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Unit4GlobalwarmingⅠ.阅读理解ANaturehasitsownwayofbalancingitselfoutbutwhenwehumansgetinvolvedwetendtothrowthingsoutofcontrol.Forestsandoceansarenaturalcarbonsinksthatabsorbcarbondioxidefromtheatmospherebutsincewevebeenpumpingtoomuchintotheairthosesinkscantkeepup.ScientistsattheMaxPlanckInstituteinGermanyledbybiologistTobiasErbhavefiguredoutawaytosuperchargeplantstomakethembetteratabsorbingCO2whichcouldbeakeydefenseagainstclimatechange.Erbandhisteamfiguredoutawaytomakeplantsmoreefficientatabsorbingcarbonsothattheyconsumedmorecarboninashorteramountoftime.“IfyouthinkaboutplantstheyareefficientCO2-fixingfiltersbuttheyarenotfast”Erbsaid.“Ithinkthereisachancetoimproveexistingbiologywithsynthetic人造的biology.”Erbsteamidentified17enzymes酶fromninedifferentorganismsre-engineeringthreeofthemthathadanenlargedcarbonconsumption.Whenthoseenzymesworkedtogetherasateamtheyworkedbetteratnotonlyplantsnaturalenzymesbutalsothemselvesindividually.Existingenzymesinplantsconsumeabout5to10molesofCO2persecond.TheteamofenzymesthatErbusedconsumed80molespersecond.Sofartheseenzymeshaveonlybeentestedintesttubesinthelabbutthenextstepisrealworldtestingwheretheenzymeswouldbeintroducedintoplantstoseeifthesameresultoccurs.Ifthosetestsshowthatplantsreallycanbesuperchargedwecouldhaveanewtoolinthefightagainstclimatechangewherenotonlydoweprotecttheamazingcarbon-absorbingforestswehavebutwealsoaddthesesuperplantsoranartificialleaftechnologyusingtheenzymesintoothermixedfields.
1.WhycantforestsandoceansbalancenatureA.Becauseoceansandforestsaregettingsmaller.B.BecausewehumanbeingsgiveofftoomuchCO
2.C.Becausealargenumberofforestsarecutdown.D.Becausetherearetoomanycreaturesintheworld.
2.WhichisthekeydefenseagainstclimatechangeaccordingtoErbandhisteamA.ToincreasetheplantsabilityandefficiencytoabsorbCO
2.B.TomakeoceansandforeststoabsorbmoreCO2quickly.C.ToreducethehumanactivitiesgivingofftoomuchCO
2.D.Toincreasethenumberofplantsintheworld.
3.WhatcanwegetfromthelastparagraphA.Theenzymeshaveprovedusefulinrealworld.B.Thetechnologyhasworkedagainstclimatechange.C.Theenzymeshavenotbeenusedinthelab.D.Thetechnologymayhaveabrightfuture.
4.Thispassageisintendedto . A.introduceapossiblewaytobetterplantsabilityofabsorbingCO2B.callonpeopletopaymoreattentiontothebalanceofnatureC.analysethecauseandresultofclimatechangerelatedtoplantsD.explorethepossibilityofusingplantstofightagainstclimatechangeBTodaytropicalrainforestsaredisappearingfromthefaceoftheglobe.Despitegrowinginternationalconcernrainforestscontinuetobedestroyedatapaceover80000acresperday.Worldrainforestcovernowstandsataround
2.5millionsquaremiles.Humanactivitieshavehadaneffectonmuchofthisremainingarea.Deforestation滥伐森林oftropicalrainforestshasaglobaleffectthroughspeciesextinctionthelossofimportantecosystemservicesandrenewableresourcesandthereductionofcarbonsinks.Howeverthisdestructioncanbeslowedstoppedandinsomecasesevenreversed逆转.Mostpeopleagreethattheproblemmustbesolvedbutthemeansarenotassimpleasbuildingfencesaroundtheremainingrainforestsorbanningthewoodtrade.Economicpoliticalandsocialpressureswillnotallowrainforeststocontinuetoexistiftheyarepletelyclosedofffromuseanddevelopment.SowhatshouldbedoneThesolutionmustbebasedonwhatispracticalnotpletelyidealisticandshoulddependondevelopingaconservationapproachbuiltontheprincipleofsustainable不破坏生态平衡的useanddevelopmentofrainforests.Beyondtheresponsibledevelopmentofrainforestseffortstorestoredamagedforestlandsalongwiththeestablishmentofprotectedareasarekeytosecuringrainforestsforthelong-termbenefitstheycanprovideformankind.Historicalapproachestorainforestconservationhavefailedasshownbytheincreasedrateofdeforestation.Inmanyregionsclosingoffforestsasuntouchableparksandreserveshasneitherimprovedthequalityoflivingoreconomicopportunitiesfortheruralpoornorstoppedforestclearingbyillegalwoodcuttersanddevelopers.Theproblemwiththistraditionalapproachtopreservingwildlandsindevelopingcountriesisthatitfailstodeveloppropereconomicmotivesforpreservingtheforest.Localpeopleandthegovernmentitselfmustseefinancialreturnstoprovethecostsofmaintainingparksfromeconomicactivities.
