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阅读理解-细节理解三
1、 AstheEarthwarmsfromtheincreaseofcarbondioxideinitsatmospheretheoceansthatcover70percentofitssurfacearewarmingtoo.Thiswarmingwilllikelybenefitsomeseaspeciesattheexpenseofothers. AstudyintheMay20issueofthejournalNatureconfirmedthattherehasbeenawarmingtrendintheworld’soceanssince1993asthewatershaveabsorbedmuchoftheextraenergyintheplanet’satmosphere. Thewarmingthathasalreadyoccurredandisexpectedtocontinueintheingdecadeswilllikelyspellbadnewsformanyoceanspeciessuchascoralsandspeciesthatliveinthecoldwatersoftheplanet’spoles.Butsomecreaturesbeneaththeoceansurfacemightactuallyhaveanadvantageinthenewlywannedwaters. A2008studyforexamplesaidthatawarmingofjustafewdegreesFahrenheitinAntarcticwaterscouldmakethemsuitabletosharkswhichhaven’tlivedintheareaforabout40millionyears.It’seasierforsharkstokeeptheirhighmetabolisminwarmerwaters.IfsharksdomoveintotheareatheycouldcausedamagetotheexistingecosystemsoftheoceansaroundAntarctica. Astudyofstarfishfoundthesetypicaloceancreaturesgrewfasterinwateratwarmertemperaturesandhighercarbondioxidelevelsanotherresultofalltheextragreenhousegasintheatmospherethanatnormalconditions—whichisbadnewsfortheshellfishestheyliveon. WorkbyJeremyJacksonaprofessoratScrippsInstitutionofOceanographyattheUniversityofCaliforniaatSanDiegosuggeststhatoceanwarming—alongwithotherthreatssuchasoverfishingandhabitatdestruction—couldchangeonceplexoceanecosystemsintoonesthatfavorsimplerspeciessuchasmicrobestoxicalgalbloomsandjellyfishes.
1.HowisParagraph3developedA.Bygivingexamples.B.Byanalyzingcauses.C.Bymakingparisons.D.Bymakingclassifications.
2.WhatcanweknowaboutsharksfromthefourthparagraphA.TheyarenativetoAntarcticwaters.B.Theydoharmtothewholeecosystem.C.They’readaptabletowarmerwaterconditions.D.TheythreatensimplerspeciesinAntarcticwaters.
3.WhatwilloceanwarminglikelybringaboutA.Promotingthegrowthofstarfish.B.Anecosystemofsmallercreatures.C.Differentfoodsourcesforseacreatures.D.Damaginglivingplacesofdeep-seaspecies.
4.WhatisthepurposeofthepassageA.Toexplainwhyoceanwarmingbenefitsomespecies.B.Tointroducehowcreaturessurviveinwarmeroceans.C.Toclarifysomemisunderstandingsaboutoceanwarming.D.Toshowwhichcreatureswillbenefitfromwarmeroceans.
2、 StevenWeinbergeristhedirectoroflinguisticsintheEnglishDepartmentatGeorgeMasonUniversityinFairfaxVirginia.HesaysstudentsinhisbeginningphoneticsclassaremostlyinterestedinteachingEnglishasasecondlanguage.Theywantedtostudyhownon-nativespeakerspronouncedifferentsounds. Sowesentthestudentsouttorecordnon-nativespeakersandweparedthosespeakerstoeachotherandtonativespeakersofEnglish”saidStevenWeinberger. ProfessorWeinbergerwroteaparagraphforallofthespeakerstoread.TheparagraphusesmonwordsbutcontainsalmostallofthesoundsusedinEnglish.Hereisthatsixty-nine-wordparagraph: “PleasecallStella.Askhertobringthesethingswithherfromthestore:SixspoonsoffreshsnowpeasfivethickslabsofbluecheeseandmaybeasnackforherbrotherBob.Wealsoneedasmallplasticsnakeandabigtoyfrogforthekids.ShecanscoopthesethingsintothreeredbagsandwewillgomeetherWednesdayatthetrainstation.” In1999ProfessorWeinbergerputtherecordingsonline.TheSpeechAccentArchiveisforanyonewhowantstopareandanalyzetheaccentsofdifferentEnglishspeakers. Somepeoplethinkthearchivewouldbebetterifitincludednaturalspeech-peopletalkingfreelynotjustreadingthesamewords.ProfessorWeinbergerrecognizesthestrengthsandweaknessesofhissite. ProfessorWeinbergersaysthesitegetsamillionvisitsamonthandwouldlikemorepeopletosendintheirownsamplesofthesixty-nine-wordparagraph. StevenWeinbergersaid‘‘Rightnowweonlyhavesamplesfromabout350languagesincludingEnglish.Youknowthereare6000languagesintheworldtodaysoweneedlotsmore.That’swhythearchiveworkwillneverbefinished.
