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阅读下列短文从每题所给的四个选项中选出最佳选项AToAmericanvisitorsIcelandisaveryinterestingcountrypartlybecauseitisdifferentinsomanywaysfromwhatheorsheisusedtoseeingathome.Therearequiteafewthingsthatarenotdoneorthatdonotexistontheisland—quiteafewNos.Thereisnopollutionforinstance.NodogsarepermittedinReykjavikthecapital.ThereisnotelevisiononThursdaysorduringtheentiremonthofJulyandonlythreehoursofblack-and-whiteTVtherestofthetime.ThereisnohardliquoronWednesdaysandnobeeratanytime.Therearenohandguns;onlyonejailofthirty-fivecellsintheentireland—anadmirablefigureevenforasmallcountryof313376people.Thereisnoarmyairforceornavy.Thereisnotippingforanything.TherearenolargestoresopenonSaturdaysorSundays.SinceIcelandissituatedjustundertheArcticCirclethereisnodarknessinsummerandnodaylightinwinter.ButthankstoGulfStreamtheclimateisrathermildwithtemperaturesrangingfrom34degreesFahrenheitto52degreesinJuly.Therulesontelevisionliquorandgunsaretheresultofgovernmentaldecision.ButtheabsenceofpollutionisdueingreatparttothefactthatIcelandgetsitspowerfromtheenormousgeyser间歇泉andthethousandsofhotspringsthatcomeoutoftheground.Theyprovidealltheenergyneededbythecountry.InfactIcelandusesonly3percentofallitsavailablepower.Icelandhasbeendescribedasademocraticindependentcountrywheremorefisharecaughtandmorebookspublishedperpersonthananywhereelseintheworld.TheIcelandershavealwaysfeltaparticularloveforliterature.TheycomposedtheirfirstworksintheninthandtenthcenturiesAD.TheseworkswerepoemsandtalesaboutthekingsheroesandheroinesofIcelandandNorway.Atfirstthestorieswerememorizedandpassedfromgenerationtogeneration.Theywerefinallywrittendownbetween1140and
1220.TheIcelandershaveneverstoppedwritingeversince.“Rathershoelessthanbooklesstheyproudlysay.
1.AmericanvisitorsenjoyvisitingIcelandprobablybecause.A.nodogsarepermittedinthecapitalB.thepolicedonotcarryhandgunsC.theclimateisrathermild.D.itisverydifferentfromAmerica
2.ThefollowingstatementsaretrueEXCEPT.A.therearenosoldiersinIcelandB.theIcelandersdontdrinkbeerC.thereisnoservicefeeofanykindD.therearenocrimesinIceland
3.ThereisnopollutioninIcelandmainlybecause.A.Icelandusesonly3percentofallitsavailablepowerB.theIcelandersusehotwaterfromthegroundbelowastheirenergyC.itislocatedjustundertheArcticCircleD.itisademocraticindependentcountry
4.Rathershoelessthanbooklessmeans.A.theyprefernottohaveshoesorbooksB.theywouldratherhaveshoesonthanwritebooksC.theyprefertravelingtoreadingD.theyregardbooksmoreimportantthanshoesBAnoldproblemisgettingnewattentionintheUnitedStates—bullying恃强凌弱.Recentcasesincludedthetragiccaseofafifteen-year-oldgirlwhosefamilymovedfromIreland.ShehangedherselfinMassachusettsinJanuaryfollowingmonthsofbullying.Herparentscriticizedherschoolforfailingtoprotecther.Officialshavebroughtcriminalchargesagainstseveralteenagers.JudyKuczynskiispresidentofananti-bullyinggroupcalledBullyPoliceUSA.HerdaughterTinawasthevictimofseverebullyingstartinginmiddleschoolinthestateofMinnesota.ShesaidOurdaughterwasaveryoutgoingchild.Shehadabubblypersonalityveryinvolvedinallkindsofthingshadlotsoffriends.Andoveraperiodoftimehergradesfellcompletely.Shestartedhavinghealthissues.Shecouldntsleep.Shewasnteating.Shehadterriblestomachpains.Shestartedclenchingherjawandgrindingherteethatnight.Didntwanttogotoschool.Bullyingisdefinedasnegativebehaviorrepeatedovertimeagainstthesameperson.Itcaninvolvephysicalviolence.Oritcanbeverbal—forexampleinsultsorthreats.Spreadingliesaboutsomeoneorexcludingapersonfromagroupisknownassocialorrelationalbullying.AndnowthereiscyberbullyingwhichusestheInternete-mailortextmessages.Ithaseasyappealforthebullybecauseitdoesnotinvolveface-to-facecontactanditcanbedoneatanytime.ThefirstseriousresearchstudiesintobullyingweredoneinNorwayinthelate1970s.ThelatestgovernmentstudyintheUnitedStateswasreleasedlastyear.Itfoundthataboutone-thirdofstudentsagetwelvetoeighteenwerebulliedatschool.SusanSweaterisapsychologistattheUniversityofNebraska-Lincolnandco-directoroftheBullyingResearchNetwork.Shesaysschoolsshouldtreatbullyingasamentalhealthproblemtogetbulliesandvictimsthehelptheyneed.Shesaysbullyingisconnectedtodepressionanxietyandanti-socialbehaviorandbulliesareoftenvictimsthemselves.
