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阅读理解-词义猜测一
1、HewasoncereferredtoasthePicassoofpoetry.BelovedbyChileansofallclassesheisoneofthemostwidelyreadandrespectedpoetsinhistory.Andthisyearisthe108thbirthdayofPabloNeruda1904—
1973. BornwiththenameNeftaliRicardoReyesBasoaltohewasatall.shyandlonelyboy.Helovedtoreadandstartedtowritepoetrywhenhewasten.TheAmericanpoetWaltWhitmanwhoseframedpictureNerudalaterkeptonhistable.becameamajorinfluenceonhiswork. Howeverhisfatherdidnotliketheideaofhavingapoetforasonandtriedtodiscouragehimfromwriting.TocoverupthepublicationofhisfinstpoemhetookthepennamePabloNeruda. In1924NerudagainedfamewithhismostwidelyreadworkTwentyLovePoemsandaSongofDespair.Yethisrichexperienceasadiplomatandexile被流放者madehimgobeyondthethemeoflove.HisworkalsoreflectedthepoliticalstruggleoftheleftanddevelopmentofSouthAmerica.HewasawardedtheNobelPrizeforLiteraturein
1971. Nerudalovedtheseawhichhesawascreativedestructiveandforevermoving.Hefoundinspirationinthepowerandfreedomofthewavesandtheseabirdsonthecoast...Ineedtheseabecauseitteachesme”hewrote.Imoveintheuniversityofthewaves.Helovedhowtheseaforeverreneweditselfarenewalechoedinhiswork.
1.Theunderlinedword“Picasso”canprobablybereplacedby_______A.mostimportantpersonB.famouspersonfromPicassoC.freedomfighterinPicassoD.poemfan
2.NeftaliRicardoReyesBasoaltotookthepennamePabloNerudabecause ______.A.literarygreatsusuallyusedthepennameB.hisfatherencouragedhimtousethenameC.hewantedtopreventhisfatherknowingthepublicationD.hewasgreatlyinfluencedbyotherpoets
3.WhichofthefollowingisnotthethemeofhisworksA.Love.B.Politicalstruggle.C.Socialreform.D.DevelopmentofSouthAmerica.
4.Thelastparagraphmainlytellsus __________.A.theseagaveNerudavastwritinginspirationB.thebeautifulsceneryalongtheChilecoastC.Neruda’spoemswerewidelyreadoverseasD.Nerudalovedtowritehispoemsnearthesea
2、 Americanhighschoolstudentsareterriblewritersandoneeducationreformgroupthinksithasananswer:robotsormoreaccuratelyrobot-readers-putersprogrammedtoscanstudentessaysandspitoutagrade. MarkShermisprofessoroftheCollegeofEducationattheUniversityofAkronishelpingtoholdacontestsetupbytheWilliamandFloraHewlettFoundationWFHFwhichpromises$100000inprizemoneytoprogrammerswhowritethebestautomatedgradingsoftware.“Ifyou’reahighschoolteacherandyougiveawritingtaskyou’rewalkinghomewith150essays”Shermissaid.“You’regoingtoneedsomehelp.” Automatedessaygradingwasfirstproposedinthe1960sbutputersbackthenwerenotuptothetask.Inthelate1990sastechnologyimprovedseveraltextbookandtestingpaniesjumpedintothefield.TodayputersareusedtogradeessaysinSouthDakotasstudentwritingassessmentsandahandfulofotherexamsincludingtheTOEFLtestofEnglishfluencytakenbyforeignstudents. TheHewlettcontestaimstoshowthatputerscangradeaswellasEnglishteachers—onlymuchmorequicklyandwithoutallthatdepressingredink.“Automatedessayscoringisobjective”Shermissaid.“Anditcanbedoneimmediately.Ifstudentsfinishanessayat10p.m.theygetaresultat10:00p.m. TakeforinstancetheIntelligentEssayAssessoraweb-basedtoolmarketedbyPearsonEducationInc.Withinsecondsitcananalyzeanessayforspellinggrammarorganizationandhelpstudentstomakerevision.Theprogramscansforkeywordsandanalyzessemantic语义的patternsandPearsonclaimsthatitcanunderstandthemeaningofatextmuchthesameasahumanreader.
1.Thetextiswrittentointroduce ________.A.HewlettcontestB.theeducationreforminAmericaC.robot-readersD.WilliamandFloraHewlettFoundation
2.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“spitout”inParagraph1probablymeanA.Analyze.B.Organize.C.Give.D.Check.
