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Unit5NelsonMandela-amodernhero高考试卷分块专练Ⅰ.阅读理解ABessieColemanBorninTexasColemanmovedtoChicagotofindajobbutshebecameinterestedinthestoriessheheardfrompilotsreturningfromWorldWarⅠ.Howeverherrace种族andhergender性别keptheroutofflightschoolsintheU.S.soshemadeherwaytoFrancewhereshecouldlearnflying.WhenshereturnedtoChicagoColemanhaddifficultyfindingjobssoshechosetobeastunt特技pilot.ShewasthefirstblackfemalepilotintheU.S.andwasaninspirationtoearlypilotsandtoAfricanAmericansandNativeAmericans.BessicaRaicheBessicaRaichedroveacarshotgunsandpracticedmedicine.Besidesshewasanacplishedartistandmusician.ButonOct.131910RaichebecamethefirstAmericanwomantomakeaflightinanaircraftbyherself.Raichesaviationcareer航空职业wasshortasshemovedtoSouthernCaliforniatofocusonhercareerinmedicinelaterbeingpresidentoftheOrangeCountyMedicalAssociation.WillaBrownWillaBrownwasthefirstAfricanAmericanwomantoearnbothapilotslicense1938andamerciallicense1939.AsaformerschoolteacherandsocialworkerBrownsetuptheCoffeySchoolofAeronauticsatChicagosHarlemAirportwhichlaterbecamethefirstgovernmentapprovedaviationtrainingschoolforAfricanAmericans.PeggyWhitsonAt57PeggyWhitsonwastheworldsoldestspacewoman.Shehasspent500daysoffEarth—morethananyotherwomanandin2008shebecamethefirstfemalemanderoftheInternationalSpaceStationISS.ShemadehereighthspacewalkonMarch302017andshebeatthecurrentrecordforwomenof50hoursand40minutesoftotalspacewalkingtime.语篇解读本文是一篇应用文介绍了四位女性飞行员1.WhydidBessieColemanmovetoFranceA.Toacquirestuntskills.B.Tofindawellpaidjob.C.TotakepartinWorldWarⅠ.D.Toachieveherflyingdream.解析选D 细节理解题由第一段的“herrace种族andhergender性别keptheroutofflightschoolsintheU.S.soshemadeherwaytoFrancewhereshecouldlearnflying”可知,BessieColeman到法国是想实现自己成为飞行员的梦想2.WhomadeacontributiontoaviationeducationA.BessieColeman. B.BessicaRaiche.C.WillaBrown.D.PeggyWhitson.解析选C 细节理解题由第三段的最后一句可知,WillaBrown创办了第一所政府支持的非裔美国人飞行训练学校3.WhatcanweknowaboutPeggyWhitsonA.Sheenjoyedherjourneyinspace.B.Shesetsomesurprisingrecords.C.ShedevotedherselftobuildingtheISS.D.Shesetotherblackwomenanexample.解析选B 推理判断题由最后一段可知,宇航员PeggyWhitson创造了几项世界纪录4.WhichofthefollowingdothefourshareA.Theyareoutstandingwomenpilots.B.Theysuffereddiscriminationatwork.C.Theyneverreceivedgoodeducation.D.Theyhaveshowngreatcreativity.解析选A 推理判断题由第一段的最后一句、第二段的“RaichebecamethefirstAmericanwomantomakeaflightinanaircraftbyherself”以及第三段和第四段的内容可推知,这四位都是杰出的女飞行员BKruberaCaveinthewesternCaucasusMountainsisthedeepestknowncaveintheworld.AninternationalteampreparedtodescendintoKrubera.Theteammembershopedtobethefirstcaverstoreachadepthof2000metersbroughtfivetonsofequipmentandothernecessitieswiththemandestablishedcampsatkeylocationsalongtheroute.Theyworkedforupto20hourseachday.Inthethirdweekprogresswasblockedat1775metersbyasump—acavepassagefilledwithwaterthatgivescaversfewoptions.Therearebasicallythreetechniquesavailable:divethroughitemptyitorgoaroundit.GennadiySamokhindovetothebottombutwasdisappointed.