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电大《中医药学概论》期末复习考试试题及参考答案
一、名词解释题每小题2分,共10分
1、阴阳是宇宙中相互关联的事物和现象对立双方的属性概括
2、气机气的运动
3、津液人体内一切正常体液的总称,包括各脏腑形体官窍的内在液体及其正常的分泌物是构成人体和维持生命活动的基本物质之一
4、解表药以发散表邪、解除表证为主要作用的药物
5、七情喜、怒、忧、思、悲、恐、惊七种情志变化
二、写出下列药物的功效题每题2分,共10分
1、麻黄:发汗,平喘,利水
2、石膏清热泻火,除烦止渴,煅用收敛生肌
3、茯苓利水渗湿,健脾安神
4、人参大补元气,补脾益肺,生津止渴,安神益智
5、川芎活血行气,祛风止痛
三、填空题每空1分,共40分
1、对世界本原持一元论、二元论、多元论的学说分别是_____________、_____________、_____________;中医认为人体是以_____________为主宰,_____________为中心,结合_____________、_________________共同组成的一个有机整体奇恒之腑形态上似_______,功能上似____________
2、中药“四大热药”是指__________________、____________________、____________________、___________________
3、五行相生的顺序是_____________,_____________,_____________,_____________,_____________
4、应用升降浮沉应遵循的原则是__________________、__________________
5、气的最基本运动形式是____________、____________、____________、____________人体之气根据生成的来源可分______________________、______________________
6、中医学理论体系的主要特点是__________________、__________________
7、茵陈是治疗______________的要药;蒲公英是治疗______________的要药;鱼腥草是治疗_____________的要药;金钱草是治疗_____________的要药
8、活血祛瘀药可分为______________________、______________________、___________________、___________________四大类
9、有“夏月麻黄”之称的药物是____________________;功能“引火下行”的药物是__________________;有“舟楫之剂”之称的药物是__________________;即能补血又能止血的药物是_____________________
四、选择题请将正确的选项写在下列的表格中,每小题1分,共20分
1、肺的主要生理功能是()A、司呼吸B、主血脉C、主疏泄D、主升发E、主纳气
2、五行学说中“水”的特性是()A、润下B、稼穑C、炎上D、从革E、曲直
3、藏象学说的内容包含()A、五脏、六腑和奇恒之腑B、内在组织器官的各种表象C、五脏、六腑D、五脏、六腑与经络E、五脏的各种形象
4、脏与脏之间主要体现了“精血同源”关系是()A、心与肺B、心与脾C、肝与肾D、脾与肾E、心与肾
5、发病的最基本原理是()A、正胜邪负B、正胜邪退C、正邪相搏D、邪胜正负E、邪正相持
6、中医探求病因的主要方法是()A、辨病求因B、辨症求因C、问诊求因D、相对性E、直观性
7、主升清功能的脏腑是()A、肝B、脾C、肾D、心E、肺
8、和肾相为表里的是()A、大肠B、膀胱B、三焦D、胆E、小肠
9、归属内伤病因是()A、劳逸B、医过C、外伤D、六淫E、水湿痰饮
10、以下哪些是杏仁的主要功效()A、止咳平喘、润肠通便B、发汗解表、止咳平喘C、发汗解表、温通阳气D、发汗解表、行气和中E、发汗解表、祛暑化湿
11、利水渗湿药主要适应的病证是()A、湿阻中焦B、湿温初起C、痰饮伏肺D、水湿内停E、风湿痹痛
12、共收载药物8980味的药学著作是()A、《本草原始》B、《新修本草》C、《证类本草》D、《本草纲目》E、《中华本草》
13、行气止痛的要药是()A、葛根B、乳香C、紫苏叶D、木香E、狗脊
14、清热药主要适用于()A、表寒证B、里寒证C、表热证D、阳虚证E、里热证
15、属于十八反的是()A、乌头与附子B、人参与乌头C、乌头与藜芦D、半夏与乌头E、乌头与甘草
16、下面哪味药有“气病之总司,女科之主帅”之称()A、藿香B、香薷C、香附D、沉香E、小茴香
17、杜仲、桑寄生都具有的功效是()A、补肝肾、益血B、补肝肾、活血C、补肝肾、利水D、补肝肾、安胎E、补肝肾、壮阳
18、活血化瘀药主要适用于()A、血脱证B、痰饮证C、瘀血证D、出血证E、血虚证
19、麝香的功效是()A、开窍醒神,破血逐瘀B、开窍醒神,补血,保胎C、开窍醒神,清热止痛,催产D、开窍醒神,活血止痛,催产E、开窍醒神,消肿生肌,抗肿瘤
20、肉苁蓉和锁阳共同的功效是()A、滋阴补血B、滋阴潜阳C、补肾助阳D、滋阴降火E、祛风湿
五、问答题每题10分,共20分
1、试述五味的定义?及其具体作用?(10分)
2、心的生理功能是什么?心与形、窍、志液的关系?(10分)答案
三、填空题每空1分,共40分
1、精气学说、阴阳学说、五行学说;心,五脏,六腑,形体官窍,腑,脏
2、附子、肉桂、干姜、吴茱萸;
3、木生火,火生土,土生金,金生水,水生木
4、顺着病位、逆着病势
5、升、降、出、入先天之精气、后天之精气
6、整体观念、辨证论治
7、黄疸;乳痈;肺痈;石淋
8、活血止痛药、活血调经药、活血疗伤药、破血消癥药
9、香薷,牛膝,桔梗,阿胶
四、选择题每小题1分,共20分(1-5)AAACC(6-10)BBBAA(11-15)DEDED(16-20)CDCDC
五、问答题每题10分,共20分
