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建筑史专用词汇中英对照 我们在阅读或翻译建筑史类资料时,经常会碰到许多词汇,不明白确切含义或不知道如何准确翻译专业性的字典或者是汉英、或者是英汉,没有汉英英汉统一在一起的字典,给阅读和翻译工作带来一定的不便现将部分常用的与建筑史相关的一些词汇汇集在一起,以便于大家使用
1、城市史城市史 history of cities 大学城 campus city居民点 settlement 科学城 science city市[场] market 风景旅游城市sceic-tourist city城[墙] city wall 休养城市 resort city都城 capital city 小城市 small city宫城 imperial city 中等城市 medium-sized city外城 outer city 大城市 large city皇城 imperial palace 城市历史保护urban conservation里 neighbourhood 历史建筑 historical building 街 street 历史地段 historical site巷 lane 城市改建 urban redevelopment胡同 hutongalley 城市更新 urban renewal关厢 outskirt 工业城市 industrial city城濠 city moatcity trench 矿业城市 mining city城堡 castle 港口城市 port city城邦 polis 商业城市 commercial city城市 city 市区 city proper镇 townshiptown 郊区 suburb
2、园林史中国古典园林 classical Chinese garden中国传统园林 traditional Chinese garden中国古代园林 ancient Chinese garden 中国山水园 Chinese mountain and water garden帝王宫苑 imperial palace garden皇家园林 royal garden 私家园林 private garden江南园林 garden on the Yangtze Delta西方古典园林 western classical garden 英国式园林 English style garden中英混合式园林 Anglo-Chinese style garden意大利式园林 Italian style garden西班牙式园林 Spainish style garden法兰西式园林 French style garden勒诺特尔式园林 Le Notres style garden文艺复兴庄园 Renaissance style garden 洛可可式园林 Rococo style garden 巴洛克式园林 Baroque style garden庄园 manorvilla garden廊柱园 peristyle gardenpatio绿廊 xystus迷阵 mazelabyrinth灵囿 Ling You Hunting Garden 周代术语灵沼 Ling Zhao Water Garden 周代术语灵台 Ling Tai Platform Garden 周代术语阿房宫 E-Pang Palace 秦代术语上林苑 Shang-Lin Yuan 汉代术语未央宫 Wei-Yang Palace 汉代术语洛阳宫 Luoyang Palace 魏代术语华清宫 Hua-Qing Palace 唐代术语艮岳 Gen Yue Imperial Garden 宋代术语圆明园 Yuan-Ming Yuan Imperial Garden颐和园 Yi-HE Yuan Imperial Garden承德避暑山庄 Chengde Imperial Summer Resort苏州园林 Suzhou traditional garden悬园 Hanging Garden 又称悬空园,架高园英国皇家植物园 Royal Botanical Garden Kew garden又称邱园凡尔赛宫苑 Versailles Palace Park枫丹白露宫园 Fontainebleau Palace Garden景 viewsceneryfeature远景 distant view近景 nearby view障景 obstructive scenery blocking view又称抑景借景 borrowed sceneryview borrowing对景 oppositive sceneryview in opposite place 缩景 miniature scenery abbreviated scenery漏景 leaking through scenery框景 enframed scenery尾景 terminal feature主景 main feature副景 secondary feature配景 objective view夹景 vista linevista 又称风景线前景 front view背景 background景序 order of sceneries景点 feature spotview spot园林空间 garden space开敞空间 wide open spacewide space封闭空间 encloseure space意境 artistic conceptionpoetic imagery苍古 antiquity空灵 spaciousnessairiness动观 in-motion viewing静观 in-position viewing轴线 axisaxial line主轴 main axis副轴 auxiliary axis暗轴 hidden axisinvisible axis 又称隐轴
