国著名的儿童作家，她获奖无数，被称为“活着的传奇人物”9．Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“poeticjustice”inParagraph1probablymeanA．Deservedrewarding.　B．Heavypunishment.C．Terriblesuffering.D．Greatexperience.解析选A　词义猜测题根据第一段中的“Belovedchildrensbookscanfeeltimeless”可以推知，作家寿命长是他们“应得的奖赏Deservedrewarding”10．WhichofthefollowingwordscanbeusedtodescribeBeverlyClearyA．Optimistic.B．Successful.C．Generous.D．Courageous.解析选B　推理判断题根据第二段中的“soldmorethan91millioncopiesofher39booksworldwidemultipleNewberyMedalsandHonors”和“LivingLegend”可知，贝芙莉·克莱瑞是一名非常成功的儿童作家11．WhyisClearyconnectedwithPortlandcloselyA．ShewasborninPortland.B．HerstoriesaremainlysetinPortland.C．ThereisaCleary­themedparkinPortland.D．ShehaslivedinPortlandformostofherlife.解析选B　推理判断题根据第三段中的“She...turnedherreal­lifeexperiencesintochildrensbooksthatincorporate包含realplacesthatcanstillbevisitedtoday.”可以推知，人们总是将克莱瑞的名字和波特兰联系在一起是因为她以这个城市为背景创作出许多受欢迎的作品12．WhatcanwelearnaboutthesculpturegardenA．Itisfullofbeautifulroses.B．ItkeepsallofClearysbooks.C．Itwasbuiltbythelocalgovernment.D．ItshowssomecharactersinClearysbooks.解析选D　细节理解题根据第二段中的“Clearyisbestknownforkidsclassicslike‘HenryHuggins’．”和第四段中的“Itfeatureslife­sizedstatuesofRamonaQuimbyHenryHugginsandHugginsdogRibsy.”可知答案DWhenwemovedtotheAustralianoutbacktheprevioustenants房客hadleftsomeoftheirpetsincludingabigfatshinycow.Hewasahugecreatureandveryfriendly.WediscoveredmuchtoMothersangerthereasonhiscoatwassoshinywashelovedtoeatthevelvetsoapusedforwashingclothes．Thelaundrywasquiteadistancefromthemainhouseandhalfwayinbetweenthelaundryandhousetherewasanartesianbore自流井眼whichusedtorunconstantlywithwarmsaltywater.Thecowwouldopenthelaundrydoorandeatgreatquantitiesofthevelvetsoap.Hedthengototheboreanddrinkequalquantitiesofthehotwater.Afterthishewouldwalkaroundtheyardblowinggreatbigbubbleswhilebelching打嗝!Weaschildrenwouldencouragehimtoeatthesoapsohecouldblowthebubbles.Motherdidnot！Shehadtohidethesoapsothatthecowcouldnotfindit.Theotherpetwasablackcrow乌鸦.ThecrowspentitslifewaitingforMothertopeg用衣夹夹住thewashedcleanclothesontheoutsideline.Thepegsatthattimedidntworkwell.ThecrowwouldwaitandonceMotherhadpeggedouttheclothesandgoneinsidehewouldpullallthepegsoffandtheclotheswouldlandinthereddustunderneaththeline.Wethoughtthecrowwasprettysmartandwouldwaitforittodoitsdirtydeed.Motherwhohadaveryshorttemperwouldgetherlonggunandshootatthecrow.Finallyonedayitdisappeared.SomeweekslaterDadreportedtoMotherthatthenextdoorneighbourwholived25kmawayaskedifweweremissingacrowwhohadtheshockinghabitofpullingthepegsoutoftheclothesontheclothesline.IrememberDadbeingthreatenedwithsomethingworsethandeathifheadmittedithadefromourhouse.13．WhydidthecowhaveshinyfurA．Itlikedeatingsoap.B．Itsfurwaswashedwithsoap.C．Becauseofthelocalenvironment.D．Becauseofthespecialgrassitate.解析选A　细节理解题由第一段末的“WediscoveredmuchtoMothersangerthereasonhiscoatwassoshinywashelovedtoeatthevelvetsoap”可知答案14．WhatdidtheauthorthinkofthecowA．Itwaslazy.B．Itwasbrave.C．Itwasfunny.D．Itwasstupid.解析选C　推理判断题由第三段开头的“Weaschildrenwouldencouragehimtoeatthesoapsohecouldblowthebubbles.”可知，作者小时候很喜欢看牛吃完肥皂后吹泡泡由此可推断，作者觉得这头牛很有趣15．WhatdidthecrowdoA．Itstolepegs.B．Itrepairedpegs.C．ItmadetroubleforMother.D．IthelpedMotherwashclothes.解析选C　推理判断题由第四段中的“Thecrow...wouldpullallthepegsoffandtheclotheswouldlandinthereddustunderneaththeline.”可知，乌鸦会趁母亲离开时把晾衣夹拔下来，导致母亲刚洗的衣服全都掉在了满是灰尘的地上故可推知乌鸦给母亲制造了麻烦16．Afterdisappearingfromtheauthorshousethecrow________.A．diedofhungerB．brokeitsbadhabitC．camebackweekslaterD．