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ReadingComprehensionforCET6Passage1Inthe1962movieLawrenceofArabiaonesceneshowsanAmericannewspaperreportereagerlysnappingphotosofmenlootingasabotagedtrain.OneofthelootersChiefAudaabuTayioftheHoweitatclansuddenlynoticesthecameraandsnatchesit.AmIinthisheasksbeforesmashingitopen.TothedismayedreporterLawrenceexplainsHethinksthesethingswillstealhisvirtue.Hethinksyoureakindofthief.Assoonascolonizersandexplorersbegantakingcamerasintodistantlandsstoriesbegancirculatingabouthowindigenouspeoplessawthemastoolsforblackmagic.Theignorantnativesmayhavehadapoint.Whenphotographyfirstbecameavailablescientistswelcomeditasamoreobjectivewayofrecordingfarawaysocietiesthanearlytravelersexaggeratedaccounts.Butinsomewaysanthropologicalphotographsrevealmoreabouttheculturethatholdsthecamerathantheonethatstaresback.Upintothe1950sand1960smanyethnographerssoughtpurepicturesofprimitiveculturesroutinelydeletingmodernaccoutrementssuchasclocksandWesterndress.Theypaidmenandwomentore-enactritualsortoposeasmembersofwarorhuntingpartiesoftenwithlittleregardforveracity.EdwardCurtisthelegendaryphotographerofNorthAmericanIndiansforexamplegotoneMakahmantoposeasawhalerwithaspearin1915--eventhoughtheMakahhadnothuntedwhalesinageneration.Thesephotographsreinforcedwidelyacceptedstereotypesthatindigenouscultureswereisolatedprimitiveandunchanging.ForinstanceNationalGeographicmagazinesphotographshavetaughtmillionsofAmericansaboutothercultures.AsCatherineLutzandJaneCollinspointoutintheir1993bookReadingNationalGeographicthemagazinesinceitsfoundingin1888haskeptatraditionofpresentingbeautifulphotosthatdontchallengewhitemiddle-classAmericanconventions.Whiledark-skinnedwomencanbeshownwithouttopsforexamplewhitewomensbreastsaretaboo.Photosthatcouldunsettleordisturbsuchasareasoftheworldtornasunderbywarorfaminearediscardedinfavorofthosethatreassuretoconformwiththesocietysstatedpledgetopresentonlykindlyvisionsofforeignsocieties.TheresultLutzandCollinssayisthedepictionofanidealizedandexoticworldrelativelyfreeofpainorclassconflict.LutzactuallylikesNationalGeographicalot.Shereadthemagazineasachildanditslushimageryinfluencedhereventualchoiceofanthropologyasacareer.Shejustthinksthataspeoplelookatthephotographsofotherculturestheyshouldbealerttothechoiceofcompositionandimages.
1.Themainideaofthepassageis______________.[A]PhotographstakenbyWesternexplorersreflectmoreWesterners’perceptionoftheindigenousculturesandtheWesternvalues.[B]ThereisacomplicatedrelationshipbetweentheWesternexplorersandtheprimitivepeoples.[C]PopularmagazinessuchasNationalGeographicshouldshowpicturesoftheexoticandidealizedworldstomaintainhighsales.[D]Anthropologistsaskthenativestoposefortheirpicturescompromisingthetruthfulnessoftheirpictures.
2.Wecaninferfromthepassagethatearlytravelerstothenativelandsoften_________.[A]tookpictureswiththenatives[B]gaveexaggeratedaccountsofthenativelands[C]askforpicturesfromthenatives[D]gavethenativesclocksandWesterndresses
3.TheauthormentionsthemovieLawrenceofArabiato___________.[A]showhowpeopleintheindigenoussocietiesareportrayedbyWesterners.[B]illustratehowpeoplefromprimitivesocietiesseecamerasastoolsofblackmagicthatstealtheirvirtues.[C]showhowanthropologistsportrayuntruthfulpicturesofnativepeople.[D]showthecruelandbarbariansideofthenativepeople.
4.“Butinsomewaysanthropologicalphotographsrevealmoreabouttheculturethatholdsthecamerathantheonethatstaresback.”Inthissentencethe“one[culture]thatstaresback”refersto_______.[A]theindigenousculture[B]theWesternculture[C]theacademicculture[D]thenewsbusinessculture
5.WithwhichofthefollowingstatementswouldCatherineLutzmostprobablyagree[A]ReportersfromtheWesternsocietiesshouldroutinelydeletemodernelementsinpicturestakenoftheindigenoussocieties.[B]TheprimitiveculturesareinferiortothemoreadvancedWesternculture.[C]Thewesternmediaarenotpresentingarealisticpictureofthefarawaysocieties.[D]PeopleintheWesternnewsbusinessshouldtrynottochallengethewell-establishedwhitemiddle-classvalues.答案:ABBACPassage2TheBritishMedicalJournalrecentlyfeaturedastrongresponsetowhatwasjudgedaninappropriatelylenientreactionbyamedicalschooltoastudentcheatinginanexamination.Althoughwehaveinsufficientreliabledataabouttheextentofthisphenomenonitspreventionoritseffectivemanagementmuchcanbeconcludedandactedupononthebasisofcommonsenseandconceptswithfacevalidity.Thereisgeneralagreementthatthereshouldbezerotoleranceofcheatinginaprofessionbasedontrustandoneonwhichhumanlivesdepend.Itisreasonabletoassumethatcheatersinmedicalschoolwillbemorelikelythanotherstocontinuetoactdishonestlywithpatientscolleaguesinsurersandgovernment.Thebehavioursunderquestionaremultifactorialinorigin.Therearefamilialreligiousandculturalvaluesthatareacquiredlongbeforemedicalschool.Forexamplecountriesculturesandsubculturesexistwherebribesanddishonestbehaviourarealmostanorm.Therearesecondaryschoolsinwhichneitherstaffnorstudentstoleratecheatingandotherswherecheatingisrampant;therearehomeswhichimbueyoungpeoplewithhighstandardsofethicalbehaviourandotherswhichleaveethicaltrainingtotheharmfulinfluenceoftelevisionandthemarketplace.Medicalschoolsreflectsocietyandcannotbeexpectedtoremedyalltheillsofasociety.Theselectionprocessofmedicalstudentsmightbeexpectedtofavourcandidateswithintegrityandpositiveethicalbehaviour—ifonehadareliablemethodfordetectingsuchcharacteristicsinadvance.Medicalschoolsshouldbethemajorfocusofattentionforimbuingfuturedoctorswithintegrityandethicalsensitivity.Unfortunatelytherearetroublingifinconclusivedatathatsuggestthatduringmedicalschooltheethicalbehaviourofmedicalstudentsdoesnotnecessarilyimprove;indeedmoraldevelopmentmayactuallystoporevenregress.Thecreationofapervasiveinstitutionalcultureofintegrityisessential.Itiscriticalthattheacademicandclinicalleadersoftheinstitutionsetapersonalexampleofintegrity.Medicalschoolsmustmaketheirinstitutionalpositionandtheirexpectationsofstudentsabsolutelyclearfromdayone.Thedevelopmentofaschoolscultureofintegrityrequiresapartnershipwiththestudentsinwhichtheyplayanactiveroleinitscreationandnurturing.Moreovertheschoolsexaminationsystemandgeneraltreatmentofstudentsmustbeperceivedasfair.Finallythetreatmentofinfractionsmustbefirmfairtransparentandconsistent.
6.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutcheatinginmedicalschools[A]Extensiveresearchhasbeendoneaboutthisphenomenon.[B]Wehavesufficientdatatoprovethatpreventionisfeasible.[C]Wearesafetoconcludethatthisphenomenonexistsonagrandscale.[D]Reliabledataabouttheextentpreventionandmanagementofthephenomenonislacking.
