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Unit4Globalwarming高考试卷分块专练Ⅰ.阅读理解ATheMetropolitanMuseumofArtmoremonlyknownas“theMet”,locatedinNewYorkCityisthelargestartmuseumintheUnitedStates.Itsimpressivepermanentcollectionishometoovertwomillionworksdividedamongseventeenspecializeddepartments.Itisamongthemostvisitedartmuseumsintheworld.Themainbuildingisoneoftheworldslargestartgalleries.OnMarch182016themuseumopenedthatMetBreuerMuseumgreatlyenrichingthemuseumsmodernanduptodateartprogram.TheMetspermanentcollectionconsistsofworksofartfromclassicalantiquestoancientEgyptianartifacts史前古器物paintingsandsculpturesfromallbutafewoftheEuropeanmasters.ItalsohasanoutstandingcollectionofAmericanandmodernartandproudlyhousesextensiveholdingsofAfricanAsianOceanianIndianandIslamicart.Visitorscanalsofindlargecollectionsofmusicalinstrumentsandcostumesaswellasantiqueweaponsfromaroundtheglobe.TheMetropolitanMuseumofArtwasfoundedin
1870.Itistheresultofaprojectbetweenbusinessmenfinanciersandinfluentialthinkersoftheday.TheyallsharedthesamepassionofbringingartandarteducationtotheAmericanpeople.ThatdreambecamearealitywhenthemuseumopeneditsdoorsonFebruary
201872.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了位于纽约的大都会艺术博物馆的一些信息1.WhatisspecialabouttheMetA.Itsname. B.Itscollection.C.Itsbuilding.D.Itslocation.解析选B 细节理解题根据第一段第二句“Itsimpressivepermanentcollectionishometoovertwomillionworksdividedamongseventeenspecializeddepartments.”可知,大都会艺术博物馆的特别之处在于它的收藏故选B项2.WhatdoweknowabouttheMetscollectionsA.TheyarefromEuropeanmasters.B.TheymainlyefromEurope.C.Theyareaboutantiqueweapons.D.Theycoverartsofdifferenttimes.解析选D 推理判断题根据第二段第
一、二句可推知,大都会艺术博物馆的收藏包含了不同时期的艺术品故选D项3.WhywastheMetropolitanMuseumofArtbuiltA.Toshowtheownersprideinitslargesize.B.Toinvestandmakemoremoneyinthefuture.C.ToofferarteducationtotheAmericanpeople.D.Tobringtheworldwideartistsdreamintoreality.解析选C 推理判断题根据最后一段倒数第二句“TheyallsharedthesamepassionofbringingartandarteducationtotheAmericanpeople.”可推知,大都会艺术博物馆的建立是为了给美国人民提供艺术教育故选C项BArcticseaiceismeltingfasterthanexpectedandthatmeansbigchangesinEarthsclimatesystem.ThatwarningesfromtheWorldMeteorologicalOrganizationWMO.ItsscientistsarecallingfortheestablishmentofanArcticobservatorytohelpdealwithpossibledangerouschangesresultingfromthemeltingice.TheWMObelieveschangesintheArcticareaarelikelyevidenceofaingdisaster.Itnotedthattemperaturesaroundtheworldcontinuetorise.Thenextyearispredictedtobethehottestyearsincemodernrecordkeepingbegan150yearsago.TheArcticiswarmingatleasttwotimesasfastastheworldaveragetheWMOsaid.ThehighestArcticsealevelsinMarchweresaidtobethelowestonrecord.PetteriTaalasistheWMOsSecretaryGeneral.Hesaidthatthechangesintheclimatewerehavingaseriousresult.Forexamplehesaidthetreelineinmountainareasismovingupward.“Therearealsosomespeciesofanimalswhohavedifficultiesincopingwiththesechanges,”Taalassaid.TheseincludepolarbearsArcticsealsandevensomebirds.Hesaidthechangingclimatewillalsohaveaneffectonfisheries.TaalasalsowarnedthatthemeltingoftheArcticsfrozenpermafrostcouldreleaselargeamountsofgreenhousegases.Thosegasesaretheonesthatspeeduptheriseoftemperatures.ButthemeltingoftheArcticseaiceisalsoopeningupnewtransportationtravelandexplorationpossibilities.TaalassaidthatlessicecouldcutthetimeittakesforshipstosailbetweenEuropeandEastAsia.OpeningtheArcticwouldalsoincreasetheriskofaccidentsinhazardouswatersandoilspills.Thecoldundevelopedenvironmentismoredifficulttocleanupthanotherareas.TaalascalledfortheestablishmentofanArcticobservatorytostudypredictandreacttoclimatechange.HesaidthiswouldkeeptransportationinArcticwaterssafe.