还剩22页未读,继续阅读
本资源只提供10页预览,全部文档请下载后查看!喜欢就下载吧,查找使用更方便
文本内容:
本科生毕业论文商务合同的翻译毕业设计论文中文题目商务合同的翻译英文题目OntheTranslationofBusinessContracts姓名贺荣葵学院外国语学院专业英语(外贸英语方向)本科指导老师贺荣葵开题时间
2012.12完成时间
2013.4湖南农业大学制OntheTranslationofBusinessContracts商务合同的翻译HeRongkui贺荣葵Supervisor:Prof.XiaoFuliangMajor:ForeignTradeEnglishForeignLanguageCollegeHunanAgriculturalUniversityApril2013AbstractAbstract:Ininternationaltradeactivitiesbusinesscontractsareanimportantbasisforthedocuments.BusinessEnglishlanguagehasbecomeanindispensablecommunicationtoolanditisalsothestartingpointofeconomiccontractsinEnglish.Internationalbusinesscontractsinvolveawidevarietyandcomplexityandalsohavetheirowncharacteristicssuchasaccuracyprofessionandnormalization.Thereforethequalityofthetranslationofbusinesscontractsneedshighdemand.Inthispaperthroughalargenumberofexamplesthecharacteristicsandtranslationofbusinesscontractsareanalyzedcomprehensively.KeyWords:businesscontracts;translation;strategy毕业论文(设计)原创性声明本人所呈交的毕业论文(设计)是我在导师的指导下进行的研究工作及取得的研究成果据我所知,除文中已经注明引用的内容外,本论文(设计)不包含其他个人已经发表或撰写过的研究成果对本论文(设计)的研究做出重要贡献的个人和集体,均已在文中作了明确说明并表示谢意作者签名日期毕业论文(设计)授权使用说明本论文(设计)作者完全了解**学院有关保留、使用毕业论文(设计)的规定,学校有权保留论文(设计)并向相关部门送交论文(设计)的电子版和纸质版有权将论文(设计)用于非赢利目的的少量复制并允许论文(设计)进入学校图书馆被查阅学校可以公布论文(设计)的全部或部分内容保密的论文(设计)在解密后适用本规定 作者签名指导教师签名日期日期注意事项
1.设计(论文)的内容包括1)封面(按教务处制定的标准封面格式制作)2)原创性声明3)中文摘要(300字左右)、关键词4)外文摘要、关键词5)目次页(附件不统一编入)6)论文主体部分引言(或绪论)、正文、结论7)参考文献8)致谢9)附录(对论文支持必要时)
2.论文字数要求理工类设计(论文)正文字数不少于1万字(不包括图纸、程序清单等),文科类论文正文字数不少于
1.2万字
3.附件包括任务书、开题报告、外文译文、译文原文(复印件)
4.文字、图表要求1)文字通顺,语言流畅,书写字迹工整,打印字体及大小符合要求,无错别字,不准请他人代写2)工程设计类题目的图纸,要求部分用尺规绘制,部分用计算机绘制,所有图纸应符合国家技术标准规范图表整洁,布局合理,文字注释必须使用工程字书写,不准用徒手画3)毕业论文须用A4单面打印,论文50页以上的双面打印4)图表应绘制于无格子的页面上5)软件工程类课题应有程序清单,并提供电子文档
5.装订顺序1)设计(论文)2)附件按照任务书、开题报告、外文译文、译文原文(复印件)次序装订3)其它摘要在国际贸易活动中,商务合同作为一种重要法律文件涉及面广泛而复杂,同时也有其自身的特点,准确性,专业性和规范性因此,对商务合同翻译的质量提出了非常高的要求本文用大量的例子对商务合同的特征及对策做了全面的分析和讨论关键词:商务合同;翻译;对策ContentsTOC\o1-3\h\z\uAbstractI摘 要IIContentsIIIIntroduction
11.TheDefinitionofBusinessContract
22.TheCharacteristicsofBusinessContracts
32.1TextCharacteristics
32.
1.1Prociseness
32.
1.2Normolization
32.
1.3Prefession
32.2SentenseCharasteristics
42.
2.1AttributiveClauses
42.
53.TheTranslationStrategiesofBusinessContracts
63.1TranslationAccuraccy
63.
