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四六级英语听力试题的命题规律和解题技巧1
一、四六级英语听力的考查模式1.对话听力部分一般是20个小题由A和B两部分组成第一部分通常是10个对话每个对话设一个小题要求同学们根据对话内容从四个选项中选择正确答案2.短文B部分有两种形式一是听短文一般是三篇120-140字之间的短文每篇短文后有三到四个问题共10道小题该部分主要测试同学们的整体理解能力3.复合式听写B部分的另一种是复合式听写复合式听写由两部分组成一是单词听写要求同学们毫无差错地填出短文所缺单词另一种是补全信息一般是每段的第一句主题句已经给出要求填出具体细节内容说明主题可以使用听到的原话也可以使用自己的语言
二、四六级英语听力的命题规律和测试重点1.对话对话部分考查的重点有1)地点根据对话内容判断对话发生的地点或对话中所提事件发生的地点是四六级英语听力测试中常见的也是比较重要的一个题型地点题一般有以下几种1根据信息词设题
①W:DearIfeelhungrynow.HowaboutyouM:SodoI.Letmecallroomservice.Helloroomservice.Pleasesendamenuto320rightaway.Q:WherearethetwospeakersA.Inahotel.B.Atadinnertable.C.Inthestreet.D.Atthemanshouse.该题通过hungry和menu来迷惑同学们引导大家选择B其实本题所借助的信息词是roomservice和320这个房间号答案是A
②M:CanyoustayfordinnerW:Idloveto.ButIhavetogoandsendsomeregisteredmailbeforepickingupthechildrenfromschool.Q:WherewillthewomangofirstA.TotheschoolB.Toafriendshouse.C.Tothepostoffice.D.Home本题借助registeredmail设题答案是C但这里同样也有地点的辨析问题要求同学们能听出是首先到……地方
③M:ExcusemeImlookingfortheemergencyroom.Ithoughtthatitwasonthefirstfloor.W:Thisisthebasement.Taketheelevatoroneflightupandturnleft.Q:WheredidtheconversationmostprobablytakeplaceA.InalibraryB.Inahotel.C.Inahospital.D.Inanelevator本题设题所依据的信息词是emergencyroom只要考生了解其语域就可判断答案为C2借助对话中提到的多个地点设题有时对话中提到的地点不只一个这时一般是将所有的地点都包括在选项之中这种情况下同学们不必考虑信息词问题只要能将地点与其相关事件联系起来就可确定答案如
①M:Ididnotseeourbossyesterday.HashecomebackW:HewasjustbackfromFrancebesidesvisitingBritainGermanyandSpain.Q:WhichcountrydidthewomanvisitfirstA.FranceB.BritainC.GermanyD.Spain四个地点都是访问过的地点要求同学们能够分清先后答案为B
②M:WillMr.SmithcometothepartyattheweekendW:Hellbesupposedtobuthewontbebackfromhistripuntilthenextweek.Q:WherewillMr.SmithbeonSaturdayA.AtthepartyB.AthomeC.StillonhistripD.Backfromhistrip.本题是将地点与时间连在一起要求同学们在听的同时注意区别每个事件所发生的时间答案为C2)职业、身份根据说话内容判断说话者的身份和职业是四六级听力测试中又一常见题型该题型的题项设计有两种1说话者自身的身份或职业根据谈话内容判断说话者一方的职业或身份
①W:GoodeveningProfessorDavid.MynameisSusanGray.Imwiththelocalnewspaper.DoyoumindifIaskyouafewquestionsM:Notatall.Goaheadplease.Q:WhatisSusanGrayA.Awriter.B.Ateacher.C.Areporter.D.Astudent.由localnewspaper可以判断说话者是位记者在采访
②M:HowaboutthefoodIorderedIvebeenwaitingfor20minutesalready.W:Imverysorrysir.Illbebackwithyourorderinaminute.Q:WhoisthemanmostprobablyspeakingtoA.Ashopassistant.B.Atelephoneoperator.C.Awaitress.D.Aclerk.与order有关的自然是waitress答案为A2说话双方之间的关系该题型是上一题型的延伸要求同学们能判断说话者双方的身份问题经常是Whatstherelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers
①W:HowlongwillittakeyoutofixmywatchM:Illcallyouwhenitsready.Butitshouldnttakelongerthanaweek.Q:WhatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakersA.Librarianandstudent.B.Operatorandcaller.C.Bossandsecretary.D.Customerandrepairman.既然女士让男的fixmywatch说明对方是repairman而自己是customer