1、五味指辛、甘(淡)、酸(涩)、苦、咸五种不同的药味(3分)辛能散、能宣、能通具有发散、行气、行血等作用(1分)甘能补、能和、能缓具有补虚扶弱、缓急和中、调和诸药、缓急止痛的作用某些甘味药还有解药食中毒的作用(1分)酸能收、能涩具有收敛固涩的作用另外,酸能生津、安蛔,合甘味以化阴的作用,此与涩味不尽相同(1分)苦能泄、能燥泄具有通泄泻下大便、清泄清热泻火和降泄降泄肺胃上逆之气作用;燥即燥湿,其中又有苦寒燥湿和苦温燥湿的不同(1分)咸能软、能下具有软坚散结和泻下的作用某些动物药的咸味是标示该药能走血分或入阴分(1分)涩能收敛固涩,与酸味作用相似(1分)淡能渗能利,具有渗利水湿的作用(1分)
2、
(1)主血脉(2分)主神志(2分)
(2)在体合脉,其华在面(3分)开窍于舌(1分)在志为喜(1分)在液为汗(1分)请您删除一下内容,O∩_∩O谢谢!!!2015年中央电大期末复习考试小抄大全,电大期末考试必备小抄,电大考试必过小抄Shanghai’sSuzhouCreekhaswitnessedmuchofthecity’shistory.ZhouWentingtravelsthisstoriedbodyofwaterandfindsitsmostfascinatingspots.SomeluckycitiescanboastagreatbodyofwaterlikeLondonwiththeriverThamesandPariswiththeriverSeine.Shanghaiisprivilegedenoughtohavetwogreatbodiesofwater:HuangpuRiverandSuzhouCreek.HuangpuRiverbecamefamouswhencolonistsestablishedclustersofgrandbuildingsonitsbanksonwhatbecameknownasthebund.TodaythebundoverlooksthebreathtakingskylineofLujiazuifinancialdistrict.Shanghai’sotherbodyofwaterhoweverSuzhouCreekhasbeensomewhatovershadowed.SuzhouCreeklinkstheinlandcitiesofJiangsuprovincewithShanghai.WhentheBritishcolonistswhoarrivedinthecityafteritwasopenedasacommercialportin1843foundtheycouldreachSuzhouJiangsuprovinceviathecreektheynameditSuzhouCreek.Thankstoitslocationalargeamountofcargoandtravelersweretransportedviathecreekbeforeraillinkswereestablished.Butafteracenturyofbeingutilizedasawaterwaytotransportgoodsandlaborthecreekgrewdarkandsmelly.Industrialfactorieswereestablishedalongthebanks.Inthe1990sitbecameakeytaskofthecitygovernmenttocleanthecreek.SuzhouCreekwhichsnakes17kmfromtheiconicWaibaiduBridgedowntowntotheouterringroadinwestShanghaimapsthechangingperiodsofthecity’shistoryincludingtheimprintsoftheconcessionsthebeginningofindustrializationandtheimprovementinpeople’slivingconditions.WheretheBundbeganIn-betweentheshoppingstreetofEastNanjingRoadandtheBundareaclusterofstreetsthatgivemetheillusionthatIamnolongerinmodernShanghai.Thestreetsarenarrowandoldandcriss-crosseachother.AnyoldresidentialhousemayturnouttobeaformerofficeoftheBritishconstructedinthe1880s.Pawnshopsandhardwarestoresthatarehardtofindelsewhereareplentifulhere.ThisareaattheconfluenceofHuangpuRiverandSuzhouCreekiscalledtheBundOrigin.Countlesstourbusesstopatthesiteeverydayandvisitorsfromaroundtheworldgetofftoseethisplacethestartingpointoftheconcessionsinthecity.Itallstartedin1872whentheformerBritishConsulateGeneralwasconstructedandtheBundbeganitstransformationintoanthefinancialstreetoftheEast.Nowthesiteoftheformerconsulateiscalled“No1Waitanyuan”whichtranslatesto“theBundOrigin”tohonoritsbeginnings.TheentirecomplexofthishistoricalsitecomprisesoffivebuildingstheformerBritishConsulateGeneraltheofficialresidenceoftheconsultheformerUnionChurchthechurchapartmentsandtheformerShanghaiRowingClub.Thesizeofthecourtyardisequivalenttothatoffourstandardsoccerfields.Thebuildingoftheformerconsulateisatwo-storeymasonrybuildingonanH-shapedplanintypicalEnglishrenaissance