1.1VocabularyTranslation
63.
1.2NumberAccuracy
73.3TranslationNormalization………………………………………………….
73.
3.1LanguageNormalization……………………………………………...
93.
3.2StyleNormalization…………………………………………………...
93.
3.3ProfessionNormalization…………………………………………….11Conclusion13Bibliography14Acknowledgements15IntroductionInthe21stcenturyinternationaltradehasbecomingmoreandmorefrequentandthereformingChinaisactivelyengagedininternationaltradeactivities.IntheprocessofglobaltradeEnglishhasbecomeanindispensablecommunicationtool.Itisthebasisofbusinesscontracts.IntodayssocietycitizenscorporationsandotherorganizationssometimeshavetheproblemonhowtosigncontractsdirectlyinEnglish.LawyerslegaladvisersandotherlegalprofessionalswillmeettheneedstoreviewandmodifythecontractsinEnglishandsometimeswillbeaskedtocometoChinesetranslationandeventodraftacontractinEnglish.SomoreandmorefansofEnglishandthelawyerswanttofamiliarizethemselveswiththecontractsinEnglishwithChina’sentryintoWTOthisrequirementturnsmoreandmoreurgenttoresolvecontractissuesinEnglish.
1.TheDefinitionofBusinessContractContractmeanstoabidebytheconditionsestablishedworkingincooperation.PeoplesRepublicofChinaCivilLaw《中国人民共和国民法通则》TheArticle85thprovidesthatAcontractshallbeanagreementwherebythepartiesestablishexchangeterminatetheircivilrelationship,合同是当事人之间设立、变更、终止民事权利义务关系的协议andinternationalbusinesscontractasoneofthemfromthegeneralsenseItisinvolvedwithtwoormoreStates.Toacountryinternationalbusinesscontractsarealsoforeigncontracts.InChinaaccordingtothedifferentnatureandcontentofthemajorcategoriesincontractsWedothefollowingclassification:salecontract销售合同;thetransfercontract(转让合同);thejointventurecontract(合资或合营合同);compensationtradecontracts(补偿贸易合同);Agentagreement(代理合同)andothercontractsagreementsetc.Itisthepartiestoeconomicactivitiestheagreementreachedbynegotiationlegallybindingonbothparties.Thisagreementmaybeformalorinformal.Asthecontractwithlegaleffectthepartiesmustaccordancewiththeprovisionsofthecontractfullyandmeettheirobligationsstrictlywhichrequiresthecontracttermsandsentencesarerigorousandaccurate.
2.TheCharacteristicsofBusinessContracts
2.1 TextCharacteristicBusinesscontractisaspecialapplicationstylefocusingondocumentarywhosemajorcharacteristicisaccurateandrigorous.Asbusinesscontractisalegallydocumentthatasksthepartiestostrictlyobeytheobligationsrightcodesofconductandotherspecifictermsasdrilledlegalloopholesitdoesnotallowthevagueandmiledingitwouldrathersacrificethefluencyoftextbutmaintaintruth.
2.
1.1PrecisenessTheprecisenessofthebusinesscontracttranslationistheprinciplesprobleminpracticecontractlanguageisalegalcontextthatemphasizesthestructureoflanguageanothercharacteristicisusingformalwordsrepeatwordsparallelconjunctionsetcinordertoensurethecontracttextrigorandunbeatablealsoreflectedthecontractsolemnandseriousnessaslegaldocuments.
2.
1.2 NormalizationGenerallythestructureofacontractisorganizedandthetermsandstatementsinvolvedcomplywiththecontractdocumentsandtheprogramrequirements.Acompletebusinessthetermsofthecontractareuptodozenstodefinedbuyersandsellersobligationsclearly.AfteralongpracticeandtextingThestructurehasbeenrelativelyfixedwhetheritisChineseorEnglish.Thecontractcanbedividedintofourparts:title标题,preamble序言,body正文,andconclusion结尾.Sincebusinesscontractiswrittentoprotectlegalrightsandinterestsitrequiretheuseofbodylanguagesolemnorformalstyle.
2.