5.FromthecaseofTinawecanknowthat.A.bullyingisrareinschoolB.victimssufferedalotC.schoolsaretoblameforbullyingD.personalitiesarerelatedwithbullying
6.Cyberbullyingisappealingtothebullybecause_________.A.itcaninvolvemorepeopleB.itcancreateworseeffectsC.itismoreconvenientD.itcanavoidcheating
7.AccordingtoSusanSweater.A.bulliesareanti-socialB.bulliesshouldgivevictimshelpC.victimsarenotequallytreatedD.bulliesthemselvesalsoneedhelp
8.WhichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthetextA.15-Year-OldIrishGirlCommittedSuicideB.Girl’sSuicideBringsFreshAttentiontoBullyingC.Cyber-BullyingTakingOffinSchoolsD.HowtoSolvetheProblemofBullyingAmongTeensCMachinesinthehomehaveashorthistory.Sewingmachineswashingmachinesandtumbledriesarecommonenoughtodaybutahundredyearsagofewpeoplecouldevenimaginesuchthings.Howeverinventorshavedesignedandbuiltawiderangeofhouseholdmachinessincethen.Inmostcasestheinventortriedtopatenthismachinetostopanyonecopyingit.Ifthemachinebecamepopulartheinventorcouldmakealotofmoney.In1790thefirstsewingmachinewaspatented.TheinventorwasanEnglishmancalledThomasSaint.Therewasnothingtomatchhismachineforfortyyearsandthensomeonebuiltasimilardevice.HewasaFrenchmanBartelemyThimonier.Neitheroftheseearlymachinesworkedverywellhowever.Itwasn’tuntil1846thataninventorcameupwithareallyefficientsewingmachine.HewasanAmericanEliasHoweandhismachinewasgoodenoughtobeatfiveskilledsewingwomen.Hedidn’tmakemuchmoneyfromithowever.ThefirstcommerciallysuccessfulsewingmachinewaspatentedbyIsaacSingerfiveyearslater.Todaywetakewashingmachinesforgrantedbuttherewasnonebefore
1869.Therevolvingdrum旋转桶ofthatfirstmachinesetapatternforthefuturebutitwascrudebytoday’sstandards.Thedrumwasturnedbyhandandneededalotofeffort.Eightyearspassedbeforesomeoneproducedanelectricwashingmachine.Theworldhadtowaitevenlongerforamachinetodryclothes.Thefirstspin-drierwasanotherAmericaninventionpatentedin1924;butitwas20yearsbeforesuchmachineswerewidelyused.ItwasyetanotherAmericancalledBissellwhointroducedthecarpetsweeper.Hepatentedtheoriginalmachinebackin
1876.Itdidn’tpickupdirtverywellbutitwasquickerthanadustpanandbrush.Thirty-sixyearslatereventhecarpetsweeperwasold-fashioned:modernhomesnowhaveavacuumcleanerwithanelectricmotortosuckthedust.
9.Inventorspatenttheinventionssoasto______.A.producemorenewmachinesB.avoidbeingcopiedbyothersC.maketheinventionsmorepopularD.makemoremoney
10.Accordingtothearticlemoderninventors______.A.hadtowaitforthefirstspin-drierforalongtimeB.onlyimitatedthefirstwashingmachineC.poweredthefirstever-madewashingmachinebyelectricityD.followedthepatternofthefirstrevolvingdrumbutimproveitmuch
11.Theunderlinedword“crude”inparagraph3means______.A.quiteuselessB.ugly-lookingC.muchtougherD.notskillfullymade
12.Thearticlemainlytellsusabout______.A.thegreatinventorsintheworldB.theimportantinventionsintheworldC.theshorthistoryofhouseholdmachinesD.theimportanceofthemachinesusedinthehomeDPeoplefellinlovewithElizabethTaylorin1944whenshestarredinNationalVelvet—thestoryofVelvetBrownayounggirlwhowinsfirstplaceinafamoushorserace.AtfirsttheproducersofthemovietoldTaylorthatshewastoosmalltoplaythepartofVelvet.Howevertheywaitedforherforafewmonthsassheexercisedandtrained—andaddedthreeinchestoherheightinfourmonths!HeractinginNationalVelvetisstillconsideredthebestbyachildactress.ElizabethTaylorwasborninLondonin
1932.HerparentsbothAmericanshadmovedthereforbusinessreasons.WhenWorldWarIIstartedtheTaylormovedtoBeverlyHillsCaliforniaandthereElizabethstartedactinginmovies.AfterhersuccessasachildstarTaylorhadnotroublemovingintoadultrolesandwontwiceforBestActress:Butterfield81960andWhosAfraidofVirginiaWoolf1966Taylorsfameandpopularitygaveheralotofpowerwiththemovieindustrysoshewasabletodemandveryhighpayforhermovies.In1963shereceived$1millionforherpartinCleopatra—thehighestpayreceivedbyanystaruptothattime.ElizabethTaylorisalegendofourtime.LikeVelvetBrowninNationalVelvetshehasbeenlucky;shehasbeautyfameandwealth.Butsheisalsoahardworker.Taylorseldomactsinmoviesanymore.Insteadsheputshertimeandeffortsintoherbusinessesandintohelpingothers—severalyearsagoshefoundedanorganizationthathasraisedmorethan$40millionforresearchandeducation.