1.WhydidProfessorWeinbergerlethisstudentsrecordnon-nativespeakersA.Mostofhisstudentsareinterestedinphonetics.B.Thepronunciationfromnon-nativespeakerssoundsstrange.C.TheyweregatheringmaterialsfortheSpeechAccentArchive.D.Theywantedtoknowhownon-nativespeakerspronouncedifferentsounds.
2.TheSpeechAccentArchiveisintendedfor ______.A.allthestudentsinWeinberger’sbeginningphoneticsclassB.whoeverwantstostudytheaccentsofdifferentEnglishspeakersC.theteachersoflinguisticsintheEnglishDepartmentatGeorgeMasonUniversityD.raisingmoneybytherateofclickingthewebsite
3.ThereasonwhyProfessorWeinbergerchosethewordsinPara.4forallofthespeakerstoreadisthat _______.A.thewordsinthisparagraphareveryeasytoreadB.peoplearefamiliarwiththeactivitiesincludedinthisparagraphC.mostofthespeakersareinterestedintheinformationshowninthisparagraphD.thewordsaremonandalmostallofthesoundsusedinEnglisharecontained
4.InwhichpartofawebsitemaythepassageappearA.Entertainment.B.Advertisement.C.Life.D.Education.
3、GrandparentsAnsweraCall Asathird-generationnativeofBrownsvilleTexasMildredGarzaneverpleasedmoveaway.EvenwhenherdaughterandsonaskedhertomovetoSanAntoniotohelptheirchildrenshepolitelyrefused.OnlyafterayearoffriendlydiscussiondidMsGaffinallysayyes.Thatwasfouryearsago.Todayallthreegenerationsregardthemovetoasuccessgivingthemacloserrelationshipthantheywouldhavehadinseparatecities. NostatisticsshowthenumberofgrandparentslikeGarzawhoaremovingclosertothechildrenandgrandchildren.Yetthereisevidencesuggestingthatthetrendisgrowing.EvenPresidentObama’smother-in-lawMarianRobinsonhasagreedtoleaveChicagoandintotheWhiteHousetohelpcareforhergranddaughters.Accordingtoastudygrandparents.83percentofthepeoplesaidMrs.Robinson‘sdecisionwillinfluencethegrandparentsintheAmericanfamily.Two-thirdsbelievemorefamilieswillfollowtheexampleofObama’sfamily. “inthe1960swewereallalittlewildandcouldn’tgetawayfromhomefarenoughfastenoughtoprovewecoulddoitonourown”saysChristineCrosbypublisherofgratemagazineforgrandparents.“Wenowrealizehowimportantfamilyisandhowimportanttobenearthemespeciallywhenyou’rerainingchildren.” Movingisnotforeveryone.Almosteverygrandparentwantstobewithhisorhergrandchildrenandiswillingtomakesacrificesbutsometimesitiswisertosaynoandvisitfrequentlyinstead.Havingyourgrandchildrenfarawayishardespeciallyknowingyouradultchildisstrugglingbutgivingupthelifeyouknowmaybeharder.
1.WhywasGarza’smoveasuccessA.Itstrengthenedherfamilyties.B.Itimprovedherlivingconditions.C.Itenabledhermakemorefriends.D.Ithelpedherknowmorenewplaces.