5.WhathascausedsomespeciesextinctioninthetropicalrainforestsA.Humansdestroyingthetrees.B.Carbonsinksbeingreduced.C.Lackingrenewableresources.D.Fencesnotbeingbuiltaroundtherainforests.
6.WhatcanbeinferredfromthepassageA.Tropicalrainforestscanbeeasilypreserved.B.Rainforestsmustbeclosedofftobebetterprotected.C.Humanactivitieshavealittleeffectontropicalrainforests.D.Economicreturnscanmakesomedifferenceinprotectingtropicalrainforests.
7.WhatistheauthorsattitudetotropicalrainforestprotectionA.Indifferent.B.Concerned.C.Doubtful.D.Puzzled.
8.WhatisthepurposeofthepassageA.Toshowthebadeffectsofdeforestation.B.Tostresstheimportanceoftherainforests.C.Toappealforrightwaystosavetherainforests.D.Tointroducethefactofforestsdisappearing.Ⅱ.语法填空阅读下面短文在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式EarthDayisanevent
1. annualcelebratedonApril
22.
2. foundbySenatorGaylordNelsonanAmericanpoliticianandenvironmentalistitwasoriginallyaimedathelpingthepublictoknowthecurrentsituationofairandwaterpollutionand
3. getpeopletocareabouttheearth. In1962RachelCarsonsbest-sellingbookSilentSpringcreatedan
4. awareofthedangerouseffectsofpesticides农药.Thenafire
5. brokeoutin1969onCuyahogaRivershedlightontheproblemofchemicalpollutioninwater.SenatorGaylordNelsondreamedof
6. similarlargeeventthatwouldgetpeopletotakeenvironmentalissuesseriously.In1969hewasinspiredbyprotestsagainsttheVietnamWarandcameupwiththeideaforEarthDay. Inthefallof1969Nelsonannounceditandappealedtotheentirecountrytogetinvolved.Consequentlytelegramslettersandtelephonecalls
7. alloverthecountrypouredin.Since1970EarthDaycelebrationhasgrown.LaterNelson
8. awardthePresidentialMedalofFreedominrecognitionofhiswork. TodayEarthDayiscelebratedaroundtheworldeveryApril
22.SometimesnumerousmunitiescelebrateEarthWeekanentireweekof
9. activityfocusedontheenvironmentalissues.In2017theMarchforScience
10. occuronEarthDayApril222017andwasfollowedbythePeoplesClimateMobilizationApril
292017. Ⅲ.短文改错NextSundaythetwenty-fiveofOctoberwearehaveanopendayatourschool.Itsgoingtobeabouttheenvironmentwithkindsoffunthingshappen.Ourgeographyteacherwillshowadocumentaryfilmaboutairpollute.Ourscienceteacherisrunningaworkshopwithpracticalideasonwhattodowiththingscanberecycledlikenewspapersandbox.ThenintheeveningDrLyndaPotteraenvironmentalistisgoingtogiveatalk.Itwillbeaboutwhateveryonecandosomethingtohelptheenvironment.Theywillalsobebooksforsaleaboutprotectingtheenvironment.Ithinkitsgoingtobearealgoodday.课时作业二十九Ⅰ.A【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文主要介绍了一种改善植物吸收二氧化碳能力的方法
