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考研英语翻译真题2002年Almostallourmajorproblemsinvolvehumanbehaviorandtheycannotbesolvedbyphysicalandbiologicaltechnologyalone.Whatisneededisatechnologyofbehaviorbutwehavebeenslowtodevelopthesciencefromwhichsuchatechnologymightbedrawn.61Onedifficultyisthatalmostallofwhatiscalledbehavioralsciencecontinuestotracebehaviortostatesofmindfeelingstraitsofcharacterhumannatureandsoon.Physicsandbiologyoncefollowedsimilarpracticesandadvancedonlywhentheydiscardedthem.62Thebehavioralscienceshavebeenslowtochangepartlybecausetheexplanatoryitemsoftenseemtobedirectlyobservedandpartlybecauseotherkindsofexplanationshavebeenhardtofind.Theenvironmentisobviouslyimportantbutitsrolehasremainedobscure.Itdoesnotpushorpullitselectsandthisfunctionisdifficulttodiscoverandanalyze.63Theroleofnaturalselectioninevolutionwasformulatedonlyalittlemorethanahundredyearsagoandtheselectiveroleoftheenvironmentinshapingandmaintainingthebehavioroftheindividualisonlybeginningtoberecognizedandstudied.Astheinteractionbetweenorganismandenvironmenthascometobeunderstoodhowevereffectsonceassignedtostatesofmindfeelingsandtraitsarebeginningtobetracedtoaccessibleconditionsandatechnologyofbehaviormaythereforebecomeavailable.Itwillnotsolveourproblemshoweveruntilitreplacestraditionalprescientificviewsandthesearestronglyentrenched.Freedomanddignityillustratethedifficulty.64Theyarethepossessionsoftheautonomousself-governingmanoftraditionaltheoryandtheyareessentialtopracticesinwhichapersonisheldresponsibleforhisconductandgivencreditforhisachievements.Ascientificanalysisshiftsboththeresponsibilityandtheachievementtotheenvironment.Italsoraisesquestionsconcerning“values.”Whowilluseatechnologyandtowhatends65Untiltheseissuesareresolvedatechnologyofbehaviorwillcontinuetoberejectedandwithitpossiblytheonlywaytosolveourproblems.答案
71.届时,将出现由机器人主持的电视谈话节目以及装有污染监控器的汽车,一旦这些汽车排污超标违规,监控器就会使其停驶
72.儿童将与装有个性化芯片的玩具娃娃玩耍,具有个性内置的计算机将被视为工作伙伴而不是工具,人们将在气味电视机前休闲,届时数字体时代就来到了
73.皮尔森汇集世界各地数百位研究人员的成果,编制了一个独特的新技术千年历,它列出了人们有望看到数百项重大突破和发现的最迟日期
74.但皮尔森指出,这个突破仅仅是人机一体化的开始“它是人机一体化漫长之路的第一步,最终会使人们在下世纪末之前就研制出完全电子化的仿真人”
75.家用电器将会变得如此智能化,以至于控制和操作它们会引发一种新的心理疾病--厨房狂躁2003年Almostallourmajorproblemsinvolvehumanbehaviorandtheycannotbesolvedbyphysicalandbiologicaltechnologyalone.Whatisneededisatechnologyofbehaviorbutwehavebeenslowtodevelopthesciencefromwhichsuchatechnologymightbedrawn.61Onedifficultyisthatalmostallofwhatiscalledbehavioralsciencecontinuestotracebehaviortostatesofmindfeelingstraitsofcharacterhumannatureandsoon.Physicsandbiologyoncefollowedsimilarpracticesandadvancedonlywhentheydiscardedthem.62Thebehavioralscienceshavebeenslowtochangepartlybecausetheexplanatoryitemsoftenseemtobedirectlyobservedandpartlybecauseotherkindsofexplanationshavebeenhardtofind.Theenvironmentisobviouslyimportantbutitsrolehasremainedobscure.Itdoesnotpushorpullitselectsandthisfunctionisdifficulttodiscoverandanalyze.63Theroleofnaturalselectioninevolutionwasformulatedonlyalittlemorethanahundredyearsagoandtheselectiveroleoftheenvironmentinshapingandmaintainingthebehavioroftheindividualisonlybeginningtoberecognizedandstudied.Astheinteractionbetweenorganismandenvironmenthascometobeunderstoodhowevereffectsonceassignedtostatesofmindfeelingsandtraitsarebeginningtobetracedtoaccessibleconditionsandatechnologyofbehaviormaythereforebecomeavailable.Itwillnotsolveourproblemshoweveruntilitreplacestraditionalprescientificviewsandthesearestronglyentrenched.Freedomanddignityillustratethedifficulty.64Theyarethepossessionsoftheautonomousself-governingmanoftraditionaltheoryandtheyareessentialtopracticesinwhichapersonisheldresponsibleforhisconductandgivencreditforhisachievements.Ascientificanalysisshiftsboththeresponsibilityandtheachievementtotheenvironment.Italsoraisesquestionsconcerning“values.”Whowilluseatechnologyandtowhatends65Untiltheseissuesareresolvedatechnologyofbehaviorwillcontinuetoberejectedandwithitpossiblytheonlywaytosolveourproblems.答案
61.而且,人类还有能力改变自己的生存环境,从而是让所有其它形态的生命服从人类自己独特的想法和想象
62.社会科学是知识探索的一个分支,它力图像自然科学家研究自然现象那样,用理性的、有序的、系统的和冷静的方式研究人类及其行为
63.强调收集第一手资料,加上在分析过去和现在文化形态时采用跨文化视角,使得这一研究成为一门独特并且非常重要的社会科学
64.泰勒把文化定义为“……一个复合整体,它包括人作为社会成员所获得的信仰、艺术、道德、法律、风俗以及其它能力和习惯”
65.因此,人类学中“文化”概念就像数学中“集”的概念一样,是一个抽象概念,它使大量的具体研究和认识成为可能2004年Therelationoflanguageandmindhasinterestedphilosophersformanycenturies.61TheGreeksassumedthatthestructureoflanguagehadsomeconnectionwiththeprocessofthoughtwhichtookrootinEuropelongbeforepeoplerealizedhowdiverselanguagescouldbe.Onlyrecentlydidlinguistsbegintheseriousstudyoflanguagesthatwereverydifferentfromtheirown.Twoanthropologist-linguistsFranzBoasandEdwardSapirwerepioneersindescribingmanynativelanguagesofNorthandSouthAmericaduringthefirsthalfofthetwentiethcentury.62Weareobligedtothembecausesomeoftheselanguageshavesincevanishedasthepeopleswhospokethemdiedoutorbecameassimilatedandlosttheirnativelanguages.Otherlinguistsintheearlierpartofthiscenturyhoweverwhowerelesseagertodealwithbizarredatafrom“exotic”languagewerenotalwayssograteful.63ThenewlydescribedlanguageswereoftensostrikinglydifferentfromthewellstudiedlanguagesofEuropeandSoutheastAsiathatsomescholarsevenaccusedBoasandSapiroffabricatingtheirdata.NativeAmericanlanguagesareindeeddifferentsomuchsoinfactthatNavajocouldbeusedbytheUSmilitaryasacodeduringWorldWarIItosendsecretmessages.Sapir’spupilBenjaminLeeWhorfcontinuedthestudyofAmericanIndianlanguages.64BeinginterestedintherelationshipoflanguageandthoughtWhorfdevelopedtheideathatthestructureoflanguagedeterminesthestructureofhabitualthoughtinasociety.Hereasonedthatbecauseitiseasiertoformulatecertainconceptsandnotothersinagivenlanguagethespeakersofthatlanguagethinkalongonetrackandnotalonganother.65Whorfcametobelieveinasortoflinguisticdeterminismwhichinitsstrongestformstatesthatlanguageimprisonsthemindandthatthegrammaticalpatternsinalanguagecanproducefar-reachingconsequencesforthecultureofasociety.LaterthisideabecametobeknownastheSapir-Whorfhypothesisbutthistermissomewhatinappropriate.AlthoughbothSapirandWhorfemphasizedthediversityoflanguagesSapirhimselfneverexplicitlysupportedthenotionoflinguisticdeterminism.答案
61.希腊人认为语言结构与思维过程之间存在着某种联系这一观点在人们尚未认识到语言的千差万别以前就早已在欧洲扎下了根