13.TheproducersdidntletTaylorplaythepartofVelvetatfirstbecausetheythoughtshe________.A.wassmallinsizeB.wastooyoungC.didnotplaywellenoughD.didnotshowmuchinterest
14.WhatElizabethTaylorandVelvetBrownhadincommonwasthattheywereboth________.A.popularalltheirlivesB.famousactressesC.successfulwhenveryyoungD.richandkind-hearted
15.TaylorbecameBestActressattheageof________.A.12B.28C.31D.
3416.InherlaterlifeElizabethTaylordevotedherselfto________.A.doingbusinessandhelpingothersB.turningherselfintoalegendC.collectingmoneyforthepoorD.goingaboutresearchandeducationworkETechnology:TakingthegoodwithoutthebadVerysoonunimaginablypowerfultechnologieswillremakeourlives.Thiscouldhavedangerousconsequencesespeciallybecausewemaynotevenunderstandthebasicscienceunderlyingthem.There’sagrowinggapbetweenourtechnologicalcapabilityandourbasicscientificunderstanding.Wecandoverycleverthingswiththetechnologyofthefuturewithoutnecessarilyunderstandingsomeofthescienceunderneathandthatisverydangerous.Thetechnologiesthatareparticularlydangerousoverthenexthundredyearsarenanotechnology纳米技术artificialintelligenceandbiotechnology.Thebenefitsthattheywillbringarebeyonddoubt.Buttheyaregoingtobeveryverydangerous.I’mworkinginthefieldofartificialintelligence.Ihaveamodeldesignforsomethingthatmightbe50000milliontimessmarterthanthehumanbrain.Targetdateis
2010.TheonlythingthatsnotpossibleinthefilmTerminator终结者isthatthepeoplewin.Ifyourefightingagainsttechnologywhichis50000milliontimessmarterthanyouyouprobablywillnotwin.Nanotechnology.Weveallheardofthegreyglueproblemthatself-replicatingnanotechdevicesmightkeeponcopyinguntiltheworldhasbecomestickyglue.AndcertainlyinbiotechnologywevereallygotabigproblembecauseitsconvergingwithnanotechnologyandIT.Onceyoustartmixingnanotechwithorganismsandyoustartfeedingnanotech-enabledbacteriawecanreallygoanawfullotfurtherthantheBorginStarTrek星际迷航.Andthosesuperhumanorganismsmightnotlikeusverymuch.Eventuallythesetechnologieswillbecomeroutine.That’sathreattohumanity.Idon’tthinkit’spossibletoslowitdown.Sowhatweneedtodoisacceleratethescientificresearchandtrytogetsomeextratools.Theproblemsfacingusinthefuturearegettingbiggerandbigger.Ithinkifwedon’tgetsomepropersciencedonethefutureishopelessindeed.
17.Fromthetextweknowthattheauthor’sgreatestconcernisA.ourlackoftechnologicalunderstandingoftheprocessinvolvedB.ourlackoftechnologicalcapabilityC.creatingtechnologywithoutreallyunderstandingthebasicscienceD.Ourrefusaltofacetheconsequencesofthetechnologywecreate
18.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthattheauthor.A.thinkspeopleoverestimate高估thecapabilitiesoftechnology.第6页共8页B.isnotoptimisticthatartificialintelligencewillalwaysbeusedpositivelyC.thinksthatweshouldtakesciencefictionmoviesmoreseriouslyD.believesartificialintelligenceisthegreatestthreatwefacetechnologically
19.WhydoestheauthorsayitisnotpossibleinthefilmTerminatorthatthehumanswinA.Becausethepowerofthetechnologyisexaggerated夸大.B.Becausethestrengthofthemachinesismuchgreater.C.Becausemachineswiththatmuchintelligencecaneasilydefeathumans.D.Becausehumanbeingsarenotcourageousenoughtowinthebattle.
20.Theauthor’sattitudetowardtheadvancedtechnologiesisA.worriedB.positiveC.interestedD.scared.第7页共8页1-4DDBD5-8BCDB9-12BDDC13-16ACBA17-20CBCA第8页共8页。