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状语从句句型练习——状语从句状语从句adverbialclause在句中作状语,可修饰主句中的动词、形容词和副词等状语从句由从属连词引导状语从句可放在句首或句末放在句首时,从句后面常用逗号;放在句末时,从句前面往往不用逗号状语从句根据它们的含义分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、方式、让步、条件、比较等九种状语从句连词时间whenwheneverassincetilluntilbeforeafterassoonasoncethemomentimmediatelythedaynosooner…thanhardlyscarcely…whentheminutethesecondeveryeachtime地点Wherewherevereverywhere条件ifunlessproviding/providedthatassolongasonconditionthatsuppose/supposingthatincaseonlyififonly原因becausesinceasnowthatseeingthatconsideringthatinthatinviewofthefactthat鉴于让步thoughalthoughevenifthoughaswhilewhateverwhereverwhoeverhowevernomatter+wh词,forallthatgranting/grantedwhether…orinspiteofthefactthatdespitethefactthat比较as…asnotthesameasnotso…asthan方式asasifthoughtheway目的thatsothatinorderthatincaseforfearthatlest结果sothatso…thatsuch…thatbutthat
一、时间状语从句
1、whilewhenwhenever和as的用法比较
(1)while常表示一段较长的时间或一个过程,强调主句的动词和从句的动词所表示的动作或状态是同时发生的它不能表示一时性或短暂的动作Donttalksoloudwhileasothersareworking.别人工作时,请勿大声说话
(2)when引导的时间状语从句,可指时间的一点,也可以指一段时间,从句的谓语动词可用终止性动词,也可用持续性动词when引导的从句表示的具体的时间,从句的动作和主句的动作可以同时,也可以先于主句的动作Whenever指任何一个不具体的时间Itwasrainingwhenwearrived.我们到达时,天正下着雨(动作同时,指时间点)Whenyoureadthepoemasecondtimethemeaningwillbeeclearertoyou.当你再读一遍这首诗,你就更清晰它的含意(动作有先后,指时间点,不能用while)ewheneveryoulike.你爱什么时候来就什么时候来
(3)as用as时主句和从句的动作往往同时发生,具有延伸意义,一般同延续性动词连用,有时可译作“一边…一边…”Astimewentonhistheoryprovedtobecorrect.随着时间的推移,他的理论被证明是正确的As(when)hefinishedthespeechtheaudienceburstintoapplause.他讲话结束的时候,听众掌声雷动(指一点时间不能用while)
2、名词词组引导时间状语从句有时名词everytime每次,thenexttime下一次,thenextday第二天,themoment一……就……,theinstantthesecondtheyear等,也可起从属连词的作用,引导时间状语从句Everytimeyougetbackatnightyoudropyourshoesonthefloor.你每一次晚上回来,都把鞋子丢在地板上
3、副词作连词用引导时间状语从句有些副词如instantlyimmediately,instantly,directlypresently等也可起从属连词的作用,引导时间状语从句,表示一……就……的意思IrecognizedherinstantlyIsawher.我一看见她就把她认出来了
4、since和before的用法比较两者均可用于It+be...+since/before-从句的句型区别在于since表示“自从……以来”,所在主、从句的谓语动词的时态关系是:Itis/hasbeensometimesincesb.didsth.而before的含义是“过了多久才……”,主、从句的时态关系是:Itwas/hadbeensometimebeforesb.didsth.表过去和将来时,两者相应的句型分别是:Itwassometimesincesb.haddonesth.和Itwillbesometimebeforesb.doessth.Itis30yearssincehejoinedtherevolution.他参加革命己三十年了Itwasthreedaysbeforehecameback.他三天后才回来Itwasnotlongbeforehecameback.不久他就会来了
二、地点状语从句地点状语从句一般由where在……地方;那里,wherever无论哪里和everywhere在……每一个地方引导Afterthewaranewschoolbuildingwasputupwheretherehadoncebeenatheatre.战后,一所新学校在以前的剧院处建成Youshouldmakeitaruletoleavethingswhereyoucanfindthemagain.你应当养成惯例,将东西放在你能找到的地方Shefoundhercalculatorwhereshelostit.他在她丢的地方找到了计算器Everywheretheywentthedistinguishedguestswerewarmlyweled.贵宾每到一处都受到了热烈的欢迎注意where除了表示地点外,还可以表示条件、对比和让步Wherethereisawillthereisaway.有志者事竟成(条件)Wewanttostayathomewherechildrenwouldratherspendtheholidayinthecountry.我们想留在家里,而孩子们却愿到乡间度假(对比)WhereverIwentthedogfollowedme.无论我走到哪里,这只狗总跟着我(让步)