“Nochancetogetthrough,”hesaid.SearchingforawayaroundthesumpGarciaDilsriskedenteringawaterfallofnearfreezingwateranddiscoveredthathisdrysuithadholesinit.“ThewaterwassocoldIlostthefeelinginmyfingers,”hesaidlater.Hetoowasunsuccessful.FinallytwoteammatesfoundawayaroundthesumpthroughatightpassagetheycalledtheWaytotheDream.Theteamwasexhilarated.Thepassageledtoyetanothersumpat1840meters.AfterashorttestdiveSamokhinemergedsmiling.Therewasapromisingpassagehereported.Butitwouldhavetowait.Afternearlyfourweekswithsuppliesrunninglowtheteamhadrunoutoftimeandwouldhavetoreturntothesurface.FourweekslaterateamofnineUkrainiancaversledbyYuriKasjanwentbacktoKrubera.Followingthepathopenedbythepreviousteamtheyreachedthesumpat1840metersrelativelyquickly.Aftermuchsearchingapit坑laternamedtheMillenniumPitwasdiscoveredthatallowedthemtopassthe2000meterdepth.Morepitsandpassagesledthemto2080metersaspottheynamedGameOver.Butthecavinggameisneverover.Deepercaveswillprobablycontinuetobediscoveredandcallouttobeexplored.语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文文章讲述了探察洞穴者对世界上最深的洞穴——库鲁伯亚拉洞穴进行探索的过程5.WhydidtheteamreturntothesurfaceafternearlyfourweeksA.Theywerelackinginsupplies.B.Theyhadachievedtheirgoal.C.Theycouldntgothroughthesump.D.TheygavetheirtasktoYuriKasjansteam.解析选A 细节理解题根据第三段中的“Afternearlyfourweekswithsuppliesrunninglowtheteamhadrunoutoftimeandwouldhavetoreturntothesurface.”可知,因为物资逐渐短缺,探察洞穴者才被迫返回地面6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“exhilarated”probablymeanA.Cheerful.B.Powerful.C.Confused.D.Exhausted.解析选A 词义猜测题根据画线词前的“twoteammatesfoundawayaroundthesumpthroughatightpassagetheycalledtheWaytotheDream”可知,两名队员找到了通过水坑的通道,所以他们很高兴,故选A7.WhatisthetextmainlyaboutA.ThefeaturesofKruberaCave.B.Famouscavesaroundtheworld.C.AjourneyofexploringKruberaCave.D.TheimportanceofexploringKruberaCave.解析选C 主旨大意题本文讲述了探察洞穴者对世界上最深的洞穴——库鲁伯亚拉洞穴进行探索的过程,故选CCWehaveslowfoodslowtravelevenslowjournalism.Theslowfoodmovementremindsusofthevalueoflocallyproducedseasonalfoodsjustasslowtravelbringsusbacktolocaltraditionswemissasweflyoffinsearchofpeakexperiences.Ina24hournewseraslowjournalismavoidsthedemandsofthebreakingstoryrevisitingandreflectingonoldnews.Inalmosteveryareaoflifeweareturningtowardsaworldwheretimeisnotaluxury奢侈品butarestingplaceandslownessisalmostanecessity.Butthatdoesnthappeninschools.Coursesareforcedintoshorthalfterms.Fromthemomentwegothroughschoolgatestothetimewegetoutagainafewshorthourslatertheremustbeactivitybusynessandspeed.Reflectionisout.Wedontgivestudentsthetimetheyneedtoreadandtheyturntosecondratesubstitutesinstead.WhyreadPlatowhenyoucanreadabookaboutPlatoTheansweristhatwhatPlatowroteismuchmoreinterestingdramaticandenjoyablethananyofthethousandsofbooksthathavebeenwrittenabouthim.Ioncemetafriendapublishedpoet.“Howsthepoetrygoing?”Iasked.“Itsbeenagoodweek,”hereplied.