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阅读理解-推理判断四
1、 TheU.S.DepartmentofLaborstatistics统计showthatthereisanoversupplyofcollege-trainedworkersandthatthisoversupplyisincreasing.Alreadytherehavebeenmorethanenoughteachersengineersphysicistsaerospaceexpertsandotherspecialists.Yetcollegesandgraduateschoolscontinueeveryyeartoturnouthighlytrainedpeopletopeteforjobsthatarentthere.Theresultisthatgraduatescannotentertheprofessionsforwhichtheyweretrainedandmusttaketemporaryjobswhichdonotrequireacollegedegree. Ontheotherhandthereisagreatneedforskilledworkersofallsorts:carpenterselectriciansmechanicsplumbersTVrepairmen.Thesepeoplehavemoreworkthantheycandealwithandtheirannualinesareoftenhigherthanthoseofcollegegraduates.Theoldgapthatwhite-collarworkersmakeabetterlivingthanblue-collarworkersnolongerholdstrue.Thelawofsupplyanddemandnowfavorstheskilledworkmen. Thereasonforthissituationisthetraditionalmyththatcollegedegreeisapassporttoaprosperousfuture.AlargepartofAmericansocietymatchessuccessinlifeequallywithacollegedegree.Parentsbeginindoctrinating灌输theirchildrenwiththismythbeforetheyareoutofgradeschool.Highschoolteachersplaytheirpartbyactingasifhighschooleducationwereapreparationforcollegeratherthanforlife.Underthispressurethekidsfallinline.Whethertheywanttogotocollegeornotdoesntmatter.Everybodyshouldgotocollegesoofcoursetheymustgo.Andeveryyearcollegeenrollments入学goupandupandmoreandmoregraduatesareovereducatedforthekindsofjobsavailabletothem. Oneresultofthisemphasisonacollegeeducationisthatmanypeoplegotocollegewhodonotbelongthere.Ofthesixtypercentofhighschoolgraduateswhoentercollegehalfofthemdonotgraduatewiththeirclass.Manyofthemdropoutwithinthefirstyear.Somestruggleonfortwoorthreeyearsandthengiveup.
1.Itsimpliedbutnotstatedinthepassagethat________.A.manyothercountriesarefacingthesameproblemB.white-collarworkersintheUSusedtomakemoremoneythanblue-collarworkersC.fewerstudentswillprefertogotocollegeinthefutureD.thelawofsupplyanddemandhasastrongeffectonAmericanhighereducation
2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTareasonwhycollegeenrollmentsgoupeveryyearA.Manypeoplebelievethattheonlywaytosuccessisacollegeeducation.B.Manyparentswanttheirchildrentogotocollege.C.Highschoolteachersurgetheirstudentstogotocollege.D.Everyyoungmanandwomanwantstogotocollege.
3.Bysayingthat“manypeoplegotocollegewhodonotbelongthere”theauthormeansthat________.A.manypeoplewhoarenotfitforcollegeeducationgotocollegeB.manypeoplewhodonothaveenoughmoneygotocollegeC.manypeoplewhogotocollegedropoutwithinthefirstyearD.manypeoplewhogotocollegehavetheirhopesdestroyed
4.Wecaninferfromthepassagethattheauthorbelievesthat_______.A.everyyoungmanandwomanshouldgotocollegeB.collegeeducationisabadthingC.peoplewithacollegeeducationshouldreceivehigherpayD.fewerpeopleshouldgotocollegewhilemoreshouldbetrainedforskilledjobs
2、 Americancitiesaresimilartoothercitiesaroundtheworld.Ineverycountrycitiesreflectthevaluesoftheculture.AmericancitiesarechangingjustasAmericansocietyischanging. AfterWorldWarⅡthepopulationofmostlargeAmericancitiesdecreased;howeverthepopulationinmanySunBeltcitiesincreased.LosAngelesandHoustonarecitieswherepopulationshifts转移toandfromthecityreflectthechangingvaluesofAmericansociety.Inthelate1940sandearly1950scityresidents居民becamewealthier.Theyhadmorechildrensotheyneededmorespace.Theymovedoutoftheirapartmentsinthecitytobuytheirownhomes.Theyboughthousesinthesuburbs郊区. Nowthingsarechanging.Thechildrenofthepeoplewholeftthecitiesinthe1950sarenowadults.Manyunliketheirparentswanttoliveinthecities.TheycontinuetomovetoSunBeltcitiesandolderonesoftheNortheastandMidwest.Manyyoungprofessionalsaremovingbackintothecity.Theypreferthecitytothesuburbsbecausetheirjobsarethere;ortheyjustenjoytheexcitementandpossibilitiesthatthecityoffers. Thispopulationshiftisbringingproblemsaswellasbenefits.Countlesspoorpeoplemustleavetheirapartmentsinthecitybecausetheownerswanttosellthebuildingsormakeapartmentsforsaleinsteadofforrent.Inthe1950smanypoorpeopledidnothaveenoughmoneytomovetothesuburbs;nowmanyofthesesamepeopledonothaveenoughmoneytostayinthecities. OnlyafewyearsagopeoplethoughtthattheolderAmericancitiesweredying.Somecityresidentsnowseeabrightnewfuture.Othersseeonlyproblemsandconflicts.Onethingissure:manydyingcitiesarealiveagain.