1.3ProfessionBusinesscontractsarehighlyprofessionalinvolvingfinancetradetariffscustomscommoditiesinsurancewarehousingcommodityinspectionlegalandmanyotherareasbusinesscontractisthecomplexfieldofexpertisetext.Thereforethetranslationprocessconstantlyabsorbsandintegratesnewknowledge.Businesscontractsbasiccharacteristicsofthesetextfeaturestodeterminethebusinessprocessoftranslationtofollowstrictprocedures.ForexampleWeherebyagreewiththedrawersendorsersandbonafideholdersofthedraftsdrawnunderandincompliancewiththetermsofthiscreditthatsuchdraftsshallbedulyhonoredonduepresentationanddeliveryofdocumentsashereinspecified. Thissentencelooksalittlecomplexandinvolvessomecredittermsifatranslatorisnotfamiliarwithcreditprofessionaltermssuchas drawers(出票人)、endorsers(背书人)、drawn(开具)、drafts(汇票)、honored(履行付款责任)、presentation(提示)、documents(单据),theywouldhavenoideasaboutthis.
2.2SentenceCharacteristics
2.
2.1AttributiveClausesTomakethetermsclearandprecisetoavoidthepossibilityofbeingmisunderstoodalargenumberofstructureareoftenusedinclausesinbusinesscontracts.Attributiveclausesseparatedwiththecenterwidespreadwordatermwithmultiplesidebysideoranattributiveclausemodifyingthecaseofmultiplecentersarealsocommonword.ForexampleAreplytoanyofferwhichpurportstobeanacceptancebutcontainsadditionslimitationsorothermodificationsisarejectionoftheofferandconstitutesacounteroffer.“which”Guidetherestrictiveattributiveclausemodifiedreply.Translation“对发价表示接受,但载有添加、限制、或其它更改的答复,即为拒绝该项发价并构成还价”ForexampleThesellermustdelivergoodswhichareofthequantityquantityanddescriptionsrequiredbythecontractandwhicharecontainedorpackedinthemannerrequiredbythecontract.Sentenceof“which”inattributiveclauseistoguidethetermsofprovisionsofgoodsratherthandepictedanddescribedthedeepstructureofsentences.“Goodsmustbe”,如译成“卖方必须交付……的货物”Semanticambiguity.Thereforethedeepstructureofthesentencecanbetranslatedinaccordancewiththesubject-predicatestructureinChineseSoit’scanbetranslatedinto卖方交付的货物必须与合同所规定的数、质量和规格一致,并按照合同所规定的方式装箱或包装”
2.
2.2AdverbialClausesAsadverbialclauseshighlighttheflexibilityanddiversitytheyareoftenusedinbusinesscontractsuchasthenumberofadverbialmodificationofaverboranadverbialcontainsanotherverycommon.Forexamplewithin30daysafterthesigningandcomingintoeffectofthiscontractthebuyershallproceedtopaythepriceforthegoodstothesellerbyopeninganimbecileL/CfortheamountofUSD
30.000infavorofthesellerthroughabankatexportport.ThebackboneofthesentenceThebuyershallproceedtopaythepricetothesellerwhichcontainsatimeadverbialwithin30daysafterthesigningandcomingintoeffectofthiscontract.BusinesscontractssaidmanyofthetimeadverbialisaPartyatacertaintimeandmustassumeacertainobligationortoenjoycertainrightsnamelytimelinessThereforethecenterofthewholesentenceisnotaverbinasentenceoftimebuttheactionoccurs.IfitistranslatedintoChinesetohighlighttheeffectivenessofbehaviorthetimeadverbialshouldbeasclosetothatobligationtheresponsibilityoftheword“shall”sentencealsocontainsacomplexmanneradverbialbyopeninganirrevocableL/CaccordingtothelanguageofChinesenormsmanneradverbialusuallybeforetheverbthesentencecanbetranslatedas“买方须与本合同签字并生效后30天内通过出口地银行开立以卖方为受益人的不可撤销信用证支付全部货款计30000美元”
3.TheTranslationStrategiesofBusinessContracts
3.1TranslationAccuracyKeywordstranslationincontractsshouldhaveadeepunderstandingofitsexactmeaningandmusthavenotambiguityotherwiseitwouldcauseadistortionofpartytoacontractorevenresultineconomicdisputes.
3.