2.WhatwasthereactionofthepublictoMrs.Robinson’sdecisionA.17%expressedtheirsupportforit.B.Fewpeoplerespondedsympathetically.C.83%believedithadabadinfluence.D.Themajoritythoughtitwasatrend.
3.WhatdidCrosbysayaboutpeopleinthe1960sA.Theywereunsureofraisemorechildren.B.Theywereeagertoraisemorechildren.C.Theywantedtoliveawayfromtheirparents.D.Theybadlittlerespectfortheirgrandparent.
4.WhatdoestheauthorsuggestthegrandparentsdointhelastparagraphA.MakedecisionsinthebestinterestsoftheirownB.AsktheirchildrentopaymorevisitstothemC.SacrificefortheirstrugglingchildrenD.Gettoknowthemselvesbetter
4、 Spendingmoneyontime-savingservicesreducesstressandboosts增进happinessaccordingtoanewresearchbutshockinglyfewofusdoit. WhillansaprofessoratHBSsaid“Buyingtimehelpstoprotectusfromthestressinourlivescausedbytimepressureandthefeelingthatwedon’thaveenoughminutesinthedaytopleteourtasks.’’ TheeffectwasclearestintheCanadianexperimentinwhich60workingadultsweregiven$40tospendintwodifferentways.Oneweekendtheyweretoldtospendthemoneyonamaterialpurchase—agiftforthemselves.Thenextweekendtheywereinstructedtospendthe$40onanythingthatsavedthemtimefrompayingtheneighbor’skidtorunerrands跑腿totakingaUberinsteadofabus. “Onthedaytheymadethetime-savingpurchasetheyfelthappierinabettermoodandlowerfeelingsoftimestressthanonthedaytheyboughtamaterialpurchase”saidWhillans. Thebiggestsurprisetotheresearcherswashowfewpeoplewouldspendmoneyontime-savingservices.Whentheyasked98workingadultshowtheywouldspenda“windfall”of$40onlytwopercentnamedapurchasethatwouldsavethemtime. “Onereason’’saidWhillans“isthatwe’reverybadatrememberinghowmuchwehatedoingcertaintasksoncethesufferinghaspassed.Thatmakesuslesslikelytotakeactivestepstoavoidthatoverburdenedfeelinginthefuture.”Butanotherpossiblecauseisgoodold-fashionedguilt.“Ifyoufeelguiltyaboutgettingsomeonetocleanyourhouseforyouthenyoumightgetlesshappinessfromoutsourcingthattask”saidWhillansoryoumightjustbelesslikelytospendyourmoneyinthatway.’’
1.IntheCanadianexperimenttheparticipants__________.A.weredividedintotwogroupsB.weregiven$40everytwoweeksC.wereaskedtogivemoneytoaneighbor’skidD.wereaskedtospendthemoneyindifferentways
2.Accordingtotheauthorwhatcanmakepeoplelesstime-stressedA.Payingmuchforaconcertticket.B.Takingaregularbustogettowork.C.Employingsomeonetocleanthegarden.D.Buyingthemselvesanexpensivepresent.
3.Whenitestospendingmoneyon‘‘buyingtime”_________.A.nopeoplewouldliketodoitB.asmallpercentageofpeoplechoosetodoitC.morepeoplewilldoitifextramoneyisgivenD.mostpeopleliketheideabutdon’tpracticeitinlife
4.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“thatoverburdenedfeeling”inParagraph6refertoA.Thegoodold-fashionedguilt.B.Thefeelingofspendingmoneyongoods.C.Thestressofhavingsomeonecleanyourhouse.D.Thedisfortwhenpletingtaskswehatedoing.
