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(十一)Ⅰ.完形填空AccesstoelectricityhasalwaysbeenlimitedforpeoplelivinginNuevoSaposoaaremotevillageinPeru.HoweverthingswentfrombadtoworseinMarch2015__1__aflooddamagedthepowerstationinthearea.Thevillagerswere__2__toturntokerosene煤油lampswhicharenotonlyexpensivebutalso__3__becauseofthepoisonousmattertheygiveoff.__4__,theresearchersandstudentsattheUniversidaddeIngenieríayTecnologíaUTECinLimaPeruheardabouttheir__5__situationandcameupwithacreativesolution.They__6__alampthatcanbepoweredbyplantsandsoilbothofwhichcanbefound__7__intheAmazonianrainforestswherethevillageislocated.CalledPlantalámparasthe__8__drawsenergyfromaplantgrowinginawoodenboxandusesitto__9__anLEDbulb.Whilethatmaysoundplicatedandevenimpossibleitisquite__10__.Thewasteproducedbyplantsundergoesoxidization氧化作用inthesoilwhichproduceselectrons电子.TheUTECteamplacedelectrodes电极insidethesoilto__11__theenergyandstoreitinthelampsbatteriesfor__12__use.TheresearcherssayasinglechargecanlightanLEDbulbfortwohours—enough__13__forpeopletogettheireveningchoresdone.Theuniversity__14__tensuchlampstoNuevoSaposoainOctober
2015.Sofartheyhavebeenahuge__15__!ElmerRamirezUTECsprofessorbelievestheplantpoweredlampscouldalsohelpimprovethelivesofthousandsofother__16__rainforestmunities42%ofwhichhavenoaccessto__17__.Thisisnotthe__18__timethestudentsandprofessorsofUTEChaveeupwithan__19__solutiontoaproblem.In2014todealwithPerussevere__20__pollutiontheycreatedalargeadvertisingboardthatcouldbeusedasanairpurifier净化器aswell!语篇解读本文是说明文秘鲁UTEC大学的师生为了解决偏远乡村用电难的问题发明了一种利用植物和土壤供电的灯1.A.after B.thoughC.unlessD.until解析选A 根据本句中的“frombadtoworse”可知,在洪水毁了当地的发电站“后after”,NuevoSaposoa村用电难的问题更加严重2.A.advisedB.taughtC.askedD.forced解析选D 没有电,村民们“被迫forced”使用煤油灯3.A.disappointingB.inconvenientC.strangeD.dangerous解析选D 根据本空后的“thepoisonousmatter”可知,使用煤油灯很“危险dangerous”4.A.FortunatelyB.SuddenlyC.CertainlyD.Usually解析选A 根据下文内容可知,“幸运的是Fortunately”,UTEC大学的师生们想出了一个好主意帮助村民5.A.realB.embarrassingC.badD.unstable解析选C 根据上文内容可知,NuevoSaposoa村的村民无电可用,情况很“糟糕bad”6.A.boughtB.designedC.discoveredD.repaired解析选B 根据本空后的“alampthatcanbepoweredbyplantsandsoil”可知,他们“设计出designed”一种利用植物和土壤供电的灯7.A.indetailB.intimeC.inharmonyD.inabundance解析选D 只有制作新型灯的材料容易获得,这项发明才有可能得到广泛使用故此处inabundance大量地符合语境8.A.villageB.lampC.rainforestD.soil解析选B 根据本空前的Called和本空后的“drawsenergy”可知,这种“灯lamp”名叫Plantalámparas,从植物中获取电能9.A.lightupB.makeupC.giveupD.useup解析选A 本空前的it指代本句中的energy,表示这种灯利用从植物中获得的电能“点亮lightup”LED灯泡10.A.widespreadB.straightforwardC.wellknownD.laborsaving解析选B 本句开头的While表示对比或相反的情况,因此这里指尽管从植物中获取电能听上去很复杂,甚至不可能,但其实并“不难straightforward”11.A.wasteB.saveC.produceD.direct解析选C 根据本空前的“placedelectrodes电极insidethesoil”可知,UTEC大学的团队把电极放进土壤就是为了“发produce”电12.A.additionalB.freeC.regularD.later解析选D 根据本句中的store可知,把电能存进电池里是为了“以后的later”使用13.A.energyB.spaceC.timeD.brightness解析选C 根据本空前的“twohours”可知,两个小时的“时间time”足够人们完成夜间琐事了14.A.distributedB.soldC.lentD.returned解析选A 根据上文内容可知,UTEC大学的师生发明这种新型灯就是为了帮助NuevoSaposoa村的村民,所以他们完成发明后给该村“分发了distributed”十个这种灯15.A.successB.challengeC.changeD.surprise解析选A 根据下句中的“couldalsohelp...”