3、中国古代建筑及构造宫 palacetemple 亭 pavilion殿 hall 台 platform厅 又称堂 hall 坛 altar室 room 楼 storied building 房 house 阁 pavilion寨 stockaded village 廊 colonnade舫 boat house 榭 pavilion on terrace阙 que watchtower 水榭 waterside pavilion牌楼 pailou decorated gateway 轩 windowed veranda华表 huabiao ornamental pillar 民居 folk house塔 pagoda 四合院 courtyard house硬山 flush gable roof 抬梁式构架 post and lintel construction悬山 overhanging gable roof 穿斗式构架 column and tie construction歇山 gable and hip roof 井干式构架 log cabin construction庑殿 hip roof 檐柱 eave column四阿 hip roof 金柱 hypostyle column卷棚 round ridge roof 内槽柱 hypostyle column唐代术语重檐 double eave roof 大式 wooden frame with dougong攒尖 pyramidal roof 小式 wooden frame without dougong园攒尖 round pavilion roof 大木作 carpentry work大木 wooden structure 小木作 joinery work内柱(宋) hypostyle column 梭柱(宋) shuttle-shaped column山柱 center column 角背 bracket角柱(唐、宋) corner column 由戗 inverted V-shaped brace瓜柱 short column 叉手(宋) chashou inverted V-shaped brace脊瓜柱 king post 柁墩 wooden pier蜀柱 宋代术语 king post 驼峰(宋) tuofeng camel-hump shaped suport雷公柱suspended column 卷杀 entasis帐杆宋代术语suspended column 梁 beam侧脚(宋)cejiao 袱(宋) beam月梁 crescent beam 单步梁 one-step cross beam三架梁 3-purlin beam 双步梁 two-step cross beam平梁(宋)3-purlin beam 挑尖梁 main aisle exposed tiebeam四架梁 4-purlin beam 乳袱(宋) rufu beam tie五架梁 5-purlin beam 抱头梁 baotou beam四椽袱(宋)5-purlin beam 穿插枋 penetrating tie六架梁 6-purlin beam 角梁 hip rafer七架梁 7-purlin beam (木行)大式 purlin used with dougong六椽袱(宋)7-purlin beam 金(木行、大式) intermediate purlin九架梁 9-purlin beam 金檩(小式)intermediate purlin八椽袱(宋)9-purlin beam 上中平抟(宋)intermediate purlin檩(小式)purlin used without dougong 老檐(木行)(大、小式,宋) purlin on hypostyle抟(宋)purlin 正心(木行、大式) eave purlin脊(木行、大式)ridged purlin 檐檩(小式)eave purlin脊檩(小式)ridged purlin 下平抟(宋)eave purlin脊抟(宋)ridged purlin 额枋(大式) architraveused with dougong檐枋(小式)architraveused with dougong老檐枋(大式,指檐口构造) eave tiebeam阑额(宋)architrave 檐枋(小式,指檐口构造) eave tiebeam 由额垫板(大式)cushion board 顶椽 top rafter檐垫板(小式)cushion board 脑椽 upper rafter 枋 tiebeam 花架椽 intermediate rafter脊枋 ridge tiebeam 檐椽 eave rafter上金枋 upper purlin tiebeam 飞檐椽 flying rafter下金枋 lower purlin tiebeam 飞子(宋) flying rafter瓦口 tile edging 连檐 eave edging颔版(宋)tile edging 斗口 doukoumortise of cap block举架 raising the purlin 斗拱 dougongbracket set举析(宋)raising the purlin 斗 dou bracket set步架 horizontal spacing between purlins 升 block with cross mortise材 cai 大斗 cap block栔 qi 栌斗(宋) cap block分 fen 拱 gongbracketarm翘 flower arm petal 瓜拱 oval arm华拱(宋)flower arm 瓜子拱(宋) oval arm昂 anglever 万拱 long arm槽升子 center block 慢拱(宋) long arm齐心斗(宋)center block 厢拱 regular arm三才升 small block 令拱(宋) regular arm十八斗 connection block 单材拱 outer-side bracket arm交互斗(宋)connection block 撑头 small tie-beam正心拱 axial bracket arm 枋(宋) small tie-beam泥道拱(宋)axial bracket arm 耍头 nose攒 set of bracket 搏缝版(宋) gable eave board柱头科 bracket set on columns 木装修 joiners work柱头铺作(宋)bracket set on columns 外檐装修 exterior finish work平身科 bracket sets between columns内檐装修 interior finish work补间铺作(宋)bracket sets between columns框槛 door frame角科 bracket set on corner 槛 stud转角铺作(宋)bracket set on corner 抱框 jamb on door or window出 extension of bracket 格栅partition door出跳(宋)extension of bracket 抹头window stool跳(宋)tiao 棂子grill雀替 sparrow brace 裙板panel搏缝板 gable eave board 槛窗sill wall window榻板 window sill 井口天花compartment ceiling支摘窗 removable window 海墁天花flat ceiling门枕 door bearing 藻井caisson ceiling门簪 decorative cylinder 罩shelf门跋 door