1.WhatdoestheauthorthinkofcitiesallovertheworldA.Theyarealive.B.Theyarehopeless.C.TheyaresimilarD.Theyaredifferent.
2.WhydidAmericancityresidentswanttoliveinthesuburbsafterWorldWarⅡA.BecauseolderAmericancitiesweredying.B.Becausetheywerericherandneededmorespace.C.Becausetheycontainedtheworstpartsofsociety.D.Becausetheycouldhardlyaffordtoliveinthecity.
3.Accordingtothe4thparagraphagreatmanypoorpeopleinAmericancities .A.arefacedwithhousingproblemsB.areforcedtomovetothesuburbsC.wanttoselltheirbuildingsD.needmoremoneyfordailyexpenses
4.Wecanconcludefromthetestthat .A.AmericancitiesarechangingfortheworseB.peoplehavedifferentviewsonAmericancitiesC.manypeoplearenowmovingfromAmericancitiesD.thepopulationisdecreasinginolderAmericancities
3、 AppleannounceditsnewiPhoneslastweekbutpetitors’mobilephonescandomanyofthesamethingsforlessmoney. ThenewiPhone8andXhavewirelesschargingedge-to-edgeglassscreenanddoublecameras.ButallofthesefeaturesarealreadyavailableinsmartphonesfromChina’sHuaweiandOppoandKorea’sSamsung.WhileAppleasksbuyerstopay$1000foritshigh-endmodelsomeAsianphonemakerscanoffersimilarfeaturesforless. AtonetimeChinesemanufacturerscopiedfeaturesanddesignsfromotherstoproducelow-costphones.Buttheyhavenowaddedhigh-endfeaturestotheirphonesandtheycontrolnearlyhalftheglobalmobilephonemarket. MediaMarktSaturnisEurope’sbiggestelectronicsseller.AspokespersonforthestoretoldReutersthat“HuaweiisseenasarelevantpetitortoAppleandSamsungbycoveringallmajorpricepointsandplacingbiginvestmentsinmarketingandsales.’’ShealsosaidthattheChinesepaniesHuaweiZTELenovoandTCLwereamongthetop-10best-sellingsmartphonesinitsstores. Chinesemanufacturers’fastgrowthhasbeenfueledbystrongsalesinChina.Buttheynowexport40percentoftheirsmartphones.ThatisalmostdoublethenumberfromjustthreeyearsagoaccordingtotheHongKonginvestmentpanyCLSA. Huaweiiscurrentlytheworld’sthirdlargestphonemakerbehindSamsungandApple.AccordingtoresearchpanyCanalystheChinesepanyisgettingclosertosecond-placeAppleandmightovertakeitlaterthisyear.Huaweiplanstoshowitstop-of-the-lineMate10phoneonOct.
16.Thephonewillhaveartificialintelligencefeaturessuchasinstanttranslationandimagerecognitionandwillcostlessthan$
1000.
1.WhatisthetextmainlyaboutA.Smartphone’smanufacturers.B.Applesmartphone’sfeatures.C.Asianphonemakers’fastgrowth.D.petitionamongAsianphonemakers.