可知,这些灯很“成功success”,所以UTEC大学的教授认为它们也可以被推广到其他地方16.A.nearbyB.smallC.remoteD.ancient解析选C 解析见下题17.A.educationB.electricityC.technologyD.entertainment解析选B 根据上文内容可知,UTEC大学的师生为了解决偏远乡村NuevoSaposoa村用电难的问题才发明了这种灯,因此这里指将这种灯推广到其他用“电electricity”难的“偏远的remote”乡村18.A.bestB.firstC.accurateD.normal解析选B 解析见下题19.A.cleverB.simpleC.temporaryD.immediate解析选A 根据下句内容可知,这不是UTEC大学的师生“第一次first”想出这么“聪明的clever”点子20.A.noiseB.waterC.airD.vehicle解析选C 根据本句中的“anairpurifier净化器”可知,这个也可以充当空气净化器的广告牌是用来应对秘鲁严重的“空气air”污染的Ⅱ.任务型阅读2019·南京三模WhatCanWeLearnfromAmishPeopleManypeoplethinkoftheAmishaslivingwithoutmoderntechnology.ThesemunitiesmainlylocatedinPennsylvaniaOhioandIndianagowithoutcarsTVsputersphonesoreventheelectricityneededtorunsomanyof21stcenturydevices.ButwhatresearcherswhohavestudiedthemhavefoundiswhattheAmishhaveasurplusof:goodhealthinlatelife.TheaverageAmericanlifeexpectancyiscurrentlyjustunder79years.Backin1900itwasonly47butforearly20thcenturyAmishitwasalreadygreaterthan
70.OverthedecadesmostAmericanshavecaughtupinoveralllifeexpectancybuttheAmishstillhaveasignificantedgeinlatelifehealthwithlowerratesofcancercardiovasculardiseasediabetesandmore.SohowdotheydoitStartwithlifestyle.Amishmunitiesareagrarianwithnomodernfarmequipmentmeaningalltheworkhastobedonebyhand.In2004theAmericanCollegeofSportsMedicinefittedAmishvolunteerswithpedometerstodeterminehowmuchphysicalactivitytheyperformed.Theresultsweredramatic.Amishmentook18425stepsadayandwomen14196stepsparedwithnonAmishpeoplewhoareencouragedbydoctorstoshootforatleast10000steps—andtypicallyfail.Includingotherformsofmanuallabour—liftingchoppingsowingplanting—theAmisharesixtimesasactiveasarandomsampleofpeoplefrom12countries.Oneresultofthisisthatonly4%ofAmishpeopleareobeseparedwith
36.5%oftheoverallUSpopulation.AmishchildrenareaboutonethirdaslikelyasnonAmishtobeobeseaccordingtoa2012studyinPLOSOne.Thismeans50%lowerratesofType2diabetes.ThenearabsenceoftobaccointheAmishmunity—somemendosmokecigars—resultsina63%lowerrateoftobaccorelatedcancersaccordingtoa2004studyofOhiosAmishpopulation.TheAmishalsohadratesofallcancersthatwere40%lowerthantherestoftheOhiopopulation.CardiovasculardiseaseisoneareainwhichtheAmishdonthaveanedgewithbloodpressureandheartdiseaseratesslightlyhigherthanthoseofotherpopulations.SomeofthismightbeattributedtotheAmishdietwhichisheavyonpancakeseggsandsausageforbreakfast;andmeatpotatoesgravyandbreadfordinner.Workingthefarmcanburnoffthosecaloriesbutallthefatandsaltandcarbsstillhaveabadeffect.ThemostpowerfulweaponintheAmishlonglifearsenalhowevermaybegenes.TheAmishpopulationintheUSisabout318000descendedfromjust200familiesthatimmigratedinthe1700s.TheymostlymarrywithintheirownmunitieswhichmeansthegenesthatexistedwhentheirancestorsgottoAmericahaveremained.Thatcanbeadangerousthingifbadgenesarehiddeninthemixbutagoodthingifthegenesaresound.WhilenomunityiswithoutgeneticproblemstheAmishseemtohavegottenaluckydraw.InastudyreleasedlastNovemberresearchersannouncedthediscoveryofageneinanAmishmunitythatseemedtobeassociatedwithanaveragelifespan10%longerthanthatofpeoplewithoutthegene.WhilemuchoftheAmishadvantageisuniquetotheAmishthemselvesthereisonelonglifelessontheycanteacheveryoneelse.AlmostallelderlypeopleintheAmishmunityarecaredforathomebyrelatives.ThisisntalwaysrealisticorpossibleinthenonAmishworldbutwhenitisitplayshugerhealthdividendsthanmedicinedoes.WhatCanWeLearnfromAmishPeople?OutlineSupportingdetailsIntroductiontotheAmish·TheAmish1________theaverageAmericanbymorethan20yearslastcentury.·TheAmishingeneralenjoybetterhealththanmostpeoplewhentheyare2________.FactorsintheAmishs3________Lifestyles·TheAmishhaveto4______byhandduetothelackofagriculturalequipment.Thustheyaremore5________activetakingmorestepsthanthenonAmishpeople.·Variousformsofmanuallabour6________thattheysufferlessobesity.·7________smokingcontributestolowerratesoftobaccorelatedcancersamongtheAmish.GenesTheAmishareableto8________theirgoodgenespurebymarryingwithintheirownmunities.ProblemwiththeAmishslifestyleTheAmishsdiet9________morefatsaltandcarbsthanneededbringsabouthighbloodpressureandheartdiseaserates.LessonfromtheAmishThepoweroffamilyaffectionmaygo10________thatofmedicine.答案
1.survived/outlived
2.old/aging3.favour/interests
4.farm/work/labour5.physically
6.ensure/guarantee
7.Little/Less
8.keep
9.containing
10.above/beyondⅢ.书面表达假设你是李华,在加拿大多伦多的维多利亚公园中学VictoriaParkC.I.学习为了提高英语水平,你准备申请寄宿家庭互联网上的一则广告引起了你的注意,但一些具体信息不明确箭头所指内容请给Andrea发一封150词左右的电子邮件,询问有关情况[写作要求]1.写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句;2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称;3.不必写标题[评分标准]内容完整,语言规范,语篇连贯,词数适当参考范文DearAndrea,ImwritingformoreinformationaboutthehomestayservicewhichIreadontheInternetbyaccident.FirstasImstudyingatVictoriaParkC.I.Idliketoknowifitisclosetoyourhouseorwhetheritsconvenientformetogotoschool.Doesittake35-45minutestogototheTorontoCentrebybusorisitjustwithinthewalkingdistanceAsforthemoneyyouchargedoesitcoverthefeesformealsBesidesIplantohavelunchatschoolanditwouldbegreatifIcouldjoinyouforbreakfastandsupper.FurthermorepleasetellmewhetheryouspeakEnglishorFrenchbecauseIwanttoimprovemyEnglish.FinallycouldyoupleasetellmemoreinformationabouttheacmodationsuchasthelivingenvironmentImexcitedaboutmystayinCanada.Imlookingforwardtoyourearlyreply.Yours,LiHua。