三、原因状语从句原因状语从句一般由because因为,since既然,as由于,nowthat既然,因为等连词引导
1、becausesinceasfor和nowthat引导原因状语从句
(1)because表示直接的原因或理由,表示原因的语气最强,常表示必然的因果关系回答以why引起的特殊疑问句,只能用becauseJaneworearaincoatbecauseitwasraining.因为天下雨,所以詹穿着雨衣
(2)since表示对方已经知晓、无须加以说明的原因或事实,语气比because稍弱Illdoitforyousinceyouarebusy.既然你忙,我来替你做吧SinceyouinsistIllgo.既然你坚持,那我就去
(3)as表示的往往是十分明显的原因,听者或读者已经知道或能看得出来,语气较弱,只附带说明,比较口语化Wehadbetterhurryasitsgettingdark.因为天快要黑了,我们最好快点AsyouobjectIllchangetheplan.由于你反对,我将改变计划
(4)forfor是并列连词,它引导的分句不表示直接的原因,而是用来附带解释或说明前面一句的情况for引导的分句常位于第一分句之后,它们之间用逗号隔开Itmusthaverainedlastnightforthegroundiswetthismorning.昨晚准是下雨了,今天早上地面还是湿的Thedaybreaksforthebirdsaresinging.小鸟在歌唱,一定是天亮了
(5)nowthat意为既然,与since同义,但更突出事实本身Nowthateveryoneishereletsbeginourmeeting.既然大家都来了,我们就开始开会吧NowthatIamwellagainIcangoonwithmywork.我既然恢复了健康,那就可以继续工作了
2、seeingthatconsideringthat和inthat引导原因状语从句这几个连词同sinceas近义,都有“鉴于某个事实,原因”是之意ConsideringthathesonlybeenlearningEnglishayearhespeaksitverywell.鉴于他只学了一年,他英语讲得就是很好Seeingthathewasilltheysentforthedoctor.鉴于他病情严重,他们派人请医生Inthatsheisillshefeelsunabletodoit.因为病了,她觉得不能做那件事
3、notthat…butthat…引导原因状语从句这是一种加强语气的表示原因的结构,意为“不是因为,而是因为”NotthatIdontlikethefilmbutthatIhavenotimeforit.不是因为我不喜欢这部电影,而是因为我没时间看Thesoldiersessentialhonorwasnotthathekilledhisenemybutthathewaswillingtodie.军人的真正光荣不是杀敌,而是不惜牺牲
四、目的状语从句
1、that,sothat,inorderthat引导目的状语从句目的状语从句由that,sothat,inorderthat等引导从句中的谓语动词前常有情态动词may、might、can、could、willwould等Johnshuteverybodyoutofthekitchensothathecouldpreparehisgrandsurprisefortheparty.约翰把其他人关在厨房外,目的是能够为晚会烹饪出人意料的东西Thesemenrisktheirlivesinorderthatwemaylivemoresafely.这些人甘冒生命危险,是为了让我们活得更安全些
2、lestforfearthat和incase引导目的状语从句这三个连词词组的意思是“以防,以免”lest的从句一般要用虚拟语气,形式是“should+动词原形”或省掉shouldforfearthat和incase从句一般用虚拟语气,但有时也可以用陈述语气Iobeyedherlestsheshouldbeangry.我得顺着她,免得她生气Takeahatwithyouincasethesunisveryhot.倘若太阳很利害,你就把帽子戴上
五、结果状语从句
1、sothat,so…thatsuch…that引导结果状语从句SodifficultdidIfeelittoliveinanEnglish-speakingcountrythatIdeterminedtolearnEnglishwell.我感到在讲英语的国家里生活太难了,因此我决定学好英语Heworkedhardsothathepassedtheexam.他学习很努力,结果通过了考试Hespokeforsuchalongtimethatpeoplebegantofallasleep.他讲了那么长时间,人们开始打起瞌睡了
2、so…that与such…that的区别这两种结构都可引导结果状语从句so是副词,后接形容词或副词;such是形容词,后接名词
(1)单数名词在so...that与such...that中间出现的是单数名词,且该名词前有形容词修饰时,这两种结构可互换,但要注意它们的词序不同:such+a/an+形容词十名词=so+形容词+a/an+名词Sheissuchagoodteacherthatallofusloveher.=Sheissogoodateacherthatallofusloveher.她是一位很好的老师,我们都敬爱她