“Iwrotethreelines.”WouldweacceptthatrateofreturnfromourstudentsSlowteachingmeansgivingstudentstimetoreadandthink.HowoftendowedemandimmediateanswerstoourquestionsSilenceismoreoftenunfortablethangoldenintheclassroom.Slowteachingalsomeansresistingthetemptation诱惑tofinisheverydiscussionandbringthinkingtoanend.SlowteachingencouragesustoworkforaslongasthetopicdemandsAdditionallyslowteachingmeansgivingstudentstimetoexplorethenaturalworldandscientificconceptsandtimetogooutsidethecurriculumandfurtherexploreit.语篇解读本文是一篇议论文在其他行业,人们似乎已经接受了慢节奏的生活方式,但在教育领域,慢节奏的教学仍遥不可及8.WhatissuggestedinthefirstparagraphA.Peoplefinditaluxurytoenjoytime.B.Beingslowisbeingamovement.C.Slownessisarecognizedculturenow.D.Itisdifficultforpeopletoslowdown.解析选C 推理判断题结合第一段提到的慢饮食、慢旅行和慢新闻以及它们带来的好处可推知,慢节奏的活动已成为人们认可的一种文化9.WhatcanweknowaboutstudentspresentsituationA.Theyliveinafastpacedworld.B.Theyaremoresilentthanactive.C.Theymainlyfocusonreflecting.D.Theylackgoodreadingmaterials.解析选A 细节理解题由第二段的“theremustbeactivitybusynessandspeed.Reflectionisout.Wedontgivestudentsthetimetheyneedtoread”,第三段的最后一句和最后一段可知,学校课程紧张,学生学习忙碌,甚至没有足够的时间思考、阅读、探索,即学生们处于一个快节奏的世界10.HowcanstudentsbenefitfromslowteachingA.Theyneednthavealongteachingperiod.B.Theycanbringanendtoeverydiscussion.C.Theyhaveenoughtimetothinkandlearn.D.Theyneedntanswereveryquestioninclass.解析选C 细节理解题由最后一段的第一句和最后一句可知,通过慢教学,学生可以有足够的时间进行阅读、思考、探索和学习等11.WhatmaybethebesttitleforthetextA.ShouldschoolcurriculumsbechangedB.ItstimeforaslowteachingrevolutionC.ThewaywereadshouldbechangedD.Isaspeeddrivenworldoutofdate解析选B 标题归纳题本文主要表达了作者的一种主张,即slowteaching减慢教学速度,给学生充分阅读、思考和探索的时间DStephenHawkingWarnsHumansMustLeaveEarthSoonProfessorStephenHawkingrecentlycameoutwithaseriouswarningforpeople.WhileattheStarmusFestivalafestivalinTrondheimNorwaycelebratingscienceandtheartsHawkingwarnedpeoplethatthehumanraceisinseriousdanger.HawkingcriticizedPresidentDonaldTrumpfordenyingclimatechange.Thenthephysicistwarnedtheaudience“IamnotdenyingtheimportanceoffightingclimatechangeandglobalwarmingunlikeDonaldTrumpwhomayjusthavetakenthemostseriousandwrongdecisiononclimatechangethisworldhasseen.”HawkingproposedthattheleadingcountriesshouldsendastronautstotheMoonbefore2020torestartamovementofmoreexplorationinspace.TheBBCreportedthatHawkingsuggestedthatwe“buildalunarbasein30yearstimeandsendpeopletoMarsby2025”.AccordingtotheBBCProfessorHawkingsaid“Spreadingoutintospacewillpletelychangethefutureofhumanity.”Hecontinued“Ihopeitwouldunitepetitivenationsinasinglegoaltofacethemonchallengeforusall.”Thephysicistsharedmoreideastomotivatetheyoungergenerationtocontinueexploringspace.Hawkingstated“Anewandambitiousspaceprogramwouldexciteyoungpeopleandstimulateinterestinotherareassuchasastrophysics天体物理学andcosmology宇宙学.”Hawkingalsorevealedhisvisionofotherformsofenergythatcouldmoveustoanewplanet.Hewarnedtheaudience“TheEarthisunderthreatfromsomanyareasthatitisdifficultformetobepositive.”Hecontinued“Ournaturalresourcesarebeingdrainedatanalarmingrate.Wehavegivenourplanetthedisastrousgiftsofclimatechangerisingtemperaturesreductionofthepolaricecapsdeforestation滥伐森林anddecimation大批杀死ofanimalspecies.Wecanbeanignorantandunthinking考虑不周的lot.”Theprofessorwarnedtheaudiencethatdoingnothingwouldleadnowhere.Hesaid“Ifwesucceedwewillsendaprobe航天探测器toAlphaCentauriwithinthelifetimeofsomeofyoualivetoday.Itisclearthatweareenteringanewspaceage.Wearestandingatthethreshold开端ofanewera.Humancolonizationandmovingtootherplanetsisnolongersciencefictionanditcanbesciencefact.”Hawkingadvisedtheaudiencetomovetootherworldsbecausewearerunningoutofspace.