62.我们之所有感激他们两位先驱是因为在此之后这些土著语言中有一些已经不复存在了这是由于说这些语言的部族或是消亡了或是被同化而丧失了自己的本族语言
63.这些新近被描述的语言与已经得到充分研究的欧洲和东南亚地区的语言往往差别显著以至于有些学者甚至指责Boas和Sapir编造了材料
64.Whorf对语言与思维的关系很感兴趣逐渐形成了这样的观点在一个社会中语言的结构决定习惯思维的结构
65.Whorf进而相信某种类似语言决定论的观点其极端说法是语言禁锢思维语言的语法结构能对一个社会的文化产生深远的影响2005年ItisnoteasytotalkabouttheroleofthemassmediainthisoverwhelminglysignificantphaseinEuropeanhistory.Historyandnewsbecomeconfusedandone’simpressionstendtobeamixtureofskepticismandoptimism.46Televisionisoneofthemeansbywhichthesefeelingsarecreatedandconveyed--andperhapsneverbeforehasitservedsomuchtoconnectdifferentpeoplesandnationsasintherecenteventsinEurope.TheEuropethatisnowformingcannotbeanythingotherthanitspeoplestheirculturesandnationalidentities.WiththisinmindwecanbegintoanalyzetheEuropeantelevisionscene.47InEuropeaselsewheremulti-mediagroupshavebeenincreasinglysuccessful:groupswhichbringtogethertelevisionradionewspapersmagazinesandpublishinghousesthatworkinrelationtooneanother.OneItalianexamplewouldbetheBerlusconigroupwhileabroadMaxwellandMurdochcometomind.Clearlyonlythebiggestandmostflexibletelevisioncompaniesaregoingtobeabletocompeteinsucharichandhotly-contestedmarket.48ThisalonedemonstratesthatthetelevisionbusinessisnotaneasyworldtosurviveinafactunderlinedbystatisticsthatshowthatoutofeightyEuropeantelevisionnetworksnolessthan50%tookalossin
1989.MoreovertheintegrationoftheEuropeancommunitywillobligetelevisioncompaniestocooperatemorecloselyintermsofbothproductionanddistribution.49Creatinga“Europeanidentity”thatrespectsthedifferentculturesandtraditionswhichgotomakeuptheconnectingfabricoftheOldContinentisnoeasytaskanddemandsastrategicchoice--thatofproducingprogramsinEuropeforEurope.ThisentailsreducingourdependenceontheNorthAmericanmarketwhoseprogramsrelatetoexperiencesandculturaltraditionswhicharedifferentfromourown.Inordertoachievetheseobjectiveswemustconcentratemoreonco-productionstheexchangeofnewsdocumentaryservicesandtraining.ThisalsoinvolvestheagreementsbetweenEuropeancountriesforthecreationofaEuropeanbankforTelevisionProductionwhichonthemodeloftheEuropeanInvestmentsBankwillhandlethefinancesnecessaryforproductioncosts.50Indealingwithachallengeonsuchascaleitisnoexaggerationtosay“Unitedwestanddividedwefall”--andifIhadtochooseasloganitwouldbe“Unityinourdiversity.”Aunityofobjectivesthatnonethelessrespectthevariedpeculiaritiesofeachcountry.答案
46.电视是创造和传递感情的手段之一也许在此之前,就加强不同的民族和国家之间的联系而言,电视还从来没有像在最近的欧洲事件中起过如此大的作用
47.多媒体集团在欧洲就像在其他地方一样越来越成功了这些集团把相互关系密切的电视台、电台、报纸、杂志、出版社整合到了一起
48.仅这一点就表明在电视行业不是一个容易生存的领域这个事实通过统计数字一目了然,统计表明在80家欧洲电视网中1989年出现亏损的不少于50%
49.创造一个尊重不同文化和传统的“欧洲统一体”绝非易事,需要战略性选择正是这些文化和传统组成了连接欧洲大陆的纽带
50.在应付一个如此规模的挑战过程中,我们可以毫不夸张地说,“团结,我们就会站起来;分裂,我们就会倒下去”2006年IsittruethattheAmericanintellectualisrejectedandconsideredofnoaccountinhissocietyIamgoingtosuggestthatitisnottrue.FatherBruckbergertoldpartofthestorywhenheobservedthatitistheintellectualswhohaverejectedAmerica.Buttheyhavedonemorethanthat.Theyhavegrowndissatisfiedwiththeroleofintellectual.ItistheynotAmericawhohavebecomeanti-intellectual.Firsttheobjectofourstudypleadsfordefinition.Whatisanintellectual46IshalldefinehimasanindividualwhohaselectedashisprimarydutyandpleasureinlifetheactivityofthinkinginaSocratic苏格拉底wayaboutmoralproblems.Heexploressuchproblemsconsciouslyarticulatelyandfranklyfirstbyaskingfactualquestionsthenbyaskingmoralquestionsfinallybysuggestingactionwhichseemsappropriateinthelightofthefactualandmoralinformationwhichhehasobtained.47Hisfunctionisanalogoustothatofajudgewhomustaccepttheobligationofrevealinginasobviousamanneraspossiblethecourseofreasoningwhichledhimtohisdecision.Thisdefinitionexcludesmanyindividualsusuallyreferredtoasintellectuals--theaveragescientistforone.48Ihaveexcludedhimbecausewhilehisaccomplishmentsmaycontributetothesolutionofmoralproblemshehasnotbeenchargedwiththetaskofapproachinganybutthefactualaspectsofthoseproblems.Likeotherhumanbeingsheencountersmoralissuesevenintheeverydayperformanceofhisroutineduties--heisnotsupposedtocookhisexperimentsmanufactureevidenceordoctorhisreports.49Buthisprimarytaskisnottothinkaboutthemoralcodewhichgovernshisactivityanymorethanabusinessmanisexpectedtodedicatehisenergiestoanexplorationofrulesofconductinbusiness.Duringmostofhiswakinglifehewilltakehiscodeforgrantedasthebusinessmantakeshisethics.Thedefinitionalsoexcludesthemajorityofteachersdespitethefactthatteachinghastraditionallybeenthemethodwherebymanyintellectualsearntheirliving.50Theymayteachverywellandmorethanearntheirsalariesbutmostofthemmakelittleornoindependentreflectionsonhumanproblemswhichinvolvemoraljudgment.Thisdescriptionevenfitsthemajorityofeminentscholars.Beinglearnedinsomebranchofhumanknowledgeisonethinglivinginpublicandillustriousthoughts”asEmersonwouldsayissomethingelse.答案46.我将他定义为一个对道德问题进行苏格拉底式思考并将此作为自己人生首要责任和快乐的人47.他的职责与法官相似,必须承担这样的责任用尽可能明了的方式来展示自己做出决定的推理过程48.我之所以把他(普通科学家)排除在外,是因为尽管他的成果可能会有助于解决道德问题,但他承担的任务只不过是研究这些问题的事实方面49.但是,他的首要任务并不是考虑支配自己行为的道德规范,就如同不能指望商人专注于探索行业规范一样50.他们可以教得很好,而且不仅仅是为了挣薪水,但他们大多数人却很少或没有对需要进行道德判断的、人的问题进行独立思考2007年ThestudyoflawhasbeenrecognizedforcenturiesasabasicintellectualdisciplineinEuropeanuniversities.HoweveronlyinrecentyearshasitbecomeafeatureofundergraduateprogramsinCanadianuniversities.46Traditionallylegallearninghasbeenviewedinsuchinstitutionsasthespecialpreserveoflawyersratherthananecessarypartoftheintellectualequipmentofaneducatedperson.HappilytheolderandmorecontinentalviewoflegaleducationisestablishingitselfinanumberofCanadianuniversitiesandsomehaveevenbeguntoofferundergraduatedegreesinlaw.Ifthestudyoflawisbeginningtoestablishitselfaspartandparcelofageneraleducationitsaimsandmethodsshouldappealdirectlytojournalismeducators.Lawisadisciplinewhichencouragesresponsiblejudgment.Ontheonehanditprovidesopportunitiestoanalyzesuchideasasjusticedemocracyandfreedom.47Ontheotheritlinkstheseconceptstoeverydayrealitiesinamannerwhichisparalleltothelinksjournalistsforgeonadailybasisastheycoverandcommentonthenews.Forexamplenotionsofevidenceandfactofbasicrightsandpublicinterestareatworkintheprocessofjournalisticjudgmentandproductionjustasincourtsoflaw.Sharpeningjudgmentbyabsorbingandreflectingonlawisadesirablecomponentofajournalist’sintellectualpreparationforhisorhercareer.48Buttheideathatthejournalistmustunderstandthelawmoreprofoundlythananordinarycitizenrestsonanunderstandingoftheestablishedconventionsandspecialresponsibilitiesofthenewsmedia.Politicsormorebroadlythefunctioningofthestateisamajorsubjectforjournalists.Thebetterinformedtheyareaboutthewaythestateworksthebettertheirreportingwillbe.49InfactitisdifficulttoseehowjournalistswhodonothaveacleargraspofthebasicfeaturesoftheCanadianConstitutioncandoacompetentjobonpoliticalstories.Furthermorethelegalsystemandtheeventswhichoccurwithinitareprimarysubjectsforjournalists.Whilethequalityoflegaljournalismvariesgreatlythereisanunduerelianceamongstmanyjournalistsoninterpretationssuppliedtothembylawyers.50Whilecommentandreactionfromlawyersmayenhancestoriesitispreferableforjournaliststorelyontheirownnotionsofsignificanceandmaketheirownjudgments.Thesecanonlycomefromawell-groundedunderstandingofthelegalsystem.答案
46.长久以来,法律知识在这类学校里一起被视为律师们专有的,而不是一个受教育者的知识素养的必要组成部分
47.另一方面,这一学科把这些概念结合到日常生活中,这与新闻记者每天报道和评论新闻的做法是相同的
48.新闻记者应比普通公民更加透彻地了解法律,而这种看法是基于他们对新闻媒体业已确立的规约和特殊责任的理解
49.事实上,很难设想那些对加拿大宪法的基本要点缺乏清晰了解的新闻记者何以能胜任政治新闻的报道工作
50.尽管律师的见解和反应会提高报道的质量,但新闻记者最好凭借他们自己对重要性的理解自行做出判断2008年InhisautobiographyDarwinhimselfspeaksofhisintellectualpowerswithextraordinarymodesty.Hepointsoutthathealwaysexperiencedmuchdifficultyinexpressinghimselfclearlyandconciselybut46hebelievesthatthisverydifficultymayhavehadthecompensatingadvantageofforcinghimtothinklongandintentlyabouteverysentenceandthusenablinghimtodetecterrorsinreasoningandinhisownobservations.HedisclaimedthepossessionofanygreatquicknessofapprehensionorwitsuchasdistinguishedHuxley.47Heassertedalsothathispowertofollowalongandpurelyabstracttrainofthoughtwasverylimitedforwhichreasonhefeltcertainthathenevercouldhavesucceededwithmathematics.Hismemorytoohedescribedasextensivebuthazy.Sopoorinonesensewasitthathenevercouldrememberformorethanafewdaysasingledateoralineofpoetry.48Ontheotherhandhedidnotacceptaswellfoundedthechargemadebysomeofhiscriticsthatwhilehewasagoodobserverhehadnopowerofreasoning.Thishethoughtcouldnotbetruebecausethe“OriginofSpecies”isonelongargumentfromthebeginningtotheendandhasconvincedmanyablemen.Noonehesubmitscouldhavewrittenitwithoutpossessingsomepowerofreasoning.Hewaswillingtoassertthat“IhaveafairshareofinventionandofcommonsenseorjudgmentsuchaseveryfairlysuccessfullawyerordoctormusthavebutnotIbelieveinanyhigherdegree.”49Headdshumblythatperhapshewas“superiortothecommonrunofmeninnoticingthingswhicheasilyescapeattentionandinobservingthemcarefully.”Writinginthelastyearofhislifeheexpressedtheopinionthatintwoorthreerespectshismindhadchangedduringtheprecedingtwentyorthirtyyears.Uptotheageofthirtyorbeyonditpoetryofmanykindsgavehimgreatpleasure.Formerlytoopictureshadgivenhimconsiderableandmusicverygreatdelight.In1881howeverhesaid:“NowformanyyearsIcannotenduretoreadalineofpoetry.Ihavealsoalmostlostmytasteforpicturesormusic.”50Darwinwasconvincedthatthelossofthesetasteswasnotonlyalossofhappinessbutmightpossiblybeinjurioustotheintellectandmoreprobablytothemoralcharacter.答案
46.他相信正是这个困难具有一个补偿性优点迫使他长时间专注地思考每一句,因此促使他发现推理及他本人观察上的错误