1.B 细节理解题根据第一段第二句“Forestsandoceansarenaturalcarbonsinksthatabsorbcarbondioxidefromtheatmospherebutsincewevebeenpumpingtoomuchintotheairthosesinkscantkeepup.”可知森林和海洋不能够平衡自然是因为人类排放了过多的二氧化碳故选B
2.A 细节理解题根据第一段最后一句可知增加植物吸收二氧化碳的能力和有效性是应对气候变化的关键故选A
3.D 推理判断题根据最后一段“Ifthosetestsshowthatplantsreallycanbesuperchargedwecouldhaveanewtoolinthefightagainstclimatechangewherenotonlydoweprotecttheamazingcarbon-absorbingforestswehavebutwealsoaddthesesuperplantsoranartificialleaftechnologyusingtheenzymesintoothermixedfields.”和对本段的整体理解可推知这项技术前途光明故选D
4.A 写作意图题第一段点题并结合对全文的整体理解可推知本文主要介绍了一种通过改善植物吸收二氧化碳的能力来应对气候变化的新技术故选AB【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文文章说明了热带雨林在逐渐从地球上消失分析了其消失的原因及带来的后果并提出了对热带雨林保护的新措施
5.A 细节理解题根据第二段第一句“Deforestation滥伐森林oftropicalrainforestshasaglobaleffectthroughspeciesextinction…”可知人类对热带雨林的滥砍滥伐导致了一些物种的消失故选A
6.D 推理判断题根据第五段最后一句“Localpeopleandthegovernmentitselfmustseefinancialreturnstoprovethecostsofmaintainingparksfromeconomicactivities.”可知经济效益对保护热带雨林有一定影响故选D
7.B 推理判断题根据文章大意可知作者阐述了热带雨林正在消失的现状并呼吁找到拯救热带雨林的合理措施故选B
8.C 写作意图题根据全文内容尤其是第三段第二句“Thesolutionmustbebasedonwhatispracticalnotpletelyidealisticandshoulddependondevelopingaconservationapproachbuiltontheprincipleofsustainable不破坏生态平衡的useanddevelopmentofrainforests.”以及第四段第一句“Historicalapproachestorainforestconservationhavefailed…”可知该篇文章的写作目的是呼吁找到拯救热带雨林的合理措施故选CⅡ.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文主要介绍了“地球日”的起源及发展
1.annually 考查词性转换修饰动词的词一般为副词故用副词annually修饰动词celebrated在句子中作状语
2.Founded 考查非谓语动词found和句子的谓语之间没有连词且与表示被动的介词by呼应表示被动完成的概念故填Founded
3.getting 考查动名词根据语境and提示可知此处与动名词helping并列故用getting作介词at的宾语
4.awareness 考查词性转换与语境中定冠词the和介词of呼应可知此处用名词形式
5.which 考查定语从句which引导非限制性定语从句在从句中作主语修饰先行词afire
6.a 考查冠词event是可数名词且在语境中第一次出现故用不定冠词修饰
7.from 考查介词from此处表示“来自”符合语境
8.wasawarded 考查动词的时态和语态事情发生在过去并且award和句子主语Nelson是被动关系故用一般过去时的被动语态
9.activities 考查名词复数根据anentireweekof可知活动是一系列的故用复数形式
10.occurred 考查动词的时态根据时间状语in2017且与语境wasfollowed呼应可知事情发生在过去故用一般过去时填occurredⅢ.NextSundaythetwenty-fiveofOctoberweare或haveanopendayatourschool.Itsgoingtobeabouttheenvironmentwithkindsoffunthingshappen.Ourgeographyteacherwillshowadocumentaryfilmaboutairpollute.Ourscienceteacherisrunningaworkshopwithpracticalideasonwhattodowiththingscanberecycledlikenewspapersandbox.ThenintheeveningDrLyndaPotteraenvironmentalistisgoingtogiveatalk.Itwillbeaboutwhateveryonecandosomethingtohelptheenvironment.Theywillalsobebooksforsaleaboutprotectingtheenvironment.Ithinkitsgoingtobearealgoodday.。