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Unit2HealthyeatingⅠ.阅读理解ABiologistRobertPitmanandhiscolleaguestrackedorcas,orkillerwhales,andhumpbackwhalesoffthecoastofWesternAustralia.Toresearchfurther,thescientistsattachedatrackertoafemaleorca,whichallowedthemtousesatellitestomonitorhermovements.Theyfollowedherforsixdays.Duringthattime,theorcaattackedeightyounghumpbackwhales.Duringthesevenattacks,theorcakilledthehumpbackwhalecalf幼兽onthreeoccasions.Butthestorydoesntendthere.Humpbackwhalesthemselvesarepopularlythoughttobelargebutgenerally,passivecreatures.Pitmansstudyfindingsmayletpeoplethinkotherwise.Whenchasedbyorcas,humpbackwhalesareknowntotrytooutswimorcas.Theyarethoughttodothisathighspeedsothattheorcascantkeepup.Onsomeoccasions,thehumpbackwhalessoughtoutprotection.Theyswamtoshallowwater,nearbyreefs,orevenundertheresearchersboats.Thesewaysoftenreducedtheattack.Butatothertimes,thehumpbackwhalesdecidedtostayandfight.Astheorcasapproached,themotherhumpbackwouldsometimesmovehercalftoherside,orliftitoutofthewaterusingherheadorflippers.Shealsoblewhugebreathsofairtodisturbtheorcas,andlungedorchargedatthem,slashing劈andslappinghertailandflippers.Perhapsmostsurprisingly,humpbackwhalesalsohaveadult“escorts护卫队”thattrytoprotectcalvesthatarenottheirown,joiningthemotherindefendingthesmallerwhale.Theseescortwhaleseitherchargedattheorcas,orplacedthemselvesbetweentheattackersandcalves,slashingtheirtailsandflippers.Despitetheeffortsofthemotherwhalesandescorts,theorcasweremoreoftenthannotsuccessfulintheirattacks.Butthepresenceoftheescortsdidreducehowmanytimesawhalecalfwaskilled.[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文,主要讲的是科学家使用科学仪器来观察杀人鲸是如何追杀驼背鲸及后者是如何反击和保护幼小的驼背鲸的1.WhatsthepurposeofthescientistsfurtherresearchA.Tokeeparecordofwhaleslivinghabits.B.Toobserveorcashuntinghumpbackwhales.C.Toseewhatlifeordeathbattleswhalesmayface.D.Tofindoutthetechniquesorcasusewhenhunting.解析细节理解题根据文章第一段中的“Toresearchfurther...tousesatellitestomonitorhermovements.Theyfollowedherforsixdays.Duringthattime,theorcaattackedeightyounghumpbackwhales...”可知,科学家进行进一步研究的目的是观察杀人鲸追杀驼背鲸的活动故选B答案B2.WhydidthehumpbackwhalesswimtoshallowwaterA.Toavoidbeingattacked.B.Tohuntforfood.C.Toprotecttheiryoung.D.Totrickthechasers.解析细节理解题根据文章第三段中的“Onsomeoccasions,thehumpbackwhalessoughtoutprotection.Theyswamtoshallowwater,nearbyreefs,orevenundertheresearchersboats.”可知,驼背鲸游至浅水区是出于自身的安全考虑,为了避免被攻击故选A答案A3.WhatismainlytalkedaboutinParagraph4A.Whyhumpbackwhalesfallvictimtoorcas.B.Howhumpbackwhalesprotecttheircalves.C.Thegreatmotherloveofhumpbackwhales.D.Smallerhumpbackwhaleswaysofsurviving.解析段落大意题根据第四段的内容可知,本段主要讲的是在面对杀人鲸的攻击时,驼背鲸是如何进行反击来保护自己的幼崽的故B项最能概括本段的主旨要义答案B4.WhatdoesPitmansstudyfindA.Orcasaresuccessfulintheirattacks.B.Itsnoteasyfororcastoobtainfood.C.Humpbackwhalesswimfasterthanorcas.D.Humpbackwhalescouldbeactiveanimals.