7.Accordingtotheauthoritisimportanttopreventcheatinginmedicalschoolsbecause____________.[A]Themedicalprofessionisbasedontrust.[B]Thereiszerotoleranceofcheatinginmedicine.[C]Themedicalprofessiondependsonthegovernment.[D]Cheatingexistsextensivelyinmedicalschools.
8.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutthecausesofcheating[A]Familycultureandsocietyplayanactivepart.[B]Badschoolenvironmentistheleadingcauseofstudentcheating.[C]Parentsarealwaystoblamefortheirchildren’scheatingbehaviour.[D]CheatingexistsprimarilybecausestudentslearnbadthingsfromTV.
9.Accordingtotheauthorwhatprecautionsshouldmedicalschoolstaketopreventstudentsfromcheating[A]Medicalschoolsshouldestablishafirmmoralstandardtoweedoutapplicantswithlowintegrity.[B]Medicalschoolsshouldmakeeffortstoremedytheillsofasociety.[C]Medicalschoolsshouldteachfuturedoctorsintegrityandethicalvalues.[D]Thereisnothingmedicalschoolscandotoimprovetheethicalbehaviouroftheirstudents.
10.Theauthorwillprobablyagreewithwhichofthefollowingstatements[A]Medicalschoolsshouldmakeexamseasierforthestudentstoalleviatethefiercecompetition.[B]Prominentfiguresinthemedicalinstitutionshouldcreateasetofmoralstandardstobeappliedinmedicalschools.[C]Medicalstudentsshouldplayanactiveroleinthecreationandpreservationofacultureofintegrity.[D]Thosestudentswhocheatintheexamsshouldbeinstantlyexpelledfromschool.答案:DAACCPassage3Abigfocusofthecriticismofcomputergameshasconcernedthecontentofthegamesbeingplayed.Whenthenarrativesofthegamesareanalyzedtheycanbeseentofallintosomegenres.ThetwogenresmostpopularwiththechildrenIinterviewedwere‘Platformers’and‘Beat-them-ups.’PlatformgamessuchasSonicandSuperMarioinvolveleapingfromplatformtoplatformavoidingobstaclesmovingonthroughthelevelsandprogressingthroughthedifferentstagesofthegame.Beat-them-upsarethegameswhichhavecausedconcernovertheirviolentcontent.Thesegamesinvolvefightsbetweenanimatedcharacters.Inmanywaysthisviolencecanbecomparedtoviolencewithinchildren’scartoonswhereacharacterishitovertheheadorfallsofacliffbutwalksawayunscathed.Controversyhasoccurredinpartbecauseoftheintensityofthegameplaywhichissaidtospilloverintochildren’severydaylives.Thereareworriesthatchildrenarebecomingmoreviolentandaggressiveafterprolongedexposuretothesegames.Playingcomputergamesinvolvesfeelingsofintensefrustrationandangerwhichoftenexpressesitselfinaggressive‘yells’atthescreen.Itisnotonlythe‘Beat-them-up’gameswhichproducethisaggression;platformgamesarejustasfrustratingwhenthecharacterslosealltheir‘lives’and‘die’justbeforetheendofthelevelisreached.Computergamingreliesuponintenseconcentrationonthemovingimagesonthescreenanddemandsgreathand-to-eyecoordination.Whentheplayerlosesandthewords‘Gameover’appearonthescreenthereisannoyanceandfrustrationatbeingbeatenbythecomputerandathavingmadeanerror.Thisangerandaggressioncouldperhapsbecomparedtotheaggressionfeltwhenplayingfootballandyoutakeyoureyeofftheballandenabletheoppositiontoscore.Theannoyanceexperiencedwhendefeatedatacomputergameiswhatmakesgaming‘addictive’:theplayerisdeterminednottomakethesamemistakeagainandtohave‘onelastgo’inthehopeofdoingbetternexttime.Someoftheconcernovertheviolenceofcomputergameshasbeenaboutchildrenwhoareunabletotellthedifferencebetweenfictionandrealityandwhoactouttheviolentmovesofthegamesinfightontheplayground.Theproblemwithvideogamesisthattheyinvolvechildrenmorethantelevisionorfilmsandthismeanstherearemoreimplicationsfortheirsocialbehavior.Playingthesegamescanleadtoanti-socialbehaviormakechildrenaggressiveandaffecttheiremotionalstability.
11.Whatisthetopicofthisarticle[A]Howdoesplayingcomputergamesaffectthelevelofviolenceinchildren[B]ThereisnodifferencebetweenPlatformgamesand‘Beat-Them-Ups’.[C]Howtocontrolangerwhileplayingcomputergames[D]Howtomakechildrenspendlesstimeoncomputergames
12.Whichofthefollowinggamesissupposedtocontainviolentcontent[A]Sonic[B]SuperMario[C]Platformer[D]Beat-Them-Up
13.WhatdoesunscathedParagraph1Lastlineprobablymean[A]unsettled[B]unbeaten[C]unharmed[D]unhappy
14.Accordingtothesecondparagraphhowdoesviolencerelatetoplayingcomputergames[A]Whenlosingcomputergameschildrentendtoexperiencefrustrationandanger.[B]Beat-Them-Upsaremorepopularwithchildrenthereforemorelikelytoproduceviolentbehavior.[C]Peoplewhohavegoodhand-eye-coordinationtendtobemoreviolentthanothers.[D]Theviolentcontentinthegamesgetschildrenaddictedtothegames.
15.AccordingtotheauthorwhydovideogamesleadtoviolencemorethanTVormovies[A]Becausechildrencannottellfictionfromreality.[B]Becausechildrenliketoactoutthescenesinthegamesontheplayground.[C]BecausecomputergamesinvolvechildrenmorethanTVorfilms.[D]Becausecomputergamescanproducemoreanti-socialbehavior.答案:ADCACPassage4InBrazilthedebateovergeneticallymodifiedorganismsorGMOsaffectsmostlysoybeanproduction.BrazilistheworldssecondlargestproducerofsoybeansbehindtheUnitedStatesandaheadofArgentina.MostEuropeanandAsianretailerswanttoremainGMfree.Non-governmentalorganizationsNGOsinBrazilaregoingonamediaoffensivetopreventthelegalizationofgeneticallymodifiedcrops.Environmentalistsandconsumergroupsforyearshavebeenabletothwartgovernmentandcompaniesattemptstolegalizealteredfood.InradiodramasthatarebeingbroadcastinremoteregionsBrazilianNGOsaretellingsoyfarmerstheuseofgeneticallymodifiedseedscouldendangertheirhealththeirfieldsandtheirbusiness.Wearenotsayingthatgeneticengineeringisinprinciplesomethingbad;wesaythatweneedmoresciencetobesurethatitwillworkinanappropriatewaywithnoharminthefuturesaidcampaigncoordinatorJean-MarcvonderWeid.Thisisbothforhealthandenvironmentalreasons.Theotherquestionisoneconomics.WhatwethinkisthatinBrazilifweapprovetheGMOswewillloseaspectacularadvantagethatwehavenow.WearesellingmoretotheinternationalmarketmostlyforEuropeandAsiathanwehavedoneinourhistorybecausewearenotGMOcontaminated.AnotheroppositiongroupActionAidhasbeenorganizinggrass-rootssupportinBrazilianfarmingregionstorouseconsumersentimentagainstlegalization.ActionAidpublicpolicydirectorAdrianoCampolinasaysheisfightingforfarmerstoremainindependent.Whenthesmall-scalefarmerorabigfarmerstartsusingthiskindofseedthisfarmerwillbecompletelydependentonthetransnationalswhichcontrolintellectualpropertyrightsovertheseseedshesaid.BrazilianscientistCrodowaldoPavansaidthereshouldbechecksonwhatmultinationalscandobutthatdoesntmeanGMseedsshouldbebanned.Hesaysfearsovertheirusageareunfounded.DespitetheofficialbanDr.PavansaysuptoonethirdofBrazilssoycropisgeneticallymodifiedbecauseGMseedisbeingsmuggledfromArgentina.BrazilsgovernmenthasinvestedheavilyinaGMprojectbytheU.S.biotechcompanyMonsantobuttheprojectwasputonicefollowingasuccessfulcourtchallengebyconsumers.Theanti-GMOgroupsarehopingthepoliticians’preoccupationwiththeOctoberpresidentialelectionwillgivethemtimetogatherenoughsupporttodefeatanyfutureattemptstolegalizegeneticallyalteredcrops.