1.1VocabularyAccuracyDuetotheparticularityofbusinesscontractitofteninvolvingsomespecialvocabulariesthefollowingaresomeillustratesonabbreviationandglossary.Intermsofabbreviationsastheformandthemeaningarefixedthepeoplewon’tbecauseunderstandquestionsortoexpressinnovationandarbitraryusethetermsimplepalpabilitydiminisherrorsavingtimeandimproveefficiencysuchasFCAfreecarrier货交承运人,CIFcostinsuranceandfreight成本、运费加保费C/Ocarefor提交,L/CLetterofcredit信用证.Somelawtermsascooperatebylaw工作细则,ultravirescontract越权订立合同,breachofcontract违约andsomesamewordsinothermeanssuchasaction行动——诉讼,motion运动——提案,sentence句子——判决,immunity免疫力——豁免权ForexampleA:US.500permetrictonCIF2%Ningbo.CIF2%asaabbreviationandmeansCIFincluding2%commission.译文宁波港全额到岸价每吨500美元,含2%佣金B:CN.500permetrictonFOBD1%Shanghai.CNmeansChineseYuan.FOBD1%meansless1%discount.译文上海离岸价每箱500人民币,扣除1%折扣Glossaryreferstothespecificareasofinternationaltradeterminologyithasitsownunion.Forexample“TheSellershallpresetthefollowingdocumentsfornegotiation/collectiontothebanks.”Thisisthepaymenttermsthatoftenappearinthesentencenegotiationandcollectionhereareglossaryiftranslateinto谈判and收取thesentenceabovewouldbeconfusedtopeopleheretheymeans“议付”and“托收”.译文:卖方必须将下列单据提交银行议付或托收Fromabovewecanseeinordertoensuretheaccuracyofthetranslationwemustbefamiliarwiththebackgroundandrememberthesespecialwordsandtheirusage.Inordertograspandapplythemtotheactualtranslationandapplythemtothespecialcircumstancesandtotranslateaccuratelyandavoidmisunderstandwe’dbetterstartwithalargenumberofthecontractsdefinesandthetermsofthecontractsthemeaningshouldbedefinedandfullyexplainedinordertoavoiddisagreement.
3.
1.2NumberAccuracyWordsrelatedtothetermsofthecontractspaymentprovisionsofthemostimportantwhichisthepartymostconcernedtoeliminateloopholesinthecontractsamountfortheEnglishtranslationmustbebothsensitiveandmustnotbeomtted.Forexample译文合同总价为叁佰贰拾万美元AThetotalcontvalueis$
3.
200.000BThetotalcontvalueisUS$
3.
200.000OnthesuranceTranslationAiscorrectanditisalsofrequentintextbookhoweverasanofficiallycontractTranslationAwasnotaccurateenoughevenexistsseriousvulnerabilitybecauseinourdailylife$isusuallymeansUS$butitmayrepresentHK$Can$sothetranslationBismorerigorousandaccurate.Intermsofthecontractvalueoftranslationwemustpayspecialattentiontothenumbersandthecurrencywhilewealsoneedtocheckitiftherearemistakesorvulnerabilitiestoavoidfuturetrouble.