(2)不可数名词或复数可数名词如果被修饰的是不可数名词或复数可数名词时,一般须用such...thatHemadesuchrapidprogressthatbeforelonghebegantowritearticlesinEnglish.他进步很快,不久就开始用英语写文章不可数名词Theyaresuchinterestingbooksthatweallwanttoreadthem.这些书是那么有趣以致我们都想读一读复数可数名词
(3)名词前有many,much,little,few修饰时如果不可数名词或复数可数名词前有many,much,little,few修饰时,则用so…thatIvehadsomanyfallsthatImblackandblueallover.我摔了好多次跤,周身青一块紫一块的复数可数名词Georgehadsolittlemoneythathehadtogetajob.乔治没有钱,所以他不得不找工作干不可数名词Theyaresuchlittlechildrenthattheycantdoanything.他们是小孩什么事情都干不了教你巧学巧记:名前such,形、副so,多多少少也用solittle属特殊,“小”用such,“少”用so
3、如何判断sothat引导的目的状语从句与结果状语从句
(1)当表达的含义是“为了”、“以便”时,为目的状语从句;当表达的是“以至于”、“因此”含义时,为结果状语从句Ifyoudoknowanswerinaloudenoughvoicesothatalltheclassmayhear.目的状语从句如果你的确知道,应大声回答,以便让全班学生都可以听见Itrainedhardthedaybeforeyesterdaysothatshehadtostayathome.结果状语从句前天雨下得很大,因此她只好呆在家里
(2)当从句的谓语动词有情态动词cancouldmaymight等时,是目的状语从句;当从句里没有情态动词,且谓语动词是一般现在时(过去时)、现在完成时等时态时,是结果状语从句WestoppedatSaltLakeCitysothatwecouldmightvisitthemonumenttoseagulls.目的状语从句我们在盐湖城逗留,以便可以参观为海鸥修的纪念碑Theyhavewalkedalongwaysothatwearealltired.结果状语从句他们走了很长的路,所以都很累
(3)当从句之前的sothat可用inorderthat代替时,是目的状语从句;反之,是结果状语从句Wenowstudyhardsothatwemayworkwellinthefuture.=Wenowstudyhardinorderthatwemayworkwellinthefuture.目的状语从句我们现在努力学习是为了将来更好地工作4当sothat之前有逗号时,是结果状语从句;反之,是目的状语从句ThestoryisveryinterestingsothatIlikeitverymuch.结果状语从句这部小说很有趣,因而我非常喜欢
六、比较状语从句比较状语从句一般由as…as和一样,notas/so…as与……不一样,than比themore…themore…越……越……引导ThedirectorgavemeabetterofferthanhegaveDick.导师给我的提议比给狄克的好Inrecentyearstravelpanieshavesucceededinsellingustheideathatthefurtherwegothebetterourholidaywillbe.近几年旅游公司已成功地对我们公众宣传了去得越远,假日越好的观点JohnplaysfootballaswellasifnotbetterthanDavid.如果说约翰的足球踢的不比大卫好,至少和他踢的一样好Icantrunas/sofastashecan.我不能跑得他那样快
七、让步状语从句让步状语从句由though,although,as,evenifthough,however,whatever,whoever,whenever,nomatter+wh词,等引导
1、evenifeventhoughalthough,though引导的让步状语从句这四个词(词组)都有“虽然、即使、尽管”的意思evenif和eventhough带有较强的意味,语气比although和though强though比although通俗,但不如although正式都不能和but连用,但可以和yetstill或nevertheless连用可以放在主句前面也可以放在主句后面evenif,eventhough所接的句子常用虚拟语气Wewontgiveupevenifweshouldfailtentimes.即使是我们失败十次,我们也不会放弃Hemighthavegivenyoumorehelp,eventhoughhewasverybusy.尽管他很忙,他可能给了你更多的帮助
2、as或though引导让步状语从句形容词+as/though+主与+谓语副词动词分词名词
(1)由as或though引导让步状语从句用倒装语序Proudasthesenoblesareheisafraidtoseeme.这些贵族尽管很傲慢,他们却害怕见我
(2)如果表语为单数可数名词,这个名词不带冠词12-year-oldgirlassheisshehashadagoodmandofEnglish.她虽然只是个12岁的女孩,但是她已经熟知英语Childasheis,heknowsalot.虽然他还是个孩子,却懂的很多3如果句中谓语包含情态动词或助动词,则将实意动词放在as之前TryasImight,Icouldntliftthestone.我使多大劲儿也搬不动这块石头Praisedashewasheremainedmodest.他虽然受到表扬,但仍然保持着谦虚