41.AccordingtothepassagetheissueindisputeinBrazilis___________.[A]contaminationoftheenvironmentbygeneticallymodifiedcrops.[B]Brazil’sstandingintheinternationalmarket[C]theOctoberpresidentialelection[D]thelegalizationofgeneticallymodifiedorganisms
42.AccordingtothepassageBrazilistheworld’s_____________soybeanproducer.[A]largest[B]secondlargest[C]thirdlargest[D]fourthlargest
43.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaboutNGOsinBrazil[A]Theybelievegeneticallymodifiedcropswillharmthefarmers’health.[B]Theybelievegeneticengineeringisaltogetherabadpractice.[C]TheybelievescientificmethodsshouldbeintroducedtoensureGMbringsnoharm.[D]TheybelieveGMOswillharmBrazileconomically.
44.WhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueabouttheorganizationcalledActionAid[A]Theyencouragethefarmerstoproducegeneticallymodifiedproducts.[B]Theyencouragethefarmerstodependonthemselvesforseeds.[C]Theystronglysupportthelegalizationofgeneticallymodifiedproducts.[D]Theyencouragethefarmerstoupgradetheirfarmstobiggerones.
45.WhatdoestheBrazilianscientistCrodowaldoPavansayaboutgeneticallymodifiedproducts[A]Geneticallymodifiedseedsshouldbebanned.[B]Brazilgovernmentshouldcrackdownonthesmugglingofgeneticallymodifiedseeds.[C]Thefearovertheuseofgeneticallymodifiedseedsisuncalledfor.[D]Consumersshouldfilemorelawsuitstoprotecttheirrights.答案:DBBBCPassage5TheGuidfordFourfreedlastweekafterspending15yearsinprisonforcrimestheydidnotcommitwouldalmostcertainlyhavebeenexecutedforthepubbombingtheywereconvictedof.Theyhadthedeathpenaltybeeninforceatthetimeoftheirtrial.Theymaynowbeadecentintervalbeforethepro-hanginglobbywhichhasthesupportofthePrimeMinistermakesanotherattempttoreintroducethenoose.Reflectionsalongtheselineswereabouttheonlykindofconsolationtobederivedfromthisgrossmiscarriageofjusticewhichisnowtobethesubjectofajudicial司法的inquiry.Inthemeantimedefenselawyersaredemandingcompensationandhaveinmindabouthalfamillionpoundsforeachoftheirclients.Thefirstthreetobereleased-Mr.GeraldConlonMr.PaddyArmstrongandMs.CaroleRichardson-leftprisonwiththe34poundswhichisgiventoalldepartinginmates.ThefourthMr.PaulHillwasnotreleasedimmediatelybuttakentoBelfastwherehelodgedanappealagainsthisconvictionforthemurderofaformerBritishsoldier.SincethisconvictiontoowasbasedonthenowdiscreditedstatementsallegedlymadetotheSurveypolicehewasimmediatelyletoutonbail保释.Butheleftempty-handed.Theimmediatereactiontothescandalwasreneweddemandforthere-examinationofthecaseagainsttheBirminghamSixwhoareservinglifesentencesforpubbombingsinthatcity.ThusfartheHomesecretaryMr.DouglasHurdisinsistingthatthetwocasesarenotcomparable;thatwhatisnowknownabouttheGuilfordinvestigationhasnorelevancetowhathappenedinBirmingham.Mr.Hurdisrighttotheextentthattherewasasmall-thoughflimsyandhotly-contested-amountofcrimeevidenceintheBirminghamcase.ThedisturbingsimilarityisthattheBirminghamSixliketheGuilfordFourclaimthatpoliceofficersliedandfabricatedevidencetosecureaconviction.Makingscapegoats替罪羊ofafewroguepoliceofficerswillnotbesufficienttoeliminatetheGuilfordmiscarriageofjustice.Thesearealreadydemandsthatthelawshouldbechanged;firsttomakeitimpossibletoconvicton“confessions”alone;andsecondlytorequirethatstatementsfromaccusedpersonsshouldonlybetakeninthepresenceofanindependentthirdpattytoensuretheyarenotmadeunderpunishment.ItwasalsobeingnotedthisweekthattheGuilfordFourowetheirreleasemoretobepersistenceofinvestigativereportersthantothediligenceofeitherthejudiciaryorthepolice.Yetinvestigativereports-particularlyontelevision-haverecentlybeenaparticulartargetforthecondemnationofMrs.ThatcherandsomeofherministerswhoseemtothinkthatTVshouldbemuzzled钳制言论的手段inthepublicinterestandlefttogetonwithsoapoperasandquizshows.
1.Theword“noose”Line7Para.1hastheclosestmeaningto________.[A].deathpenalty[B].hanging[C].trial[D].punishment
2.Tocompensatethemiscarriageofjusticethedefenselawyersmay_________.[A].demand500000poundsfortheGuilfordFour.[B].demand500000poundsforeachoftheGuilfordFour.[C].demand1000000poundsforeachoftheGuilfordFour.[D].demandare-examinationoftheBirminghampubbombings.
3.Whywasthereareneweddemandforthere-examinationofthecaseagainsttheBirminghamSix[A].TheBirminghamSixwerebelievedtohavecriminalconnectionswiththeGuilfordFour.[B].Thetwocasesweresimilarinthatbothwereaboutpubbombings.[C].ThebombingsinBirminghamhappenedatthesametime.[D].TheBirminghamSixalsoclaimedthattherewerepolicemalpractice’sintheircase.
4.Theexistinglawstatesthat________.[A].convictionscanbemadeonconfessionsandstatementstakenbypoliceofficersfromaccusedpersonsarevalidlegalevidence.[B].convictionscan’tbemadeonconfessionsaloneandthereshouldbeathirdpartywhentakingstatementsfromaccusedpersons.[C].convictionscanbemadeonconfessionsandathirdpartyshouldbepresentwhentakingstatementsfromaccusedpersons.[D].convictionscan’tbemadeonconfessionsaloneandthestatementstakenbypoliceofficersfromaccusedpersonsarevalidlegalevidence.