3.WhatdoesParagraph4focusonA.Theapplicationofautomatedessayscoring.B.Theadvantagesofautomatedessayscoring.C.TheprizeofHewlettcontest.D.Teachers’opinionsaboutHewlettcontest.
3、 StevenSteinlikestofollowgarbagetrucks.Hisstrangehabitmakessensewhenyouconsiderthathe’sanenvironmentalscientistwhostudieshowtoreducelitterincludingthingsthatfalloffgarbagetrucksastheydrivedowntheroad.Whatisevenmoreinterestingisthatoneof Steinsjobsisdefendinganindustrybehindtheplasticshoppingbag. Americansusemorethan100billionthinfilmplasticbagseveryyear.Somanyendupintreebranchesoralonghighwaysthatagrowingnumberofcitiesdonotallowthematcheckouts收银台.Thebagsareprohibitedinsome90citiesinCaliforniaincludingLosAngeles.Eyeingtheseheadwindsplastic-bagmakersarehiringscientistslike Stein to makethecasethattheirproductsarenotasbadfortheplanetasmostpeopleassume. Amongthebagmakersargument:manycitieswithbansstillallowshoppers to purchasepaperbagswhichareeasilyrecycledbutrequiremoreenergy to produceandtransport.Andwhileplasticbagsmaybeugly to lookattheyrepresentasmallpercentageofall garbage onthegroundtoday. Theindustryhasalsotakenaimattheproductthathasappearedasitsreplacement:reusableshoppingbags.Thestrongerareusablebagisthelongeritslifeandthemoreplastic-baguseitcancelsout.Howeverlonger-lastingreusablebagsoftenrequiremoreenergy to make.Onestudyfoundthatacottonbagmustbeusedatleast131timestobebetterfortheplanetthanplastic. Environmentalistsdontdispute质疑thesepoints.Theyhopepaperbagswillbebannedsomedaytooandwantshoppers to usethesamereusablebagsforyears.
1.WhathasStevenSteinbeenhiredtodoA.Helpincreasegrocerysales.B.Recyclethewastematerial.C.Stopthingsfallingofftrucks.D.Arguefortheuseofplasticbags.
2.Whatdoestheword“headwinds”inparagraph2refertoA.Bansonplasticbags.B.Effectsofcitydevelopment.C.Headachescausedbygarbage.D.Plasticbagshungintrees.
3.Whatisadisadvantageofreusablebagsaccordingtoplastic-bagmakersA.Theyarequiteexpensive.B.Replacingthemcanbedifficult.C.Theyarelessstrongthanplasticbags.D.Producingthemrequiresmoreenergy.
4.WhatisthebesttitleforthetextA.PlasticPaperorNeitherB.IndustryPollutionandEnvironmentC.RecycleorThrowAwayD.GarbageCollectionandWasteControl
4、 DanAustinisawriterandfilmmaker.Heis“saving”theworldgivingawayonebikeatatime.In2006Austinandhisbrotherstartedanorganizationcalled88Bikes.It’sanon-profit非营利性的groupthatdeliversbicyclestokidsinneedaroundtheworld.Inlessthanfouryearsthegrouphasgivenawaynearly800bikesinsevendifferentcountries. WhatdifferencecanonebicyclemakeAbigonesaysAustin.Manyofthechildrenwhohavereceivedbikesfrom88Bikesliveinfarawayareasandinorphanages孤儿院.Havingabikegivesthekidsasafeandquickwaytogettoschool.“OwningabikecanalsomeanfreedomforayoungpersonandthehappinessthatabikecanbringisjustmoreimportantthananythingelseAustinexplains.“Thismayalsobefavorabletotheirstudybecausebeinghappytheyarelikelytolearnmore”Austinadded. Austinandhisbrotherthoughtoftheideafor88Bikesinanouting.TheyoncewenttoCambodiabybike.AftertheridetheydecidedtogiveawaytheirbikestoanorphanageinthecityofPhnomPenh.“Butthenwerealizedtherewere88kidsattheorphanage’’Austinsaid.“Wewantedtohelptheother86kidstoo.’Sotheysetupthegroupaswellasawebsitefordonations.Fourdayslatertherewasenoughmoneytobuymorethanenoughbicycles. Alongwiththebikesallofthechildrenreceivecapsbikelocksandshoes.Theyalsoreceivephotosofthepeoplewhomadethedonations.“Wewantthemtoknowthatthereissomebodyacrosstheoceanthatalwayscaresaboutthem”Austinsays.Aworldmapisputonthebackofthephotowhichshowswherethedonors捐赠人live.Thedonorsalsoreceivepicturesofthekidsandtheirnewbikes.
