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2014高考英语阅读理解抓分练习题
(20)及答案Ifyouwanttostayyoungsitdownandhaveagoodthink.ThisistheresearchfindingofateamofJapanesedoctorswhosaythatmostofourbrainsarenotgettingenoughexercise—andasaresultweareageingunnecessarilysoon. ProfessorTaijuMatsuzawawantedtofindoutwhyotherwisehealthyfarmersinnorthernJapanappearedtobelosingtheirabilitytothinkandreasonatarelativelyearlyageandhowtheprocessofageingcouldbesloweddown. WithateamofcolleaguesatTokyoNationalUniversityhesetaboutmeasuringbrainvolumesofathousandpeopleofdifferentagesandvaryingoccupations. Computertechnologyenabledtheresearcherstoobtainprecisemeasurementsofthevolumeofthefrontandsidesectionsofthebrainwhichrelatetointellect智能andemotionanddeterminethehumancharacter.Therearsectionofthebrainwhichcontrolsfunctionslikeeatingandbreathingdoesnotcontractwithageandonecancontinuelivingwithoutintellectualoremotionalfaculties. Contractionoffrontandsideparts—ascellsdieoff—wasobservedIsomesubjectsintheirthirtiesbutitwasstillnotevidentinsomesixty-andseventy-year-olds. Matsuzawaconcludedfromhisteststhatthereisasimpleremedytothecontractionnormallyassociatedwithage—usingthehead. Thefindingsshowingeneraltermsthatcontractionofthebrainbeginssoonerinpeopleinthecountrythaninthetowns.ThoseleastatrisksaysMatsuzawaarelawyersfollowedbyuniversityprofessorsanddoctors.Whitecollarworkersdoingroutineworkingovernmentofficesarehoweveraslikelytohaveshrinkingbrainsasthefarmworkerbusdriverandshopassistant. Matsuzawa’sfindingsshowthatthinkingcanpreventthebrainfromshrinking.Bloodmustcirculateproperlyintheheadtosupplythefreshoxygenthebraincellsneed.“Thebestwaytomaintaingoodbloodcirculationisthroughusingthebrain”hesays“Thinkhardandengageinconversation.Don’trelyonpocketcalculators.”
36.Theteamofdoctorswantedtofindout________. A.whycertainpeopleagesoonerthanothersB.howtomakepeoplelivelonger C.thesizeofcertainpeople’sbrainsD.whichpeoplearemostintelligent【答案】A【解析】细节理解题由第二段“ProfessorTaijuMatsuzawawantedtofindoutwhyotherwisehealthyfarmersinnorthernJapanappearedtobelosingtheirabilitytothinkandreasonatarelativelyearlyageandhowtheprocessofageingcouldbesloweddown.”可知医生们想要研究出为什么一些人比其他人老得更快
37.Onwhataretheirresearchfindingsbased A.AsurveyoffarmersinnorthernJapan.B.Testsperformedonathousandoldpeople. C.ThestudyofbrainvolumesofdifferentpeopleD.Thelatestdevelopmentofcomputertechnology.【答案】C【解析】细节理解题由“hesetaboutmeasuringbrainvolumesofathousandpeopleofdifferentagesandvaryingoccupations.”可知选C
38.Thedoctor’stestshowthat________. A.ourbrainsshrinkaswegrowolderB.thefrontsectionofthebraindoesnotshrink C.sixty-year-oldshavethebetterbrainsthanthirty-year-olds D.somepeople’sbrainshavecontractedmorethanotherpeople’s.【答案】D【解析】细节理解题由“Thefindingsshowingeneraltermsthatcontractionofthebrainbeginssoonerinpeopleinthecountrythaninthetowns.”可知医生们的测试发现,一般而言,乡下人比城镇里的人的大脑收缩的更早故选D
39.Theword“subjects”inParagraph5means________. A.somethingtobeconsideredB.branchesofknowledgestudied C.personschosentobestudiedinanexperiment D.anymemberofastateexceptthesupremeruler.【答案】C【解析】词义猜测题由“……butitwasstillnotevidentinsomesixty-andseventy-year-olds.”可知“subjects”指的是被选入实验中做研究的人故选C