5.AccordingtothearticlewhichofthefollowingpartiescontributedmosttothereleaseoftheGuilfordFour[A].Reporters[B].Lawyers[C].Thepolice[D].Thejudiciary答案:BBDAAPassage6Thestandardoflivingofanycountrymeanstheaveragepersonsshareofthegoodsandserviceswhichthecountryproduces.Acountrysstandardoflivingthereforedependsfirstandforemostonitscapacitytoproducewealth.Wealthinthissenseisnotmoneyforwedonotliveonmoneybutonthingsthatmoneycanbuy:goodssuchasfoodandclothingandservicessuchastransportandentertainment.Acountryscapacitytoproducewealthdependsuponmanyfactorsmostofwhichhaveaneffectononeanother.Wealthdependstoagreatextentuponacountrysnaturalresourcessuchascoalgoldandothermineralswatersupplyandsoon.Someregionsoftheworldarewellsuppliedwithcoalandmineralsandhaveafertilesoilandafavorableclimate;otherregionspossessperhapsonlyoneofthesethingsandsomeregionspossessnoneofthem.TheU.S.Aisoneofthewealthiestregionsoftheworldbecauseshehasvastnaturalresourceswithinherbordershersoilisfertileandherclimateisvaried.TheSaharaDesertontheotherhandisoneoftheleastwealthy.Nexttonaturalresourcescomestheabilitytoturnthemtouse.ChinaisperhapsaswelloffastheU.S.A.innaturalresourcesbutsufferedformanyyearsfromcivilandexternalwarsandforthisandotherreasonswas.unabletodevelopherresources.Soundandstablepoliticalconditionsandfreedomfromforeigninvasionenableacountrytodevelopitsnaturalresourcespeacefullyandsteadilyandtoproducemorewealththananothercountryequallywellservedbynaturebutlesswellordered.Anotherimportantfactoristhetechnicalefficiencyofacountryspeople.Oldcountriesthathavethroughmanycenturiestrainedupnumerousskilledcraftsmenandtechniciansarebetterplacedtoproducewealththancountrieswhoseworkersarelargelyunskilled.Wealthalsoproduceswealth.Asacountrybecomeswealthieritspeoplehavealargemarginforsavingandcanputtheirsavingsintofactoriesandmachineswhichwillhelpworkerstoturnoutmoregoodsintheirworkingday.
1.Acountryswealthdependsupon______.[A].itsstandardofliving[B].itsmoney[C].itsabilitytoprovidegoodsandservices[D].itsabilitytoprovidetransportandentertainment
2.Thewordforemostmeans______.[A].mostimportantly[B].firstly[C].largely[D].forthemostpart
3.Themainideaofthesecondparagraphisthat______.[A].acountryswealthdependsonmanyfactors[B]].theU.S.A.isoneofthewealthiestcountriesintheworld[C].theSaharaDesertisaverypoorregion[D].naturalresourcesareanimportantfactorinthewealthorpovertyofacountry
4.Thethirdparagraphmentionssomeoftheadvantageswhichonecountrymayhaveoveranotherinmakinguseofitsresources.Howmanysuchadvantagesarementionedinthisparagraph[A].2[B].3[C].4[D].
55.Thesecondsentence.inParagraph3is______.[A].themainideaoftheparagraph[B].anexamplesupportingthemainideaoftheparagraph[C].theconclusionoftheparagraph[D].notrelatedtotheparagraph答案:CAABBPassage7TheproductivityofAmericansemployedinprivatebusinesseshasdeclined.TheproductivityofworkersincountriessuchasJapanandGermanyisincreasing.Americanmachinetoolsonaverageareoldrelativelyinefficientandrapidlybecomingobsoletewhereasthoseofourcompetitorsoverseasincomparisonarenewerandmoreefficient.Wearenolongerthemostproductiveworkersintheworld.Wearenolongertheleadersinindustrialinnovation革新.Weareanimmenselywealthynationofeducatedmenandwomenwhoseemtohavelostsightofthefactthateverything—fromthesimplestnecessitiestothefinestluxuries—mustbeproducedthroughourowncollectivehardwork.Wehavecometoexpectautomaticincreasesinourcollectivestandardoflivingbutweseemtohaveforgottenthattheseincreasesarepossibleonlywhenourproductivitycontinuestogrow.Onethingthatmustchangeistherateatwhichwesubstitutecapitalequipmentforhumanlabor.Simplyputourlaborforcehasincreasedatafargreaterratethanhasourstockofcapitalinvestment.Weseemtohaveforgottenthatourpastproductivitygainstoalargeextentwererealizedfromsubstitutionsofcapitalforhumanlabor.Today3timesasmanyrobotsarelistedascapitalassetsbyJapanesefirmsasbyUnitedStatesfirms.ThereisnodoubtthatrobotswillbecomeacommonsightinAmericanfactories.Representinganewgenerationoftechnologyrobotswillreplacefactorylabormuchasthefarmtractorreplacedthehorse.Robottechnologyhasmuchtooffer.Itoffershigherlevelsofproductivityandqualityatlowercosts;inpromisestofreemenandwomenfromthedullrepetitioustoilofthefactoryitislikelytohaveanimpactonsocietycomparabletothatmadebythegrowthofcomputertechnology.
1.ThewordobsoletePara.1mostprobablymeans_______.[A].weak[B].old[C].new[D].outofdate
2.Theauthorisanxiousabout_______.[A].hispeoplenolongertakingtheleadinindustrialinnovation[B].hiscountrynolongerbeingawealthynation[C].hispeopleforgettingtoraisetheirproductivity[D].hiscountryfallingbehindotherindustrialnations
3.Accordingtotheauthorinhiscountry_______..[A].theproportionoflaborforcetocapitalinvestmentisquitelow[B].thegrowthrateoflaborforceshouldbegreaterthanthatofcapitalinvestment[C].theproductivityincreasesshouldbeachievedbytheincreasesoflaborforce[D].capitalinvestmentshouldhaveincreasedmorerapidlythanlaborforce
4.Sofarastheinfluenceonsocietyisconcerned_______.[A].robottechnologyseemstobemuchmorepromisingthancomputertechnology[B].computertechnologyhaslesstoofferthanrobottechnology[C].robottechnologycanbecomparedwithcomputertechnology[D].robottechnologycannotbecomparedwithcomputertechnology
5.Thepurposeoftheauthorinwritingthispassageistoshowthat_______.[A].robotswillhelpincreaselaborproductivity[B].robotswillruleAmericanfactories[C].robotsarecheaperthanhumanlaborers[D].robotswillfinallyreplacehumansinfactories答案:DCDCAPassage8Pronouncingalanguageisaskill.Everynormalpersonisexpertintheskillofpronouncinghisownlanguage;butfewpeopleareevenmoderatelyproficientatpronouncingforeignlanguages.Nowtherearemanyreasonsforthissomeobvioussomeperhapsnotsoobvious.ButIsuggestthatthefundamentalreasonwhypeopleingeneraldonotspeakforeignlanguagesverymuchbetterthantheydoisthattheyfailtograspthetruenatureoftheproblemoflearningtopronounceandconsequentlyneversetabouttacklingitintherightway.Fartoomanypeoplefailtorealizethatpronouncingaforeignlanguageisaskill—onethatneedscarefultrainingofaspecialkindandonethatcannotbeacquiredbyjustleavingittotakecareofitself.Ithinkeventeachersoflanguagewhilerecognizingtheimportanceofagoodaccenttendtoneglectintheirpracticalteachingthebranchofstudyconcernedwithspeakingthelanguage.SothefirstpointIwanttomakeisthatEnglishpronunciationmustbetaught;theteachershouldbepreparedtodevotesomeofthelessontimetothisandshouldgetthestudenttofeelthathereisamatterworthyofreceivinghiscloseattention.SothereshouldbeoccasionswhenotheraspectsofEnglishsuchasgrammarorspellingareallowedforthemomenttotakesecondplace.Apartfromthisquestionofthetimegiventopronunciationtherearetwootherrequirementsfortheteacher:thefirstknowledge;thesecondtechnique.Itisimportantthattheteachershouldbeinpossessionofthenecessaryinformation.Thiscangenerallybeobtainedfrombooks.Itispossibletogetfrombookssomeideaofthemechanicsofspeechandofwhatwecallgeneralphonetictheory.ItisalsopossibleinthiswaytogetaclearmentalpictureoftherelationshipbetweenthesoundsofdifferentlanguagesbetweenthespeechhabitsofEnglishpeopleandthosesayofyourstudents.Unlesstheteacherhassuchapictureanycommentshemaymakeonhisstudentspronunciationareunlikelytobeofmuchuseandlessontimespentonpronunciationmaywellbetimewasted.