1.DanAustinandhisbrothergiveawaybikesto ________.A.savetheworldB.helpthekidsC.makemoneyD.moveothers
2.Whichofthefollowingmayreplacetheunderlinedword“delivers”inParagraph1A.showsB.lendsC.sellsD.sends
3.Accordingtothepassageowningabikemaymakeitpossibleforkidsto ______.
①savetime
②getfreedom
③learnmore
④receiverespect
⑤behappy
⑥keephealthy A.
①②③⑤B.
①③⑤⑥C.
②③④⑤D.
①②⑤⑥
4.WhatcanbelearnedfromthepassageA.Thedonorsandthekidscanlearnabouteachother.B.Austinandhisbrothersetuptheorganizationtwoyearsago.C.Nearly800bikeshavebeensenttosevencitiesinCambodia.D.Onlybygoingonanoutingcanbikesbegiventokidsinneed.
5、OneofIndia’stopengineeringschoolshasrestrictedInternetaccessinitsboardinghousessayingaddictiontosurfinggamingandbloggingwasaffectingstudents’performancemakingthemlonelyandevensuicidal. AuthoritiesatthebestIndianInstituteofTechnologyIITinMumbaisaidstudentshadstoppedsocializingandmanywerelateformorningclassesorsleptthroughthem.“Nowastudentdoesn’tevenknowwholivestwodoorsawayfromhimbecauseheissobusyontheInternet”saidPrakashGopalandeanofStudentAffairs.“Theolddormitorycultureofpanionshipandsocializingamongstudentsisgone.Thisisnothealthyinouropinion.” IIT-Mumbaiwithabout5000studentsisoneofthesevenIITsacrossIndiawhichareconsideredtobeamongthefinestengineeringschoolsintheworld.Theyarealsoatalentpoolforglobaltechnologygiants.Buttheirhardcoursestoughpetitionandlonelycampuslifestylehavetakenaneffectonstudents.DepressiveanddysfunctionallifestylesareknowntobemonamongIITstudentsandatleastninehavemittedsuicideinthepastfiveyears.StudentshaveunlimitedfreeInternetaccessintheirboardinghousestohelpthemintheirstudiesbutmanyalsouseittosurfchatdownloadmoviesandmusicblogandforgaming. “StartingMondayInternetaccesswillbebannedbetween11p.m.and12:30p.m.atIIT-Mumbai’s13boardingbuildingstoencouragestudentstosleepearlyandtotryandforcethemoutoftheirshells.”Gopalansaid.Butthemovehasnotgonedownwellwithstudentswhosaytheyhatetheirlivesbeingregulated.“Nowtheywillsayweneedtolistentoalullaby摇篮曲togotosleep.”saidRajivanelectronicsstudent.
1.AccordingtothetextthestudentsaddictedtotheInternetinIIT-Mumbaiarelikelyto______.A.performwellinstudiesB.participateinsocialactivitiesC.knowtheirclassmatesbetterD.feellonelyandevensuicidal
2.Theunderlinedword“dysfunctional”inParagraph3mostprobablymeans“______”.A.unpopularB.meaningfulC.abnormalD.exciting
3.WhatmeasureshavebeentakeninIIT-MumbaiA.Studentsmustgotobedbefore11p.m.B.StudentsareforbiddentosurftheInternetoncampus.C.StudentshaveunlimitedfreeInternetaccessintheirdormitories.D.Internetaccessisunavailableindeepnightinboardingbuildings.