5、 NowadaysparentsworryalotbecausetheirchildrenspendhoursandhoursinfrontoftheTVscreen.Becausethisdoesn’thappentoonlyonespecificfamilymanyexpertswarnusthattherecanbesomeseriouseffectsofchildrenwatchingviolence暴力ontelevision. Childrenwhobeeaddicted上瘾的toTVsitdownandturnontheTVassoonastheygethome.AlthoughtheyhavelotsofhomeworktheybeeabsorbedinTVprograms. SincetheyspendtonsoftimewatchingTVtheyhavelesstimetoenjoyreallifeactivitiessuchasplayingwithfriendsplayingoutdoorsportsorenjoyingotherkindsofentertainment. TherearetoomanyviolentscenesonTV.Someexpertssaythereare25actsofviolenceperhouronTV.InadditiontherearemanyexperimentsbypsychologistswhichshowhowTVviolenceinfluenceschildren.FinallypeopleworrythatchildrentendtoimitatewhattheywatchonTVandmaystarttobehavemoreviolently. WhatshouldbedoneFirstofallthegovernmentshouldregulateTVviolence.Itshouldalsoencouragepeopletoinventanddevelopnewtechnologywhichcanblockviolentscenesfromtheprogramschildrenwatch.Forexamplewitharatingsystem分级制度andtheV-chipunfitscenesofviolenceandsexcanbeblockedout.Secondparentsshouldmonitorwhattheirchildrenwatch.Atthesametimetheyshouldmaketheirchildreninterestedinreallifeactivities.Thenwhenthechildrenstarttospendmoretimeplayingwithfriendsorreadingbooksparentscanstoptheirmonitoring. ItisafactthatthereismoreviolenceonTVtodaythantherewastenyearsago.Moreoverviolentincidentsoccurmorefrequentlyinreallife.It’stimetorealizehowharmfulwatchingTVviolenceisandit’stimetokeepourchildrenfromwatchingviolence.
1.Whatexpertsreallyworryisthat_____.A.childrenspendtoomuchtimewatchingTVB.TVviolencehasabadinfluenceonchildrenC.childrenbeeaddictedtoTVprogramsD.childrenhavelesstimetodotheirhomework
2.TheauthorexplainhowthegovernmentshouldcontrolTVviolenceby_______.A.givinganexampleB.givingadefinitionC.makingaparisonD.presentingresearchfindings
3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“imitate”inParagraph4mostprobablymeanA.Explain.B.Copy.C.Ignore.D.Avoid.
4.Whatistheauthor’spurposeforwritingthistextA.ToexpresshisownworriesaboutTVviolence.B.Toaskparentstotakegoodcareoftheirchildren.C.ToinformreadersofthelatestsituationaboutTVviolence.D.Tocallonthewholesocietytosavechildrenfromviolence.
6、 HowmuchweightababygainsduringitsfirstmonthcoulddetermineitsIQasanewresearchsuggests.ThestudyfoundthatchildrenwhogainmoreweightandwhoseheadsgrowquicklyduringthefirstmonthoflifetendtohaveahigherIQwhentheystartschool. ResearchersattheUniversityofAdelaideinAustraliastudied13800childrenwhowerebornatfull-term.Theyfoundthatthosewhoputon40%oftheirbirthweightinthefirstfourweekshadanIQ
1.5pointshigherthanthosewhoonlyputon15%oftheirbirthweight.Thosewhoexperiencedthebiggestgrowthinheadcircumference头围alsohadthehighestIQsbytheageofsix. “Headcircumferenceisanindicatorofbrainvolumesoagreaterincreaseinheadcircumferenceinanewly-bornbabysuggestsmorerapidbraingrowth”saystheledauthorofthestudyDr.LisaSmithers. Sheadded“Overallnewly-bornchildrenwhogrewfasterinthefirstfourweekshadhigherIQscoreslaterinlife.Thosechildrenwhogainedthemostweightscoredespeciallyhighonverbal言语IQatage
6.Thismaybebecausetheneural神经的structuresforverbalIQdevelopearlierinlifewhichmeanstherapidweightgainduringthefirstmonthcouldbehavingadirectcognitivebenefitforthechildren.” Previousstudieshaveshowntheassociationbetweenearlypostnatal产后的dietandIQbutthisisthefirststudyofitskindtofocusontheIQbenefitsofrapidweightgaininthefirstmonthoflife.Dr.Smitherssaysthestudyfurtherhighlightstheneedforsuccessfulfeedingofnewly-bornbabies.“Weknowthatmanymothershavedifficultyestablishingbreastfeedinginthefirstweekoftheirbabies’life”Dr.Smitherssaid. “Thefindingsofourstudysuggestthatifbabiesarehavingfeedingproblemsthereneedstobeearlyintervention干预inthemanagementofthatfeeding.”