style.Thebuildingisdesignedwithafive-archverandahonthegroundfloorwitharaisedterracefacingthegardenwhilethefacadefeaturesanentryporticobeneathacolonnadedloggia.Ithasbeenturnedintoacaféwheredinnerandafternoon tea areavailable.Visitorscanchoosetositindoorsoroutdoorstoenjoythemagnificentgardenswithnearly30ancienttrees.YuanmingyuanRoadbehindthecomplexisalsoahistoricalsite.Theroadhasbeenrevampedasapedestrianshoppingstreetandhigh-endbrandshaveseizedthebestspots.Altogether14oldbuildingsincludingthoseusedforofficesandresidencesconstructedduring1920sand1930sremain.Todayitisapopularlocationforcommercial fashion photoshoots.NewTian’anChurchorUnionChurchstandsattheintersectionofYuanmingyuanRoadandSuzhouCreek.ThechurchdesignedinthestyleoftheEnglishcountrysidehasacapacityof500people.Itwasverypopularduringtheconcessionperiodbutwasconvertedintofactoryofficesafter
1949.Thechurchweseetodayisareplicatheoriginalburneddownin
2007.ThereusedtobeanoutdoorswimmingpoolthefirstofitskindinShanghaibesidethechurchbuthasbeenfilled-inandisnowasmallgarden.BridgeofromanceThereisperhapsnootherplacethat’smorerepresentativeofShanghaithanthisbridgewhichappearsinquitealotof moviesaboutthecity.Dozensofcouplesvisiteverydaytoposefortheirpre-weddingphotosonthebridgewhereSuzhouCreekbeginsandinterconnectswithHuangpuRiver.ThisisWaibaiduBridgeortheGardenBridge.Thesoon-to-be-wedcouplesposeinsplendidattireonthebridgeleaningagainsttherailingorsittingonthewoodenfloor.Someevenriskwalkingintothemiddleoftheroadtogettheperfectshot.Colorfullightsilluminatethebridgethroughoutthenightmakingitapicturesqueplaceforpre-weddingportraitsandloverstomeet.Constructedin1873anddesignedbyaBritishcompanythe106-meter-longbridgewasthefirst-evermajorbridgeinShanghai.In1856thefirstlargewoodenbridgeWellsBridgewasbuiltoverSuzhouCreekbutthebridgetollledtocomplaintsfromcitizens.So17yearslateranotherwoodenbridgewhichdidnotrequiretollswasbuilt.PeoplecalleditWaibaiduwhichmeans“goingacrossforfree”.Thebridgewasrenovatedasasteeltrussstructurein
