2019届高考英语一轮复习分块专项练习（10）阅读理解细节理解（二）

阅读理解细节理解

（二）ATakingashowerisrelaxing.Youcanhumasongdaydreamorthinkaboutnothingleavingtherealworldbehindyou.ButdidyouknowthatshoweringcanalsobenefityourmindAresearchbyScottBarryKaufmanapsychologistfromYaleUniversityintheU．S.interviewedover3000peoplearoundtheworld.Itturnedoutthatnearlytwo­thirdsoftheintervieweessaidtheyhadexperiencednewideasintheshowerandweremorelikelytohavethemintheshowerthanatwork.SowhydoesasimpleshowerhavesuchmagicpowerSciencecanexplainit.Showeringcanhelptoraiseourlevelofdopamineahormone荷尔蒙closelyrelatedtoourcreativity.“Peoplevaryintermsoftheirlevelofcreativityaccordingtotheactivityofdopamine，”explainedAliceFlahertyafamousAmericanneuroscientist.“Takingawarmshowercanmakeusfeelrelaxedandthereforemakethedopaminelevelriseandbring‘Aha！’momenttous.”Besidesthechemicalchangesshoweringmaygiveyouabreakfromwhatyoufeelyouhavebeenstuckwith.Especiallywhenyouhavethoughthardalldayaboutaproblemjumpingintotheshowercankeepyoufromtheoutsideworldsothatyoucanfocusonyourinnerfeelingsandmemories.InthiswayaccordingtoAmericanpsychologistShelleyH.CarsonauthorofYourCreativeBrain“Ashoweringhourmayturnintoan‘incubation孵化period’foryourideas.”paredwithsittinginfrontofaputertakingashowerissomethingwedolessfrequentlyinourdailylife.Whenshoweringwegetafreshexperiencewiththechangeoflocationtemperatureandhumidity.“Newandunexpectedexperiencescanleadtopositivechangesinthinking，”explainedKaufman.“Gettingoffthecouchandjumpingintheshowermaycreateadistanceandforceyoutothinkfromanewpointofview.”Showeringallowsustoenjoythecreativejuicesofourmindsbutitneedntjustbethebathroomwhereyougetyourinspiration.ForinstanceGertrudeSteinafemaleAmericanwriterandpoetgotnewideasbydrivingaroundafarmandstoppingatdifferentcowsuntilshefoundtheonethatmostinspiredher.Sotrytocreateyourownwaytofreeyourmind.1．AccordingtothearticlewhatchangescanshoweringcauseA．Bringingtheterriblemomenttous.B．Settingthecreativepartofthebrainfree.C．Leadingtoboredomortiredness.D．Increasingthelevelofdopamine.解析选D　细节理解题根据第四段第一句“Showeringcanhelptoraiseourlevelofdopamine...”可知，淋浴能够使多巴胺的数值升高故选D项2．Ifonehasfocusedonsomethingalldayshoweringcanhelp________.A．turnonesattentioninwardB．drawonesattentiontotheoutsideworldC．makeanimportantbreakthroughD．manychemicalchangestotakeplace解析选A　细节理解题根据第五段第二句“Especiallywhenyouhavethoughthard...yourinnerfeelingsandmemories.”可知，淋浴可以使人将注意力转向内心故选A项3．AccordingtoKaufmanwhycantakingshowersmakeuscreativeA．Becausetakingshowershappensmoreoften.B．Becausetakingshowerscanmakeusacquireafreshexperienceinspiringus.C．Becausenothingbuttakingshowerscangetourinspiration.D．Becausetakingshowerscanhelpustrysomethingunexpected.解析选B　细节理解题根据第六段中的“Whenshoweringwegetafreshexperience”及“leadtopositivechangesinthinking”，再结合最后一段的描述可知，淋浴可以帮助我们获得新的体验、赋予我们灵感，故选B项4．TheexampleofGertrudeSteininthelastparagraphisusedto________.A．encouragereaderstofindtheirownwaysofgettinginspirationB．pointouttoreadersthatitshardtogetinspirationC．explainhowtolinkinspirationwithreadersdailylivesD．showthatcreativityoftenesfromstrangeplaces解析选A　推理判断题根据最后一段中的“butitneedntjustbethebathroomwhereyougetyourinspiration”及最后一句“Sotrytocreateyourownwaytofreeyourmind.”