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了北极冰川加速融化及其带来的影响和应对措施4.WhichofthefollowingwillbeinfluencedbythewarmingaccordingtoTaalasA.Environment.B.Transportation.C.Travel.D.Agriculture.解析选A 细节理解题根据第五段内容可知,Taalas认为北极冰川加速融化是因为气候变暖,而气候变暖会对林木业、动物和渔业造成严重影响,并产生温室气体,这些都是对环境的影响故选A5.WhatstheadvantageofthemeltingArcticseaiceaccordingtothepassageA.Itpreventsthegreenhousegasesproducing.B.Itwillmakesummernotashotasbefore.C.AnArcticobservatoryneedstobesetup.D.Itbroadenstrafficandscienceresearch.解析选D 细节理解题根据第六段第一句“ButthemeltingoftheArcticseaiceisalsoopeningupnewtransportationtravelandexplorationpossibilities.”可知,北极冰川的融化扩大了交通和科学研究的领域故选D6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“hazardous”inParagraph7meanA.Deepandfreezing.B.Involvingriskordanger.C.Smoothandbalanced.D.Safeandslow.解析选B 词义猜测题画线词所在句中的“hazardouswatersandoilspills”和下句中的“Thecoldundevelopedenvironment”应属同一类环境hazardous与“寒冷和未开发的”相对应,应意为“危险的”故选B7.WhereisthepassageprobablytakenfromA.Ageographybook.B.Aschoolbooklet.C.Atravelguide.D.Asciencereport.解析选D 文章出处题本文主要介绍了北极冰川加速融化及其带来的影响和应对措施,并且文中列举了相关人士的观点,因此本文可能出自科学报告故选DCOneSundayMalachiBradleywassearchingforwildmushroomsineasternUtahwhenherealizedhehadwanderedtoofarfromthemountainlakewherehewashikingwithhisfatherandsiblings.The10yearoldboytriedlookingforaroadtoflagdownadriverbuttheareaabout200mileseastofSaltLakeCitywastooremote.Herememberedthesurvivalskillshisfatherhadtaughthimandeventuallyhunkered蹲下downbetweenrocksstillwarmfromthesuntoprotecthimselffromthecoldmountainnight.“ItwasstrangenothavinganybodywithmebutIjustkeptgoing.IknewIhadtomakeitbackormyfamilywouldbereallysad,”MalachisaidonTuesday.Overthenearly30hourshewasmissinginthebackcountry.Hefoundriverwatertodrinkandeventriedunsuccessfullytocatchafishwithaspearmadefromastick.MeanwhiledozensofsearchandrescueworkersweresearchingtheareaonhorsesandATVs全地形车aswellasintheairbuttheycouldntspotMalachiinthewoodedarea.AsnightfellandtemperaturedroppedMalachiwrappedhisTshirtaroundhislegshuddledinhisjacketandprotectedhimselffromtheweatherbetweentherocks.Theremainingwarmthhelpedhimgetthroughthenight.BackatPaulLakehisfatherDannyBradleyandafriendwhohadjoinedthemforthecampingwerekeepingafireburninghopingtheboymightwanderbackbyhimself.AsthehoursworeonBradleyimaginedhissonaloneinthewoodsandwasterrifiedthathemightbehurt.ThenextdayMalachiheardapolicehelicopterflyingoverhead.Heknewthesearchersaboardthecraftcouldntseehimthroughthetreessohestartedwalkingagainuntilhefoundaclearing.HestayedthereandbrieflyfellasleepuntilasearchplanespottedhimfromtheairandahelicopterlandedtopickhimuponMonday.“Malachiwasfoundaboutfivemilessoutheastofwherehewentmissing,”UintahCountySheriffVanceNortonsaid.Itappearedthathewandereddownadeepandnarrowvalleyandoverahillbeforehefoundtheclearing.Malachisaidhewouldgocampingagainbutnexttimehewouldnotgetawayfromotherpeople.“Ivelearnedfrommymistakes,”hesaid.语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文,讲述了一个在丛林中迷路的小男孩独自求生,并最终获救的故事8.WhatdidMalachimanagetodotosurviveA.Buildashelteronhisown.B.Catchafishwithaspear.C.Staybetweenrocksatnight.D.Findaroadtostopapassingcar.