2.WhichisNOTamongthetop3phonemakersintheworldA.TCL.B.Samsung.C.Apple.D.Huawei.
3.WhatdoweknowfromthetextA.HueweiwillhaveovertakenApplebylater
2017.B.Chinesemakers’phoneswithhigh-endfeaturescostless.C.Thetop-10smartphonesaretoenterthehigh-endpetition.D.40percentofAsiansmartphonesareexportednow.
4.Whatisthewriter’sattitudetowardsAsianphonemakersA.Doubtful.B.Concerned.C.Optimistic.D.Uncertain.
4、 Operatingthelargestprivatefoundation私人基金会inhistoryBillandMelindaGatesmakedecisionsthatinfluencemillionsoflives.Buttheydealwithproblemsverydifferently. Forexampletheyagreedthattoomanychildrendieneedlesslyfromdiarrhoea腹泻.Butwhenitcametohowtopreventittheiropinionsweredifferent.Whileherhusbandreadalotaboutvaccines疫苗MelindaGateshadbeentravellingandvisitedareaswherepoorpeopleliveinIndia. Whenshereturnedshesaid“Idon’tknowwhatitisbutthere’ssomethingincleanwaterandsanitation公共卫生.”AndBillsaid“OKMelindaIdon’tevenhavetimetoreadinthatspace.Tellmewhatyouknow. Thatconversationledtoanewfocusonwaterandsanitation.Since2006theyhavegivenmorethan$US200milliontowardthoseefforts. Thefoundation’sworkisalwaysapartofherfamily’slifeevenonholiday.ThisyearoverthespringbreaktheytooktheirthreechildrentotheAmazoninBrazil.ThereshespokeabouttheadvantagesofaservicetoallowpeopletosendmoneybymobilephonesafterseeingthesuccessofsuchaprograminKenya. Melindabelievedit’sawaytohelpherchildren“knowwhatgoesonintheirbackyardsotheyunderstandwhatitslikeforkidswhodon’thaveenoughmoneytodowhattheydo.” Whenaskedwhatmadeherandherhusbandestablishafoundationtohelpothersshepointedtoherfamilybackground.Bothsheandherhusbandcamefromfamilieswhoencouragedsocialservices. MelindahasanMBAanddegreesinputerscienceandbusinessfromDukeUniversity.ShemetBillGatesshortlyaftergoingtoworkatMicrosoft.Bythetimetheymarriedin1994shehadalreadypersuadedhimtobeeactiveinphilanthropy慈善事业. “Wetalkedabouthowthiswealthwillgobacktosocietybeforewegotmarried”shesaid.“Thatseemsliketherightthingtodoifyou’rearichperson.”
1.AtthebeginningBillGateswantedtodealwithdiarrhoeaby__________. A.providingcleanwaterB.developingvaccinesC.offeringcleanfoodD.improvingsanitation
2.WecaninferMelindaGatesbroughtherchildrentoBrazilthisyearbecause__________.A.shewantedherchildrentohelpsickkidsinB.razilB.herchildrenwantedtoenjoythespringbreakabroadC.shewantedherchildrentovaluewhattheyhaveD.herchildrenhadntvisitedBrazilbefore
503.AccordingtothetextMelindaGates__________.A.operatesthefoundationonherownB.visitedKenyatohelppreventdiarrhoeaC.persuadedBillGatestopracticephilanthropyD.donated$US200milliontohelppoorpeopleinBrazil
4.WhatisthebesttitleforthetextA.ArichfamilythatisalwaysreadytohelpothersB.Howrichpeopleinfluenceothers’livesC.ChildreninpoorareasneedahandD.Thelargestprivatefoundation
5、 Eachcountryandculturehasitsownsetofpublicholidaysandfestivals.WhilesomeoftheseholidaysandfestivalslikeChristmasandNewYeararemonacrosstheworldtherearemanymoreholidaysthatareunknownoutsideofnationalborders.
1. BlessedRainyDay Lifeinacountrywhereitrainsalotcanbehard.InBhutanBlessedRainyDayistheholidaymarkingtheendofthemonsoonseason雨季.Onthisdayeveryoneisencouragedtoenjoyabathoutofthehousetowashawaybadluck.
