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Unit4SharingⅠ.阅读理解APatientsintheearlystagesofAlzheimersdiseaseoftenstruggletorememberrecentlylearnedinformationmeaningtheyforgetthingslikeimportantappointmentsorwheretheylefttheirkeys.Butitseemsthatthesememoriesarenotlost.Theyarestillfiledawayinthebrainsomewhere;theyjustcantbeeasilyaccessed.NowresearchersatMIThavedevelopedameansofgettingbackmemoriesinmicesufferingfromAlzheimers.Themethodreliesonatechniquethatuseslighttocontrolgeneticallymodifiedneurons转基因神经元.Currentlyitistooearlytobeusedinhumantrialsasitinvolvesinsertinglightemitting发光equipmentintothesubjectsbrainsbutthesameprinciplesstillapplytheresearcherssaid.“Theimportantpointisthatthisisevidenceoftheconcept.Thatisevenifamemoryseemstobegoneitisstillthere.Itsamatterofhowtogetitback,”saidtheseniorresearcherSusumuTonegawa.TheteamtooktwogroupsofmiceonegeneticallyengineeredtodevelopAlzheimersandonehealthy.Theythenplacedthemintoaroomandgavethemamildelectricshock.Allofthemiceshowedfearwhenputbackanhourlater.WhenplacedintheroomathirdtimeseveraldayslatertheAlzheimersmiceactednormally.Theyhadforgottentheshock.Theresearcherswerethenabletobringbackthememoryoftheshockbyactivating激活thecellsinwhichthememorieswerestored.Evenwhenthemicewereputintoanunfamiliarroomtheyshowedfearwhenthecellsassociatedwiththeshockwereactivated.“Shorttermmemoriesseemtobenormalinorderofhours.ButforlongtermmemoriestheseearlyAlzheimersmiceseemtobedamaged,”saidtheleadresearcherDheerajRoy.“Directlyactivatingthecellsthatwebelieveareholdingthememoryhelpsthemgetitback.Thissuggeststhatitisindeedanaccessproblemtotheinformationnotthattheyareunabletolearnorstorethismemory.”[语篇解读] 本文主要介绍了利用光控制转基因神经元使早老性痴呆病患者恢复记忆的技术1.WhatcanwelearnabouttheresearchersatMITA.Theyarethepioneersofbrainresearch.B.Theyhaveusedthemethodinhumantrials.C.TheycancureAlzheimersusingthenewmethod.D.TheycangetbackmemoriesinmicewithAlzheimers.解析细节理解题根据第二段的第一句“Now,researchersatMIThavedevelopedameansofgettingbackmemoriesinmicesufferingfromAlzheimers.”可知,他们能够使患有早老性痴呆病的老鼠恢复记忆答案D2.WhydidtheAlzheimersmicebehavenormallythethirdtimeA.Theyfailedtoremembertheelectricshock.B.Theywereaccustomedtothesituation.C.Theymanagedtooverethefear.D.Theyactivatedtheassociationautomatically.解析细节理解题根据第四段的“theAlzheimersmiceactednormally.Theyhadforgottentheshock.”可知,这些老鼠忘记了受到的电击答案A3.ForlongtermmemoriestheearlyAlzheimersmice.A.cantransformtheirbraincellsB.cantlearnnewtrickswellC.caneasilygetbacktheirmemoriesD.cantaccesstheinformationstored解析推理判断题根据最后一段的“Butforlongtermmemories,theseearlyAlzheimersmiceseemtobedamaged”和“Directlyactivating...thismemory”可知,对于长期记忆来说,这些处于早老性痴呆病早期的老鼠因为脑细胞已经被损害,不能获得这种已经储存的信息答案D4.Themainpurposeofthetextisto.A.introduceamethodofaresearchB.reportthelatestdiscoveryaboutadiseaseC.giveadviceonhowtoimprovememoriesD.explainhowabrainstoresinformation解析作者意图题通读全文可知,本文的主要目的是报道关于早老性痴呆病的最新发现答案BBIfyoufollowedthe2016OlympicGamesyoumayhavenoticedthatseveralathletesincludingUSswimmerMichaelPhelpshadcircularbruisesontheirbodies.Thesebruisesweretheresultof“cupping拔火罐therapy”,atraditionalChinesemedicinalpracticethathasbeenaroundformorethan2000years.Manyathletessaythattheyhavebenefitedfromthetherapy.Phelpsusedthetherapyinthefallof2014andhasuseditabouttwiceaweeksincereportedABCNews.AnotherUSswimmerDanaVollmeralsobelievesthat“itreallyhelpswithbloodflow”.Howeversomehavesaidthatthesupposedhealtheffectsresultfrompeoplesfeelingthatthetreatmentworksratherthananyphysicaleffectofthetreatment.TofigureoutcuppingtherapyhasanyphysicaleffectlastyearresearchersfromGermanycarriedoutatestinwhichafalsetreatmentwasprovided.Inthestudythesametypeofcupswasusedintherealtreatmentandthefalsetreatment.Butinthefalsetreatment,thecupshadaholeatthetopsothattheycouldntcreatethepropersuction吸力.Thetestedpatientswhosufferedfromadisorderthatcausedalotofpainweretoldthattheywouldreceiveeithertraditionalcuppingor“softcupping”.Buttheywerenotinformedthatthesocalled“softcupping”wasafalsetreatment.Itturnedoutthatmostpatientscorrectlyguessedwhichkindofcuppingtheyhadreceived.Inbothgroupspatientsalsoexperiencedaboutthesamereductionsinpain.“Theresultssuggesttheeffectsofcuppingtherapymightefromfactorsthatarenotnecessarilypartofthetreatmentitself,”theresearcherstoldtheLiveSciencewebsite.Thequestionofwhethercuppingtherapyworksstillneedstobeanswered.“Butbecausethetreatmentisrelativelysafeanditcouldbehelpfulforsomepeoplethetherapycanbeusedaspartofaprehensivetreatmentprograminvolvingotherexercisesnutritionalchoicesandlifestylechanging,”DrBrentBauerdirectoroftheUSplementaryandIntegrativeMedicineProgramatMayoClinictoldLiveScience.[语篇解读] 本文主要介绍了中国传统医疗方式拔火罐的实际疗效问题5.WhyisMichaelPhelpsmentionedinthepassageA.Togiveathletesanewwaytoswimfaster.B.Toprovideathleteswithanewwayoftreatment.C.Tointroducethetopiconcuppingtherapy.D.Toshowswimmerssufferfromdisorders.解析推理判断题根据文章前两段的整体内容可推知,提到运动员菲尔普斯是为了导入文章的话题,即拔火罐疗法是否有效,故选C答案C6.ThepurposeofthetestbyresearchersfromGermanywasto.A.promotethehealtheffectsofcuppingtherapyB.seewhethercuppingtherapyhasaphysicaleffectC.paretraditionalcuppingwithsoftcuppingD.parecuppingtherapyseffectsondifferentgroupsofpeople解析细节理解题根据第四段整体内容可知,实验的目的是验证拔火罐是否真的有效答案B7.WhatcanbelearnedfromthepassageA.Differentpeopleneeddifferenttypesofcuppingtherapy.B.Therealtreatmentandfalsetreatmentalmosthavethesameeffects.C.Theresultsshowthatcuppingtherapyisnotpartofthetreatment.D.Cuppingtherapyisonlyeffectivewhenusedwithlifestylechanging.解析细节理解题根据倒数第二段的“Inbothgroups,patientsalsoexperiencedaboutthesamereductionsinpain.”可知,实验表明两种不同的拔火罐方法效果是一样的答案B8.AccordingtoDrBrentBauercuppingtherapy.A.isafastandeasytreatmentforpeopletocarryoutB.isanewlyinventedwaytocuresomediseasesC.needsalongperiodoftimetotakeeffectD.canbeusedtogetherwithothertreatments解析细节理解题根据最后一段中的“Butbecausethetreatmentisrelativelysafeanditcouldbehelpfulforsomepeople,thetherapycanbeusedaspartofaprehensivetreatmentprograminvolvingotherexercises,nutritionalchoicesandlifestylechanging”可知,DrBrentBauer认为拔火罐可以和其他方法一起配合治疗答案DⅡ.完形填空A14yearoldChineseboyovercametwoofhumankindsmostdreadedfears—gettingstuckinanelevatorandgettinghomeworkdoneinasinglenightthankstohisquickwitted反应敏捷的character.SunYixiaowasonhiswayuplastTuesdayeveningafterschoolwhentheliftsuddenlystopped.Amomentof1followedbeforetheteenagerdecidedtotake2intohisownhandsandfindawayout.Sunsaidhetriedtopry撬theelevatordooropen,but3therecouldbeamalfunction机器故障thatwouldsendtheelevator4afreefall,he5theideaandinstead6againstthewall.Hethenpressedallthebuttonsinthehopeofgettingtheelevatortoworkagain,butinvain.Sunthenpushedthe“Stop”buttontolocktheelevatorandmakesureitwouldntmove.7acellphoneathand,Suntried8togettheattentionofpeopleoutside,butnooneresponded9timepassedby.Buttheyoungboydidntgiveup.Heslippedanote10thedoorwiththemessage“Peoplestuckinside;pleaseaskthepropertymanagement物业forhelp”andhopedsomeonewouldpickitupandactiton.After11allhisoptions,the12kiddecidedtotendtohishomeworknotknowinghowlongitwouldtake13someonefoundhim.Hetookouthistextbooksand14himselfwithhisdailyhomeworkroutine.Soonafterhefinishedhisduties,Sunheardloudvoicesingfrom