26.Whatdoesthewriteractuallysayaboutpronouncingforeignlanguages[A].Onlyafewpeoplearereallyproficient.[B].Nooneisreallyanexpertintheskill.[C].Therearentmanypeoplewhoareevenfairlygood.[D].Thereareevensomepeoplewhoaremoderatelyproficient.
27.Thewriterarguesthatgoingabouttheproblemofpronunciationinthewrongwayis[A].anobviouscauseofnotgraspingtheproblemcorrectly[B].afundamentalconsequenceofnotspeakingwell[C].aconsequenceofnotgraspingtheproblemcorrectly[D].notanobviouscauseofspeakingpoorly
28.Thebestwayoflearningtospeakaforeignlanguagehesuggestsisby_______.[A].pickingitupnaturallyasachild[B].learningfromanativespeaker[C].notconcentratingonpronunciationassuch[D].undertakingsystematicwork
29.Thevaluethestudentputsoncorrectspeechhabitsdependsupon_______.[A].howcloselyheattendstothematter[B].whetheritisEnglishthatisbeingtaught[C].histeachersapproachtopronunciation[D].theimportancenormallygiventogrammarandspelling
30.Howmighttheteacherfindhimselfwastinglessontime[A].Byspendinglessontimeonpronunciation.[B].Bymakingill-informedcommentsuponpronunciation.[C].Bynotusingbooksonphoneticsintheclassroom.[D].Bynotgivingstudentsaclearmentalpictureofthedifferencebetweensounds.答案:CCDCBPassage9AnindustrialsocietyespeciallyoneascentralizedandconcentratedasthatofBritainisheavilydependantoncertainessentialservices:forinstanceelectricitysupplywaterrailandroadtransporttheharbors.Theareaofdependencyhaswidenedtoincluderemovingrubbishhospitalandambulanceservicesandastheeconomydevelopscentralcomputerandinformationservicesaswell.Ifanyoftheseservicesceasestooperatethewholeeconomicsystemisindanger.Itisthisinterdependencyoftheeconomicsystemthatmakesthepoweroftradeunionssuchanimportantissue.Singletradeunionshavetheabilitytocutoffmanyeconomicbloodsupplies.ThiscanhappenmoreeasilyinBritainthaninsomeothercountriesinpartbecausethelaborforceishighlyorganized.About55percentofBritishworkersbelongtounionscomparedtounderaquarterintheUnitedStates.ForhistoricalreasonsBritainsunionshavetendedtodevelopalongtradeandoccupationallinesratherthanonanindustry-by-industrybasiswhichmakeswagepolicydemocracyinindustryandtheimprovementofproceduresforfixingwagelevelsdifficulttoachieve.Thereareconsiderablestrainsandtensionsinthetradeunionmovementsomeofthemarisingfromtheiroutdatedandinefficientstructure.Someunionshavelostmanymembersbecauseofindustrialchanges.Othersareinvolvedinargumentsaboutwhoshouldrepresentworkersinnewtrades.Unionsforskilledtradesareseparatefromgeneralunionswhichmeansthatdifferentlevelsofwagesforcertainjobsareoftenasourceofbadfeelingbetweenunions.Intraditionaltradeswhicharebeingpushedoutofexistencebyadvancingtechnologiesunionscanfightfortheirmembersdisappearingjobstothepointwherethejobsofotherunionsmembersarethreatenedordestroyed.TheprintingofnewspapersbothintheUnitedStatesandinBritainhasfrequentlybeenhaltedbytheeffortsofprinterstoholdontotheirtraditionalhighly-paidjobs.
1.WhyisthequestionoftradeunionpowerimportantinBritain[A].Theeconomyisverymuchinterdependent.[B].Unionshavebeenestablishedalongtime.[C].TherearemoreunionsinBritainthanelsewhere.[D].Therearemanyessentialservices.
2.Becauseoftheirout-of-dateorganizationsomeunionsfinditdifficultto______.[A].changeasindustrieschange[B].getnewmemberstojointhem[C].learnnewtechnologies[D].bargainforhighenoughwages
3.Disagreementsarisebetweenunionsbecausesomeofthem[A].trytowinovermembersofotherunions[B].ignoreagreements[C].protecttheirownmembersattheexpenseofothers[D].takeoverotherunionsjobs
4.Itisdifficulttoimprovetheproceduresforfixingwagelevelsbecause______.[A].someindustrieshavenounions[B].unionsarenotorganizedaccordingtoindustries[C].only55percentofworkersbelongtounions[D].someunionsaretoopowerful
5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTTRUE[A].Therearestrainsandtensionsinthetradeunionmovement.[B].Someunionshavelostmanymembers.[C].Someunionsexistintheoutdatedstructure.[D].AhigherpercentageofAmericanworkersbelongtounionsthanthatofBritishworkers.答案:AACBDPassage10Itsahotsummerdayandyouyourfamilyandfriendsdecidetodrivetothebeachforacookout.Whenyougettothebeachthesandandtherocksaresohotthattheyhurtyourbarefeet.Youputonsneakersinahurry.Thewaterissobrightandshininginthesunthatyoucanhardlylookatit.Whilethecharcoal木炭fireisstartingtoburninthecookoutstoveeveryonegoesforaswim.Thewaterfeelsgood—warmatthetopbutcoolerdownaroundyourtoes.Alittlewindisblowingwhenyoucomeout.Thefireisntquitereadyforcookingyetsoyouplaytag儿童捉人游戏orread.Forlunchtherearehotdogcornsaladandrollssodasfruitandcoffeefortheadults.Bythetimethecoffeewaterboilsandthecornandhotdogsarecookedallthebathingsuitsaredry.Soarethetowelsspreadoutontherocksinthesun.Lunchisgood.Justasyouarefinishingitstartstorainsoyoupackupandrun.Butnobodymindstherain.Itwillcoolthingsoff.Atthesametimeyouwerehavingfunatthebeachworkwasbeingdone.Energyfromthesunwasdoingwork.Energyinoneformoranotherdoesalltheworkintheworld.Heatenergyfromthesundriedthetowels.Itheatedthesandandtherocksthewaterandtheair.Itevenmadetherainandthewind.Heatfromthesundoessmallworkandbigworkallovertheearth.Lightenergyfromthesunwasworkingonthebeachtoo.Itsuppliedthedaylight.Itlittheearthandmadethesandbrightandthewatersparkling.Thesunalsosuppliedtheenergythatgrewthefoodyouate.Plantsuselightenergyfromthesuntomakefoodforthemselves.Thefoodisakindofsugar.Itisalsoakindofenergycalledchemicalenergy.Greenplantschangelightenergyfromthesunintochemicalenergy.Plantsusesomeofthatenergyforeverydaylivingandgrowing.Theystoretherestintheirleavesandseedsinfruitrootsstemsandberries.Thesaladandthecorntherollsfruitandcoffeeallcamefromplants.Youandallanimalsdependonplantsforfood.Thecharcoalyouusedforcookingbeganasaplanttoo.Oncethatcharcoalwasalivingtreethatusedsunlighttomakefoodandthenstoredpartofthefooditmade.Theenergyinthisstoredfoodremainedevenafterthetreedied.Youusedthatenergywhenyouburnedthecharcoal.Thegasolineyouusedfordrivingtothebeachbeganwithenergyfromthesuntoo.Itwasmadefromoil.Oilwasformedfromtheremainsofplantsandanimalsthatlivedonearthmillionsofyearsago.Theremainsofancientlivingthingsarecalledfossils.Thisiswhyoiliscalledafossilfuel.Coalandnaturalgasarefossilfuelstoo.Nowfossilfuelsarebeginningtobeusedup.Thatswhypeopleworryaboutrunningoutofenergy.Butaslongasthesunshinestheearthwillnotrunoutofenergy.Thesunpoursmoreenergyonearththanwecaneveruse.Mostofthatenergycomestousasheatandlight.Energyfromthesuniscalledsolarenergy.Solarenergyisasafekindofenergy.Itdoesntmakepollutionorhavedangerousleftovers.Thatiswhyscientistsandinventorsareexperimentingwithwaysofharnessingthesuntodosomeofthejobsfossilfuelshavebeendoing.Buttomakethesundoworklikethattheyhavetosolvesomeproblems.Theyhavetocollectthesunsenergy.Collectingsunshineisnteasyunlessyouareaplant.Sunshineisnteasytostoreeither.Youcantfillatankwithitorputitinthewoodbox.Youcantmoveitthroughapipeorawire.Youcantturniton.Stillpeoplehavebeenusingsolarenergytohelpdotheirworkforalongtime.Thereareoldwaysandnewwaysofcatchingsunshineandputtingittowork.Supposeyouwerelivinginacoldplaceandgoingtospendthewinterinacave.WouldyouchooseacavethatfacedthewintersunoracavethatfacedawayfromitYoumightmakethesamechoiceifyouwerebuildingahouseinacoldplace.Youwouldprobablybuildthehousesothewintersunwouldpourinthewindowstowarmit.Peoplehavebeenbuildinghousesthatwayforalongtime.IsitpossibletocatchstillmoreofthesunsheatinahouseYesSomehousesalsocollectheatontheroofmoveitindoorsstoresomeusesometomakehotwaterandtherestforheating.Ahouselikethatiscalledasolarhouse.Peoplewhobuildsolarhouseshavelearnedhowtodothosethingsbyobservinghowtheearthitselfusessolarenergy.RememberthebeachRememberthehotsandandthehotrocksSomematerialstakeinheatenergyfromthesunandholdit.Theyabsorbtheheat.Sandandrocksdothis.Sodosomeothersolidmaterialssuchasmetals.Waterabsorbsthesunsheattoo.Colorcanalsobeimportant.Darkdullcolorsabsorbheat.Light-coloredshinysurfacesreflectheat.Theybounceitback.Thatswhydarkclothesarewarmerinthewinterandlightcoloredclothesarecoolerinthesummer.Thelongerittakessomethingtoheatupthelongerthatthingholdstheheat.Materialsthatheatupfastcoolofffast.Ifyougobacktothebeachintheeveningaftersunsetthesandandtherockswhichheatedupfastwillbecool.Butthewaterwhichheatedupslowlywillstillbewarm.Ittakesalongtimeforthesuntoheatthewaterinabiglakeorocean.Butbytheendofsummeralargebodyofwaterwillhavecaughtandstoredenoughheatfromthesuntolastforagoodpartofthewinter.Waterstoresheatverywell.Thatswhylandnearalargebodyofwaternevergetsquiteascoldinthewinteraslandfarawayfromthewater.Thestoredheatinthewaterkeepsthelandarounditwarm.Slowlyallwinterlongheatfromthewatermovesoutintothecoldair.Heatalwaysmovesthatway—fromawarmerplaceorthingtoacoolerone.Onceyouknowwhichwayheatmovesyouunderstandhowthingsgethotandhowtheyloseheat.
1.Alltheworkintheworldisdonebyenergycomingfromthesuninoneformoranother.
2.Aswehumansdependonplantsforfoodplantsliveonchemicalenergyconvertedfromlightenergy.
3.Unlessthesundiesitwillsupplyendlessenergyonearth.
4.Ithasbeenalongtimesincepeoplebegantousesolarenergybecausesunshinecanbestoredinhouses.
5.Theadvantageofthesolarhouseisthatithashotwaterandheating.
6.Asolarhousedoesnthavetouseelectricitywhenitmakesagooduseofsolarenergy.
7.Thepassagegivesabriefaccountofhowsolarenergyisemployed.
8.Wecanunderstandhowthingsgethotorloseheataslongasweknow______.
9.Mostoftheenergythesunsuppliestousisintheformsof______.
10.Peopleliketousefossilfuelstogetalmostallkindsofenergybecausetheyare______.答案:1-
7.YYYNNNN
8.whichwayheatmoves
9.heatandlight
10.easytousePassage11IhaveneverattendedalargecompanysboardmeetinginmylifebutIfeelcertainthatthediscussionoftentakesthefollowinglines.The__1__ofproducinganew—forexample—toothpastewouldmake8Opthedecentpriceforitsowewillmarketitat£l.
20.Itisnotabadtoothpastenotspeciallygoodeitherbutnotbadandaspeopleliketotrynewthingsitwillsellwelltostartwith;butthe__2__ofnoveltysoonfadessosaleswill__3__.Whenthatstartstohappenwewillreducethepriceto£l.
15.Andwewillturnitintoabargainbyprinting5pOFFalloveritwhereuponpeoplewillrushtobuyiteventhoughitstillcostsaboutforty-threepercentmorethanits__4__price.Sometimesitisnot5pOFFbutlpOFF.WhatashametoadvertiselpOFFyoursoaporwashingpowderordogfoodorwhatever.Eventhepoorestold-agepensioneroughttoregardthisasaninsultbuthedoesnt.Abargainmustnotbe__5__Tobeofferedagiftofonepennyislikebeinginvitedtodinnerandofferedonesinglepeatastilycookedandnothingelse.Evenifitrepresenteda__6__reductionitwouldbeaninsult.Stillpeoplesayonehastohavewashingpowderorwhateverandonemightaswellbuyitapennycheaper.WhenIwasaboyinHungaryamanwas__7__ofmurderingsomeoneforthesakeofonepengotheequivalentofashillingandpleaded__8__.Thejudgeshouted__9__:Tokillamanforashilling!Whatcanyousayinyour__10__Themurdererreplied:Ashillinghere...ashillingthere...Andthatswhattodaysshoppersaystoo:Apennyhere...apennythere...A.missedB.defenseC.realD.costE.anxiouslyF.attractionG.fairH.expenseI.fallJ.angrilyK.dismissedL.accusedM.guiltyN.faultyO.security答案:DFIGACLMJPassage12Althoughcreditcardsarebecomingamoreacceptablepartofthefinancialscenetheyarestillregardedwithsuspicionbymanyasbeingamajorpartofthelivenowpaylatersyndrome^Jttt.Alongwithhire-purchaserentalandleasingschemestheyprovideencouragementtospendmoremoney.Ofcourseitisonlythefoolhardywhoyieldtothetemptationtolivetemporarilyatleastbeyondtheirmeansandsuchpeoplewouldnodoubtmanagetodosoevenwithoutcreditcards.Advertisingcampaignshavehoweverpromotedagrowingrealizationoftheadvantagesofthesesmallpiecesofplastic.Theyobviate避免needtocarrylargeamountsofcashandarealwaysusefulinemergencies.Allthecreditcardorganizationschargeinterestonamonthlybasiswhichmayworkoutashighas25percentayearyetjudiciouspurchasingusingacardcanmeanthatyouobtainuptosevenweeksinterest-freecredit.Usingthecardabroadwhereitemsfrequentlytakealongtimetobeincludedonyouraccountcanextendthisperiodevenfurther.Itisworthwhileshoppingaroundbeforedecidingonaparticularcreditcard.Itisnecessarytoconsidertheamountofcreditgranted;interestrateswhichmayvaryslightly;thenumberandrangeofoutletsthoughmostcardscovermajorgarageshotelsrestaurantsanddepartmentstores;andofcoursewhathappensifyourcardislostorstolen.Acreditcardthiefmaybesittingonapotentialgoldmineparticularlyifthereisadelayinreportingthelossofthecard.Howeverifusedwiselyacreditcardcancostnothingoratleasthelptotideyouoveraperiodoffinancialdifficulty.