movedtoanearbyplace解析选D　细节理解题由最后一段可知，乌鸦被母亲吓走后搬到了附近的一个人家，继续干拔晾衣夹的坏事1．文体和结构特点英语记叙文以描写叙述为主，主要描写人物、地点、事件或过程其特点是主题往往隐藏在字里行间，没有直接地表达出来；文章主旨要通过整篇文章来进行提炼；文章大多按时间跨度、空间顺序、上下顺序来展开2．答题误区记叙文阅读理解题的易错点往往在多个事件的先后顺序与人物的情感态度上解题时，一方面要依据文章的顺序和故事的发展弄清一系列事件的先后顺序以及它们之间的逻辑关系，必要时可以对时间和事件进行排序；另一方面，还要根据人物的处境和描写、议论时所用的特定词语来准确把握人物的情感与态度，做到入情入境，特别要留意描写和议论时所用的形容词和副词3．阅读策略阅读记叙文应采取略读和扫读的方法，快速抓住文章的主要内容，从整体上把握文章的连贯性，进而大体上揣测出作者的写作意图及文章的情感主线，然后阅读题干，在文章中查找相关的信息；最后根据查找到的相关信息作出正确的选择如果文中所涉及的人物较多，还要弄清人物之间的关系文体分类练三——说明文限时28分钟AWouldyouspitinatubeandspend＄99tofindoutwhetheryouwererelatedtoafamous18th­centuryrevolutionaryoraninfamous19th­centurybankrobberThatsthelatestserviceprovidedbyAncestry..AncestorDiscoverieswhichlaunchestodaypromisestoprovideitsconsumerswithintroductionstorelativesfromcenturiespast.“ItsthebiggestleapforwardforusyetusingnearlyamillionDNAprofileswealreadyhaveinoursystem，”saysAncestry.CEOTimSullivanwhosepanyisheadquarteredinProvoUtah.“Asweseeittherearetwomarketsforthissortofthing.Oneisthepeoplewhoalreadylovegenealogy家谱学theotherthosewhoaresimplysaying‘TellmewhoIam，’”saysSullivan.“Forthemfamilyhistoryisneverreallydone;theyareeagertotracetheirfamilytree.”Discoveringnewancestorsismadesimpleandinexpensive＄

99.Youjustprovideasmallsaliva唾液samplefortheDNAtest.AncestorDiscoveriesresearcherswillanalyzeandpareitwith65millionfamilytreesandmorethan800000Ancestry.members.Resultsareavailablewithinsixtoeightweeksincludingnewpossibleancestorsaswellasdetailsabouttheirlivesandconnectionstootherlivingrelatives.Howevermanyconsumersremainfearfulofhearingbadfamilymedicalhistorynews.ButSullivansays“TherearepositivessuchaslearningaboutthingsbeforetheyhappenmuchlikewhatAngelinaJoliehasbeenpushing.”Theactresshashadaseriesofsurgeriesafterlearningshewasgeneticallylikelytosufferfromtwotypesofcancer.Thereslittledoubtgenealogyhasshiftedfrombeingthepastimeoffewtoapassionofmany.TherearefourTVshowscateringtothesubjectonPBSaswellasTLC.“Thereasonfortheincreaseininterestovertheyearsispartlyduetothefactthatsomanyresearchfindingsaboutgenealogyandothersuchrecordsarenowinstantlyavailableonlinewhichmakesasearchsomucheasier，”saysKenyattaBerryco­hostofPBSGenealogyRoadshownowinitssecondseason.1．WhydosomepeopleneedtheserviceprovidedbyAncestry.A．TobetterstudyDNAprofiles.B．Tolearnabouttheirfamilyhistory.C．Tomunicatewiththeirrelatives.D．ToanalyzethemarketofDNAtesting.解析选B　细节理解题由第三段的后半部分可知，有些人需要这种家谱信息服务是渴望了解他们的家族历史2．WhatdoesParagraph4mainlytellusA．HowAncestorDiscoveriesworks.B．WhyAncestry.providestheservice.C．HowAncestry.developedthetechnology.D．WhyAncestorDiscoveriesusessalivasamples.解析选A　段落大意题第四段主要介绍了这种家谱信息服务的工作流程3．WhichofthefollowingcanbeusedtodescribeJoliesoperationsA．Unnecessary.　　　　B．Dangerous.C．Preventative.D．Inexpensive.解析选C　推理判断题由第五段中的“Therearepositivessuchaslearningaboutthingsbeforetheyhappen”可知，Jolie的手术是为了预防得病而做的4．WhatisacauseoftherisingpopularityofgenealogyA．Genealogyhasbeefasterrecently.B．Genealogyisgoingtobeveryprofitable.C．TherearemoreTVshowsaboutgenealogy.D．Peoplecaneasilyfindgenealogicaldataonline.解析选D　细节理解题由最后一段可知，家谱学走红的一个原因是人们现在更容易从网上获得与家谱相关的信息BFossilsunearthedinIndiathatare

1.6billionyearsoldandlooklikeredalgaemayrepresenttheearliest­knownplantsadiscoverythatcouldforcescientiststoreassessthetimingofwhenmajorlivingbeingsinthetreeoflifefirstappearedonEarth.ResearchersonTuesdaydescribedthetinyfossilsastwotypesofredalgaeonethread­likeandtheotherbulbous鳞茎状的thatlivedinashallowmarineenvironment.Untilnowtheoldest­knownplantswere