knocker 龛niche门钉 decorative nails on door leaf博古架antique shelf门枕石 bearing stone 瓦石作masonry抱鼓石 drum-shaped bearing stone檐墙eave wall天花 ceiling 廊墙partition wall帽儿梁 lattice framing 扇面墙horizontal partition wall支条 lattice framing 隔断墙vertical partition wall樨头 gable wall head 槛墙sill wall挑檐石 cantilever stone on eave五花山墙stepped gable wall拔磉 corbel hanging over 须弥座xumizuo叠涩(宋)corbel hanging over 圭角guijiao角柱石 corner pier 上枋upper fillet and fascia阶条石 rectangular stone slab 下枋lower fillet and fascia压阑石(宋)rectangular stone slab 上袅upper cyma recta台阶 steps 下袅lower cyma reversa踏道(宋)steps 束腰suyao踏垛 step 钩栏(宋)balustrade踏(宋)step 单钩栏(宋)single frieze balustrade斗板石 intermediate pier 垂台钩栏double frieze balustrade垂带 drooping belt stone 望柱baluster副子(宋)drooping belt stone 望柱头baluster capital象眼 triangular space 栏版frieze panel御路 yulu imperial path 华版frieze panel羌差 ramp 地伏plinth stone 柱顶石 capital stone 寻杖(宋)handrail 柱础 column base 正吻zhengwen 踬 zhi 鸱尾(宋及宋前)chiwei 碑碣 stone tablet 正脊main ridge 赑屃(宋及宋前)bixi stone turtle 垂脊diagonal ridge for hip roof vertical ridge for gable roof 趺(清)fu stone turtle 戗脊diagonal ridge for gable and hip roof 石像生 stone animal 博脊horizontal ridge for gable and hip roof 石人 stone human statue 仙人celestial being 筒瓦 round tile 走兽animal 板瓦 flat tile 砖雕brick carving 青瓦 black tile 彩画colored pattern colored drawing 脊瓦 ridge tile 苏式彩画Suzhou style pattern 琉璃瓦 glazed roof tile 旋子彩画tangent circle pattern 勾头 eave tile 和玺彩画dragons pattern 滴水 drip tile 天花彩画ceiling pattern 瓦当 tile end eave tile with pattern 点金gold pointing 箍头 end portion of painted beam 退晕color change 藻头 intermediate portion of painted beam 沥粉embossed painting 枋心 central portion of painted beam 贴金gold foil painting 注(宋)表示宋代术语,其它类似
4、外国古代建筑及构造金字塔pyramid滴水兽gargoyle方尖碑obelisk顶端饰finial牌门楼pylon花色窗棂tracery莲花式柱lotus column四叶饰quatrefoil纸草花式柱papyrus column五叶饰cinquefoil棕榈叶式柱palm column府邸mansionpalazzo塔庙ziggurat鼓座drum 列柱围廊式peristyle采光塔lantern山花pediment小侧窗bulleye window 多立克柱式Doric order涡卷装饰cartouche伊奥尼亚柱式又爱奥尼亚柱式Ionic order宣礼塔minaret科林斯柱式Corinthian order圣龛mihrabprayer niche檐口cornice讲坛mimbarpulpit 檐部entablature拱式vault type檐壁frieze筒拱barrel vault额枋architrave棱拱groin vault柱头capital肋骨拱rib bed vault柱身column shaft星形拱stellar vault槽沟flute网状拱reticulated vault圆底线脚torus扇形拱fan vault柱基plinth倒槽式拱trough vault台基stylobate钟乳拱stalactite vault输水道aqueduct券式arch type万神庙pantheon半圆券 semicircular arch凯旋门triumphal arch尖券pointed arch角斗场colosseum弧形券segmental arch 广场forum葱花券ogee arch托斯卡柱式Tuscan order马蹄券horseshoe arch门廊potchportico交角券squinch小穹顶cupola穹式dome type平嵌线reglet半球形穹顶semespherical dome主穹顶main dome葱花穹顶ogee dome半穹顶semi dome方穹顶square dome 帆拱pendentive阿拉伯花饰arabeque会堂basilica阿拉伯式柱头Arabian capital中厅central nave拱廊atcade侧廊aisle壁上拱廊blind arcade半圆形壁龛apse塔楼turret袖廊transept玫瑰窗rose window柱廊colonnade尖顶pinnacle神坛altar分享给好友转到我空间复制网址日志地址:请用Ctrl+C复制后贴给好友隐藏签名档小字体HYPERLINKjavascript:;INCLUDEPICTUREhttp://cnc.qzs.qq.com/ac/b.gif\*MERGEFORMAT上一篇HYPERLINKjavascript:;INCLUDEPICTUREhttp://cnc.qzs.qq.com/ac/b.gif\*MERGEFORMAT下一篇返回日志列表。