可以判断，举该例是为了鼓励读者寻找适合自己的获得灵感的方式故选A项B2018·广西桂林十八中模拟Noonecandenythatbuttonsareanimportantclothingdevice.ButcantheyrisetothelevelofartOrganizersofanexhibitinNewYorkCitythinkso.PeterSouleoWrightorganized“TheButtonShow”atRushArtsGalleryintheChelseaneighborhoodofManhattan.Elevenartistsusedthesmallordinaryobjectstocreatesculpturesportraitsandwearableart.Someoftheworksarepoliticalsomearepersonalandothersarejustfun.Wrightsaideachartistreimaginesandrepurposesthebuttonstomakeart.“WhatItriedtodowiththisshow，”hesaid“wastolookatartistswhowerepromotingthatlevelofcraft.”Hesaidhewantedthebuttonarttobeparabletoapainting“becauseoftheamountofdetailandprecisioninthework”．ArtistBeauMcCallproduced“AHarlemHangover”.Itlookslikeawinebottlethatfelloveronatable.Astreamofconnectedredbuttonshangoverthesidelikewineflowingdown.Similarredbuttonsformasmallpoolonthefloor.McCalllayersbuttonsofdifferentshapesandsizestocreatethebottle.Thestitchingthatholdsthemtogetherisalsopartoftheartisticdesign.ForSanFrancisco­basedartistLisaKokinbuttonsarehighlypersonal.Afterherfatherdiedin2001shecreatedaportraitofhimusingonlybuttons.ThatmemorialtoherfatherledtootherbuttonportraitsincludingthoseofactivistsRosaParksandCesarChavez.Othersusebuttonsfordetails.ArtistAmaliaAmakiofTuscaloosaAlabamaplacedthemonandaroundoldphotographs.LosAngelesartistCamillaTaylorattachedbuttonstothreelargesculpturesthatlooklikeheadlessanimalswithlongnarrowlegs.“TheButtonShow”endsatMarch

12.TheRushPhilanthropicArtsFoundationpaidfortheexhibition.Thefoundationwascreatedin1995bytheSimmonsbrothers:artistDannyhip­hopproducerRussellandrapperReverendRun.Thefoundationseekstobringtheartiststourbanyouthandtoprovidesupportfornewartists.语篇解读文章介绍了纽约艺术家们组织的一场特殊的纽扣展览，在展览中人们见到了许多有创意的艺术品1．WhydidWrightorganize“TheButtonShow”？A．Toshowtheimportanceofbuttons.B．Tosupportthenewartists.C．Toraisethebuttonshowtothelevelofart.D．Tocreatesculpturesandportraits.解析选C　细节理解题根据第一段最后两句“ButcantheyrisetothelevelofartOrganizersofanexhibitinNewYorkCitythinkso.”和第二段中的“PeterSouleoWrightorganized‘TheButtonShow’”可知，赖特组织“纽扣展”的目的是将纽扣展上升到艺术水平故选C项2．WhoseworksarepersonalA．PeterSouleoWright.B．BeauMcCall.C．LisaKokin.D．AmaliaAmaki.解析选C　细节理解题根据倒数第三段第一句“ForSanFrancisco­basedartistLisaKokinbuttonsarehighlypersonal.”可知，对于莉萨·科金来说纽扣是高度私人化的东西故选C项3．Ifyouwanttosee“TheButtonShow”，youshould________.A．buyticketsbeforeMarch12B．phonePeterSouleoWrightbeforeMarch12C．gotoRushArtsGalleryD．gototheRushPhilanthropicArtsFoundation解析选C　细节理解题根据第二段第一句“PeterSouleoWrightorganized‘TheButtonShow’atRushArtsGalleryintheChelseaneighborhoodofManhattan.”可知，赖特组织的纽扣展是在RushArtsGallery故选C项CTousitseemssonaturaltoputupanumbrellatokeepthewateroffwhenitrainsbutactuallytheumbrellawasnotinventedasprotectionagainsttherain.Itsfirstusewasasashadeagainstthesun!Nobodyknowswhofirstinventeditbuttheumbrellawasusedinveryancienttimes.ProbablythefirsttouseitweretheChineseinthe11thcenturyBC.WeknowthattheumbrellawasusedinancientEgyptandBabylonasasunshade.Andtherewasastrangethingconnectedwithitsuse:itbecameasymbolofhonor.IntheFarEastinancienttimestheumbrellawasallowedtobeusedonlybythoseinhighoffice.InEuropetheGreekswerethefirsttousetheumbrellaasasunshade.AndtheumbrellawasmonlyusedinancientGreece.ButitisbelievedthatthefirstpersonsinEuropetousetheumbrellaasprotectionagainsttherainweretheancientRomans.DuringtheMiddleAgestheuseofumbrellapracticallydisappeared.ThenitappearedagaininItalyinthelate16thcentury.Andagainitwasconsideredasasymbolofpower.By1680theumbrellaappearedinFranceandlaterinEngland.Bythe18thcenturytheumbrellawasusedagainstrainthroughoutmostofEurope.Umbrellashavenotchangedmuchinstyleduringallthistimethoughtheyhavebeemuchlighterinweight.Itwasntuntilthetwentiethcenturythatwomensumbrellasbegantobemadeinawholevarietyofcolors.篇章导读本文是一篇说明文文章主要介绍了伞最初产生时的用途以及其后来的演变　1．Accordingtothispassagetheumbrellawasprobablyfirstinventedinancient________.A．ChinaB．EgyptC．GreeceD．Rome答案A　细节理解题根据文章第二段第二句可判断伞最初或许是在中国产生的2．WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueabouttheumbrellaA．Nooneexactlyknowswhotheinventoroftheumbrellawas.B．Theumbrellawasfirstinventedtobeusedasprotectionagainstthesun.C．Theumbrellachangedmuchinstyleinthe18thcentury.D．InEuropetheGreekswerethefirsttousetheumbrellaasasunshade.答案C　细节理解题根据文章倒数第一段中的“Umbrellashavenotchangedmuchinstyleduringallthistime”可知，一直以来，伞在风格上没有什么大的变化3．Astrangefeatureoftheumbrellasuseisthatitwasusedas________.A．protectionagainstrainB．ashadeagainstthesunC．asymbolofhonorandpowerD．womensdecoration答案C　细节理解题根据文章第三段第二句“Andtherewasastrangething...asymbolofhonor.”和最后一句“...onlybythoseinhighoffice.”可判断出答案DDujiangyanistheoldestman­madewatersystemintheworldandawonderinthedevelopmentofChinesescience.Builtover2200yearsagoinwhatisnowSichuanProvinceinSouthwestChinathisamazingengineeringachievementisstillusedtodaytoirrigateover6000squarekilometresoffarmlandtakeawayfloodwaterandprovidewaterfor50citiesintheprovince.InancienttimestheregioninwhichDujiangyannowstandssufferedfromregularfloodscausedbyoverflowfromtheMinjiangRiver.TohelpthevictimsofthefloodingLiBingtheregionsgovernortogetherwithhissondecidedtofindasolution.TheystudiedtheproblemanddiscoveredthattherivermostoftenoverflowedwhenwintersnowatthetopofthenearbyMountYuleibegantomeltastheweatherwarmed.ThesimplestfixwastobuildadambutthiswouldhaveruinedtheMinjiangRiver.SoinsteadLidesignedaseriesofchannelsbuiltatdifferentlevelsalongMountYuleithatwouldtakeawaythefloodwaterwhileleavingtheriverflowingnaturally.BetterstilltheextrawatercouldbedirectedtothedryChengduPlainmakingitsuitableforfarming.CuttingthechannelsthroughthehardrockofMountYuleiwasaremarkableacplishmentasitwasdonelongbeforetheinventionofgunpowderandexplosives.LiBingfoundanothersolution.Heusedabinationoffireandwatertoheatandcooltherocksuntiltheycrackedandcouldberemoved.Aftereightyearsofworkthe20­metre­widecanalshadbeencarvedthroughthemountain.Oncethesystemwasfinishednomorefloodsoccurredandthepeoplewereabletolivepeacefullyandaffluently.TodayDujiangyanisadmiredbyscientistsfromaroundtheworldbecauseofonefeature.UnlikemoderndamswherethewaterisblockedwithahugewallDujiangyanstillletswaterflowthroughtheMinjiangRivernaturallyenablingecosystemsandfishpopulationstoexistinharmony.篇章导读本文是一篇说明文全文简述了都江堰水利工程的特点及其重要价值1．WhatarethebenefitsofDujiangyanaccordingtothefirstparagraphA．Reducingfloodingandwateringfarmland.B．Protectingthemountainandreducingflooding.C．Wateringfarmlandandimprovingwaterquality.D．Dryingtheriverandsupplyingcitieswithwater.答案A　细节理解题根据第一段第二句可知，都江堰水利工程带来的益处是灌溉、防洪和提供用水故选A2．