1.2­billion­year­oldredalgaefossilsfromtheCanadianArctic.Theresearcherssaidcellularstructurespreservedinthefossilsandtheiroverallshapematchredalgaeaprimitivekindofplantthattodaygrowsinmarinesettingssuchascoralreefsbutalsocanbefoundinfreshwaterenvironments.Atypeofredalgaeknownasnoriisamonsushiingredient.“Wealmostcouldhavehadsushi

1.6billionyearsago，”jokedSwedishMuseumofNaturalHistorygeobiologistThereseSallstedtwhohelpedleadthestudypublishedinthejournalPLOSBiology.Earthformedabout

4.5billionyearsago.Thereisevidenceindicatinglifefirstappearedintheformofmarinebacteriaroughly

3.7to

4.2billionyearsago.Onlymuchlaterdidplantsandthenanimalsappearintheseas.“PlantshaveakeyroleforlifeonEarthandweshowherethattheywereconsiderablyolderthanwhatweknewwhichhasasignificanteffectonourappreciationofwhenadvancedlifeformsappearedontheevolutionaryscene，”Sallstedtsaid.ThefossilswerefoundinsedimentaryrocksfromChitrakootincentralIndia.Thethread­likefossilscontainedinternalcellularfeaturesincludingstructuresthatappeartobepartofthemachineryofphotosynthesistheprocessusedbyplantstoturnsunlightintochemicalenergy.Oxygenisabyproductofphotosynthesisandthearrivalofplantshelpedbuildtheatmospheresoxygencontent.Thefossilsalsocontainedstructuresatthecenterofeachcellwalltypicalofredalgae.Atthetimelifewasmainlymicrobial微生物的andatmosphericoxygenwasat1to10percentofcurrentlevelssaidstudyco­leaderStefanBengtsonaSwedishMuseumofNaturalHistoryresearcher.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文印度发现了距今16亿年的红藻化石，说明植物可能在16亿年前就出现在了地球上5．Whichmaybescientistsresponsetothediscoveryoftheearliest­knownplantsA．Theymayupdatetheirknowledgeaboutlife.B．Theymaydoubttheevidenceofthediscovery.C．Theymayacknowledgetheimportanceofalgae.D．Theymayconductmorestudiesonmarinebacteria.解析选A　细节理解题根据第一段中的“adiscoverythatcouldforcescientiststoreassessthetimingofwhenmajorlivingbeingsinthetreeoflifefirstappearedonEarth”和第六段中的“whichhasasignificanteffectonourappreciationofwhenadvancedlifeformsappearedontheevolutionaryscene”可知，这项研究可能会让科学家们对生命的知识进行更新6．WhatdidSallstedtsjokeimplyA．Sushihadaverylonghistory.B．Noriisanage­oldsushiingredient.C．Heshowedmuchinterestinredalgae.D．Therewereredalgae

1.6billionyearsago.解析选D　推理判断题根据第三段中的“Atypeofredalgaeknownasnoriisamonsushiingredient.”可知，Sallstedt开这个玩笑实际上是想说，在16亿年前就已经有红藻了7．WhatdoweknowaboutplantsA．TheystartedtoexistonEarth

1.2billionyearsago.B．Theyprobablystartedtoexistearlierthananimals.C．Theyfirstappearedintheformofmarinebacteria.D．TheywereinfactthefirstlifeonEarth.解析选B　细节理解题根据第五段中的“Onlymuchlaterdidplantsandthenanimalsappearintheseas.”可知，植物可能比动物要出现的早8．WhatwouldbethebesttitleforthetextA．TimingofmajorlivingbeingsassessedB．PlantskeyroleforlifeonearthconfirmedC．WorldsoldestplantfossilsdiscoveredinIndiaD．RedalgaefossilsfromtheCanadianArcticunearthed解析选C　标题归纳题通读全文可知，本文报道了一项重要的考古发现——印度出土了距今16亿年的红藻化石，为目前已知最古老的植物化石CAntioxidants抗氧化剂incoffeearethoughttohelpprotectagainststroke—buttoomuchmustraisebloodpressurewhichincreasestheriskaccordingtoJapaneseresearchers.Similarlygreenteacouldalsobebeneficialforpreventingtheshockingeventcausedwhenabloodvesselinorservingthebrainisblocked.Thestudylookedatthedrinkinghabitsofmorethan83000healthyadultsaged45to74whosehealthwastrackedfor13yearsonaverage.Theyfoundthatpeoplewhodrankatleastonecupofcoffeeadayhadabouta20percentlowerriskofstrokeparedtothosewhorarelydrankit.Togetanequaleffectaboutfourcupsofgreenteaadaywererequired.Allresultswereadjustedtotakeintoaccountdifferencesbetweenthegroupsinagepositiongendersmokingalcoholweightdietandexercise.Dr.YoshihiroKokuboleadauthorofthestudypublishedinthejournalStrokesaid“Theregularactionofdrinkingteaandcoffeelargelybenefitscardiovascular心脏血管的health.”Theirresultsforcoffeeweresimilartothatof“studyofstudies”，presentedataEuropeanconferencewhichfoundthatonetothreecupsadaywasassociatedwitha14percentreduction.Forthreetosixcupsthereappearedtobeasimilarbutweakerassociationbuttherewasnobenefitfromdrinkingsixormore.Exactlywhycoffeeandgreenteaappearstolowerstrokeriskisunclearalthoughantioxidantsarethoughttobeatwork.Howeverthescienceisbynomeanscutanddried.Caffeineraisesbloodpressureandtherehavebeenindicationsthattoomuchcoffeecanraisestrokeriskbecauseofthis.Dr.DaleWebbfromtheStrokeAssociationsaid“Wewelethisstudywhichsuggeststhatthebenefitsofantioxidantsincoffeeandgreenteamayoffsetthepotentialharmfromcaffeine.”Hethoughttheresultsshowhigherconsumptionofgreenteaandcoffeemightreducetherisksofstroke.“Wewouldliketoseefurtherresearchtounderstandthesefindings，”hesaid.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文最近的研究表明，喝咖啡或绿茶可以降低中风的风险但是，喝过量也会导致血压升高，因此，要适量饮用咖啡或绿茶9．WhatmayleadtoastrokeaccordingtothefirstparagraphA．Higherbloodpressure.B．Drinkingacupofcoffeeaday.C．Blockedbloodvesselsinthebrain.D．Antioxidants.解析选C　细节理解题根据第一段最后一句“Similarlygreenteacouldalsobebeneficialforpreventingtheshockingeventcausedwhenabloodvesselinorservingthebrainisblocked.”可知，当大脑中的血管发生堵塞的时候，可能会导致中风故选C10．WhatcanweinferfromthepassageA．Thestudymainlyfocusesonmiddle­agedpeople.B．Drinkingonecupofcoffeeadaybenefitshealth.C．Thosewhoseldomdrinkcoffeearehealthier.D．Drinkingteacontributestostroke.解析选B　推理判断题根据第二段第二句“Theyfoundthatpeoplewhodrankatleastonecupofcoffeeadayhadabouta20percentlowerriskofstrokeparedtothosewhorarelydrankit.”可推断出，每天至少喝一杯咖啡对身体健康有好处故选B11．WhatistheattitudeofDr.DaleWebbtowardthisstudyA．Hesawmorefindingsofthisstudyunsatisfiedly.B．Heunderstoodthedifficultyofthisstudy.C．Heappreciatedtheachievementsofthisstudy.D．Hewasdisappointedtofindnofollowingresearch.解析选C　观点态度题根据最后一段第一句“Dr.DaleWebbfromtheStrokeAssociationsaid‘Wewelethisstudywhichsuggeststhatthebenefitsofantioxidantsincoffeeandgreenteamayoffsetthepotentialharmfromcaffeine.’”可判断出，DaleWebb医生对这项研究的成果持赞赏态度故选C12．WhatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetextA．DrinkingcoffeeraisesbloodpressureB．DrinkingteareducesstrokeC．DrinkingcoffeeequalsdrinkingteaD．Drinkingteaorcoffeeproperlymatters解析选D　标题归纳题根据文章内容可知，本文主要讲述的是最新的研究表明，适当饮用一定量的咖啡或绿茶能降低患中风的风险D项意为“适当饮用咖啡或茶很重要”，体现了本文的主旨，适合作标题故选DDHospitalityreferstotherelationshipbetweenaguestandahostwherethehostreceivestheguestwithgoodwillincludingthereceptionandentertainmentofguestsvisitorsorstrangers.LouisdeJaucourtdescribeshospitalityintheEncyclopédieasthevirtueofagreatsoulthatcaresforthewholeuniversethroughthetiesofhumanity.Hospitalityoriginated起源fromtheLatinhospeswhichmeans“stranger”or“enemy”.IntheWesttodayhospitalityisrarelyamatterofprotectionandsurvivalandismoreassociatedwithpolitenessandentertainment.Howeveritstillinvolvesshowingrespectforonesguestsprovidingfortheirneedsandtreatingthemasequals.Itisexpectedtoshowhospitalitytostrangersasopposedtopersonalfriendsormembersofonesingroup.InAncientGreecehospitalitywasrightwiththehostbeingexpectedtomakesuretheneedsofhisguestsweremet.TheancientGreektermxeniaortheoxeniawhenagodwasinvolvedexpressedthisritualized仪式化的guest­friendshiprelation.InGreeksocietyapersonsabilitytoobeythelawsofhospitalitydeterminednobilityandsocialstanding.InIndiahospitalityisbasedontheprinciple“theguestisGod”.Thisprincipleisshowninanumberofstorieswhereaguestturnedouttobeagodwhorewardstheproviderofhospitality.FromthisoriginatestheIndianpracticeofgraciousnesstowardsguestsathomeandinallsocialsituations.Celtic凯尔特人的societiesalsovaluedtheconceptofhospitalityespeciallyintermsofprotection.Ahostwasexpectednotonlytoprovidefoodandshelterforhis/herguestsbuttomakesuretheydidnotetoharmwhileundertheircare.