3.2TranslationProfessionBusinesscontractiscomplexbecauseit’shighlyrequirementandinadditiontotheaboveprofessionalvocabularytermsetc.Themostimportantprofessionalisitslegalcharacteristics;Itmuststayinthelawinthecategoryofexecution.Evenifacontracttheliteraltranslationnoproblembutitconflictslawsevenifthetranslationisaccurateorevenperfectthetranslationisfailure.Thatisonlyawhitepapercannotplayanyrolesoaprofessionalinternationaltradeworkersunderstandtherelevantlawsandregulationsaboutcontractsisnecessaryalsoisamust.Itwillinvolvealotofprofessionalterminthecontracttheworldinthecontracthavethemeaningofasingleclearcannotbeunderstoodasordinarycommonmeaning.Forexamplecollectionconfirmacceptancetolerancemoreorless.Translation:“收集”“确认”“接受”“承受”“大约”Butthesewordscanbeusedasaterminthecontractitsmeaningisrespectively.“托收”“保兑”confirmedL/C“承兑”DocumentsagainstAcceptance“公差”及“溢短装”等TheSellershallpresentthefollowingdocumentsrequiredfornegotiation/collectiontothebanks.Thissentenceisthefrequentlyusedoneinpaymentterms.Negotiationandcollectioninthesentencearetechnicalterms.Ifthesewordsareunderstoodas“谈判”and“收取”insteadof“议付”和“托收”.Thetranslationwillbeambiguousandpuzzling.Partialshipmentisallowed.Thesentencecanbetranslatedas“卖方...托收”.“Partialshipmentisallowed”istheregulationfortheshipmentinthecontracts.Ifitistranslatedas“部分装运”,whoseitemwillbeunderstood.Thepartywillthinkthatonlypartofthegoodsareshipped.Thecorrecttranslationshouldbe“允许分批装运”,Thatisthesellercansendthegoodsinlots.Theotherstermssuchastelegraphictransfer电汇usanceL/C远期信用证forcemajeure不可抗力及salesbysample凭样品销售shouldbetranslatedproperly.Ifonecan’tknowaboutthetechnicalknowledgeeveniflookinguptheminthedictionaryitisdifficulttomastertheexactmeaning.Oneshouldunderstandthespecialmeaningoftheorganizationnamesshouldn’tconfuseonethingwithanother.ForexampleconsignorconsigneeshippercarrierfrequentlyusedintheshipmenttermsandB/Landiseasily.
3.3TranslationNormalizationCross-culturalawarenessreferstothebusinessaffairspeopleofculturaldifferencesofunderstandingandappropriateresponseofakindofbusinessenterpriseoperationofeachlinksuchasinternationalmarketinghumanresourcesmanagementincentivemechanismneedshighercross-culturalconsciousnessitisinternationaltradeengagedininternationaltradepersonnelmusthavethebasicconsciousness.InadditiontomasterthelanguageknowledgeandskillsoutsidestillshouldunderstandlanguagereflecttheforeignculturesoastobeabletocrossculturalbarrierspropereffectivewithforeignerexchangeinformationandthethoughtsandfeelingsDeeplyunderstandingthenationalculturalinterculturalknowledgestudyofutmostcreatesforeignlanguagecultureatmosphereconductingvariousactivitieswhichhaveadequateopportunitytobetterunderstandculturaldifferencesestablishingandimprovinginterculturalcommunicationsensitiveandconsciousness.
3.
3.1LanguageNormalizationLanguagecodeismainlymanifestedintheformsofwords.AccurategrammaticallycorrectWell-writtennativelanguageinclearandconciseexpressioncanresultuptounderstand.Beingfaithfultotheoriginalshouldbeisthefirststandardofcontracttranslation.Intermsoftranslationmethodliteraltranslationshouldbeadvocatedtotheliteraltranslationasfaraspossibletokeeptheoriginalstructureandlanguage.Becauseoftheemphasisonplainofavoidoncebyallmeansanychangeorcasualstyleforexplaindiscoursestructureandplay.Otherwiseitiseasytocauseambiguityultimatelyaffectonthetranslationofthetermsofthecontractdispute.ForexampleTheengineershallbeatlibertytoobjecttoandrequirethecontractortoremoverfromtheworkanypersonemployedbythecontractorsinorabouttheexecutionormaintenanceoftheworkswho,intheopinionoftheengineer,misconductshimself,orisincompetentornegligentintheproperperformanceofhisdutiesorwhoseemploymentisotherwiseconsideredbytheengineertobeundesirableandsuchpersonshallnotbeagainemployedupontheworkswithoutthewrittenpermissionoftheengineer.译文:工程师有权要求承包商立即解雇用来执行合同的人员,这些人员在工程师看来未履行职责或不称职被解雇的人员未经工程师的书面同意,不得再被雇用Thetranslationcleardictionisnotaccurate.
3.