(4)如果句中谓语仅有实意动词,则将实意动词原形放在as之前,并在主语后面加助动词dodoesdid或willTortureherastheydidtheenemygotnothingoutofher.虽然敌人拷打她,却没有能从她嘴里得到什么Failashedidhewouldnevergiveup.尽管他失败了,但他决不会放弃注:但是,如果在这种情况下,句中谓语有副词修饰,则将副词放在as之前Againandagainashefailedhedidntloseheart.他虽然多次失败,但仍不灰心丧气MuchasIadmirehiscourageIdontthinkheactedwisely.我虽然佩服他的勇气,但是我认为他这样做是不明智的
3、由nomatter+wh词和由疑问词+ever引导让步状语从句由nomatter引导,表示“不管;无论”;由疑问词+ever引导,表示“不管,不论”这类词有whatever,whichever,whoever,however,whenever,wherever等他们相当于nomatter+what(which,who,how,when,where),都不能与but,so,and等并列连词同时使用Wellhavetofinishthejobhowevernomatterhowlongittakes.不管需要多长时间,我们都一定完成这项工作NomatterwhatWhateveryoudodonttellhimthatItoldyouthis.无论你做什么,别告诉他我对你说过这件事
4、由whether...or引导让步状语从句由whether...or引导让步状语从句表示“不论……还是”,提供两种对比的情况Ishallgowhetheryouewithmeorstayathome.不论你来还是留在家中,我都要去Whetherwelikeaparticularpieceofnewsornotallwehavetodoissitinfrontofthetubeand“letithappen”.不管我们喜欢不喜欢一条消息我们所能做的只是坐在电视机前,“让它过去”
八、条件状语从句条件状语从句可以位于主句前面或后面由if,unless引导if表示正面的条件,意为“如果”;unless表示反面的条件,意为“除非,如果不”(ifnot)Youwillbelateunlessyouleaveimmediately.除非你立即走,否则,你会迟到Ifyoudonthurryupyoullbelate.如果你不快点,你就会晚了Wellgothereunlessitrains.如果不下雨,我们就去那儿
2、由suppose,supposing,as/solongas,providingprovidedonconditionthat和incase等引导这类连词(词组)意思相近,有“如果、假设、即使、在……条件下”等意义SupposeSupposingheisillwhatshallwedo如果他病了,我们该怎么办?Youlldoallrightaslongasyoufollowhisadvice.只要你听从他的劝告,你就会干得很好的IncaseJohnespleasetellhimtowait.假如约翰来了,请让他稍候Youmaykeepthebookafurtherweekprovidedthatnooneelserequiresit.倘若这本书没有其他人想借的话,你可以再续借一个礼拜
九、方式状语从句方式状语从句一般由as正如;按照,asif/asthough好像theway等引导
1、as和justas引导方式状语从句这两个连词的意思是“如…,犹如…,正如…”(inthesamemannerthat)justas比as的强调性更强YoumustdoeverythingasIdo.你们要照我这样去做Justasthewateristhemostimportantofliquidsairisthemostimportantgases.正如水是液体中最重要的一种一样,空气是气体中最重要的一种
2、asif和asthough引导方式状语从句asif和asthough意为“好像、仿佛”可以用虚拟语气表示不符合事实或与事实相反的情况;也可以用陈述语气表示符合事实的情况Hewalkedslowlyasifhehadhurthisleg.他慢慢地走,她像腿受伤的样子Hespokeasifheknewthequestionverywell.他说得好像对这个问题知道得很清楚
3、theway引导方式状语从句theway它的作用相当于themanner,后面的引导词常用that引导方式状语,而且经常省略此时,一般不用inwhich引导Idon’tlikethewayyouspeaktoher.我不喜欢你和她说话的方式Wedidntlikethewaythathetreatedus.我不喜欢他对待我们的方式句型练习——状语从句
1、我还没来得及记下车牌号码,汽车就开走了(before)
2、他边沿着街往前走,边高声唱着歌(as)
3、我一看见这个女孩就认出她了(themoment)
4、我一发哦飞机场,飞机就起飞了(hardly…when)
5、一旦你理解了这点,理解别的内容就没有困难(once)
6、你可以赢得他们的尊敬,条件是你要真诚对待他们(onconditionthat)
7、你应该带点钱在身上以防不时之需(incase)
8、雨下的很大,结果运动会被推迟了(so…that…)
9、尽管互联网对我们有益,但它也能给我们带来危害(while)