WhatwasthemaincauseoftheMinjiangRiversfloodingA．Heavyrains.B．Meltingsnow.C．Lowriverbanks.D．Steepmountains.答案B　细节理解题根据第二段最后一句可知，岷江洪水泛滥主要是由山上的积雪融化造成的故选B3．HowwasLiBingabletobreakthroughtherocksofMountYuleiA．Byusinggunpowder.B．Byfloodingtherockswithwater.C．Byapplyingaheatingandcoolingtechnique.D．Bybreakingtherockswithhammersandspades.答案C　细节理解题根据第四段第三句“Heusedabinationoffireandwatertoheatandcooltherocksuntiltheycrackedandcouldberemoved.”可知，他是通过运用加热和冷却的技术来解决这一难题的故选C4．WhyisDujiangyangreatlyadmiredbyscientiststodayA．Itpreservesmuchofthenaturalriverlife.B．Ittookverylittletimetopletetheproject.C．Thebuildingtechniquesusedwereverymodern.D．Ithasraisedthelivingstandardsofthelocalpeople.答案A　细节理解题根据最后一段最后一句可知，这是因为都江堰水利工程使河流的生态系统和鱼类和谐相处故选AETheworldisfilledwithextremelytalentedsandartists—peoplethatcanmasterfullycarveupgiantcastlessculpturesandevenpaintingsusingjustsandandwater.ButveryfewareaslovableastheBeachbot—arobotwhichwillkeeptheaudienceentertainedasitmovesaroundcreatingbeautifulmasterpieces.Anautomaticpressurecontrolallowstherobottousetherightamountofforceonthesoftsand.SevenmotorsensurethattheBeachbotcanarrangetherakeprongs尖头allowingittocreate“brushstrokes”measuringtwofeetlongandfifteenincheswideandtall.Therakecanalsoberetractedatanytimeenablingtherobottocreatetheoutlinewithmultiplelinesinsteadofacontinuousone.Itsthreecushionedballoon－likewheelsnotonlyhelpinpaintingsmoothercurvesbutalsoallowtherobottodriveovertheartworkwithoutruiningit.OfcoursealltheskillandquicknessareonlypossiblebecauseoftheBeachbotsincredible“brain”，whichhasbeenprogrammedandturnsimagesintopathsthattherobotcaneasilyfollow.Aninbuiltlaserscannerallowsthedetectionofthefourreflectivepolesthatactaslimitsofitssandpaintings.Inadditiontheinertial惯性的measurementunitallowstheartisttomakeprecisemovementsthatbeelinespatternsandeventuallybeautifulshapesandimagessomeasbigas30feetby30feet.WhiletheBeachbotsartworkwhichitpletesinaspeedyquicktenminutesiscertainlyimpressivewhatisevenmoresoiswatchingtherobotcreateit—asightitsinventorssuitablydescribeas“amagicalshow”．TheBeachbotwhichisstillintheconceptstageisnotquitereadyforproduction.Thatsbecauseitrequiresmanual靠人工的pullingespeciallywhencreatinglargersandpaintings.InadditionitsinventorsimaginefutureBeachbotstobeabletoerasetheirownmasterpiecespaintentireshorelinesandevenbeproficientsnowartists.篇章导读本文是一篇说明文主要介绍了一款可以在沙滩上作画的沙滩机器人1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“one”inParagraph2refertoA．Theoutline.B．Therobot.C．Theline.D．Therake.答案C　指代判断题根据画线词前面的“enablingtherobottocreatetheoutlinewithmultiplelinesinsteadofacontinuous”可知，one指的是前面提到的线条2．HowdoestheBeachbotknowwhattodrawA．Byusinganinbuiltlaserscannertoreceiveasignalofpainting.B．Byarrangingsevenmotorstodesignthepaintingpatterns.C．Byusingaprogramtochangeimagesintopaths.D．Bydependingonamantoguideitonthescene.答案C　细节理解题结合第三段中的“becauseoftheBeachbotsincredible“brain”，whichhasbeenprogrammedandturnsimagesintopathsthattherobotcaneasilyfollow”可知，这个沙滩机器人由软件控制，能够把图案转变成路径从而进行作画3．WhathelpstheBeachbotfiguretheboundariestodrawwithinA．Thefourreflectivepoles.B．Theinertialmeasurementunit.C．Theautomaticpressurecontrol.D．Thethreecushionedballoon－likewheels.