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文文章介绍了“好客”的含义及其在不同国家的文化中所表现出的不同特征13．WhatdidLouisdeJaucourtthinkofhospitalityA．Arelationshipbetweenamasterandaservant.B．Anoblemoralitytotreathumansintheworld.C．Asocialstandardtomeasureonesintelligence.D．Anacademictraditionpassedonfromancienttimes.解析选B　细节理解题根据第一段最后一句“LouisdeJaucourtdescribeshospitalityintheEncyclopédieasthevirtueofagreatsoulthatcaresforthewholeuniversethroughthetiesofhumanity.”可知，LouisdeJaucourt认为“好客”是一种善待全人类的崇高品德故选B14．WhatcanweinferabouthospitalityintheWestnowA．Itmeansthehostsmustprotecttheirguestsindanger.B．Itisunnecessarytoshowhospitalitytoclosefriends.C．Ithasbeeaceremonytotreatanyvisitingguest.D．Ithasdifferentdegreestoshowrespectfordifferentguests.解析选B　推理判断题根据第二段最后一句“Itisexpectedtoshowhospitalitytostrangersasopposedtopersonalfriendsormembersofonesingroup.”可推知，如今在西方，人们没必要对亲密的朋友展现他们的殷勤好客故选B15．WhichofthefollowingpeopleusedtoregardhospitalityasasocialstandardA．Greeks.B．Indians.C．Celts.D．Latinos.解析选A　细节理解题根据第三段最后一句“InGreeksocietyapersonsabilitytoobeythelawsofhospitalitydeterminednobilityandsocialstanding.”可知，在古希腊，人们把好客当作评判一个人的高贵程度与社会地位的标准故选A16．WhatmightbethereasonforIndianshospitalityA．Theguestsrewards.B．Thesocialsituations.C．Thelawsofhospitality.D．TheIndianskindness.解析选A　推理判断题根据第四段第二句“Thisprincipleisshowninanumberofstorieswhereaguestturnedouttobeagodwhorewardstheproviderofhospitality.”可推知，印度人好客是希望得到客人的回报故选A1．语言特点阅读理解主要考查考生对词汇和句式的掌握和运用情况说明文因其生僻词汇多、句式复杂等特点，相对于其他体裁的文章来说难度更大2．结构特点说明文的结构特点是客观、简练，文章很少表达作者的感情倾向说明文通常采用以下结构形式1总分式事物说明文常用“总—分”式、“总—分—总”式和“分—总”式结构2递进式事理说明文常用这种结构形式，通常由浅入深、由表及里、由现象到本质，逐层递进，一层一层地剖析事理3并列式文章各部分的内容没有主次轻重之分4对照式通过两个事物的比较和对照说明其异同3．阅读策略说明文阅读量大，生僻词汇多，句式结构复杂，这就需要考生有方法、有技巧地去阅读一般我们采用的方法有三种细读、略读和跳读1细读重点重点，就原文而言，就是文章的基本结构、主要内容和态度；就答题而言，就是问题所对应的题源句以这个标准来衡量，需要重点阅读的原文词句就不会很多宏观方面文章结构；文章主题句；各段首末句；体现作者观点态度的词句微观方面有转折处；重要标点；句子主干2有选择地略读或跳读在快速浏览了题干，初步把握文章大意及结构的基础上，可大胆地有选择地进行略读或跳读，这样不但可以加快阅读速度，还更容易总体把握全文在阅读中可略读或跳读的内容包括繁琐的例证　为了说明问题，作者可能会借用形象的例子，有时候会比较繁琐，虽能说明问题，但读者需要花很多时间去阅读如果例子所说明的问题不明了，可通过略读来理解；若例子所说明的问题比较明了，则例子部分可一带而过并列多项列举　有时许多功能相同的项目并列列举，那么只读其中一两项即可，无需全读无关大局的生僻词汇　阅读中经常会遇到一些生词，如果这些生词对理解全文没有影响或影响不大就可略过较长的人名、地名　有许多较长的表示人名、地名等的专有名词，阅读时可一扫而过或干脆用其首字母代替，不必试图把整个专有名词读出来在略读过程中，要特别注意对解题有重要意义的词、句、段等，并将其用下划线标注出来，以免回头再查看时费时费力文体分类练四——议论文限时28分钟ATodaySamwillplowthroughthecitysroughboroughsinsearchofcookiedougheventhoughheoughttostayhometonursehiscough.WhatswrongwiththatsentenceSevenwordscontaining“ough”，differentpronunciations.Oouhffohohohawwaww.IsntEnglishfunAgroupofexpertsintheUnitedKingdomandUnitedStatesbelievetheillogicalspellingintheEnglishlanguageismorethanjustannoyingforthosewhohavetomemorizetherules.TheyputforwardanInternationalEnglishSpellingCongresstodevelopaspellingsystemthatmakesmoresense.“InsomelanguageslikeFinnishSpanishandItalianthereisastrongconnectionbetweenthewrittenandspokenword，”saidStephenLinsteadheadoftheEnglishSpellingSociety.ButEnglishwordswiththesamelettergroupingsarepronounceddifferentlyandthesamesoundcanbespelleddifferentlydependingonthewordheexplained.Linguisticexpertsfromaroundtheworldwouldsuggestalistofnewspellingstocorrectproblematicwordgroups—see:“ough”—andthecongresswouldselectanalternativespellingsystem.LinsteadsaiduniversitystudiesintheU．