解析推理判断题第二段提到“Humpbackwhalesthemselvesarepopularlythoughttobelargebutgenerally,passivecreatures.Pitmansstudyfindingsmayletpeoplethinkotherwise.”,驼背鲸一般被认为是大型的但是通常被动的生物,Pitman的研究发现可能会让人不这么认为下文接着讲了面对杀人鲸的攻击时,驼背鲸所采取的一些应对方式,其中包含积极迎击故选D答案DBOperaisanartformthatcelebratesthehumanvoice.Nootherartformcreatesexcitementandmovestheheartinthewaythatoperadoes,especiallywhenperformedbyagreatsinger.OperaisanimportantpartoftheWesternclassicalmusictradition.Itusesmusic,words,andactionstobringadramaticstorytolife.OperastartedinItalyattheendofthe16thcenturyandlaterbecamepopularthroughoutEurope.Overtheyears,ithasrespondedtovariousmusicals.Inrecentdecades,muchwideraudienceshavebeenintroducedtooperathroughmodernrecordingtechnology.Somesingershavebeecelebritiesthankstoperformingonradio,onTV,andinthecinema.However,inrecentyears,operahasbeenfacingseriouschallenges.Onecurrentchallengetooperaiseconomics.Theshortageofmoneyraisesthebroaderquestionofhowmuchshouldbepaidtosupportoperasingersandotherartists.Societyseemstoacceptthelargesalariespaidtobusinessmanagersandthemultimilliondollarcontractsgiventosportsathletes.ButwhataboutoperasingersSomehow,peoplehavetheideathatartistscanbecreativeonlyiftheysufferinpoverty,butthisisunrealistic.Ifartists,includingoperasingers,lackthesupporttheyneed,valuabletalentiswasted.Notonlytheshortageofmoney,butalsothewaymoneyismanagedintheoperaworldhasledtohardships.Principalsingersaregenerallypaidperformancefeesoncetheypleteashow.Theytypicallyreceivenothingduringthemanyweeksofrehearsal排练beforeashowstarts.Anotherproblemfacedbyoperaishowtomeetthedemandsofaudienceswhoareinfluencedbypopularentertainment.Popsingersareoftenjudgedasmuchonthebasisofhowtheylookashowtheysound.Thesedemandsmaybeunrealisticandpossiblyharmful.Operasingerssimplycannotmakeasoundbigenoughtofillalargetheaterorconcerthallwithoutamicrophoneiftheirbodyweightistoolow.Emphasizingphysicalappearanceoversingingabilitymaycauseaudiencestomissoutonthehumanvoiceatitsbest.Therearenoeasysolutionstooperasproblemsandtherearemanydifferentopinionsaboutthevalueofopera.However,everyyearmanyyoungpeopleregisterformusiccourseswithhopesanddreamsofdevelopingtheirtalentinthisspecialartform.Thefactthatoperahassurvivedmanyobstaclesandcontinuestoattracttherisinggenerationshowsthatitremainsarespectableartformfullofvalue.[语篇解读] 本文主要讨论了歌剧所面临的挑战和困难5.WhichofthestatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassageA.Operasingerslifestoriesaredramatic.B.OperawillsoonappearonTVandinfilms.C.Operafansthankcelebritiesforperforming.D.Operadevelopsbyadaptingtonewconditions.解析推理判断题根据第一段中的“Overtheyears,ithasrespondedtovariousmusicals.”