26.Whichofthefollowingcannotmakeyouspendmoremoney[A].Creditcards.[B].Hire-purchase.[C].Rentalandleasingschemes.[D].Noneoftheaboveisright.
27.Thefoolhardyarepeoplewho_______.[A].spendmoremoneythantheyhave[B].spendlessmoneythanotherpeople[C].savemoney[D].makemoney
28.Thedisadvantageofcreditcardsis_______.[A].toenableyoutobuythingswithoutcarryinglargeamountofcash[B].toencouragepeopletospendmoremoney[C].tobealwaysusefulinemergencies[D].tohelppeopletideoveraperiodoffinancialdifficulty
29.Accordingtothepassagecreditcardsaremadeof_______.[A].paper[B].gold[C].plastic[D].tin
30.Decidingonaparticularcredityoudonothavetoconsider______.[A].theamountofcreditgranted[B].thenumberandrangeofoutlets[C].thepossibilityoflossofmoney[D].thedepartmentstoreswhereyouaregoingtouseyourcreditcards答案:DABDCPassage13MoreattentionwaspaidtothequalityofproductioninFranceatthetimeofReneCoty.CharlesDeschanelwasthenthefinancialminister.Hestressedthatworkmanshipandqualityweremoreimportantthanquantityforindustrialproduction.Itwouldbenecessarytoproducequalitygoodsfortheinternationalmarketstocompetewiththoseproducedinothercountries.TheFrencheconomyneededalargershareofinternationalmarkettobalanceitsimportandexporttrade.Frenchindustrialandagriculturalproductionwasstillinadequatetomeettheimmediateneedsofthepeopleletalonelong-rangeddevelopments.Essentialimportshadstretchedthenationalcredittothebreakingpoint.Rentsweretightlycontrolledbuttheextremeinflationaffectedgeneralpopulationmostseverelythroughthecostoffood.Foodcoststookasmuchas80percentoftheworkersincome.Wagesitistruehadrisen.Extensivefamilyallowancesandbenefitswerepaidbythestateandtherewasfulltimeandovertimeemployment.Takentogetherthesefactorsenabledtheworkingclasstoexistbutallowedthemnosenseofsecurity.Inthisdiscouragingsituationworkmenwerewillingtoworkoverseasforhigherwages.Thegovernmentwasunwillingtoletworkersleavethecountry.Itwasfearedthatmigrationofworkerswouldreducethelaborforce.Thelackofqualifiedworkersmighthindertheimprovementinthequalityofindustrialproductsproduced.Qualifiedworkersemployedabroadwouldonlyincreasethequantityofqualitygoodsproducedinforeigncountries.AlsothequantityofqualitygoodsproducedinFrancewouldnotbeabletoincreaseaspartofitsualifiedlaborforcemovedtoothercountries.
1.Thepurposeofthepassageisto_______.[A].explaintheFrenchgovernmentsemphasisonqualityproducts[B].discussCharlesDeschanelscontributiontotheFrenchindustrialdevelopment[C].comparethequalityofFrenchgoodswiththatofforeigngoods[D].showFrenchworkmensenthusiasmtoseekwell-paidjobsinforeigncountries
2.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatatthetimeofReneCoty.[A].Francewasstillatthefirststageofindustrialdevelopment[B].FrenchworkerswerebetterpaidthantheworkersinanyotherEuropeancountries[C].theunemploymentrateinFrancewascomparativelyhigherthanthatinotherEuropeancountries[D].Frenchworkerswereabletolivebetterwiththeincreaseintheirwages
3.Itisimpliedinthepassagethatatthattime_______.[A].Francehadaverylargeshareofinternationalmarket[B].theimportandexporttradeinFrancewasmakingasuccessfuladvance[C]].demandandsupplyinFrancewasbarelybalanced[D].Francewasexperiencingeconomicdepression
4.WhichofthefollowingisthebestindicatoroftheextremeinflationinFrance[A].Eightypercentincreaseinthepricesofconsumergoods.[B].Highcostoffood.[C].Highrentsforhouses.[D].Lackofagriculturalproducts.
5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthepassage[A].RentsinFranceweretightlycontrolled.[B].Francewasfloodingtheinternationalmarketwithinferiorproducts.[C].Frenchworkerswereprohibitedfromgoingabroadtofindjobs.[D].ThemigrationofFrenchworkerswouldhindertheimprovementofqualityinindustrialproduction.答案:AADBBPassage14ScientistsatSussexUniversityappeartobeonthewayto___1___howthemosquitocarrierofdiseasessuchasmalariaandyellowfeverhomesinonitstarget.Theproblemisthattheyhavefoundthatthebestwaytoavoidbeingbittenis:stopbreathingstopsweatingandkeepdownthetemperatureofyourimmediatesurroundings.__2__thefirstsuggestionisimpossibleandtheothersverydifficult.Scientistshavefoundthattherearethree___3___stagesinamosquitosassault.Stageoneisatfiftyfeetawaywhentheinsectfirstsmellsamanoraanimalto___4___.Stagetwoisthoughttocomeintooperationabouttwenty-fivefeetfromthetargetwhentheinsectbecomesguidedbythecarbondioxidebreathedoutbytheintendedvictim.Stagethreeiswhenthemosquitoisonlyamatterofinchesfromits___5___thewarmthandmoisturegivenoffbythevictimisthefinalclue.Theresearchersthen*___6___howrepellentsinterferewithitsthree-stageattack.Theyfoundrepellentsactmoresubtlythanbyjustgivingoffanastysmell.ACanadianresearchersaysthatrepellentsappearto___7___mosquitoesfirstwhenitisfollowingthecarbondioxideandsecondduringthefinalapproachwherethewarmthandmoisturearetheinsects___8___.Airpervadedbyoneofthemanychemicalrepellentsstopsthemosquitoreactingtothevictimscarbondioxideandtherepellentseemstoaffectthetinyhairswithwhichtheinsectsensesmoistureintheair.Thesensorsareblockedsothatthe___9___doesnotknowwhetheritisflyingthroughamoistcurrentorthesensorsaremadetosendthe___10___signals.A.examinedB.animalC.wrongD.insectE.biteF.UnfortunatelyG.inventingH.distinctI.preyJ.guideK.checkedL.definiteM.UnnecessarilyN.confuseO.discovering答案:OFHEIANJDCPassage15Sugarlessyogurtcouldhelpbeatbadbreathtoothdecayandgumdiseasesayscientists.Japaneseresearchersfoundeatingtheyogurt62levelsofhydrogensulphide硫化氢—amajor
63.ofbadbreath—in80%ofvolunteers.The64areactivebacteriainyogurt.Detailswere65atameetingoftheInternationalAssociationforDentalResearch.An66of24volunteerswhoparticipatedinthestudyweregivenstrictinstructions67oralhealthdietandmedicinetaking.Theyspenttwoweeks68yogurtsandsimilarfoodslikecheese.Researchersthen69bacterialevelsandodor-causingcompounds70hydrogensulphide.Thevolunteersthenate90gramsofyogurtadayforsixweeks.Attheendofthestudyresearcherstook71again.Theyfoundhydrogensulphidelevels72in80%ofparticipants.Dr.NigelCarterchiefexecutiveoftheBritishDentalHealthFoundationsaid:Thefoundationhaslongbeen73peoplesattentiontosugar-freeyogurtsasahealthysnacksoitispleasingtohearthatitmayhaveoralhealthbenefitswewerepreviously74of.Althoughthisresearchisstillintheearlystagesthereisno75thatsugar-freeyogurtsprovideamuchhealthier76tosweetsandchocolateandwewouldencouragesnackersto77themintotheirdiet.78Dr.Carterstressedthatthebestwaytobeatbadbreathwasby79agoodoralhealthroutine.Thisinvolvesbrushingtwice-a-daywithfluoride氟化物toothpastecutting80onthefrequencyofsugarysnacksanddrinksandvisitingadentist
81.