15.“Therewasalargecrowdoutside,includingmyteachersandotherparents;peoplelookedquite16,”Sunsaidthemomenthewasrescued.Hehadbeentrappedforfivehoursbythehelparrived.OnChinasTwitterlikeWeibo,manynetizens17theboysbraveryandcalmnessinthefaceofsuch
18.“Theguymusthave19theadvantagesanddisadvantagesofthesituation hehadagreatchancetosurvivean20elevator,butwouldhavebeendoomedifhelefthomeworkundone,”joked@Zealshifang.[语篇解读] 本文主要讲述了中国14岁男孩儿孙轶潇在电梯出了故障后不仅没有惊慌失措,最后还把作业做完了的故事1.A.panic B.excitementC.confusionD.depression解析与上文的“fears”呼应,主人公在电梯突然停止后,随之而来的是惊慌panic“惊慌”;excitement“激动”;confusion“困惑”;depression“抑郁”答案A2.A.materialsB.substancesC.mattersD.events解析根据下文的“findawayout”可推知,主人公决定自己处理这种意外情况,与上文的“overcame”呼应takemattersintoonesownhands固定搭配,意为“亲自处理某事”答案C3.A.consideringB.tellingC.understandingD.ignoring解析根据语境可知,主人公试图撬电梯,但考虑到电梯出了故障可能会自由下坠consider“考虑”答案A4.A.ontoB.intoC.withinD.from解析sendsth.intosth.为固定词组,意为“使进入某种状态”,此处表示“使电梯自由下落”答案B5.A.formedB.abandonedC.rejectedD.accepted解析根据上文的“but”和下文的“instead”可推知,主人公放弃了自己之前的想法abandon“抛弃,放弃”答案B6.A.stoodB.layC.kneltD.leaned解析根据常识可知,在电梯出故障时,最好靠着电梯内墙lean“靠在”答案D7.A.WithB.WithoutC.ThroughD.By解析根据语境可知,主人公手边没有手机,故用Without表示“没有”答案B8.A.screamingB.cryingC.whisperingD.yelling解析根据空后的“togettheattentionofpeopleoutside”可推知,主人公当时大声喊叫,希望有人能够听到,以便得到帮助yell“叫喊”答案D9.A.withB.asC.whenD.while解析此处as引导时间状语从句,意为“随着”,表示“随着时间的流逝,没有人回应他”答案B10.A.fromB.byC.throughD.across解析根据语境可知,困在电梯里的主人公通过电梯门缝塞出求救便条through“穿过”,表示立体概念;across“横过”,表示平面概念答案C11.A.exhaustingB.wearingC.pletingD.finishing解析根据语境可推知,主人公用尽了各种能想到的求救办法,都没有得到回应exhaust“耗尽,使筋疲力尽”答案A12.A.handsomeB.terrifiedC.practicalD.modest解析根据语境可知,主人公决定做作业,这说明他是一个务实的practical孩子答案C13.A.beforeB.afterC.whenD.until解析此处表示“在有人发现他之前”,符合语境,故用before引导时间状语从句答案A14.A.occupiedB.chargedC.devotedD.abandoned解析occupysb.withsth.为固定词组,意为“使某人忙于某事”,结合语境可知,主人公开始埋头做作业了答案A15.A.insideB.outsideC.upsideD.downside解析根据上文的“togettheattentionofpeopleoutside”可推知,后来主人公听到外面有很大的声音,与下文的“Therewasalargecrowdoutside,includingmyteachersandotherparents”呼应答案B16.A.relievedB.delightedC.scaredD.puzzled解析根据“hewasrescued”可推知,当主人公得救时,人们都松了一口气relieved“感到宽慰的”答案A17.A.cheeredupB.thumbedupC.warmedupD.builtup解析根据“braveryandcalmness”可推知,微博上许多网民对主人公的勇敢和冷静评价很高thumbup“竖起大拇指,评价很高”答案B18.A.emergencyB.incidentC.accidentD.event解析主人公被困在故障电梯中,这是一种紧急状况emergency“紧急情况”;incident“小事件”;accident“意外,交通事故”;event“公开活动,重大事件”答案A19.A.paredB.figuredC.imaginedD.weighed解析根据语境可知,此处表示主人公认真权衡weighed了利弊答案D20.A.outoforderB.outofdateC.outofbalanceD.outofshape解析根据上文的多处描述可知,电梯出现故障outoforder“有故障的”答案AⅢ.短文改错ThismorningIgotanemailfromthelibrary.ItsaidthebookIreservedwasreadytobepickingup.BecauseIhadalwaysbeenwaitingtoreaditsoatthatmomentIwasveryexciting.OutsidethelibraryIsawthemandrivingaroundthesmallparkinglottrytofindaparkingspace.Heheadforthedisabledparkingspacetheonlyonethatwasfree.Hegotoffhiscarwithapileoflibrarybooktoreturn.SeeingthatIofferedtoreturnthemtohim.Hethankedmeandjumpedquickinhiscaranddroveoffkeepingthedisabledparkingspacefreeforsomeoneneededit.答案ThismorningIgotanemailfromthelibrary.ItsaidthebookIreservedwasreadytobeup.BecauseIhadalwaysbeenwaitingtoreaditatthatmomentIwasvery.OutsidethelibraryIsawmandrivingaroundthesmallparkinglottofindaparkingspace.Heforthedisabledparkingspacetheonlyonethatwasfree.Hegotoffhiscarwithapileoflibrarytoreturn.SeeingthatIofferedtoreturnthemhim.Hethankedmeandjumpedinhiscaranddroveoffkeepingthedisabledparkingspacefreeforsomeoneneededit.。