3.2StyleNormalizationStyleismainlymanifestedinthestandardizationofbusinesscontractEnglishhasuniquepracticalstyle.Translationshouldconformtotheneedsaccordingtoacertaindegreeofitscontendsformsandstyledirectlycorrespondstotheoriginalstyletightfitdoitwellright.Inwritingthecharacteristicsofconcisestrictseriousandgrave.Translationintermoftheuseofworksandstatementscanbeappropriatelyusingmoreformalconformingtothestylisticvocabularytendstostrengthenlawstyle.ForexampleNeitheroftheparitiesheretotothecontractshallatanytimeduringthecontinuancehereofofthiscontractdealwithanyofthesharesoftheJointVentureCompanyownedbythesaidpartywhetherbysalepledgeorotherwiseinanymannerinconsistentwiththecomingoutofitsobligationshereunderunderthiscontractInthisparagraph“hereto”means“与…的关”whichcanbetranslatedinto“签约或合同双方”.“hereof”ismostlyusedincontractsandagreementsoftentranslatedinto“在…中”or“本…的”“hereunder”canbetranslatedinto“下述”或“以下”.Byusingtheseancientprepositionalwordstherepetitionofwordscanbeavoidedwhichmakesitmoreformalmorepoliteandmoreappropriatewithgraveandseriousstyle.Intheapplicationoftechnicalterms“offer”means“提供”“主动”etcinordinaryEnglishbutmeans“发盘”inbusinessEnglishand“要约”incontracts.Thecorrespondent“offer”shouldbetranslatedinto“要约人”and“offeree”and“counteroffer”into“受要约人”and“反要约”.Obviouslythecorrectuseoftermsshouldbeemphasizedinstylesofwriting.Properbusinesscontractitselfhasalsoreflectedinthelaw.Inorderto“get”the“body”ofthisuniquestyleshouldchoosetheidiomstoconformtothelegalnormsoryouwilllosethetangibilityoftheoriginalwhichaffectsthefulltext.Forexample1KnowAllByThesePresents1本人确认法律用语;2通过这些文件,告知所有的人其中1译文比2规范2Whenthefailureoftheeitherpartytofulfillitscontractualintimebringsaboutlosstotheotheronaccountofcausesotherthanforcemajeurethedefaultershallbedatabletopaythepenalty.凡因人力不可以外的原因,一方未能按时履约,而招致对方损失时,未能按时履约方应付罚金原文中“shall”在此不是表示“将来时”,而是表示法律用语的语言形式,一般译为“应该”或“应”;如果译为“将”则失去原文的风格和特征,也就更说不上“得”原文之“体”了Businesscontractwithstylizedproselanguageandstructureofthelayoutoftheformalsoisthedefiningfeatureofitsdiscoursestructure.TranslationformofsomecommonlyusedintheprogramforChinesetoparaphraseorclassicalChinesesentenceorinordertohighlightthestandardizationofchaptersrigorousandprecise.ForexampleThiscontractismadebyandbetweenthebuyerandseller;wherebythebuyeragreetobuyandtheselleragreetoselltheundermentionedcommodityaccordingtothetermsandconditionsstipulatedbelow:兹经买卖双方同意,由买方购进卖方出售下列货物,并按下列条款从严签订本合约TheL/Gshallbecomevalidfromtheissuingdateandshallbecomenullandvoidafterthesellerhascompletedthedeliveryofthecommoditiesunderthecontract.本担保函自开立之日起生效,并将在卖方按合同完成送货之日自动失效
3.