1.Thestudymainlyshowsthat________A.headcircumferenceiscertainlyconnectedtoIQ.B.babies’headsgrowquicklyduringthefirstmonth.C.full-termbabiestendtobeclevererthanprematurebabies.早产儿D.themoreweightnewly-bornbabiesgainthehigherIQtheyarelikelytohave.
2.HowdidtheresearchersgettheirconclusionfromthestudyA.Byaskingquestions.B.Bymakingparison.C.Byhavingadiscussion.D.Byreferringtodocuments.
3.AccordingtoDr.LisaSmitherswecanlearnthat________A.akid’sverbalIQscoresreachitshighestatagesix.B.thisstudyhelpsparentsfindfeedingproblems.C.quickweightgainbenefitsnewlybornbabiesonverbalIQ.D.thisstudyremindsparentsoftheneedforbreastfeeding.
4.Thestudydiffersfrompreviousonesthat_________A.itassociatesearlypostnataldietwithIQ.B.itpaysattentiontotheIQofnewly-bornbabies.C.itemphasizesthesignificanceofsuccessfulfeeding.D.itfirstfocusesontherelationbetweenIQandweightgaininthefirstmonthoflife.答案以及解析1答案及解析答案
1.C;
2.C;
3.A;
4.D解析
1.推理判断题根据第三段的内容尤其是“But”的转折可知本段主要是通过对比海洋变暖对哪些生物有利对哪些生物有害来行文的故选C
2.细节理解题根据第四段中的makethemsuitabletosharks以及It’seasierforsharkstokeeptheirhighmetabolisminwarmerwaters可知鲨鱼能够适应温度更高的环境中的生活.故选C.
3.细节理解题.根据第五段可知海星在水温比较高的水域会生长得更快即海洋变暖会促进海星的生长故选A.误解分析:不能误选B项根据最后一段可知诸多因素会将复杂的生态系统变为适应简单生物的一些生态系统这些因素中不只是气候变暖.
4.写作意图题.纵观全文可知作者写作本文主要是为了告诉我们哪些生物能在海洋变暖中继续发展即从中获益故选D2答案及解析答案
1.D;
2.B;
3.D;
4.D解析
1.细节理解题根据第一段的“Theywantedtostudyhownonnativespeakerspronouncedifferentsounds.”以及第二段的So...可知之所以Weinberger教授让他的学生们给非母语人士录音是因为这些学生想要研究非母语人士如何发音故D项符合题意
2.细节理解题根据第五段可知这份语言口音档案提供给任何想对不同英语朗读者的口音做比较和分析的人士使用故B项符合题意
3.细节理解题根据第三段的“TheparagraphusesmonwordsbutcontainsalmostallofthesoundsusedinEnglish.”可知D项是正确的
4.推理判断题因为本文是一所大学的英语系教授因学生们想要研究非母语人士如何发音所以在网上建立了一个口音各异的英语录音档案因此可推知该篇文章是关于教育的故D项符合题意3答案及解析答案
1.A;
2.D;
3.C;
4.A解析
1.本文是一篇议论文主要讲述目前社会上很多老年人愿意搬到离子女近的地方居住的一种趋势同时作者也建议老人们要做出适合自己的选择不要仅仅为孩子考虑而牺牲了自己习惯了的生活方式细节理解题根据第一段最后一句Todayallthreegenerationsregardthemoveasasuccessgivingthemacloserrelationshipthantheywouldhavehadinseparatecities.”可知Garza搬到离子女家近的地方居住使他们的家庭关系更加紧密故选A项
2.细节理解题根据第二段最后一句“Two-thirdsbelievemorefamilieswillfollowtheexampleofObamasfamily.”可知越来越多的人会仿照Obama—家的做法:老人搬到离子女近的地方居住因此公众认为这将会是一种趋势D项符合文意
3.细节理解题根据第三段首句“Inthe1960swewereallalittlewildandcouldntgetawayfromhomefarenoughorfastenoughtoprovewecoulddoitonourown…”可知在20世纪60年代人们希望自己离开家以此来证明自己的独立故选C项
4.推理判断题根据最后一段首句“Movingisnotforeveryone.”可知搬家并不适合每一个人因此作者建议人们在做出搬家的决定之前要反复权衡做出对自己有利的选择故选A项考点:社会生活类短文阅读【技巧点拨】推理判断题属于主观题是层次较高的题目此类题要求通过文章中的文字信息上下文逻辑关系及事物的发展变化等已知的信息推断出作者暗含的意思解题关键要注意表明作者观点、立场的动词、名词、形容词和副词等最后一题题中则根据itiswisertosayno推断出作者的立场4答案及解析答案
1.D;
2.C;
3.B;
4.D解析
1.细节理解题:根据TheeffectwasclearestintheCanadianexperimentinwhich60workingadultsweregiven$40tospendintwodifferentways.可知在加拿大的这个实验中参加实验的人被要求用不同的方式花钱.故选D.