2. MelonDay TurkmenistansMelonDayisacelebrationoftheirnationalfruit.IttakesplaceonthesecondSundayinAugust.Thousandsofmouth-wateringmelonsweregivenawayintheheatoftheTurkmencapitalAshgabatonSundaytocelebrateMelonDay.
3. “PunchYourNeighbor”Festival ThecitiesofPotosiandMachainBoliviaholdthefestivalintheBolivianAndesMountainsinMayeveryyear.Itscelebratedbythousandsofpeopleandit’sbasedontheQuechuaword“Tinku”thatmeans“meeting”.Themeaningofthewordhasbeeworseasitnowiscelebratedwithbeatingsthatcanactuallyreallyhurtpeople.
4. HaxeyHood TheHaxeyHoodgameinEnglandhasabiggroupofpeopletryingtopushasmallleathertubetowardsoneofthefourpubs酒馆intownwhereitwillstayuntilthefollowingyear’sgame.Onceapersonhasthetubehecannotrunwithitorthrowit.Hehastopassitontopeopleonhisteam.Thegameusuallylastsafewhours.
1.HowdopeoplecelebrateBlessedRainyDayA.Bytakingashowerinthebathroom.B.Byplayingoutdoorsintherain.C.Bythrowingwateronothers.D.Bytakingabathoutdoors.
2.WherewouldyougoifyoureinterestedinthefestivalinhonorofakindoffruitA.ToBhutan.B.ToTurkmenistan.C.ToBolivia.D.ToEngland
3.WhatcanwelearnaboutthefestivalheldinPotosiandMachaA.Itishatedbymostpeopleinthosetwocities.B.Itisthemostinterestingfestivalinthatcountry.C.Itcanbedangerousforthosewhotakepartinit.D.Itismeanttoencourageneighborstoloveeachother.
4.WhatshouldpeopledointheHaxeyHoodgameA.Runwithaleathertube.B.Pusheachotherforward.C.Trytowinadrinkatapub.D.Passaleathertubetowardsapub.
6、 TherearemanydifferencesbetweenBritishEnglishandAmericanEnglish.Iusedtoteachacourse aboutthedifferencesbetweenthetwo.WespeakEnglishonbothsidesoftheAtlanticOceanbutwe havemanydifferencesinourmonlanguage.Wehaveexamplesofthesamewordshavingvery differentmeaningsdifferentspellingsofthesamewordsaswellaspletelydifferentwordsforthe samethings.Herearesomeexamples. AcookieintheUSiscalledabiscuitintheUK.AbiscuitintheUSisasmallcakeintheUK.CrispsintheUKareknownaschipsbutweBritishpeopleeataplateofchipsthatyoucallfriesintheUS.IntheUKapiecanbemadefromeithermeatorfruitwhileintheUSpiesarenormallymadefromfruit;potpiesaremadefrommeat.MostthingsaremeasuredingramsandkilogramsintheUSnotpounds andounces. Oneveryobviousdifferenceisthesideoftheroadweeachchoosetodriveon.Petrolin theUKisgasintheUS.TheplacewherewefillupourcarsintheUKisagarage;whileintheUSits agasstation.Thetermgarageisalsousedasaplacetostoreyourcarnexttoorclosebyyourhouse.In theUKwecallalorrywhatisknownasatruckintheUS.AnelevatorintheUSiscalledalifthereandthefirstfloorintheUSiscalledthegroundfloorheresomanyvisitorsgetoffonthewrongfloorinBritishhotels. Icouldcontinuewiththis.Therearecountlessexamplesofdifferenceswithinouronesharedlanguage.Withsomanydifferencesnowonderitshardtounderstandeachotherwell.