可推知,歌剧适应新的状况而得以发展,故选D答案D6.WhatcanweknowfromParagraphs2and3A.Operasingersarefinanciallyinsecure.B.Operasingerswastetheirvaluabletalent.C.Operasingersgetpaidbeforetheshow.D.Operasingersperformbetteriftheyarepoor.解析细节理解题根据第二段第二句“Onecurrentchallengetooperaiseconomics.”以及第三段第一句“Notonlytheshortageofmoney,butalsothewaymoneyismanagedintheoperaworldhasledtohardships.”可知,歌剧演唱家的经济是有问题的,不安全的,故选A答案A7.WhatdoestheauthortrytosayinParagraph4A.Popularculturehashadapositiveinfluenceonopera.B.Audiencesknowbesthowoperashouldbeperformed.C.Microphonesshouldbeusedtomakeoperamoreenjoyable.D.Operasingersvoicesshouldbevaluedmorethantheirlooks.解析推理判断题根据第四段最后一句“Emphasizingphysicalappearanceoversingingabilitymaycauseaudiencestomissoutonthehumanvoiceatitsbest.”可知,歌剧演唱家的声音要比外貌重要得多,故选D答案D8.WhatwouldbethebesttitleforthispassageA.TheEconomicChallengetoOperaB.OperaFacedwiththeDifficultiesC.OperaasPartofPopularCultureD.TheHistoricalContextofOpera解析标题归纳题根据最后一段第一句“Therearenoeasysolutionstooperasproblemsandtherearemanydifferentopinionsaboutthevalueofopera.”并结合全文的整体内容可知,本文主要讨论的是歌剧所面临的问题和挑战,故选B答案BⅡ.完形填空AlbertEinstein,whowasborninGermanyin1879,isknownasoneofthegreatestscientistsintheworld.Whenhewasalittleboy,hewasslowtotalkandhad1learningtoread.Healwayspreferredstayingaloneandthinking
2.Attheageof20,EinsteinstudiedattheSwissFederalUniversityofTechnologyinZurich.OnceEinsteinaskedhis3“Howcanaperson,4me,leavehisdistinctfootprintsontheroadoflifeandmakeanoutstanding5inthescientificfield?”Itwasa6problem.Thetutorsaidthathehadto7itcarefullyandthengavehimananswer.Afterthreedays,thetutortoldEinsteinthatthe8wasing!He9Einsteintowalktowardabuildingsiteandsetfeetonthecement水泥groundthattheconstructionworkershadjustpaved.Intheworkersscolding,Einsteinwas10toaskhistutor,“Sir,arentyoumisleadingme?”“Right,exactly!”thetutorsaid.“Haveyouseenit?Onlyonthe11pavedroadcanyouleaveyourfootprints,whileyoucant12yourfootprintsonthoseoldroadsthathavebeensteppedbycountless
13.”Afterhearingwhathesaid,Einsteinwaslostindeepthoughtandanopenandclearway14inhismind.Sincethen,avery15senseofinnovation创新andpioneeringconsciousnessbegan16Einsteinsthinkingandaction.Hesaid,“Inever17whatdictionariesandtextbookscarry;Mymindonlyremembersthosethingsthatarenot18inbooks.”Itwasforsuchareason19Einsteinlefthisdeepsparklingfootprintsinthehistoryof
20.[语篇解读] 本文为一篇记叙文爱因斯坦的大学导师巧妙地回答了爱因斯坦一个有关人生的问题,从而使爱因斯坦找到了自己的人生之路1.A.fun B.pleasureC.difficultyD.luck解析根据本句中的“slowtotalk”可知他在学习读书方面有困难havedifficultyindoingsth.为固定结构,意为在做……方面有困难答案C2.A.proudlyB.deeplyC.highlyD.roughly解析根据本句中的“preferredstayingalone”以及常识可知本题答案为deeply答案B3.A.assistantB.partnerC.staffD.tutor解析根据本段最后一句中的“Thetutorsaid...”可知答案为tutor导师assistant“助手”;partner“同伴”;staff“全体职工”答案D4.A.asforB.inspiteofC.likeD.except解析一个像like我这样的人如何才能在人生道路上留下清晰的足迹,在科学领域做出杰出的贡献contribution呢?