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Unit2WorkingthelandⅠ.阅读理解ABritishshoppersbuy
2.15milliontonnesofclothingandshoesannually,yetUKcitizenshaveanestimated£30billionworthofunusedclothinggatheringdustatthebackofthewardrobe衣柜.Butnewtechnologycouldseetheendofthat,withthegarmentsthemselvesgivingownersagentlereminderoftheirexistence.“Smartclothes”couldhelpusclearoutourwardrobesbysendingmessagesortweetingusiftheyhaventbeenwornforagoodwhile.Ifthesealertsareignored,thegarmentswillgetintouchwithaclothingcharityandasktobereused,withanorganizationautomaticallysendingoutdonationinformation.Theycouldalsobeprogrammedtoputthemselvesupforauction拍卖oneBay.AcademicsatBirminghamCityUniversityaredevelopingthe“connectedwardrobe”toencouragemoresuitableclothesconsumption.Theconceptseesgarmentstagged给……加标签usingwashablecontactlesstechnology.MarkBrill,seniorlectureratBirminghamCityUniversity,said,“Thinkofthesurprisewhenanownersuddenlyreceivesbidsforitemsthattheydidntknowwereintheirwardrobe.”“Theconnectedwardrobeisapractical,pleasantconcepttoencouragepeopletothinkabouttheirclothingconsumption.Finally,Ihopeitwillencouragemoreappropriatefashionconsumption,”headded.“Perhapswecanevenmoveawayfromtheideaof‘ownership’ofclothing.Whenwevewornthemenough,theitemswillpassthemselvesontotheirnextkeeper.”Itfollowsinthefootstepsofthe“InternetofThings”—aconceptthatseesordinaryhouseholditemsconnectingtotheInternetinordertoshareinformation.Fromadjustingyouralarmclocktomonitoringthetemperatureofyourhome,theInternetischangingthewaywelive.Now,the“InternetofClothes”willseethatneglectedgarmentswilltweetandtexttheowners“asking”tobeworndependingontheweatherandfrequencyofwear.Clotheswillkeeptrackofotherinformationsuchaswhoownedthempreviously,aswellashowmuchtheyoriginallycost,whomadethemandhowmuchtheworkerwaspaidforthem.[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了新型的“智能衣服”“智能衣柜”,而这一科技发明可以帮助人们更好地管理自己的衣服,树立正确的消费观念1.Whatdoestheauthorsayabout“smartclothes”?A.TheymaybedonatedoneBay.B.Theyhavegainedinpopularity.C.Theygivewarningsifwornout.D.Theymayberecyclediflongforgotten.解析推理判断题综合文章内容尤其是第一段中的“unusedclothinggatheringdustatthebackofthewardrobe衣柜”和第二段中的“‘Smartclothes’couldhelpusclearoutour...iftheyhaventbeenwornforagoodwhile”“asktobereused”可推知,“智能衣服”会在被搁置许久时发信息提醒主人,如果主人不理会这样的提醒,那么“智能衣服”就会和慈善组织联系,要求被重新使用故选D答案D2.HowdoesMarkBrillfindthe“connectedwardrobe”?A.Ithelpspeoplebuycheaperclothes.B.Itcontributestorightconsumptionattitudes.C.Itchangespeoplesshoppinghabits.D.Itimprovespeoplesconsumerconfidence.解析细节理解题根据第三段中的“‘theconnectedwardrobe’toencouragemoresuitableclothesconsumption”及第四段中的“Theconnectedwardrobeisapractical,pleasantconcepttoencouragepeopletothinkabouttheirclothingconsumption.Finally,Ihopeitwillencouragemoreappropriatefashionconsumption”可知,MarkBrill认为“智能衣柜”有助于鼓励人们树立正确的消费观故选B答案B3.WhatisindicatedinthelastparagraphA.Clothescanbeasourceofinformation.B.Weatheraffectstheconnectedwardrobe.C.Clothesaresoldonlineatalowprice.D.TheInternetisaplatformtoshareitems.