40.Accordingtothepassagewhichpeopleseemtoageslowerthantheothers A.Lawyers.B.Farmers.C.Clerks.D.Shopassistants.【答案】A【解析】细节理解题由“ThoseleastatrisksaysMatsuzawaarelawyers……”可知律师变老的风险最小故选AThespeakerateacherfromacommunitycollegeaddressedasympatheticaudience.HeadsnoddedinagreementwhenhesaidHighschoolEnglishteachersarenotdoingtheirjobs.Hedescribedtheinadequaciesofhisstudentsallhighschoolgraduateswhocanuselanguageonlyatagrade9level.Iwasunabletodeterminefromhisanswerstomyquestionshowthisgrade9levelhadbeenestablished. Mytopicisnotstandardsnoritsdecline(降低).Whatthespeakerwasreallysayingisthatehisnolongeryoung;hehasbeenteachingforsixteenyearsandisabletothinkandspeaklikeamatureadult. Mypointisthatthefrequentcomplaintofonegenerationabouttheoneimmediatelyfollowingitisinevitable.Itisalsohumannaturetolookforthereasonsforourdissatisfaction.BeforeEnglishbecameaschoolsubjectinthelatenineteenthcenturyitwasdifficulttofindthetargetoftheblameforlanguagedeficiencies(缺陷).ButsincethenEnglishteachershavebeenunderconstantattack. Thecomplainersthinktheyhavehituponanoriginalidea.Astheirowncommandofthelanguageimprovestheynoticethatyoungpeopledonothavethissameability.Unawarethattheirownabilityhasdevelopedthroughtheyearstheyassumethenewgenerationofyoungpeoplemustbehopelessinthisrespect.Totheeyesandearsofsensitiveadultsthelanguageoftheyoungalwaysseemsinadequate. SincethisconcernaboutthedeclineandfalloftheEnglishlanguageisnotperceivedasagenerationalphenomenonbutratherassomethingnewandpeculiartotodaysyoungpeopleitnaturallyfollowsthattodaysEnglishteacherscannotbedoingtheirjobs.OtherwiseyoungpeoplewouldnothaveapoorcommandofEnglish.
41.Thespeakertheauthormentionedinthepassagebelievedthat________. A.thelanguageoftheyoungergenerationisusuallyinferiortothattoftheoldergeneration B.thestudentshadapoorcommandofEnglishbecausetheydidntworkhardenough C.hewasanexcellentlanguageteacherbecausehehadbeenteachingEnglishforsixteenyears D.EnglishteachersshouldbeheldresponsibleforthestudentspoorcommandofEnglish【答案】D【解析】细节理解题由“HighschoolEnglishteachersarenotdoingtheirjobs.”可知作者提到的说话人认为,英语老师应该为学生的英语不好负责故选D
42.Intheauthorsopinionthespeaker_______. A.gaveacorrectjudgmentoftheEnglishlevelofthestudents B.hadexaggerated(夸张)thelanguageproblemsofthestudents C.wasrightinsayingthatEnglishteacherswerenotdoingtheirjobs D.couldthinkandspeakintelligently【答案】B【解析】细节理解题由“Astheirowncommandofthelanguageimprovestheynoticethatyoungpeopledonothavethissameability.Unawarethattheirownabilityhasdevelopedthroughtheyearstheyassumethenewgenerationofyoungpeoplemustbehopelessinthisrespect.”可知作者认为发言者夸张了学生的语言问题故选B
43.Theauthorsattitudetowardsthespeakersremarksis_______. A.neutralB.positiveC.criticalD.compromising【答案】C【解析】细节理解题A.中立的;B.肯定的;C.批评的;D.妥协的由“Unawarethattheirownabilityhasdevelopedthroughtheyearstheyassumethenewgenerationofyoungpeoplemustbehopelessinthisrespect.”可知作者不同意发言者的评论故选C