K.haveconcludedthatEnglish­speakingchildrentakesignificantlylongertolearnbasicreadingandwritingskillsthanchildreninotherEuropeancountries.Hesaidpartoftheproblemliesinthespelling.“Oneofthememberssaidthereasonhejoinedourassociationwasbecauseofthefrustrationshefeltteachinghisstudentstoreadbyusingphonics拼读法，”Linsteadsaid.“Anytimehetaughtthemaruletherewouldbeallsortsofexceptions.”Col.RobertMcCormicklongtimepublisheroftheTribunewasamajoradvocateforsimplifiedspellingandhisnewspaperforatimeused“fantom”insteadof“phantom”and“frate”insteadof“freight”．Andintheearly20thcenturytheSimplifiedSpellingBoardSSBpublishedalistof300wordswithspellingsthatareeasytounderstandandtouse:“color”insteadof“colour”，“fixt”for“fixed”.PresidentTheodoreRooseveltapprovedthechangesbuthisorderwasoverturnedbyCongress.语篇解读本文是一篇议论文文章介绍了一些英美专家正在酝酿一场新的简化英语单词拼写的运动1．WhatdoestheauthoruseParagraph1toshowA．ItisverynecessarytolearnEnglishpronunciation.B．ManywordsintheEnglishlanguageareinteresting.C．Englishsentencesaresometimeshardtounderstand.D．ThesameEnglishlettergroupcanbereaddifferently.解析选D　推理判断题文章的前两段在全文起到了引出话题的作用第一段的用意是举例说明英语中同样的字母组合可能会有不同的发音2．WhataretheBritishandAmericanexpertsgoingtodoA．ReformtheEnglishspellingsystem.B．Helppeoplememorizespellingrules.C．RaisethestatusofforeignlanguageslikeFinnish.D．Studythelinkbetweenwrittenandspokenwords.解析选A　细节理解题根据第三段中的“TheyputforwardanInternationalEnglishSpellingCongresstodevelopaspellingsystemthatmakesmoresense.”和第五段可知，这些英美专家想对英语拼写进行改革3．WhydidtheteacherjointheEnglishSpellingSocietyA．Hewantedtolearnmoreaboutwords.B．ThespellingofEnglishwordsisillogical.C．Hisstudentswereinterestedinspellingrules.D．Hewouldimprovehisstudentslearningskills.解析选B　推理判断题根据第七段可知，这位老师加入英语拼写协会是因为英语单词的拼写不合逻辑4．WhatdidMcCormickandRoosevelthaveinmonA．BothofthemhelpedfoundSSB.B．BothofthemhadinfluencedCongress.C．Bothofthemwereinsupportofsimplifiedspelling.D．Bothofthemusedeasierspellingsintheirdailywork.解析选C　细节理解题根据最后两段可知，McCormick和Roosevelt都是简化拼写的支持者BInManhattansEighthAvenue/FourteenthStreetsubwaystationagrinningbronzealligatorwithhumanhandspopsoutofamanholecovertogrababronze“baby”whoseheadistheshapeofamoneybag.IntheBronxGeneralPostOfficeagiant13­panelpaintingcalledResourcesofAmericacelebratesthehardworkandindustrialismofAmericainthefirsthalfofthetwentiethcentury.AndinBrooklynsMetroTechCenterseveralinstallationsofart艺术装置areonviewatanygiventime.Thereexistsineverycityasymbiotic共生的relationshipbetweenthecityanditsart.Whenwehearthetermartwetendtothinkofprivateart—thekinddisplayedinspacessuchasmuseumsconcerthallsandgalleries.Butthereisagrowinginterestinandrespectforpublicart:thekindofartcreatedforanddisplayedinspacessuchasparksbuildinglobbiesandsidewalks.Publicartisspecificallydesignedforapublicarena活动场所wheretheartwillbeencounteredbypeopleintheirnormalday­to­dayactivities.Publicartcanbepurelydecorativeorhighlyfunctional.Itisalsoanessentialelementofeffectiveurbandesign.Themoreobviousformsofpublicartincludemonumentssculpturesfountainsmuralsandgardens.Butpublicartalsotakestheformofdecorativebenchesorstreetlightsdecorativemanholecoversandmosaicsontrashbins.Publicartisaboutthehistoryandcultureoftheartisttheneighbourhoodthecityandthenation.Publicartisalsoa“place­makingdevice”thatinstantlycreatesmemorableexperientiallandmarksfashioningauniqueidentityforapublicplacepersonalizingitandgivingitaspecificcharacter.Itchallengesviewerstointerprettheartandarousestheiremotionsanditpromotesmunitybystimulating激发interactionamongviewers.5．