4.Wemayinferfromthelastparagraphthat______.A.allelectronicsstudentshatethebanningorderB.somestudentsplainaboutthebanningorderC.thereisnoInternetaccessontheIITcampuseversinceD.morestudentspreferlisteningtomusictosurfingtheInternet
6、 LUKLANepal—QomolangmaknownasMountEverestintheWestoncenegativelyrecognizedasthe“world’shighestjunkyard’’issettobeecleaneras30000porters搬运工havebeenmobilized动员forwastecollectionanddisposalfromthemountain’ssouthernside.ThecleanupdrivewaslaunchedrecentlynearLuklaAirportoneoftheworld’smostdangerousairportsyetavitalgatewaytotheworld’shighestpeak. “OurmajortaskistokeepEverestwhichistheprideoftheworldclean.Thiscampaignaimstotransport100tonsofnonbumablegarbagefromtheEverestregiontoKathmanduin2018”AngDorjeSherpachairmanoftheSagarmathaPollutionControlmitteesaid. TheSPCCanenvironmentalconservationorganizationhasmadeitmandatory强制性的since2013thateveryclimbershouldcarrydown8kilogramsoftrashbutfortrekkersthereisnosuchregulation.Duetothismorethan100tonsofwastegetscollectedintheregionannually. AccordingtoNepalesegovernmentstatisticsnearly50000domesticandforeigntrekkersvisittheQomolangmaregionannuallywhilemorethan400mountaineersattempttoscalethepeak.Thecollectedwastemostlyincludesemptybeerbottlesandcansoxygenbottlestomtentsandsleepingbagsfoodbinsanddiscardedmountaineeringandtrekkingequipment.Thetrashwascollectedbylocalgroupsinmorethanadozenvillageswhilethewastewastransporteddownthemountaininsacks麻袋byportersandanimals.Thecleanupcoveredsettlementsfromupto5000metersnearthebasecamptoLuklaAirportlocatedatanaltitudeof2805meters. OnthefirstdayofthecampaignseveraltonsofwastewassentofftoKathmandufromLuklaonplanesbelongingtoTaraAirlinesoneoftheleadingprivateairlinesinNepal.Theairlineshavesetanambitioustargetofflyingout100tonsofwastefromtheregionin2018asapartofitsmitmenttotheSustainableDevelopmentGoalsagainstclimatechange.ThepanysCEOUmeshChandraRaisaid“Wehopethatthiscampaignwillhelpthelocalpeopletomaintainapristine未受损害的naturalandunspoiledenvironmentsothatmoretrekkerswillefromeverywheremakingthetrekkingindustryheremoresustainable.
1.WhatsthefirstparagraphmainlyaboutA.ThebasicsituationofMountEverest.B.Theintroductionofthecleanupcampaign.C.Theuniquewaytopreventenvironmentalpollution.D.Thedescriptionofthemostdangerousairportintheworld.
2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this”inParagraph3refertoA.Theruleforvisitorsmadebythelocaltravelagencies.B.ThecleanupcampaignlaunchedbyAngDorjeSherpa.C.ThedemandontheclimbersmadebytheSPCC.D.ThelawforthelocalpeoplemadebytheNepalesegovernment.
3.HowdoestheauthorindicatethatthecleanupcampaignisverytoughA.Bylistingfigures.B.Bymakingparisons.C.Bygivingsomeexamples.D.Byanalyzingsomecauses.
4.What’sUmeshChandraRai’sattitudetowardsthecleanupcampaignA.Doubtful.B.Curious.C.Enthusiastic.D.Unfavorable.答案以及解析1答案及解析答案
1.A;
2.C;
3.C;
4.A解析
1.词义猪测题根据下一句的意义“他被智利的各阶层人爱戴着他的作品广为传诵备受尊重”可猜测出:他曾经被誉为诗坛“巨匠”
2.细节理解题根据短文第三段“Tocoverupthepublicationofhisfirstpoem...—句可知:聂鲁达的父亲不赞成儿子当诗人经常想方设法阻止他创作为了掩人耳目发表第—首诗诗人就为自己取了个笔名聂鲁达