解析选C 细节理解题根据第二段最后一句“...eventuallyhunkered蹲下downbetweenrocksstillwarmfromthesuntoprotecthimselffromthecoldmountainnight”和第五段中的“Asnightfellandtemperaturedropped...protectedhimselffromtheweatherbetweentherocks.”可知,他蹲在温暖的石头之间来抵御夜晚的寒冷故选C项9.HowcouldtheplanespotMalachiA.Hekeptwavingandshoutingloudly.B.Hestoodonthetopofarock.C.HeusedhisTshirttomakeasignal.D.Hestayedinanareawithouttreesorbushes.解析选D 细节理解题根据第七段中的“...sohestartedwalkingagainuntilhefoundaclearing.Hestayedthereandbrieflyfellasleepuntilasearchplanespottedhimfromtheair...”可知,为了让直升机发现他,他找到了一块林中空地clearing意为“空地”故选D项10.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat________.A.DannyBradleykeptafireburningtolethissonknowthewaybackB.MalachiBradleywassearchingforsomeflowerswhenhegotlostC.MalachialwaysstayedwherehewentmissingandwaitedforrescueD.Malachisteacheroncetaughthimhowtosurviveinawilderness解析选A 推理判断题根据第六段中的“BackatPaulLakehisfatherDannyBradleyandafriendwhohadjoinedthemforthecampingwerekeepingafireburninghopingtheboymightwanderbackbyhimself.”可知,他的父亲和一个朋友在营地让火一直燃烧,是希望男孩可以自己走回来故选A项11.WhatlessondoesMalachiBradleylearnfromtheexperienceA.Bebravewhenindanger.B.Stayclosetootherswhencamping.C.Becautioustotakeanadventure.D.Believeinoneselfwhenfacingdifficulties.解析选B 细节理解题根据最后一段中的“...butnexttimehewouldnotgetawayfromotherpeople”可知,下一次他不会再离开其他人了故选B项DWehaveaproblemandthestrangethingisthatwenotonlyknowaboutitbutalsocelebrateit.Justtodaysomeoneboastedtomethatshewassobusyshesaveragedfourhoursofsleepanightforthelasttwoweeks.Shewasntplaining;shewasproudofthefact.Sheisnotalone.WhyaretypicallyrationalpeoplesoirrationalintheirbehaviorTheansweristhatwereinthemidstofabubble.Icallit“TheMoreBubble”.Thenatureofbubblesisthatsomethingisabsurdlyovervalueduntil—eventually—thebubbleburstsandwereleftwonderingwhyweweresoirrationallyanimatedinthefirstplace.Thethingwereovervaluingnowistheopinionofdoingitallhavingitallachievingitall.Thisbubbleisbeingenabledbyabinationofthreepowerfultrends:smartphonessocialmediaandextremeconsumerism.Theresultisnotjustinformationoverloadbutopinionoverload.Wearemoreawarethanatanytimeinhistoryofwhateveryoneelseisdoingandthereforewhatweshouldbedoing.Intheprocesswehavebeensoldabillofgoods:thatsuccessmeansbeingsupermenandsuperwomenwhocangetitalldone.Ofcourseweboastedaboutbeingbusy—itscodeforbeingsuccessfulandimportant.Andouranswertotheproblemofmoreisalwaysmore.Weneedmoretechnologytohelpuscreatemoretechnologies.Weneedtoshiftourworkloadtofreeupourowntimetodoyetevenmore.Luckilythereisasolutiontothepursuitofmore:thepursuitoflessbutbetter.Agrowingnumberofpeoplearemakingthischange.IcallthesepeopleEssentialists.Thesepeoplearedesigningtheirlivesaroundwhatisessentialandremovingeverythingelse.Thesepeoplearrangetohaveactualweekendsduringwhichtheyarenotworking.Theycreatetechnologyfreezonesintheirhomes.TheytradetimeonFacebookwithcallingthosefewfriendswhoreallymattertothem.Insteadofrunningtodifferentmeetingstheyputspaceontheircalendarstogetimportantworkdone.Sowehavetwochoices:Wecanbeamongthelastpeoplecaughtupin“TheMoreBubble”,orwecanjointhegrowingmunityofEssentialistsandgetmoreofwhatmattersinouronepreciouslife.语篇解读本文是一篇议论文受智能手机、社交媒体和极端消费主义的影响,许多人乐于说自己很忙,这掩盖了生活的本质我们应当关注生活中最重要的部分,屏蔽那些无关紧要的事物12.Whenthewomansaidfortwoweekssheonlysleptforfourhoursanight________.A.shewasunsatisfiedwithherlifestyleB.shewasaskingforsuggestionsC.shetookprideindoingsoD.sheknewfewpeoplewerelikeher解析选C 细节理解题根据第一段第三句“Shewasntplaining;shewasproudofthefact.”