WhatisthepurposeofParagraph1A．Tostresstheimportanceofpublicart.B．Toshowhowentertainingpublicartis.C．Toencouragereaderstovaluepublicart.D．Tointroducereaderstotheideaofpublicart.解析选D　推理判断题由文章结构和大意可知，文章开头列举了纽约三处地方的艺术作品来引导读者对公共艺术这一概念的认识，以便引出下文对公共艺术的作用的讨论6．InwhichaspectdoespublicartdifferfromprivateartA．Itsvalue.B．Itstheme.C．Itsinfluence.D．Itsaccessibility.解析选D　细节理解题第二段中指出“privateart”主要置于museumsconcerthallsandgalleries，而“publicart”多置于parksbuildinglobbiesandsidewalks，故作者主要是通过它们的“易接近程度”来区分二者的7．WhatisthelastparagraphmainlyaboutA．Theformsofpublicart.B．Thefunctionsofpublicart.C．Theimportanceoflandmarks.D．Thepromotionofurbandesign.解析选B　段落大意题文章最后一段前半部分论述了公共艺术的装饰性和实用性，后半部分着重论述它的人文意义，故选B项CFreezingcanslightlychangethenutritionalpositionoffruitsandvegetablessometimesinfavorofthefrozenproductsandsometimesinfavoroftheirfreshcounterparts对应的事物butoverall“theres_no_clear_winner，”saidAliBouzariwhohasdonestudiesparingfreshandfrozenproduce.“Itreallydependswhichplantyouretalkingabout.”ThoughvitaminscandecreaseinfreshfruitsandvegetablesovertimemanynutrientsinfoodsaremuchhardlierthanmostpeopleassumeDr.Bouzarisaid.“Mineralslikeironarealmostunshakableandthefiberdoesntcareatallwhetheritsheatedorfrozen，”hesaid.Andingeneralthedifferencesinnutrientlevelsbetweenfreshandfrozenaresominorthattheywouldbeunlikelytohaveanimpactonoverallhealthanddietitiansgenerallyencouragepeopletoeatasmanyfruitsandvegetablesastheycaninwhateverformtheyenjoy.Dr.BouzariandcolleaguesattheUniversityofCaliforniaDavisparedthevitamincontentineightdifferentfreshandfrozenfruitsandvegetables—corncarrotsbroccolispinachpeasgreenbeansstrawberriesandblueberries—andfoundnoconsistentdifferencesoverallbetweenfreshandfrozen.Thevitamincontentwasoccasionallyhigherinsomefrozenfoods;frozenbroccoliforexamplehadmoreriboflavinatypeofBvitaminthanfreshbroccoli.Butfrozenpeashadlessriboflavinthanfreshpeas;andfrozencorngreenbeansandblueberrieshadmorevitaminCthantheirfreshcounterparts.Theresearchersalsoanalyzedfiberphenolicpoundsandmineralslikecalciumironandzincandreachedasimilarconclusion.MaryAnnLiladirectorofthePlantsforHumanHealthInstituteatNorthCarolinaStateUniversitynotedthatfreshberrieslosesomenutrientswhilesittingontheshelfsoeatthemrightawaytogetthemostnutrients.Frozenberrieswillalsolosenutrientswhenkeptinahomefreezerthatsopenedandshutoftenshesaidsofreezefruitsinadeepfreezerorattheverybackofakitchenfreezer.Lookforproducefrozenunderaprocesscalled“individuallyquickfrozen，”orIQFforthebestquality.语篇解读本文是一篇议论文美国科学家AliBouzari研究发现，新鲜食物和冷冻食物的营养差别不大8．WhatdoesBouzarimeanbysaying“theresnoclearwinner”？A．Theinfluenceoffreezingonfoodsisunclear.B．Freezingcanbeusedforcertainkindsofplants.C．Itshardtosaywhichformoffoodishealthier.D．Itsimpossibletofindafoodthatsuitseveryone.解析选C　句意理解题根据第一段内容，并联系全文主旨可知，Bouzari这句话的意思是很难说新鲜食物和冷冻食物哪一种更健康9．WhatmayexpertsadviseyoutodotogetmorefiberA．Toeatmorehardyfruitsandvegetables.B．Toeatmorefrozenfruitsandvegetables.C．Toeatmorefruitsandvegetablesaftertheyareboiled.D．Toeatmorefruitsandvegetablesnomatterfreshorfrozen.解析选D　推理判断题由第二段中的“andthefiberdoesntcareatallwhetheritsheatedorfrozen”和“anddietitiansgenerallyencouragepeopletoeatasmanyfruitsandvegetablesastheycaninwhateverformtheyenjoy”可推断，想要多获取纤维，多吃新鲜的或者冷冻的蔬菜水果都可以10．WhichofthefollowinghasmorevitaminsthanitsfrozencounterpartsA．