1.ThepassageismainlyaboutthedifferencesbetweenBritishEnglishandAmericanEnglishin________.A.spellingB.grammarC.soundD.vocabulary
2.Itsimplied暗示inthepassagethattheauthormaybe________.A.ateacherfromtheUKB.acookfromtheUSC.adriverfromtheUSD.agasstationworkerfromtheUK
3.Intheauthorsopinion________.A.languagedifferencesdontaffectunderstandingB.therewillbefewerdifferencesbetweenAmericanandBritishEnglishinthefutureC.thesamewordsinthetwodifferenttypesofEnglishmayhavedifferentspellingsD.itisimpossiblethatsomeAmericansgetoffonthewrongfloorinBritishhotels
4.WhatcanwelearnfromthepassageA.ElevatorismonlyusedintheUK.B.IntheUKthingsaremeasuredinpoundsandounces.C.PiesmeanthesamethingintheUKandtheUS.D.BritishandAmericanpeopledriveonthesamesideoftheroad.答案以及解析1答案及解析答案
1.B;
2.D;
3.A;
4.D解析
1.本文通过调查分析告诉人们要改变传统观念应首先考虑选择技术工作的培训—因为它人才缺乏待遇更高小题1:推断题阅读全文可知A、C原文没有提到D在原文已明确提到再根据Theoldgapthatwhite-collarworkersmakeabetterlivingthanbluecollarworkersnolongerholdstrue.Thelawofsupplyanddemandnowfavorstheskilledworkmen可推知在人们的眼中白领工人以前比蓝领工人赚钱多故B为正确选项
2.细节题根据Whethertheywanttogotocollegeornotdoesn’tmatter.Everybodyshouldgotocollegesoofcoursetheymustgo可知上大学不是出于学生本意而是出于父母及学校等方面的压力可见D不是大学入学人数增加的原因
3.推断题根据最后一段Ofthesixtypercentofhighschoolgraduateswhoentercollegehalfofthemdonotgraduatewiththeirclass.Manyofthemdropoutwithinthefirstyear.Somestruggleonfortwoorthreeyearsandthengiveup可知作者列举了三种情况说明有些人不适合大学教育故选A
4.推断题阅读全文可知作者通过调查告诉人们大学教育人才过多而技术工人又非常缺乏因而待遇反而更高;接着又分析了造成这种状况的传统观念;最后还谈到了很多上了大学却因种种原因无法完成学业所有这些都在暗示人们上大学的人应该减少而参加技术工作培训的人应该增多故选D2答案及解析答案
1.C;
2.B;
3.A;
4.B解析
1.细节理解题根据第一段第一句的内容可知作者认为全世界的城市都非常相似
2.细节理解题根据第二段中的内容可知二战后城市居民变得更加富裕养育了更多的孩子他们需要更多的空间所以想居住在郊区
3.推理判断题由第四段可知无数穷人总是被迫离开他们的住所以前他们没有钱搬到郊区如今他们没有钱生活在城市中了由此可知他们面临住房问题
4.推理判断题最后一段中提到一些美国城市居民看到的是城市灿烂的未来而其他人看到的仅仅是问题和冲突由此可推测人们对美国城市的观点不同3答案及解析答案
1.D;
2.A;
3.B;
4.C解析
1.苹果新机“预冷”国产手机“争霸”亚洲手机制造商快速发展逼近苹果公司主旨大意题根据ThenewiPhone8andXhavewirelesschargingedge-to-edgeglassscreenanddoublecameras.ButallofthesefeaturesarealreadyavailableinsmartphonesfromChina’sHuaweiandOppoandKorea’sSamsung.WhileAppleasksbuyerstopay$1000foritshigh-endmodelsomeAsianphonemakerscanoffersimilarfeaturesforless.新款iPhone8和X拥有无线充电、无边框屏幕和双摄像头但是这些功能已经在中国的华为、OPPO和韩国的三星智能手机上得到应用当苹果为其高端机型标出1000美元的售价时一些亚洲手机制造商可以用更少的钱提供类似功能可以推断出本文主要讲述了亚洲手机制造商之间的竞争故选D
2.细节理解题根据HuaweiiscurrentlytheworldsthirdlargestphonemakerbehindSamsungandApple.AccordingtoresearchpanyCanalystheChinesepanyisgettingclosertosecond-placeAppleandmightovertakeitlaterthisyear.得知华为目前是全球第三大手机厂商位居三星和苹果之后故选A
3.推理判断题根据ThenewiPhone8andXhavewirelesschargingedge-to-edgeglassscreenanddoublecameras.ButallofthesefeaturesarealreadyavailableinsmartphonesfromChina’sHuaweiandOppoandKorea’sSamsung.WhileAppleasksbuyerstopay$1000foritshigh-endmodelsomeAsianphonemakerscanoffersimilarfeaturesforless.新款iPhone8和X拥有无线充电、无边框屏幕和双摄像头但是这些功能已经在中国的华为、OPPO和韩国的三星智能手机上得到应用当苹果为其高端机型标出1000美元的售价时一些亚洲手机制造商可以用更少的钱提供类似功能故选B
4.推理判断题根据TheChinesepanyevenmadefunofApplesnewfacialrecognitionfeaturewithaFacebookvideocalledRealAIphone.Huaweiplanstoshowitstop-of-the-lineMate10phoneonOct.