解析推理判断题根据最后一段中的“Clotheswillkeeptrackofotherinformationsuchaswhoownedthempreviously,aswellashowmuchtheyoriginallycost...”可知,衣服可以成为信息的来源故选A答案A4.WhatstheauthorsattitudetothenewtechnologyA.Critical. B.Uninterested.C.Approving.D.Skeptical.解析作者态度题纵观全文可知,作者在文中介绍了一项新的科技发明——新型的“智能衣服”“智能衣柜”,重点讲述了该科技发明对人们有什么好处,由此可推知,作者对这种新科技是持赞成的态度的故选C答案CBWhiletheworldisstilldebatingthesafetyofselfdrivingcars,Dubaiispreparingtolaunchanautonomousflyingtaxi.StartinginJuly,theworldsfirstpassengerdrone无人机,theEHANG184,willbeavailabletopassengers.Theshuttle,releasedinLasVegasinJanuary2016,weighs440poundsandcanflyatheightsofupto11500feet.Theeggshapedvehiclehasroomforasinglepassengerweighingupto220poundsandasmallsuitcase.Thoughtheflyingtaxicanreachspeedsofupto100mph,itwilltypicallyoperateatabout62mph.Passengerscanaskfortheflyingtaxitopickthemupfromappointedzonesusingasmartphoneapp.Passengersstrapintotheseat,selectadestinationonthetouchscreen,andenjoytheflight.Toensurethepassengerssafety,allflightsaremonitoredremotelybyacontrolroomontheground.Intheunlikelyeventthatanyoftheponentsmalfunctionordisconnect,thedronewillmakeanemergencylandingtoensurethecustomerssafety.Itsalsoprogrammedtoensureitsroutewontaffectthatofanotherdrone.Whilehavingnocontrolovertheremotelypilotedvehiclemayappearscary,theproducer,ChinabasedEHANG,says,“Itisthesafest,smartestandecofriendlylowaltitudeautonomousflyingvehicle.”Anydrawback?TheEHANG184hasabatterylifeof30minutesandaflightrangeofjust31miles.Alsounknownisthecostofeachride.Thoughtheflyingtaxiseemsadvanced,itisnotthefirstdriverlesstransportationoptionavailabletoDubaisresidents.Aspartofitsgoaltohave25%ofthepublictransportationautomatedby2030,theauthoritieshavebuilttheworldslongestdriverlessmetroandintroducedselfnavigatingshuttles.OfficialsrecentlyalsopartneredwithaUSpanytobuildsupersonicspeedpodstocarrypassengersbetweenDubaiandAbuDhabi.[语篇解读] 本文是一篇科普说明文,主要介绍了一种迪拜正准备投入使用的自动驾驶低空飞行器——EHANG1845.WhatcanwelearnabouttheflyingtaxiA.Apassengercancallforaflyingtaxionline.B.Itcancarryaweightof220poundsatmost.C.Apassengercantouchthescreentocontrolit.D.Itusuallyfliesataspeedof100milesanhour.解析细节理解题根据第三段的第一句“Passengerscanaskfortheflyingtaxitopickthemupfromappointedzonesusingasmartphoneapp.”可知,乘客可以使用智能手机中的软件在指定地方乘坐EHANG184故A项正确答案A6.HowcantheshuttleguaranteethepassengerssafetyinanequipmentfailureA.Itlowersitsflyingspeed.B.Itchangestoanotherroute.C.Itgetshelpfromthecontrolroom.D.Itsprogrammedtolandautonomously.解析细节理解题根据第四段第一句中的“thedronewillmakeanemergencylandingtoensurethecustomerssafety”可知,当遇到紧急情况时,该飞行器可以自动着陆,以保证乘客的安全故D项正确答案D7.WhatisthedrawbackoftheEHANG184A.Itstooscarytorideinit.B.Itcostsalottotakearide.C.Itrunsoutofpowereasily.D.Itonlyfliesatalowaltitude.