语篇解读文章引用了世界知名物理学及天文学家霍金的观点,阐明了人类必须离开地球在太空中找一处新家的原因12.AccordingtoHawkingwhatisthefirststepforhumanstospreadoutintospaceA.TosendpeopletoMars.B.Tobuildalunarbase.C.TosendastronautstotheMoon.D.Tochangethefutureofhumanity.解析选C 细节理解题由文章第三段的第一句可知,人类要向太空扩展应在2020年之前把宇航员送到月球以重启太空探索,故选C项13.Theunderlinedword“drained”inParagraph5canbereplacedby“________”.A.speededupB.storedC.usedupD.explored解析选C 词义猜测题由该词前面的“naturalresources”和后面的“atanalarmingrate”可以推断出,drain在这里是“用完,耗尽”的意思,故选C项14.WhatisHawkingsattitudetowardstheEarthsfutureA.Pessimistic.B.Confused.C.Positive.D.Indifferent.解析选A 观点态度题由文章中反复出现的“warned”以及第五段的内容可以推断出,霍金对地球的未来持悲观的态度,这也是他提出人类要离开地球的原因,故选A项15.ThereasonwhyhumansmustleavetheEarthsoonisthat________.A.theEarthisunderthreatandthehumanraceisinseriousdangerB.humanshavefoundotherformsofenergytomovetoanewplanetC.anewandambitiousspaceprogramwouldexciteyoungpeopleD.astronautshavefoundabetterworldinspacethantheEarth解析选A 细节理解题由第一段的第二句和第五段的第二句可知,人类必须离开地球的原因是人类处于危险之中,地球受到威胁,故选A项Ⅱ.阅读七选五Somepeoplechoosetoliveinaflatsharingwithothers.Otherscantimagineleavingtheirperfectflatstolivewithlotsofotherpeople.Ifyoulivealoneyoureresponsibleforyourownspace.Ifyouneedyourquietspaceyoureguaranteedtohaveit.__1__Andyoucancatchupwithworkwithoutbeinginterruptedorhavealongandundisturbedbath.Howevertheresnoonearoundifyouneedahelpinghand.Ifsomethinggetsbrokenyoullhavetofixityourself.__2__Youdonthavefriendsathometoinviteyououtandhelpyoumeetpeople.Theresnooneathometohaveacupofteawithandtalkabouthowyourdaywas.__3__Sometimeswhenyougethomethecakeyourcolleaguegaveyouasathankyoupresentismysteriouslygone.Wheneveryouwantarelaxingbaththeresnohotwaterleftandsomeonewantstoeineveryfiveminutes.Itsalsorarelyquiet.Someonealwaysseemstohaveabirthdaypartywhenyouwanttogotobedearly.Butinspiteofallthattherecanbesomewonderfulmomentslikewakinguptothesoundofthehoover吸尘器.__4__Andwhenyouehomeafteralongdayyoufindyourhousematesmakingpizzawithleftovervegetableswhileyouwatchafilm.__5__SowhatsyourchoiceA.Youcanbealonequitealot.B.Thatswhenitallseemsworthit.C.Youdonthavetosharethesofawithanyone.D.Livingalonehasbeemorepopularinrecentyears.E.Itsnotallgoodwhenyoulivewithotherpeoplethough.F.Youwillrealizehowimportantyourfriendsandfamilyare.G.Youwillrealizesomeoneelseisdoingthecleaningforachange.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了独自生活以及与别人合住的优缺点1.选C 本空承接上文,是对上一句“Ifyouneedyourquietspaceyoureguaranteedtohaveit.”的举例如果你需要安静的空间,你肯定会拥有它你不需要和别人分享沙发2.选A 本空后两句是对这一处内容的具体说明你不会收到舍友的外出邀请,也没有人和你在家里边喝茶边聊天;由此可推知,本空是指你会经常感到孤独3.选E 根据下文内容可知,本段谈论了和别人住在一起也并不总是那么美好4.选G 本空承接上一句中提到的那些美妙时刻中的一种情况在吸尘器的声音中醒来,你会意识到有人正在打扫房间5.选B 本空是对最后一段内容的概括这些美妙的时刻会使你感到做出和别人住在一起这个选择是值得的。