答案C5.A.contributionB.reputationC.decisionD.impression解析解析见上句contribution“贡献”;reputation“名声”;decision“决定”;impression“印象”答案A6.A.plexB.flexibleC.satisfyingD.amusing解析根据下句导师的话可知爱因斯坦提出的问题很难回答,故答案为plex复杂的答案A7.A.refertoB.dealwithC.argueoverD.thinkabout解析学生提出一个很复杂的问题,老师要认真思索thinkaboutitcarefully,然后再给出答案答案D8.A.momentB.answerC.problemD.footprints解析根据上段最后一句中的“ananswer”可知答案为answer答案B9.A.pulledB.forcedC.remindedD.allowed解析他拉着pulled爱因斯坦朝建筑工地走去force“迫使”;remind“提醒”;allow“允许”答案A10.A.satisfiedB.delightedC.confusedD.concerned解析爱因斯坦是迷惑的confusedsatisfied“满意的”;delighted“高兴的”;concerned“担心的”答案C11.A.formallyB.newlyC.originallyD.previously解析根据常识可知只有新newly铺的水泥路才能留下脚印故答案为B项答案B12.A.measureB.remainC.leaveD.remove解析然而那些被无数人humans踩过的老路,你不能留下leave脚印答案C13.A.scientistsB.studentsC.musiciansD.humans解析解析见上题scientists“科学家”;students“学生”;musicians“音乐家”;humans“人”答案D14.A.aroseB.appreciatedC.absorbedD.accumulated解析arise意为出现,符合句意appreciate“欣赏,感激”;absorb“吸收”;accumulate“积累”答案A15.A.strangeB.sweetC.slightD.strong解析从此,一种强烈的strong创新和开拓意识开始主导着governing爱因斯坦的思维和行动strange“奇怪的”;sweet“甜蜜的”;slight“轻微的”答案D16.A.equippingB.governingC.guardingD.questioning解析解析见上题equip“装备”;govern“主导”;guard“保卫”;question“问”答案B17.A.masterB.undertakeC.updateD.memorize解析此空与下文中的“remembers”相对应,故答案为memorizemaster“精通,掌握”;undertake“从事”;update“更新”答案D18.A.inventedB.employedC.includedD.equipped解析我从不记忆字典、课本上的东西,我只记忆书中不包括included的那些东西invent“发明”;employ“雇用”;equip“装备”答案C19.A.thatB.whyC.whatD.when解析本句为强调句型,被强调部分为forsuchareason强调句型是Itis/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他成分,故答案为that答案A20.A.biologyB.scienceC.medicineD.literature解析根据第二段中的“...inthescientificfield”及常识可知选science答案BⅢ.短文改错DearDiana,YesterdaymyfriendDavidcameroundwithanewgameandaskedtoplayitbymydadsputer.Iwasalittleworried,becausemydaduseditmainlyforhiswork,andImonlyallowedtouseitformyhomework.Ithappenedwhenmydadwasout,sowetriedoutthegame.Afterplaying,Itookitofftheputer.However,whenIrestartedputer,Ifoundsomeofmydadsdocumentsmiss.Laterintheafternoon,mydadusedtheputer,butcouldntfindthedocumentinit.Hebecameveryangry,butIdarednottotellhimaboutthegame.NowImfeelingregretfulanddisturbing.Imnotsurewhetheraputersrepairshopcangetthedocumentsback.ShouldItellhimthetruth,andshouldIpaytorepairitIwishforyouradvice.Yoursever,Steve答案DearDiana,YesterdaymyfriendDavidcameroundwithanewgameandaskedtoplayitmydadsputer.Iwasalittleworried,becausemydaditmainlyforhiswork,andImonlyallowedtouseitformyhomework.Ithappenedmydadwasout,sowetriedoutthegame.Afterplaying,Itookitofftheputer.However,whenIrestartedputer,IfoundsomeofmydadsdocumentsLaterintheafternoon,mydadusedtheputer,butcouldntfindtheinit.Hebecameveryangry,butIdarednottellhimaboutthegame.NowImfeelingregretfulandImnotsurewhetherarepairshopcangetthedocumentsback.ShouldItellhimthetruth,shouldIpaytorepairitIwishforyouradvice.Yoursever,Steve。