2.细节理解题.根据Onthedaytheymadethetime-savingpurchasetheyfelthappierinabettermoodandlowerfeelingsoftimestressthanonthedaytheyboughtamaterialpurchase可知花钱雇用别人打扫花园的人时间压力更少些故选C
3.细节理解题根据Thebiggestsurprise totheresearcherswashowfewpeoplewouldspendmoneyontime-savingservices.可知选B
4.词义猜测题根据“Onereason”saidWhillans“isthatwe’reverybadatrememberinghowmuchwehatedoingcertaintasksoncethesufferinghaspassed.Thatmakesuslesslikelytotakeactivestepstoavoidthatoverburdenedfeelinginthefuture.”可知选D.5答案及解析答案
1.B;
2.A;
3.B;
4.D解析
1.细节推断题由第一段最后一句话“manyexpertswarnusthattherecanbesomeseriouseffectsofchildrenwatchingviolenceontelevision.”我们可知专家们担心的是电视暴力会对儿童有不好的影响;故选B
2.细节考查题由第5段“Forexamplewitharatingsystem分级制度andtheV-chipunfitscenesofviolence”我们可以发现作者在介绍政府应如何管理电视暴力时采用的是举例子;故选A
3.细节推断题由第四段最后一句话“FinallypeopleworrythatchildrentendtoimitatewhattheywatchonTVandmaystarttobehavemoreviolently.”我们可知儿童看电视可能会开始变得更加暴力因此我们可以推断儿童看到电视暴力往往会模仿、“复制”电视上的暴力行为;故选B
4.整体理解题由第五段我们可知作者给政府和父母制止电视暴力作出了建议以及在最后一段作者呼吁大家、呼吁整个社会一起保护儿童远离暴力;故选D6答案及解析答案
1.D;
2.B;
3.C;
4.D解析
1.细节理解题根据第一段中的ThestudyfoundthatchildrenwhogainmoreweightandwhoseheadsgrowquicklyduringthefirstmonthoflifetendtohaveahigherIQwhentheystartschool.可知选D
2.细节理解题根据第二段中的Theyfoundthatthosewhoputon40%oftheirbirthweightinthefirstfourweekshadanIQ
1.5pointshigherthanthosewhoonlyputon15%oftheirbirthweight.可知研究人员通过对比研究结果得出结论故选B
3.细节理解题根据第四段中的Sheadded“Overallnewly-bornchildrenwhogrewfasterinthefirstfourweekshadhigherIQscoreslaterinlife.ThosechildrenwhogainedthemostweightscoredespeciallyhighontheverbalIQatage
6.可知LisaSmithers博士认为新生儿在前四周体重增加越多对孩子语言发展越有利故选C
4.细节理解题根据倒数第二段中的Previousstudieshaveshowntheassociationbetweenearlypostnatal产后的dietandtheIQbutthisisthefirststudyofitskindtofocusontheIQbenefitsofrapidweightgaininthefirstmonthoflife.可知这次试验首次重点关注新生儿第一个月内体重增加对孩子智商的益处故选D。