②M:Sorrytotroubleyou.ButisthereanypossibilityofborrowingablanketIfeelcold.W:Ithinkwevegotone.Couldyouwaituntilaftertake-offpleaseQ:WhatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthetwospeakersA.Aguestandareceptionist.B.Apassengerandanairhostess.C.Acustomerandashopassistant.D.Aguestandawaitress.take-off一词的使用说明女的是空姐答案自然是B可以看出职业、身份以及说话双方关系的选择所依据的同样是信息词当然要判断双方的关系还可以从说话的方式入手如M:MakethirtycopiesformeandtwentycopiesforMr.Brown.W:Certainlysir.AssoonasImakethefinalcorrectionsontheoriginal.Q:WhatstherelationshipbetweenthetwospeakersA.Bossandsecretary.B.Lawyerandclient.C.Teacherandstudent.D.Nurseandpatient.两人间说话的语气和方式表明是老板与秘书的关系3)计算题计算题在四六级英语听力中属于比较难的题型要求同学们不仅能分辨不同的时间、金钱等数量概念还应能将听到的各个数量联系起来进行加减运算如
①M:Yoursonseemstohavemademuchprogressinplayingthepiano.DoesheattendanypianoclassesW:YeshetakeslessonstwiceaweekbutfromnextweekonhewillgototheclassonSaturdayeveningstoo.Q:HowoftenwillthewomanssonhavepianolessonsfromnextweekonA.Onceaweek.B.Twiceaweek.C.Threetimesaweek.D.Fourtimesaweek.两次加一次自然是三次答案是C
②W:ProfessorClarksaidthatthemid-termexamwouldcoverthefirst15lessons.M:ReallyIthoughtitonlyincludedthefirst12lessons.ThenImustspendtheweekendgoingovertherestofthelessons.Q:HowmanylessonsmustthemanreviewovertheweekendA.Fivelessons.B.Threelessons.C.TwelvelessonsD.Fifteenlessons.这是最简单的计算题只要同学们不将答案误认为是C或D就不会出错
③W:Heresa10-dollarbill.Givemetwoticketsfortonightsshowplease.M:Sure.Twoticketsandhereis140change.Q:HowmuchdoesoneticketcostA.
1.
40.B.
4.
30.C.
6.
40.D.
8.6010美元两张票找零
1.40美元说明每张票为
4.30美元从以上例子可以看出含有数量概念的题对话中提到的数量一般不可能为正确答案总要同学们进行一些简单的加减运算4)言外之意、弦外之音推测说话者话中之话是听力中必考的题型从试题的设计特点来看大体有一下几种1对虚拟语气的考查包含虚拟语气的听力考题中一般都有是与非相对的选项这就要求同学们了解虚拟语气的表意功能根据虚拟语气判断正确选项如
①W:ImthinkingofgoingtoAustinforavisit.DoyouthinkitsworthseeingM:WellIwishIhadbeenthere.Q:WhatdowelearnfromtheconversationA.ThemanisplanningatriptoAustin.B.ThemanhasnotbeentoAustinbefore.C.ThemandoesntlikeAustin.D.ThemanhasbeentoAustinbefore.IwishIhadbeenthere.说明说话人没有去过
②W:IfithadntbeensnowingsohardImighthavebeenhomeby9oclock.M:Itstoobadyoudidntmakeit.Janewashereandshewantedtoseeyou.Q:WhathappenedtothewomanA.Shegothomebefore9oclock.B.Shehadabadcold.C.Shehadacaraccident.D.Shewasdelayed.IfithadntbeensnowingsohardImighthavebeenhomeby9oclock.说明因为雪太大说话者未能在9点前到家也就是说shewasdelayed2对建议的考查建议题要求同学们掌握建议的各种表达方式根据建议选择正确选项如
①W:Themoviestartsin5minutesandtheresboundtobealongtime.M:WhydontwecomebackforthenextshowImsureitwouldbelesscrowded.Q:WhatisthemansuggestingA.Comingbackforalatershow.B.Waitinginaqueue.C.Comingbackinfiveminutes.D.Notgoingtothemovietoday.Whydont…上一种建议表达方式根据该句所表达的内容可以判断答案是A