解析细节理解题根据第四段中的“TheEHANG184hasabatterylifeof30minutesandaflightrangeofjust3lmiles”可知,EHANG184只能连续航行30分钟故C项正确答案C[干扰项分析] 根据第二段第一句中的“weighs440poundsandcanflyatheightsofupto11500feet”可知,EHANG184的飞行高度可达11500英尺,故D项错误;A、B项文中没有提及8.WhichofthefollowingmakestheEHANG184A.ApanyinDubai.B.AChinesepany.C.ApanyinAbuDhabi.D.AnAmericanpany.解析细节理解题根据第四段第三句中的“theproducer,ChinabasedEHANG,says”可知,该空中飞行器是由中国的一家公司制造的故B项正确答案BⅡ.完形填空Amarinebiologistplacedasharkintoalargeholdingtankandthenreleasedseveralsmallbaitfishintothetank.Theresultmetyour1,thesharkquicklyswamacrossthetank,attackedandatethesmallerfish.Thebiologistthen2astrongpieceoffiberglassintothetank,creatingtwo3parts.Shethenputthesharkononesideofthe4fiberglassandanewsetofbaitfishontheother.5,thesharkquicklyattacked.Butthistime,theshark6becauseitknockedhardagainstthefiberglass
7.Determined,thesharkkept8thisbehavioreveryfewminutes,but
9.Meanwhile,thebaitfishswamaround10inthesecondpart.Eventually,theshark11hopeofhunting.Thisexperimentwascarriedoutseveraltimes.Eachtime,thesharkgotless12andmadefewerattemptstoattackthefish,untilit13hittingthefiberglassandsimplystoppedattacking.Thebiologistthen14thefiberglass,butthesharkdidntattack.Thesharkwastrainedtobelievea15existedbetweenitandthebaitfish,16thebaitfishcouldswimwherevertheywished,freefromharm.Manyofus,afterexperiencingsetbacksandfailures,17giveupandstoptrying.Likethesharkinthestory,webelievethat18wewereunsuccessfulinthepast,wewillalwaysbeunsuccessful.19,evenwhenno“real”obstacleexistsbetweenwhereweareandwherewewanttogo,we20seeobstaclesinourheads.[语篇解读] 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文一位海洋生物学家做了一个小实验,作者由这个实验发出感慨我们中的许多人经历过挫折和失败后,会从情感上选择放弃,并停止尝试1.A.demands B.expectationsC.schedulesD.requirements解析实验结果在你的预料expectations之中demand“要求,需求”;schedule“工作计划,日程安排”;requirement“要求,必要条件”答案B2.A.changedB.addedC.insertedD.crashed解析然后这位生物学家把一块坚固的玻璃纤维插入inserted这个水箱里,制造出两个分开的部分add“添加”,常与介词to搭配使用答案C3.A.separateB.oppositeC.connectedD.relevant解析参见上题解析separate“分开的”;opposite“对面的,迥然不同的”;connected“相连的”;relevant“紧密相关的”答案A4.A.delicateB.hiddenC.transparentD.flexible解析根据语境可知,这边的鲨鱼可以看到对面的用作诱饵的鱼,因此生物学家插入水箱的玻璃纤维是透明的transparentdelicate“易碎的”;hidden“隐藏的”;flexible“可弯曲的,有弹性的”答案C5.A.YetB.MeanwhileC.InsteadD.Again解析根据第一段中的“attacked”可知,此处应表示再一次Again,鲨鱼快速对用作诱饵的鱼发起了攻击答案D6.A.bouncedB.pausedC.withdrewD.leapt解析但是这一次,鲨鱼被弹了起来,因为它重重地撞上了玻璃纤维分隔板bounce“使弹起,弹跳”,符合语境pause“停顿”;withdraw“撤回,撤离”;leap“跳跃”答案A7.A.trapperB.catcherC.testerD.divider解析参见上题解析divider“分隔物,分开物”,符合语境trapper“捕杀动物者”;catcher“捕捉器,接球手”;tester“测试员,测试器,试用品”答案D8.A.acplishingB.repeatingC.copyingD.strengthening解析根据上文中的“Determined”和下文中的“Thisexperimentwascarriedoutseveraltimes.Eachtime,thesharkgotless