44.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat______. A.itisjustifiabletoincludeEnglishasaschoolsubject B.theauthordisagreeswiththespeakeroverthestandardofEnglishatGrade9level C.Englishlanguageteachingisbynomeansaneasyjob D.Languageimprovementneedstimeandeffort【答案】C【解析】细节理解题“Unawarethattheirownabilityhasdevelopedthroughtheyears……”说明成年人的语言能力是经过了多年的发展的,所以语言教学绝不是一项简单的工作故选C
45.Inthepassagetheauthorarguesthat______. A.itisunfairtoblametheEnglishteachersforthelanguagedeficienciesofthestudents ByoungpeoplewouldnothaveapoorcommandofEnglishiftheteachersdidtheirjobsproperly Ctogetridoflanguagedeficienciesonemusthavesensitiveeyesandears DtoimprovethestandardofEnglishrequirestheeffortofseveralgenerations【答案】A【解析】细节理解题由“SincethisconcernaboutthedeclineandfalloftheEnglishlanguageisnotperceivedasagenerationalphenomenonbutratherassomethingnewandpeculiartotodaysyoungpeopleitnaturallyfollowsthattodaysEnglishteacherscannotbedoingtheirjobs.”可知作者认为,因学生语言上的不足而责备英语老师是不公平的
2、(201*·辽宁卷·D)OnMay231989StefaniaFollinicameoutfromacaveatCarlsbadNewMexico.Shehadn’tseenthesunforeighteenandahalfweeks.Stefaniawasinaresearchprogramandthescientistsintheprogramwerestudyingbodyrhythms节奏.InthisexperimentStefaniahadspent130daysinacave30feetindepth.DuringhertimeinthecaveStefaniahadbeencompletelyaloneexceptfortwowhitemice.Herlivingplacehadbeenverycomfortablebuttherehadbeennothingtotellherthetime.She’dhadnoclocksorwatchesnotelevisionorradio.Therehadbeennonaturallightandthetemperaturehadalwaysbeenkeptat21℃.Theresultswereveryinteresting.Stefaniahadbeeninthecaveforoverfourmonthsbutshethoughtshehadbeenthereforonlytwo.Herbodyclockhadchanged.Shehadntkepttoa24-hourday.Shehadstayedawakefor20-25hoursandthenhadsleptfor10hours.Shehadeatenfewermealsandhadlost17lbsinweightasaresult!Shehadalsobecomeratherdepressed抑郁.HowhadshespenthertimeinthecaveAspartoftheexperimentsheddonesomephysicalandmentaltests.Shedrecordedherdailyactivitiesandtheresultsofthetestsonacomputer.Thiscomputerhadbeenspeciallyprogrammedfortheproject.Whenevershewasfreeshedplayedcardsreadbooksandlistenedtomusic.ShedalsolearnedFrenchfromtapes.Theexperimentshowedthatourbodyclocksareaffectedbylightandtemperature.Forexamplethepatternofdayandnightmakesuswakeupandgotosleep.Howeverpeopleareaffectedindifferentways.Somepeoplewakeupnaturallyat5:00ambutothersdontstarttowakeuptill9:00or10;00am.Thisaffectsthewholedailyrhythm.Asaresulttheearlyrisersareattheirbestinthelatemorning.Thelaterisersontheotherhandaretiredduringthedayandonlycometolifeintheafternoonorevening!
68.Stefaniastayedinthecaveforalongtimebecause___________.A.shewasaskedtodoresearchonmiceB.shewantedtoexperiencelonelinessC.shewasthesubjectofastudyD.sheneededtorecordherlife
69.WhatisacauseforthechangeofStefania’sbodyclockA.Eatingfewermeals.B.HavingmorehoursofsleepC.Lackingphysicalexercise.D.Gettingnonaturallight.
70.WheredoesthetextprobablycomefromA.Anovel.B.Anewsstory.C.Apetmagazine.D.Atravelguide
2、【文章大意】本文通过一项研究表明人的生物钟是受光线和温度影响的
68.【解析】选C细节理解题根据第一段中Stefaniawasinaresearchprogramandthescientistsintheprogramwerestudyingbodyrhythms节奏以及第四段中Aspartoftheexperimentsheddonesomephysicalandmentaltests.Shedrecordedherdailyactivitiesandtheresultsofthetestsonacomputer.,可知她是被实验对象,即thesubjectofastudy.
69.【解析】选D推理判断题根据第二段中Therehadbeennonaturallightandthetemperaturehadalwaysbeenkeptat21℃.以及最后一段的Theexperimentshowedthatourbodyclocksareaffectedbylightandtemperature.可知是因为得不到自然光线使得她的生物钟发生了变化
70.【解析】选B推理判断题从全文的内容来看,本文主要报道了一个实验及实验得出的结果,所以由此判断本文可能来自于新闻报道,A项小说不可能因为文章没有小说的特点;C项不正确,本文没有涉及宠物问题;D项不正确,因为本文也没涉及旅游的问题
3、(2010·湖北卷·E篇)HaveyouwinterizedyourhorseyetEventhoughglobalwarmingmayhavemadeourclimatemoremildmanyanimalsarestillhibernating冬眠.It’stoobadthathumanscan’thibernate.Infactasaspecieswealmostdid.ApparentlyattimesinthepastpeasantsinFrancelikedasemi-stateofhumanhibernation.SowritesGrahamRobbaBritishscholarwhohasstudiedthesleepinghabitsoftheFrenchpeasants.AssoonastheweatherturnedcoldpeoplealloverFranceshutthemselvesawayandpracticedtheforgottenartofdoingnothingatallformonthsonend.InlinewiththisJeffWarrenaproduceratCBCRadio’sTheCurrenttellsusthatthewaywesleephaschangedfundamentallysincetheinventionofartificial人造的lightingandtheelectricbulb.WhenhistoriansbeganstudyingtextsoftheMiddleAgestheynoticedsomethingreferredtoas“firstsleep”whichwasnotclarifiedthough.Nowscientistsaretellingusourancestorsmostlikelysleptinseparateperiods.Thebusinessofeighthours’uninterruptedsleepisamoderninvention.Inthepastwithouttheartificiallightofthecitytobatheinhumanswenttosleepwhenitbecamedarkandthenwokethemselvesaroundmidnight.Thelatenightperiodwasknownas“TheWatch”.Itwaswhenpeopleactuallykeptwatchagainstwildanimalsalthoughmanyofthemsimplymovedaroundorvisitedfamilyandneighbours.Accordingtosomesleepresearchersashortperiodofinsomnia失眠atmidnightisnotadisorder.Itisnormal.Humanscanexperienceanotherstateofconsciousnessaroundtheirsleepingwhichoccursinthebriefperiodbeforewefallasleeporwakeourselvesinthemorning.Thisperiodcanbeanextraordinarilycreativetimeforsomepeople.TheimpressiveinventorThomasEdisonusedthisstatetohituponmanyofhisnewideas.Playingwithyoursleeprhythmscanbeadventurousasanxietymaysetin.Medicalsciencedoesn’thelpmuchinthiscase.Itoffersusmedicinesforafullnight’scontinuoussleepwhichsoundsnatural;howeveraccordingtoWarren’stheory,itisreallytheoppositeofwhatweneed.
67.TheexampleoftheFrenchpeasantsshowsthefactthat________.A.peoplemightbecomelazyasaresultoftoomuchsleepB.thereweresignsofhibernationinhumansleepinghabitsC.peopletendedtosleepmorepeacefullyincoldweatherD.winterwasaseasonforpeopletosleepformonthsonend
68.Thelatenightwascalled“TheWatch”becauseitwasatimeforpeople______.A.tosettrapstocatchanimalsB.towakeuptheirfamilyandneighboursC.toremindothersofthetimeD.toguardagainstpossibledangers
69.WhatdoestheauthoradvisepeopletodoA.Sleepinthewayanimalsdo.B.Consultadoctoriftheycan’tsleep.C.Followtheirnaturalsleeprhythm.D.Keeptotheeight-hoursleeppattern.
70.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassageA.Togiveaprescriptionforinsomnia.B.Tourgepeopletosleepless.C.Toanalyzethesleeppatternofmodernpeople.D.Tothrownewlightonhumansleep.
3、【文章大意】本文介绍了一些睡眠专家的研究成果这对人们如何对待睡眠习惯有所启示属于科普类说明文67.【解析】选B细节推断题根据第二段讲述的内容,联系第一段最后一句分析推定B项符合题意C项为干扰项,但原文未做比较而且也不符合中心
68.【解析】选D细节推断题由第五段中最后一句…Itwaswhenpeopleactuallykeptwatchagainstwildanimalsalthoughmanyofthemsimply….直接推断出正确答案为D
69.【解析】选C细节推断题综合分析最后一段内容可知作者建议人们遵循自然睡眠规律,因此,C项符合题意
70.【解析】选D主旨意图题根据各段的mainidea综合分析即可得出结论para.1leadinthetopic—humansleep.para.2anexampleforhumanhibernating.Para.3-5differenttypesofhumansleep.para.6asforinsomniaandanotherstateofconsciousnesspara.7adviceonhumansleep.此题也可用排除法排除A、B、C均为片面性。