16.Thephonewillhaveartificialintelligencefeaturessuchasinstanttranslationandimagerecognitionandwillcostlessthan$
1000.OtherChinesepaniesarelookingtoenterthehigh-endsmartphonemarket.这家中国公司甚至在Facebook上发布了一则名为《RealAIphone》的视频取笑苹果公司新的面部识别功能华为计划在10月16日推出该公司顶级的Mate10手机这款手机将具备人工智能功能例如即时翻译和图像识别售价可能低于1千美元其它中国公司正在寻求进入高端智能手机市场可以推断出作者对亚洲手机制造商很有信心对亚洲手机发展前景乐观A.Doubtful.怀疑的;B.Concerned.担忧的;C.Optimistic.乐观的;D.Uncertain.不确定的故选C4答案及解析答案
1.B;
2.C;
3.C;
4.A解析
1.推理判断题根据第二段的“theyagreedthattoomanychildrendieneedlesslyfromdiarrhoea...Whileherhusbandreadalotaboutvaccines”可推测盖茨企图通过研发疫苗来对抗腹泻
2.推理判断题根据倒数第四段的“Melindabelievedit’sawaytohelpherchildrenknowwhatgoesonintheirbackyardsotheyunderstandwhatit’slikeforkidswhodon’thaveenoughmoneytodowhattheydo.’”可知梅琳达认为让她的孩子看看经济匮乏的孩子们的生活可以让他们更加珍惜自己所拥有的
3.细节理解题根据倒数第二段的“Bythetimetheymarriedin1994shehadalreadypersuadedhimtobeeactiveinphilanthropy”可知C项正确
4.标题归纳题通读全文尤其是第一段和最后一段可知盖茨夫妇创办了有史以来最大的私人基金会帮助他人因为他们认为这是富人应该做的故A项最能体现本文主旨5答案及解析答案
1.D;
2.B;
3.C;
4.D解析
1.细节理解题根据第二段的“Onthisdayeveryoneisencouragedtoenjoyabathoutofthehousetowashawaybadluck”可知节日当天人们会到户外洗澡
2.细节理解题根据第三段的“Turkmenistan’sMelonDayisacelebrationoftheirnationalfruit.”可知土库曼斯坦的这个节日跟水果有关
3.推理判断题根据第四段的“...asitnowiscelebratedwithbeatingsthatcanactuallyreallyhurtpeople.可知参与这个节日有一定的危险性
4.推理判断题根据末段的“…pushasmallleathertubetowardsoneofthefourpubs酒馆intown...Hehastopassitontopeopleonhistcanx”可知众人会把皮管传递到一个酒馆6答案及解析答案
1.D;
2.A;
3.C;
4.B解析
1.细节理解题本文主要介绍了英式英语和美式英语在“词汇”上的差别grammar语法;sound语音;spelling拼读
2.推理判断题由“Iusedtoteachacourseaboutthedifferencesbetweenthetwo.”可知作者曾经教过一门两者美、英式英语的差别这门课程所以推测他是“一名英国教师”
3.细节理解题由“Wehaveexamplesofthesamewordshavingverydifferentmeaningsdifferingspellingsofthesamewordsaswellaspletelydifferentwordsforthesamethings.”可知同一个词在两种英语中可能会有不同读音A项语言不同会影响理解交流;C项未提及;D项美国人很可能会走错楼层
4.推理判断题由“MostthingsaremeasuredingramsandkilogramsintheUSnotpoundsandounces.”可知英国人使用磅和盎司做单位。