答案A　细节理解题根据第三段第二句“Aninbuiltlaserscannerallowsthedetectionofthefourreflectivepolesthatactaslimitsofitssandpaintings.”可知，这四个反射杆限制着它的作画范围4．WhyisnttheBeachbotreadyforproductionA．Itcantpletepaintingsinashorttime.B．Itcantcreatelargersandpaintings.C．Itcantdrawacontinuousline.D．Itcantmoveallbyitselfnow.答案D　推理判断题从最后一段中的“whichisstillintheconceptstage”及“becauseitrequiresmanual靠人工的pulling”可知，这个沙滩机器人还不能独自作画，即它还需要人工帮助FHeresalookatBobDylanslifethroughhislegendarymusic.“SongtoWoody”1962ItwasreleasedonhisdebutalbumBobDylanin

1962.DylanexpressedhisrespectforthelegendaryfolksingerWoodyGuthrieinthisearlyclassic.“TheTimesTheyAreA­Changin”1963ItwasreleasedasthetitletrackofhisthirdalbumofthesamenamewhichlaunchedhimasamajorvoiceinthenewfolksceneandmarkedthebeginningoftheCivilRightsmovementofthe1960s.CriticMichaelGraycalledit“thearchetypicalprotestsong.”“BalladinPlainD”1964DylandetailshisfractiousrelationshipwithSuzeRotolointhislongtrackfromhisfourthalbumAnotherSideofBobDylan.DylanscholarClintonHeylincalledit“anexerciseofpainfulautobiography.”“LikeaRollingStone”1965ChosenbyRollingStoneasnumberoneonitslistofthe500GreatestSongsofAllTimeitwasfromtheHighway61RevisitedalbumandtransformedDylansimagefromafolksingertoarockstar.HewroteitafterreturningfromanexhaustingtourofEngland.Hewasthinkingaboutquittingthemusicbusinessbutheworkedouthisfrustrationsaboutthepublicsdemandingexpectationsofhimthroughthissong.“AllAlongtheWatchtower”1968Afteranear­fatalmotorcycleaccidentin1966Dylanwentintoseclusionforalmostayear.HeemergedwithoneofhisgreatestartisticachievementswiththistrackfromtheJohnWesleyHardingalbum.Manycriticshaveseenthissongasasumming­upofDylanslifeandcareer.“GottaServeSomebody”1979Inthelate1970sDylanunderwentaconversiontoborn­againChristianitytakingfivemonthsofftouringtoattendBibleschool.Thisyearningpleaformeaningexpressedhisnewreligion.ItwaspartofhisSlowTrainingrock­gospelalbum.“ThingsHaveChanged”2000WrittenforthefilmWonderBoysthisstrangeportraitofanagingstarshufflingthroughshowbusinesswonDylanaGoldenGlobeandanOscar.语篇解读本文是一篇应用文让我们通过这些传奇音乐来寻觅鲍勃·迪伦的人生故事1．WhichofthefollowingreflectsamorepoliticizedDylanA．“BalladinPlainD”．B．“ThingsHaveChanged”．C．“AllAlongtheWatchtower”．D．“TheTimesTheyAreA­Changin”．解析选D　细节理解题根据“TheTimesTheyAreA­Changin”1963部分中的“markedthebeginningoftheCivilRightsmovementofthe1960s.CriticMichaelGraycalledit‘thearchetypicalprotestsong.’”可知选D项2．WhichincludesasongthatshowsDylansrelationshipwithSuzeRotoloA．BobDylan.　　　　B．SlowTraining.C．JohnWesleyHarding.D．AnotherSideofBobDylan.解析选D　细节理解题根据“BalladinPlainD”1964部分中的“DylandetailshisfractiousrelationshipwithSuzeRotolointhislongtrackfromhisfourthalbumAnotherSideofBobDylan.”可知选D项3．WhendidDylanreleaseasongthatexpresseshisnewreligionA．In

1965.　　　　　　　B．In

1968.C．In

1979.D．In

2000.解析选C　细节理解题根据“GottaServeSomebody”1979部分中的“Thisyearningpleaformeaningexpressedhisnewreligion.”可知选C项4．WhatcanwelearnfromthetextA．“ThingsHaveChanged”describesanOscarwinningstar.B．“LikeaRollingStone”expressesDylansunhappiness.C．“SongtoWoody”wasreleasedonDylansthirdalbum.D．“AllAlongtheWatchtower”waswrittentorecordDylansaccident.解析选B　细节理解题根据“LikeaRollingStone”1965部分中的“heworkedouthisfrustrationsaboutthepublicsdemandingexpectationsofhimthroughthissong”可知选B项。