3.推理判断题第四段
二、三句表述的意思是:聂鲁达有着丰富的阅历他当过外交官曾流亡国外因此他的诗歌主题多样并不仅仅限于男女情爱他的作品还反映了左派政治斗争以及南美洲的发展由此判断可知
4.段落主旨题根据“Hefoundinspirationinthepowerandfreedomofthewavesandtheseabirdsonthecoast.’’和“Helovedhowtheseaforeverreneweditselfarenewalechoedinhiswork.”两句可知:海浪磅礴的力量、自由的激荡海岸上展翅翱翔的海鸟这一切都给予聂鲁达无尽的创作灵感他喜欢大海还因为大海在永不停息地更新着自己而他的诗作也犹如大海一样不断地推陈出新„2答案及解析答案
1.C;
2.C;
3.B解析
1.主旨大意题文章开门见山提出教育改革小组的想法:发明能够帮助老师判定作文等级的机器人来减轻教师的负担然后在下文进行详细介绍故文章的中心内容是介绍这种机器人选C
2. 词义猜测题从下文whowritethebestautomatedgradingsoftware可知发明这种机器人的目的是替老师们批阅作文给学生作文打分故选C
3.段落大意题根据本段中thatputerscangradeaswellasEnglishteachers和withoutallthatdepressingredink以及Anditcanbedoneimmediately.可以判断本段主要介绍这种机器人的优点选B3答案及解析答案
1.D;
2.A;
3.D;
4.A解析文章分析了几种购物袋的使用情况塑料袋会造成环境问题纸袋尽管容易回收但生产和运输需要更多的能源环保主义者希望消费者使用耐用可重复使用的袋子
1.细节理解题根据第一段oneofSteinsjobsisdefendinganindustrybehindtheplasticshoppingbags.和第二段plastic-bagmakersarehiringscientistslikeSteintomakethecasethattheirproductsarenotasbadfortheplanetasmostpeopleassume.可知塑料袋生产商雇用StevenStein是为了证明他们的产品并不像大多数人想象的那样对地球有害是对塑料袋被禁用的解释和争论故选D
2.词义猜测题上文介绍在许多美国大城市塑料袋被禁用看到这种现状塑料袋生产商雇用StevenStein等科学家是为了证明他们的产品并不像大多数人想象的那样对地球有害headwinds意为“逆风”此处指塑料袋被禁用的现状即Bansonplasticbags故选A
3.细节理解题根据第四段Howeverlonger-lastingreusablebagsoftenrequiremoreenergytomake.可知塑料袋生产商认为生产耐用且能重复使用的袋子需要更多的能源故选D
4.标题归纳题文章讲述了使用塑料袋会造成环境问题纸袋容易回收但生产和运输需要更多的能源环保主义者希望消费者使用耐用可重复使用的袋子对这三种方式进行了对比PlasticPaperorNeither既能概括全文又能吸引读者最适合作为标题故选A点睛:概括主旨的方法是:先看首尾或各段开头再看全文找主题句若无明显主题句就通过关键词句来概括如议论文中寻找表达作者观点态度的词句要看懂全文的主要内容明白了主要内容就能准确概括文章标题小题4要求概括标题本文讲述了使用塑料袋造成的环境问题纸袋容易回收但生产和运输需要更多的能源希望消费者使用耐用可重复使用的袋子对这三种方式进行了对比PlasticPaperorNeither既能概括全文又能吸引读者适合作为标题4答案及解析答案
1.B;
2.D;
3.A;
4.A解析
1.细节理解题根据第三段Wewantedtohelptheother86kidstoo.可知兄弟俩是想通过赠送自行车来帮助孩子
2.词义猜测题根据第一段…thegrouphasgivenawaynearly800bikesinsevendifferentcountries可知这个组织已经送出近800辆自行车故可推知画线词的意思是“送”
3.细节理解题根据第二段可知孩子们拥有自行车的好处有:节省上学路上的时间;意味着自由;带来快乐;学习更多的知识故可知答案为A
4.推理判断题根据第四段孩子们会得到捐赠者的照片知道捐赠者来自何地,而捐赠者也能得到孩子的照片,可推知他们之间是能够相互了解的5答案及解析答案
1.D;
2.C;
3.D;
4.B解析
1.细节题:根据OneofIndia’stopengineeringschoolshasrestrictedInternetaccessinitsboardinghousessayingaddictiontosurfinggamingandbloggingwasaffectingstudents’performancemakingthemlonelyandevensuicidal.故选D
2.猜词题:根据DepressiveanddysfunctionallifestylesareknowntobemonamongIITstudentsandatleastninehavemittedsuicideinthepastfiveyears.可猜出dysfunctional意思是不正常的故选C
3.细节题:根据“StartingMondayInternetaccesswillbebannedbetween11p.m.and12:30p.m.atIIT-Mumbai’s13boardingbuildingstoencouragestudentstosleepearlyandtotryandforcethemoutoftheirshells.”故选D
4.推断题:根据Butthemovehasnotgonedownwellwithstudentswhosaytheyhatetheirlivesbeingregulated.“Nowtheywillsayweneedtolistentoalullaby摇篮曲togotosleep.”saidRajivanelectronicsstudent.可知有些学生抱怨这条禁令故选B6答案及解析答案
1.B;
2.C;
3.A;
4.C解析
1.主旨大意题.由首段第一句可知本段主要对“这次清洁活动”进行了介绍故选B
2.词义猜测题根据第三段第一句可知this指代的是ThedemandontheclimbersmadebytheSPCC故选C
3.推理判断题在第
四、五段作者通过列举数据详细地介绍了这次清洁活动形象地说明了这次活动的艰难故选A
4.推理判断题由尾段UmeshChandraRai说的话可推知UmeshChandraRai对于这次清洁活动是充满热情的故选C。