可知,当这个女士说自己最近两周每晚只睡四个小时时,她对自己这样做感到自豪故C项正确13.WhatisParagraph4mainlyaboutA.Thecauseandresultof“TheMoreBubble”.B.Theadvantagesof“TheMoreBubble”.C.Thesolutionsto“TheMoreBubble”.D.Thenewtrendsof“TheMoreBubble”.解析选A 段落大意题通读第四段可知,该段首先分析了“TheMoreBubble”的起因受智能手机、社交媒体和极端消费主义的影响;接着又分析了“TheMoreBubble”的后果信息太多、观点太多,吹嘘忙就是成功和重要的秘诀故A项正确14.AccordingtothearticleEssentialistsarethosewho________.A.giveupcertainthingsforwhatmattersinlifeB.prefertochangefrequentlyC.aretiredofinformationandopinionD.areeagertobeesuccessfulandimportant解析选A 细节理解题根据倒数第二段第一句“Thesepeoplearedesigningtheirlivesaroundwhatisessentialandremovingeverythingelse.”可知,Essentialists是指那些为生活中重要的东西而放弃某些不重要的东西的人故A项正确15.Wecaninferfromthearticlethattheauthor________“TheMoreBubble”.A.issupportiveof B.isundecidedaboutC.disapprovesofD.wondersabout解析选C 推理判断题根据第四段第二句“Theresultisnotjustinformationoverloadbutopinionoverload.”并结合第四段内容可知,“TheMoreBubble”导致信息膨胀、观点泛滥,从而掩盖了真实的生活;据此可以判断,作者对此持反对态度故C项正确Ⅱ.阅读七选五2018·江西重点中学联考Therearesomanythingswedoinourdailylivesthathavebeea“habit”.__1__Howyouanswerthephoneisahabit.Thewayyousitinthecarwhenyoudriveisahabit.HaveyouevertriedtochangethewayyoudosomethingafteryouvedoneitinacertainwayforsolongItsnotveryeasytodo.Theminuteyourminddriftstosomethingelseyougorightbacktotheoldwayofdoingthings.__2__Itsawayofdoingthingsthathasbeeroutineormonplace.Tochangeanexistinghabitorformanewonecanbeatedioustask.Letspicksomethingfairlyeasytostartwithlikespending15minutesinthemorningreadingtheBible.IfyouwanttoturnsomethingintoahabitthatyoudoeverydayyouhavetoWANTtodoit.__3__Makeafirmdecisiontodothisonadailybasis.Imprintitinyourmind.Writeseveralnotestoyourselfandputtheminplaceswhereyouwillseethem.Bythealarmclockonthebathroommirrorontherefrigeratordoorinyourbriefcaseandunderyourcarkeysaregoodplacestostart.Afterthenewnesswearsoffthenyouwillhavetoremindyourself“HeyIforgotto...”Keepusingthenotesifyouhaveto__4__Somepeoplesayitwilltakeoveramonthtosolidifyitandmakeitsomethingyouwilldowithouthavingtothinkaboutit.Itendtoagreewiththelaststatement.Twotothreeweekswillhelpyoutorememberbutthirtydaysormorewillmakeitapartofyoureverydayroutine.__5__A.Whatisa“habit”anywayB.IsdoingthingsinanoldwaygoodC.Brushingyourteethisahabit.D.Formingabadhabitiseasy.E.Ittakes16to21timesofrepeatingatasktomakeitahabit.F.Ifyoudontyouwillfindawaytodoeverythingbutthat.G.Thatssomethingyouwontnecessarilyhavetothinkaboutbeforeyoudoit—habit.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文,阐述了习惯的定义,并介绍了几个培养习惯的方法1.选C 根据空格上一句“Therearesomanythingswedoinourdailylivesthathavebeea‘habit’.”可知,我们日常所做的许多事情已经成了习惯;由空格下一句“Howyouanswerthephoneisahabit.”可知,接电话的方式也成了习惯;据此可以判断,空格处应列举日常生活中已经成为习惯的行为C项“刷牙是一种习惯”紧密衔接上下文,符合语境故C项正确2.选A 根据空格下一句“Itsawayofdoingthingsthathasbeeroutineormonplace.”可知,该句阐述了习惯的定义;据此可以判断,空格处应提问“习惯是什么”故A项正确3.选F 根据空格上一句“IfyouwanttoturnsomethingintoahabitthatyoudoeverydayyouhavetoWANTtodoit.”可知,如果你想将某件事变成你每天都要做的习惯行为,你就必须想要做它,此处强调的是想要做的重要性;据此可以判断,空格处应谈论如果你不想做会发生什么情况故F项正确4.选E 根据空格下一句“Somepeoplesayitwilltakeoveramonthtosolidifyitandmakeitsomethingyouwilldowithouthavingtothinkaboutit.”可知,该处陈述的是养成习惯的一种方法空格处应陈述养成习惯的另一种方法E项中的“16to21times”与下文中的“Twotothreeweeks”相照应故E项正确5.选G 根据空格上一句“Twotothreeweekswillhelpyoutorememberbutthirtydaysormorewillmakeitapartofyoureverydayroutine.”并结合空格处所在的位置可知,空格处总结全文,再次阐述什么是习惯G项“那是你在做之前不必考虑的事——习惯”符合文意故G项正确。