12andmadefewerattemptstoattackthefish”可知,一开始,鲨鱼不断重复repeating这一行为acplish“完成”;copy“复制,模仿”;strengthen“加强”答案B9.A.inorderB.invainC.insecretD.inpain解析尽管鲨鱼不断重复这一行为,但都是白费力气invain“徒劳,白费力气”,符合语境inorder“井然有序,适当”;insecret“秘密地,暗中”;inpain“痛苦地”答案B10.A.unaccustomedB.unchallengedC.unharmedD.unnoticed解析上文提到鲨鱼攻击用作诱饵的鱼的企图都失败了,因此,此处表示“用作诱饵的鱼毫发无伤地四处游动”本段最后一句“thebaitfishcouldswimwherevertheywished,freefromharm”也是提示unaccustomed“不习惯的,不适应的”;unchallenged“未受到过质疑的,未受到过挑战的”;unnoticed“未被注意到的”答案C11.A.divorcedB.declinedC.raisedD.abandoned解析最终,鲨鱼放弃了abandoned捕猎到用作诱饵的鱼的希望divorce“使脱离”;decline“拒绝”;raise“提高”答案D12.A.blindB.aggressiveC.alertD.arbitrary解析每一次,鲨鱼的攻击性都会变得更弱一点aggressive“侵略的,挑衅的”,符合语境blind“盲目的”;alert“警觉的”;arbitrary“任意的”答案B13.A.gotoccupiedwithB.gotinvolvedinC.gottiredofD.gotusedto解析根据下文中的“andsimplystoppedattacking...butthesharkdidntattack”可知,鲨鱼厌倦了gottiredof撞击玻璃纤维getoccupiedwith“忙于”;getinvolvedin“卷入”;getusedto“习惯于”答案C14.A.readjustedB.restoredC.replacedD.removed解析然后,生物学家移除了removed玻璃纤维,但是鲨鱼仍不攻击readjust“再次调整”;restore“恢复”;replace“替换”答案D15.A.barrierB.distanceC.gapD.distinction解析鲨鱼被训练得相信它和用作诱饵的鱼之间有障碍物barrier,因此玻璃纤维被移除后小鱼无所顾忌地四处游动,不受攻击distance“距离”;gap“间隙”;distinction“区别”答案A16.A.soB.butC.asD.for解析参见上题解析前后句之间是因果关系,前面是因,后面是果,故选并列连词so答案A17.A.readilyB.intentionallyC.emotionallyD.physically解析我们中的许多人,在经历挫折和失败后,会从情感上emotionally选择放弃,并停止尝试readily“快捷地,轻而易举地”;intentionally“有意地”;physically“身体上地”答案C18.A.becauseB.thoughC.unlessD.while解析好比这个故事中的鲨鱼,我们认为因为我们过去失败过,所以就永远不会成功此处应用because引导原因状语从句答案A19.A.AboveallB.InotherwordsC.AsaresultD.Inconclusion解析换句话说Inotherwords,我们不断constantly在我们的脑中看到障碍,即使我们所在的位置和我们想要达到的位置之间并没有“真正的”障碍aboveall“最重要的是”;asaresult“结果”;inconclusion“总之”答案B20.A.abruptlyB.constantlyC.eventuallyD.occasionally解析参见上题解析abruptly“突然”;eventually“最终”;occasionally“偶尔”答案BⅢ.短文改错Itisclearshownthatmanymiddleschoolstudentshavephysicalandmentalproblems.68%ofthestudentssurveyinghavestudyinganxietyaswellaspooreyesighttoo.Andalargerpercentagelackssleep.52%areshortofphysicalexercise.42%ofthestudentswontobeyourparentsorteachers.Personally,Ithinkwestudentshouldbalanceourphysicalexerciseandstudies.Withoutsoundbody,onecantachieveanything.However,toomuchattentionhasbeenpaidonlyonstudies.Asaresult,Isuggestwearegivenlesshomeworkormoretimeforoutofclassroomactivities.Onlyinthiswaycanweliveahappyandhealthylife.答案Itisshownthatmanymiddleschoolstudentshavephysicalandmentalproblems.68%ofthestudentshavestudyinganxietyaswellaspooreyesightAndalargerpercentagesleep.52%areshortofphysicalexercise.42%ofthestudentswontobeyparentsorteachers.Personally,Ithinkweshouldbalanceourphysicalexerciseandstudies.Withoutsoundbody,onecantachieveanything.However,toomuchattentionhasbeenpaidonlystudies.Asaresult,Isuggestwegivenlesshomeworkmoretimeforoutofclassroomactivities.Onlyinthiswaycanweliveahappyandhealthylife.。