3.3ProfessionNormalizationProfessionalnormalizationissymbolizedinthepropertermsanditsspecialforms.Theprofessionofcontractsinclueslaweconomictradeengineeringfinancialtaxinsurancestorageshipmentcustomcommodityinspectionetc.Itshouldbetranslatedonthebasisoffallunderstandingcarefulanalysisandaccordancewiththelanguagehabit.TheleaderpartnersubmitsacopyoftheshorttermcashflowwhichcoverstheperiodfromSeptember1997toFebruary
1998.Mr.MarchesinihighlightsthemainitemsofthecashflowwhicharethepaymentforTBMSandplantspurchaseoffixedassetsandtheadvancepaymenttosubcontractorsfortheexpenditures.Totranslatethesewordsthekeyistomastersomefinancialtechnicaltermssuchascashflow资金流动、现金流量、现金流转,endowmentfinch留本基金、捐赠基金,advancepayment预付款,receipt收款、收据、收入,downpayment分期付款的定金、第一期付款、租购交易的定金,fixedasset固定资产,expenditure支出、费用、支出额、消费额.Ifthetechnicaltermscannotbeunderstoodthetranslationwillnotproper.Theexacttranslationshouldbe“责任方递交了一份从1997年9月到时候1998年2月的短期现金流量表马切西尼先生强调指出主要的现金流就收入款项而言有集资款和预付款,就支出款项而言有TBM隧洞掘进机设备定金、固定资产购置费和分包商预付款”Theinternationaleconomicactivitiesarefrequentwhosecontentisextensiveandincludesdifferentcrossedsubjects.Theunderstandingofthewordsmustcoverthefieldsandforms.Thetranslatorsshouldbesensitiveandeloquentdealingwiththetranslationcarefully.Otherwiseitwillleadtothedifferentexplanationcuringtheunfulfillmentofthecontracts.Translation Incaseoflossescausedbyabreachofcontract,thefinancialresponsibilityshallbebornebythepartywhohasbreachedthecontract.“经济责任”mainlyreferstotheviolationresponsibilitywhichthepartyviolatesthecontracts.Itstranslationformincludes“赔偿损失”、“支付违约金”、“支付迟延支付金额的利息”等,Thereforeitshouldbetranslatedinto“financialresponsibility”insteadof“economicresponsibility”买方自1997年7月1日起分三年偿付卖方全部设备的总金额Translation ThebuyersshallreimbursethesellersthetotalvalueoftheentireequipmentbyinstallmentsinthreeyearsstatingfromJuly1st,1997.Undertheitemsofcompensationcontracts“偿付”refertocompensatingtheadvancemoneyforequipmentbytheseller.Itshouldbetranslatedintoreimburseinsteadofsettleorlosethemeaningofrepayment.ConclusionWefoundthatthelanguageofcontractisdifferentfromdailylanguage.Contractlanguageisprofessionallongandcomplexandhardtounderstand.Atthesametimecontractastherightsandobligationsofbothpartiesofanofficialdocumentisverystrict.Itisimpossibletounderstandandtofulfillthecontractlackofaccuracy.AsatranslatortoimproveEnglishandChineselevelitshouldbefamiliarwithcontractsandtheircharacteristicsandculturalbackgroundwhicharenotallowedtobeneglected.Itinvolvespoliticaleconomicreligiousandsocialpractices.Itissignificanttotranslatethepreciseinternationaltradecontract.Onlybyobeyingthepracticecontinuousstudyandsummarycantranslationabilitybeefficientlyimproved.Bibliography
[1]陈建平.经贸合同英语的语言特征及其翻译[J].中国翻译20057
[2]陈欧.外贸英语的语义辩[J].中国科技翻译.2002
(4)
[3]陈准民.商务英语翻泽汉泽英[M].北京高等教育出版社2007
[4]傅伟良.合同法律文件翻译谈[J].中国翻译,20025
[5]胡庚申.国际商务合同起草与翻译[M].北京外文出版社,
2002.
[6]李全申.谈谈商务合同的翻译[J].中国翻译.1998
(2)
[7]吴明忠.国际经贸英语合同写作[M].广州暨南大学出版社,2005
[8]张新红.商务英语翻译英译汉[M]北京:高等教育出版社,2003
[6]何自然.语用学概论[M].长沙湖南教育出版社,2008
[7]刘建芳.语境与语境理解[J].商丘师范学院学报,2008,6
[8]覃先美.高等学校英语专业毕业论文导写.长沙湖南师范大学出版社,2008
[9]西光正.语境研究论文集.北京北京语言学院出版社,2008
[10]约翰·费斯克等编撰,李彬译注.关键概念传播与文化研究辞典.北京新华出版社,2008AcknowledgementsIwouldliketotakethischancetoexpressmysinceregratitudetomysupervisorXiaoFuliangwhoistheprofessorintheForeignLanguageDepartmentforherkindassistanceandvaluablesuggestionsduringtheprocessofmythesiswriting.Herwillingnesstogivehertimesogenerouslyhasbeenverymuchappreciated.Mygratitudealsoextendstoalltheteacherswhohavetaughtmeduringmyundergraduateyearsfortheirkindencouragementandpatientinstructions.Lastbutnottheleast;Iwouldliketooffermyparticularthankstomyfriendsandfamilyfortheirencouragementandsupportforthecompletionofthisthesis.。