10、尽管她很富有,但从来不帮助处于困境中的人(as)Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.2015·高考浙江卷变式Just____________asinglewordcanchangethemeaningofasentence,asinglesentencecanchangethemeaningofaparagraph.2.2015·高考重庆卷变式Ifyoumissthischance,itmaybeyears____________yougetanotherone.3.2015·高考北京卷变式____________thedamageisdone,itwilltakemanyyearsforthefarmlandtorecover.4.2015·高考江苏卷变式Itissocoldthatyoucan’tgooutside____________fullycoveredinthickclothes.5.2015·高考湖南卷变式That’swhyIhelpbrightenpeople’sdays.Ifyou____________,who’stosaythatanotherpersonwill6.____________youtry,itisdifficulttoloseweightwithoutcuttingdowntheamountyoueat.7.Somehouseplantsgrowbetterifplacednearawindowwithplentyofsunlight____________othersprefertobeinashadyspot.8.Hardlyhadwereachedthereception____________wewerepresentedwithadrink.9.Much____________Iunderstandyourdifficulties,Ican’tsparesometimetohelpyou.10.Theschoolwhichwepaidavisittolastweekwasbuilt____________therehadoncebeenachurch.Ⅱ.单句改错1.2015·高考四川卷变式Thereisonlyonemoredaytogountilyourfavoritemusicgroupplaylive._______________________________________________2.2015·高考北京卷变式Youwontfindpapercuttingdifficultaswellasyoukeeppracticingit._______________________________________________3.Heisyounghoweververyexperienced._______________________________________________4.Ididn’tmanagetodoitunlessyouhadexplainedhow._______________________________________________5.DuringhewasinParis,helivedwithhisfriends._______________________________________________6.Allthephotographsinthisbook,unlessstating,otherwise,datefromthe1990s._______________________________________________7.Whilewalkedthedog,Ifoundawalletontheground._______________________________________________8.Schoolwasclosedearlyinordertothechildrenmightgohomeaheadofthestorm._______________________________________________Ⅲ.短文填空在下面短文中的空白处填上所给单词的适当形式,使短文意思通顺AGandhiwashonoredasthefatheroftheIndiannation.HehasbeenrespectedandbelovedbytheIndianswiththebelief
1.____________heisanIndiannationalhero.HewasborninIndiain
1869.
2.____________isrecorded,hegotmarriedattheageof13,followingthelocalcustom.In1888hesailedtoEngland,
3.____________hestudiedlawforthreeyearsandbecamealawyer.
4.____________hisreturntoIndia,hewassenttoSouthAfricatoworkonalawcase.InSouthAfricahewassurprisedtofind
5.____________theproblemofracialdiscriminationwasserious.Thereheformedanorganizationandthiswas
6.____________hestartedtofightforequalrights.GandhireturnedtoIndiain1915,
7.____________IndiawascontrolledbytheBritish.HeledtheIndianstofightforanendtotheBritishruleandindependenceforhiscountry.
8.____________inthepoliticalmovementmanyIndiansincludingGandhiwereputinprisonanditwasstillnotsure
9.____________theycouldgainindependence,thestrugglesneverstopped.TheBritishgovernmenthadtogiveinandIndiawonitsindependencein
1947.UnfortunatelyGandhiwasshotbyanIndian
10.____________opposedhisviewsanddiedonJanuary30th
1948.。