62.[A]increased[B]required[C]averaged[D]reduced
63.[A]reason[B]cause[C]result[D]origin
64.[A]strategies[B]matters[C]keys[D]emergencies
65.[A]presented[B]submitted[C]exposed[D]written
66.[A]whole[B]unit[C]total[D]amount
67.[A]with[B]of[C]to[D]on
68.[A]avoiding[B]prohibiting[C]preventing[D]refusing
69.[A]balanced[B]evaluated[C]measured[D]counted
70.[A]involving[B]including[C]containing[D]concerning
71.[A]modes[B]examples[C]copies[D]samples
72.[A]grew[B]remained[C]decreased[D]risen
73.[A]drawing[B]paying[C]attracting[D]concentrating
74.[A]uncertain[B]unaware[C]certain[D]aware
75.[A]idea[B]hesitation[C]doubt[D]sense
76.[A]selection[B]alternative[C]preference[D]substitute
77.[A]convene[B]affiliate[C]constrain[D]incorporate
78.[A]However[B]Moreover[C]Therefore[D]Otherwise
79.[A]bringing[B]adopting[C]receiving[D]adapting
80.[A]off[B]back[C]out[D]down
81.[A]regularly[B]occasionally[C]rarely[D]normally答案:DBCACDACBDCABCBDABDA解析62.语义衔接题本段第一句是本段的主题句,已经说明酸奶有助于防止口臭解答本题要在63题之后由63题可知,硫化氢是造成口臭的主要原因可以判断,酸奶应该是能减少硫化氢的,选[D]reduced“减少,降低”[A]increased“增加”;[B]required“要求”;[C]averaged“平均为”63.语义衔接题此处要填的词意思为“原因”,表示硫化氢是造成口臭的主要原因,选[B]cause“原因”,指直接导致事情发生的原因第二段的odor—causing有提示作用[A]reason“理由”强调从逻辑推理上得出的结论性原因,不是直接说明起因[C]result“结果”;[D]origin“源头”侧重指事物的起源或由来64.语义衔接题前面说酸奶可以降低硫化氢的水平,本句说,酸奶中的活性菌是__选项[C]keys“关键”可使语义通顺,说明活性菌是酸奶降低硫化氢水平的关键所在[A]strategies“策略”;[B]matters“问题”;[D]emergencies“紧急情况,突发事件”65.语义衔接题本段显然是要介绍上段中提到的结论的具体情况,选[A]presented“介绍,展示”[B]submitted“提交,递交”所提交的内容应该是某种正式的文件或方案;[C]exposed“揭露,透露”多指揭露丑闻、坏人坏事或各种阴谋,也可指某物暴露在外;[D]written“写”66.惯用衔接题所填词可以使用an~of结构,表示“总共”24名志愿者,适合的是[C]total67.惯用衔接题所填词与instructions“指导”连用,表示指导某个方面的工作,选[D]on[B]of后接指导人,不符合这里的语义要求[A]with不与instruction连用;[C]to后接人,表示被指导人,或接动词不定式,不符合这里的语义要求68.语义衔接题这里说的是实验的第一阶段两个星期后文中提到的实验的第二阶段是六个星期一直食用无糖酸奶最后对两个阶段的测试数据进行了对比显然前面说的是不食用无糖酸奶的情况,选[A]avoiding“避开,回避”,后接食物时,表示不吃这种东西[B]prohibiting“禁止”禁止的是某种行为;[C]preventing“预防,阻止”指采取预防措施或设置障碍去阻止某人或某事;[D]refusing“拒绝”指拒绝别人的某种建议69.语义衔接题研究者应该是“测量”被试口中的细菌水平和产生口臭的化合物,选[C]measured“测量,估量”,用于确定某种事物的多少或水平,符合这里的语义要求[A]balanced“平衡”;[B]evaluated“评估,估计”多用于对人物或某种工作的评价;[D]counted“点…的数目”不与level连用70.语义衔接题由前文可知,硫化氢正是造成口臭的主要因素,所以研究者测量的那些化合物中一定包括这个东西,所以选[B]including“包括”,强调包括作为整体的一部分,而没有排除在外[A]involving“使成为必须,牵涉”往往指的是无形的东西;[C]containing“包含”后面列举包含的全部内容;[D]concerning“关系到,有关于”71.语义衔接题前文讲过第一阶段2星期的实验结束后,研究者测量了被试口腔中的细菌和口臭化合物水平现在是第二阶段结束后,显然还要采集样品测量一次,选[D]samples“样品”[A]modes“方式,风格”;[B]examples“例子”,takeexamples“举例”;[C]copies“复制品”72.语义衔接题本文说的是无糖酸奶减轻口臭的功能,所以食用酸奶后口腔中的硫化物的水平应该是下降的,所以选[C]decreased“减少,下降”[A]grew“增长”;[B]remained“保持”;[D]risen“上升”73.语义衔接题基金会的工作是把人们的注意力引导到无糖酸奶上,选[A]drawing,drawingpeople,sattentiontosth.[B]paying的宾语只能是主语自己的注意力,不能是别人的;[C]attracting是要把注意力吸引到自己身上来,用在此处不合适;[D]concentrating与[B]同理排除74.语义衔接题该基金会自己一直在提倡人们使用无糖酸奶,他们为之高兴的事情应该是自己以前不知道无糖酸奶还有其他的作用,而研究证明了这一点,排除[C]certain和[D]aware根据句中的be~of结构,排除[A]uncertain,选[B]unaware“不明白的,不知道的”75.语义衔接题本句是对无糖酸奶的作用的肯定,选[C]doubt,nodoubt“无疑地”[A]idea“主意,观点”[B]hesitation“迟疑”指行为的迟疑,在这里不合适;[D]sense,nosense“没有理由,不必”76.语义衔接题无糖酸奶显然是糖块和巧克力的更健康的替代品,选[B]alternative“替换物,替代品”[A]selection“选择”;[C]preference“优先选择,爱好”;[D]substitute“替代”指的是某人或某物不在时可以用来代替的人或物,不符合文中说话者对无糖酸奶的倾向性态度77.语义衔接题既然无糖酸奶是更健康的食品,医生应该鼓励节食者把它纳入食谱,选[D]incorporate.incorporatesth.intosth.“把…包含进…”[A]convene“召集”;[B]affiliate“使…隶属,接纳“为成员”;[C]constrain“强制,约束”78.逻辑衔接题上面两段都在讲卡特医生对于酸奶能减少口臭的认可本段说的则是卡特强调“最好的防止口臭的方法还是良好的口腔卫生习惯”语义上存在转折,所以选[A]However“不过,然而”【点睛】[B]Moreover“而且,再者,此外”表示递进关系;[C]Therefore“因此,所以”表示因果关系,强调结果;[D]Otherwise“否则”也表转折,但讲的是如果某种条件或情况不发生时的情况,与此处的语义不符79.语义衔接题此处的意思是“采取”良好的口腔卫生程序,只能选[B]adopting“采纳,采用”[A]bringing“带来”;[C]receiving“接到”;[D]adapting意为“改造,改善”,良好的程序不需要改造80.语义衔接题既然无糖酸奶对口腔有益,那么吃sugarysnacks含糖零食的频率frequency应该也是要降下来的,选[D]down,cutdown“降低,削减,减少”,符合这里的语义要求[A]off,cutoff意思是“停止,切开”;[B]back,cutback“减少”常指减少开支;[C]out,cutout“切去,放弃,删除”81.语义衔接题医生对防止口臭的建议,显然应该是定期看牙医,选[A]regularly“定期地”[B]occasionally“偶尔地”;[C]rarely“极少地”.[D]normally“通常地,正常地”不符合这里的语境要求。