47.他还宣称,他理解长而纯抽象的思路的能力非常有限,为此,他感到自己绝不会在数学方面获得成功
48.另一方面,他不并认为他的某些批评者的这项指责非常合理尽管他是一位优秀的观察家,他没有推理的能力
49.他还谦虚地补充道,在觉察不易被注意的事物,以及仔细观察他们方面,他要强于一般人
50.达尔文深信这些爱好的失去,不仅失去了幸福,而且可能对智力有害,还更有可能伤及品德TEM8翻译真题2003年汉译英得病以前我受父母宠爱在家中横行霸道一旦隔离拘禁在花园山坡上一幢小房子里我顿觉打入冷宫十分郁郁不得志起来一个春天的傍晚园中百花怒放父母在园中设宴一时宾客云集笑语四溢我在山坡的小屋里悄悄掀起窗帘窥见园中大千世界一片繁华自己的哥姐堂表弟兄也穿插其间个个喜气洋洋一霎时一阵被人摈弃为世所遗的悲愤兜上心头禁不住痛哭起来英译汉InhisclassicnovelThePioneersJamesFenimoreCooperhashisheroalanddevelopertakehiscousinonatourofthecityheisbuilding.Hedescribesthebroadstreetsrowsofhousesateemingmetropolis.Buthiscousinlooksaroundbewildered.Allsheseesisaforest.Wherearethebeautiesandimprovementswhichyouweretoshowmesheasks.Hesastonishedshecantseethem.Where!Whyeverywherehereplies.Forthoughttheyarenotyetbuiltonearthhehasbuilttheminhismindandtheyareasconcretetohimasiftheywerealreadyconstructedandfinished.CooperwasillustratingadistinctlyAmericantraitfuture-mindedness:theabilitytoseethepresentfromthevantagepointofthefuture;thefreedomtofeelunencumberedbythepastandmoreemotionallyattachedtothingstocome.AsAlbertEinsteinoncesaidLifefortheAmericanisalwaysbecomingneverbeing.答案SECTIONACHINESETOENGLISHBeforeIfellillmyparentsdotedonmealot.Icouldhavemywayathome.OnceIwasisolatedandconfinedinachamberonthehillsideofthegardenIsuddenlyfeltIwasneglectedandbecameverydepressed.OnespringeveningmyparentsheldaBanquetinthegardenwhereallsortsofflowerswereinfullbloom.Innotimeacrowdoftheirguestscollectedandlaughterwasheardalloverthere.Iwithoutbeingnoticedliftedthecurtaininmysmallroomonlytospythebustleofakaleidoscopicworlddowninthegardenandmyeldersistersbrothersandmycousinseachfullofthejoysofspringwereshuttlingamongtheguests.QuicklyenoughIwasthrownintoafistofsorrowfulangeratbeingforgottenanddiscardedbytherestandcouldnothelpcryingmyheartout.SECTIONBENGLISHTOCHINESE在其经典小说《开拓者》中,詹姆士·菲尼摩尔·库珀让主人公,一个土地开发商,带他的表妹参观正在由他承建的一座城市他描述了宽阔的街道,林立的房屋,热闹的都市他的表妹环顾四周,大惑不解她所看见的只是一片树林你想让我看的那些美景和改造了的地方在哪儿啊她问道他见表妹看不到那些东西,感到很惊讶哪儿到处都是啊!他答道虽然那些东西还未建成在大地上,但他已在心中将它们建好了对他来说,它们都是实实在在的,宛如已建成竣工一样库珀这里阐明的是一种典型的美国人特性着眼于未来,即能够从未来的角度看待现在;可以自由地不为过去所羁绊,而在情感上更多地依附于未来的事物正如阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦曾经说过的那样对美国人来说,生活总是在发展变化中,从来不会静止不变2004SECTIONACHINESETOENGLISHTranslatetheunderlinedpartofthefollowingtextintoEnglish.WriteyourtranslationonANSWERSHEETTHREE.在人际关系问题上我们不要太浪漫主义人是很有趣的往往在接触一个人时首先看到的都是他或她的优点这一点颇像是在餐馆里用餐的经验开始吃头盘或冷碟的时候印象很好吃头两个主菜时也是赞不绝口愈吃愈趋于冷静吃完了这顿宴席缺点就都找出来了于是转喜为怒转赞美为责备挑剔转首肯为摇头这是因为第一开始吃的时候你正处于饥饿状态而饿了吃糠甜如蜜饱了吃蜜也不甜第二你初到一个餐馆开始举筷时有新鲜感新盖的茅房三天香这也可以叫做陌生化效应吧SECTIONBENGLISHTOCHINESETranslatetheunderlinedpartofthefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationonANSWERSHEETTHREE.Formethemostinterestingthingaboutasolitarylifeandminehasbeenthatforthelasttwentyyearsisthatitbecomesincreasinglyrewarding.WhenIcanwakeupandwatchthesunriseovertheoceanasIdomostdaysandknowthatIhaveanentiredayaheaduninterruptedinwhichtowriteafewpagestakeawalkwithmydogreadandlistentomusicIamfloodedwithhappiness.ImlonelyonlywhenIamovertiredwhenIhaveworkedtoolongwithoutabreakwhenfrothetimebeingIfeelemptyadneedfillingup.AndIamlonelysometimeswhenIcomebackhomeafteralecturetripwhenIhaveseenalotofpeopleandtalkedalotandamfulltothebrimwithexperiencethatneedstobesortedout.ThenforalittlewhilethehousefeelshugeandemptyandIwonderwheremyselfishiding.Ithastoberecapturedslowlybywateringtheplantsandperhapsbylookingagainateachoneasthoughitwereaperson.IttakesawhileasIwatchthesurfblowingupinfountainsbutthemomentcomeswhentheworldsfallsawayandtheselfemergesagainfromthedeepunconsciousbringingbackallIhaverecentlyexperiencedtobeexploredandslowlyunderstood.答案SECTIONACHINESETOENGLISHWeshouldntbetooromanticabouthumanrelationships.Humanbeingsarefunny.Usuallywhentheymeetapersontheywillfirstnoticehisorhermerits.Itsjustliketheexperienceofdinninginarestaurant.Thestarterorcolddishwillleaveyouaverygoodimpression.Youwillbefullofpraisewhileeatingthefirsttwomaincourses.Themoreyoueatthecalmeryouwillbecome.Attheendofthedinneralltheshortcomingscomeout.Thenhappinessturnstoangerpraisetoscoldingandnitpickingandheadingnoddingtoheadshaking.Thisisbecause:firstyouarehungrywhenyoubegineating.Whenyouarehungrythebrantastesassweetashoney;whenyouarefulleventhehoneytastesinsipid.SECTIONBENGLISHTOCHINESE只有在我过于劳累,在我长时间无间断地工作,在我感到内心空虚,需要填补的时候,我才寂寞而有时在我巡回演讲后回家时,在我见了许多人,讲了许多话,且经历多得需要清理时,我才寂寞于是有那么一小会儿感觉房子又大又空,我都不知道我的自我藏在哪儿了于是我会给植物浇浇水,或者将它们再挨个儿瞅瞅,好像它们是人一样这样我才慢慢地重新找回自我好大一会儿,我看着水浪从喷泉中喷涌而出,但只有当世界在我身边逐渐消逝时,那一时刻才会到来,自我又从内心深处的无意识中冒出来,带来我最近的种种经历,让我探究,慢慢领会2005年SECTIONACHINESETOENGLISHTranslatethefollowingtextintoEnglish.WriteyourtranslationonANSWERSHEETTHREE.一个人的生命究竟有多大意义这有什么标准可以衡量吗?提出一个绝对的标准当然很困难;但是大体上看一个人对待生命的态度是否严肃认真看他对待劳动、工作等等的态度如何也就不难对这个人的存在意义做出适当的估计了古来一切有成就的人都很严肃地对待自己的生命当他活着一天总要尽量多劳动、多工作、多学习不肯虚度年华不让时间白白地浪费掉我国历代的劳动人民及大政治家、大思想家等等都莫不如此SECTIONBENGLISHTOCHINESETranslatethefollowingunderlinedpartofthetextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationonANSWERSHEETTHREE.Itissimpleenoughtosaythatsincebookshave–classesfictionbiographypoetry–weshouldseparatethemandtakefromeachwhatitisrightthateachshouldgiveus.Yetfewpeopleaskfrombookswhatbookscangiveus.Mostcommonlywecometobookswithblurredanddividedmindsaskingoffictionthatitshallbetrueofpoetrythatitshallbefalseofbiographythatitshallbeflatteringofhistorythatitshallenforceourownprejudices.Ifwecouldbanishallsuchpreconceptionwhenwereadthatwouldbeanadmirablebeginning.Donotdictatetoyourauthor;trytobecomehim.Behisfellowworkerandaccomplice.Ifyouhangbackandreserveandcriticizeatfirstyouarepreventingyourselffromgettingthefullestpossiblevaluefromwhatyouread.Butifyouopenyourmindaswidelyaspossiblethensignsandhintsofalmostimperceptiblefinenessfromthetwistandturnofthefirstsentenceswillbringyouintothepresenceofahumanbeingunlikeanyother.Steepyourselfinthisacquaintyourselfwiththisandsoonyouwillfindthatyourauthorisgivingyouorattemptingtogiveyousomethingfarmoredefinite.