1907.Becausenearly40bridgeshavenowbeenbuiltoverSuzhouCreekthebridgeisnolongeratrafficarterybutismoreofanobservationdeckfortourists.ItisatraditioninShanghaiforagrandmothertowalkacrossabridgewiththeirgrandchildwhenheorshereachesonemonth.Thisrepresentsthatthenewbornhasovercomeallthetwistsandturnsanditsjourneywillbesafeandsmooththroughouthisorherlife.WaibaiduBridgeisalwaysthebestoptionbecauseit’stheiconofShanghai.Thepictureofmydaughterwhenshewasababyheldbyhergrandmotherwasalsotakenhere.It’slikeafamilytraditionsaysWangXuefenaShanghainativewhohasanewborngrandson.ChangningRiversideThereisa5-kmstretchofwaterfrontbySuzhouCreekinChangningdistrictonChangningRoadfromtheintersectionofHamiRoadtoJiangsuRoad.Ithasbecomeapopularplacetotakeawalkandsunbatheonthelawn.ThereisanoverpassattheintersectionofChangningRoadandGubeiRoadforpeopletoenjoytheviewofthecreekanda3-kmplasticrunwayonbothsidesofChangningRoadwhichattractspeopleofallagesChineseandexpat.JoggingonthetwosidesgivesadifferentfeelingbecausethenorthsideisnexttothecreekandthesouthsideisadjacenttotheresidentialhighriseswhichislikejogginginthejunglesaysXiaoXua27-year-oldwomanwholivesnearby.Theriversideusedtobecompletelydifferent.Dozensoftextilemillschemicalplantsandmachinemanufacturingfactoriesweresetupalongthecreekinthe1920s.Theybroughtindustrializationbutalsopollution.Fromthe1930sthecreekcouldnolongerbeusedasasourcefortapwaterandnolivingfishorshrimpcouldbefound.SuzhouCreekinmymemoryisdarkandsmelly.IusedtogototheriverbanktowatchthesewagedisposalrunningoutfromthechemicalplantswhenIwasalittlegirl.Wedidn’tknowitwaspollution.WethoughtitwasaredwaterfallsaysHuangQia57-year-oldShanghairesident.Sotheresidentialhousesalongthecreekwereunpopularandonlymigrantswithlowincomeswouldliveinthatareashesays.Howeverthingshavechanged.Theplantswereclosedandturnedintoriversideparksandtheapartmentsinthenewhighrisesespeciallythosefacingthecreekaremuchsoughtafter.EastChinaUniversityofPoliticalScienceandLawThisisthefamousformerSaintJohn’sUniversityChina’sfirst-evermoderninstitutionofhighereducationestablishedbymissionariesfromtheUnitedStatesin
1879.ThebuildingscombineChineseandWesternelements.Address:1575WanhangduRoadChangningdistrictTheoldresidentialareaAfteryouleavetheuniversityfromitseastgateyouwillenterashabbyneighborhoodthatretainsitsoriginallook.Thealleysarenarrowandthehousesareovercrowded.Somethingshavenotchangedformanygenerationssuchasraisingchickensathome.Address:WestGuangfuRoadMoganshanRoadThisisan artsystreetthathasbecomeverypopularamongartistsandfashionistasinrecentyears.Graffiticoversthewallsonthewindingstreetwhereyoucanfindaclusterofartgalleriesandcreativeindustryoffices.SihangWarehouse Fourbanksjointlyfundedtheconstructionofthiswarehousesoitisnamedsihangorfourbanks.Thewarehousebuiltin1931wasusedforthestorageoffoodfirst-aidsuppliesandammunitionduringtheyearsofwar.ThebuildingwhichisalsoamasterpieceleftbytheHungarianarchitectLaszloHudecinthe1930shasbeenrecentlytransformedintoacenterofcreativeindustryworkshops.Address:1GuangfuRoadZhabeidistrict。