②W:Wedoneedanotherbookshelfinthisroom.Buttheproblemisthespaceforit.M:Howaboutmovingtheolddiningtabletothekitchen?Q:WhatdoesthemansuggesttheyshoulddoA.Findingalargerroom.B.Selltheoldtable.C.Buytwobookshelves.D.Rearrangesomefurniture.根据movingthediningtabletothekitchen来判断答案为D建议的表达方式还有Whynot…Whatdoyouthinkof…IfIwereyou/IfIwereinyourshoesIwould…Shallwe…Isuggest….Youdbetter/Yououghtto….3对话题的考查话题指会话双方所谈论的话题要求同学们具有概括能力如
①W:DoyouwantadaycourseoraneveningcourseM:WellitwouldhavetobeaneveningcoursesinceIworkduringtheday.Q:WhataretheytalkingaboutA.Thechoiceofcourses.B.Adaycourse.C.Aneveningcourse.D.Theirwork.两个人谈论的是选白天的课还是晚上的课由此可以判断答案应该是A
②M:Iwasterriblyembarrassedwhensomeoftheaudiencegotupandleftinthemiddleoftheperformance.W:Wellsomepeoplejustcantseemtoappreciatethereal-lifedrama.Q:WhataretheytalkingaboutA.Amovie.B.Alecture.C.Aplay.D.Aspeech.从对话中的audienceperformance与其说drama可以判断他们所谈论的是aplay4同义表达方式的考查四六级听力测试中对隐含意思的考查很大程度上依赖于同义表达方式,也就是同学们对具体句式、短语、词组甚至单词的理解如
①M:WhatdoyouthinkofProfessorBrownslectureW:ThetopicwasinterestingbutthelecturewasmuchmoredifficulttofollowthanIhadexpected.Q:WhatdoesthewomansayaboutthelectureA.Itwasalonglecturebuteasytounderstand.B.Itwasnotaseasyasshehadexpected.C.Itwasasdifficultasshehadexpected.D.Itwasinterestingandeasytofollow.与muchmoredifficulttofollowthanIhadexpected同义的应该是B
②M:NancywhywereyoulatetodayW:Ioversleptandmissedthebus.Q:WhywasNancylateA.Shegotuplaterthanusual.B.Thebuswaslate.C.Sheforgotshehadclass.D.Herclockwasslow.overslept也就是gotuplaterthanusual
③M:DidyoumindcomingbackbycoachinsteadofbytrainW:Nowedidntmindatall.Ittookalotlongerbutitwasverycomfortableanditwasmuchcheaper.Q:HowdidthewomanfeelaboutthecomingbackbycoachA.Shefeltitwastiring.B.Shefeltitwasverynice.C.Shefeltittooklesstime.D.Shethoughtitwasexpensive.从comfortable和muchcheaper来看,女士的感觉应该是verynice,答案应该是B5上下义概念的考查有些题尽管问题可能问的是含义之类,但其实考查的是同学们对上下义关系的掌握如
①M:Letmesee.Iveprintedmyfamilynamefirstnamedateofbirthandaddress.AnythingelseW:Nothatsallright.Wellfillintherestofitifyoujustsignyournameatthebottom.Q:WhathasthemanbeendoingA.Havinganinterview.B.Fillingoutaform.C.Talkingwithafriend.D.Askingforinformation.上义词为概括性词语,下义词所表示的则是具体的东西本题中能够概括男士所做之事的应该是选项B
②M:WhathappenedtoyouYouaresolate.W:ThebusItookbrokedowninfrontofthehospitalandIhadtowalkfromthere.Q:WhywasthewomansolateA.Somethingwentwrongwiththebus.B.Shetooksomebodytohospital.C.Somethingpreventedherfromcatchingthebus.D.Shecameonfootinsteadoftakingabus.Somethingwentwrong是对thebusbreakdown的概括性表述对话听力中其它考查项目,如因果、条件、否定、比较等可参看四六级考试的《听力分册》。