Thefreshpea.B．Freshcorn.C．Freshbroccoli.D．Thefreshblueberry.解析选A　细节理解题由第三段中的“Butfrozenpeashadlessriboflavinthanfreshpeas”可知，新鲜的豌豆含有的一种维生素B比冷冻的豌豆要高11．WhichmaybeLilasadviceforthosewhoofteneatberriesA．Freezeberriesclosetothefreezerdoor.B．Chooseberriessittingontheshelf.C．Preserveberrieswithotherfruits.D．BuyIQFberriesatsupermarkets.解析选D　推理判断题由最后一段“Lookforproducefrozenunderaprocesscalled‘individuallyquickfrozen，’orIQFforthebestquality.”可知，Lila可能会建议常吃浆果的人去购买经过IQF技术冷冻的浆果DWhenitestohumanbehaviourthebrainisshowntohavetwodifferentapproachestothinking.Amonthoughtprocessistheautomaticandfastapproachwhichhelpsustoreactquicklyindangeroussituations.ThisisknownasSystem1anddatesbacktothetimesofourprehistoricancestorswholivedwithanaturalawarenessofthedangersaroundthem—badweatherandthreateninganimals.Nowadayswestillhavetheabilitytoreactsorapidlyandnaturallytosituationsthatitcanfeellikeyourenotthinkingatall.Haveyoueverfoundyourselfgivingintotemptation诱惑andunabletosay“no”tobuyingthatnewjacketinthewindowThisisbecauseSystem1isincontrol—ahumancharacteristicwhichtheworldofadvertisinglikestomakethemostof!System2istheopposite.Itsaslowthoughtprocessthatrequiresustopayattentionandconcentrateforexamplewhendoingaplexmathematicalsum.Thiswayofthinkinghelpsustomakesensiblelong­termdecisions.TheproblemisthatSystem2oftenstartstofeelboringandsoSystem1takesover.HowoftenhaveyouputdownyourhomeworkorputoffdoingimportantjobstogoonFacebookorwatchaTVsoapWeliketothinkthatwegothroughlifemainlyusingSystem

2.Asindividualsweareincontrolalwaystakingsensibleandlogicaldecisions.System1typethoughtsarereservedforspecialoccasionswhenwecanaffordtorelaxalittle—onholidayperhaps.Howevertheformerplaysmoreofasecondaryroleinourliveswiththelattertakingthemainstage.SometimesitsSystem1thatmakestherightdecisionbutSystem2thatgetsitwrong.Forexampleprofessionalsportsteamsputalotofeffortintoagameplanbutoftenitstheunconscioushumanwishtodosomethingdifferentlythatleadstoaspectaculargoal.Thiscanalsoleadtothemonmistakenideathatyoursuccessfuldecisionsdemonstrateyourskillandtalentwheninfacttheywerejustluck.12．Accordingtothetextmodernadvertisingsucceedsby________.A．excitingournaturaldesiresB．takingadvantageofourfearsC．causingustoreactinasafewayD．studyingtheprehistorichumanmind解析选A　推理判断题由第一段中的“givingintotemptation诱惑”及“ahumancharacteristic”等可推知，商家正是利用激发人类天生的欲望来做广告的13．WhatisSystem2goodforA．ingupwithcreativeideas.B．Concentratingforlongperiods.C．Performingdifficultmentaltasks.D．Doingseveraltasksatthesametime.解析选C　推理判断题由第二段中的“doingaplexmathematicalsum”可推知，System2思维模式有利于人类做复杂的脑力工作14．Whatdoes“This”inthelastparagraphrefertoA．Anunexpectedsportswin.B．Asuddenchangeofaction.C．Anunconsciousmistake.D．Amatureplan.解析选A　代词指代题This指代的是前文提到的精彩的进球，也就是临时的人为决定带来的意外胜利15．WhatsthetextmainlyaboutA．Howtomakesensibledecisions.B．Whatcontrolsourmind.C．Twosystemsofthought.D．Humancharacteristics.解析选C　主旨大意题全文用对比的手法介绍了人类的两种思维模式各自的作用、优劣及相互关系，故选C项1．语言与结构特点议论文一般观点明确、论据充分、语言精练、论证合理，有严密的逻辑性，通常采用三段论式的结构，即“提出问题引论—分析问题本论—解决问题结论”因此，要理解议论文有两个关键点，一是要弄清文章的论点是什么、采用了哪些论据、如何论证；二是要理清其基本结构——三段论式结构2．答题误区议论文阅读理解题易错点往往在于事实与观点的区分以及观点本身解题时，一要弄清哪些是所引述的事实，哪些是作者的观点以及引述中不同人物的观点；二要弄清作者真正的观点是什么，既要考虑全文，又要重视结论部分，谨防将文章中引述的某人的观点和作者的观点混为一谈3．阅读策略在阅读解题时，应该从结构和内容两方面同时入手，先通读全文，再区分事实和观点通常来说，议论文会采用三段论式结构首段会通过一个故事或对某种现象的描述来引入话题，明确论点；接下来是文章的主体部分，会用两个或两个以上的段落引用事实和理论论据进行论证，常用的论证方法有举例、引用和对比等，这一部分要注意作者所选用的论据，它们往往与细节理解题的考查点相对应，同时还要留意论证的方法；文章的最后一段是结论部分，要弄清作者最后得出了什么结论在通读全文并了解文章的结构和内容后再阅读试题，到文章中去找相对应的信息，比如事实、观点、作者真正的意图和结论等。