答案SECTIONACHINESETOENGLISHIsthereastandardtoevaluatethesignificanceofone’slifeIt’scertainlydifficulttoofferadefinitestandard.Butgenerallyspeakingwecantellitbyjudginghisattitudetowardslifeandworkmakingclearwhetherheisseriousabouthislife.Throughoutthehistorytheoutstandingpeoplewereallveryseriousabouttheirlives.Theymadebestuseofeveryminuteoftheirlivestoworkandstudyasmuchaspossibleneverwastingtheirtime.Noneoftheworkingpeopleandthegreatstatesmenandthinkerswereofexception.SECTIONBENGLISHTOCHINESE然而很少有人愿意接受书上告诉我们的东西通常我们是带着一种不够明确和专一的目的来读书的我们要求小说是真实的,诗歌是虚构的,传记时夸奖人的,历史是带有我们自己偏见的如果我们读书时能够抛弃这种偏见,那将会是一个很好的开端不要试图去改变作者的想法,跟随作者的思路,把自己当作他的一位合作伙伴吧假如一开始你就犹豫不决,不愿接受作者观点,或者是不同意甚至抨击作者,你将给自己设置障碍,无法充分利用书本另一方面,假如你尽量使思想开放,那么文章开头就可以给你一些暗示,由此一个与众不同的人物形象将跃然呈现于你面前2006年SECTIONACHINESETOENGLISHTranslatetheunderlinedpartofthefollowingtextintoEnglish.WriteyourtranslationonANSWERSHEETTHREE.中国民族自古以来从不把人看作高于一切在哲学文艺方面的表现都反映出人在自然界中与万物占着一个比例较为恰当的地位而非绝对统治万物的主宰因此我们的苦闷基本上比西方人为少为小;因为苦闷的强弱原是随欲望与野心的大小而转移的农业社会的人比工业社会的人享受差得多;因此欲望也小得多况中国古代素来以不滞于物不为物役为最主要的人生哲学并非我们没有守财奴但比起莫利哀与巴尔扎克笔下的守财奴与野心家来就小巫见大巫了中国民族多数是性情中正和平、淡泊、朴实、比西方人容易满足SECTIONBENGLISHTOCHINESETranslatetheunderlinedpartofthefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationonANSWERSHEETTHREE.OnMay131940WinstonChurchillthenewlyappointedBritishPrimeMinistergavehisfirstspeechtoParliament.HewaspreparingthepeopleforalongbattleagainstNaziaggressionatatimewhenEnglandssurvivalwasstillindoubt.…Ihavenothingtoofferbutbloodtoiltearsandsweat.Wehavebeforeusanordealofthemostgrievouskind.Wehavebeforeusmanymanymonthsofstruggleandsuffering.YouaskwhatisourpolicyIsayitistowagebylandseaandair.WarwithallourmightandwithallthestrengthGodhasgivenusandtowagewaragainstamonstroustyrannyneversurpassedinthedarkandlamentablecatalogueofhumancrime.YouaskwhatisouraimIcananswerinoneword.Itisvictory.Victoryatallcosts–victoryinspiteofallterrors–forwithoutvictorythereisnosurvival.Letthatberealized.NosurvivalfortheBritishEmpirenosurvivalforallthattheBritishEmpirehasstoodfornosurvivalfortheurgetheimpulseoftheagesthatmankindshallmoveforwardtowardhisgoal.Itakeupmytaskinbuoyancyandhope.Ifeelsurethatourcausewillnotbesufferedtofailamongmen.IfeelentitledatthisjunctureatthistimetoclaimtheaidofallandtosayComethenletusgoforwardtogetherwithourunitedstrength.答案SECTIONACHINESETOENGLISHSinceancienttimestheChinesenationalitieshaveneverconsideredhumanbeingstobesuperiortoeveryotherspecies.AsisreflectedinChinesephilosophyliteratureandartinthenaturalworldhumanbeingsoccupyapositioningproportiontoallothercreaturesandtheformerdonotabsolutelydominatethelatter.ThereforegenerallyspeakingweChinesefeeldepressedlessoftenandlessseverelythanpeopleinthewestfortheintensityofone’sdepressionliterallychangesalongwiththemagnitudeofone’sdesireandambition.Aspeopleinanagriculturalsocietyenjoymuchfewercomfortsthanthoseinanindustrialsocietytheyhavefewerdesiresorwishes.BesidesancientChinesealwaystookitastheirmostfundamentalphilosophyoflifethatoneshouldnotmerelybeconfinedtomaterialpursuitsorbekeptinbondagebymaterialthings.ItisquitetruethattherearemisersinChina.ButChinesemisersprovelessmiserlyandlessambitiouswhentheyarecomparedwiththosemisersandcareeristsdescribedbyMoliaiandBalzac.Beingverymild-temperedmostoftheethnicgroupsinChinaliveasimplelifewithoutworldlydesires.IncomparisonwithwesternpeopletheChinesepeopleareeasilysatisfied.SECTIONBENGLISHTOCHINESE除了苦干、流汗、流泪、甚至流血,我别无所能我们所面对的是一种最痛苦的磨难,是历时数月之久的斗争和苦难 你们会问,我们的对策是什么?我认为是从地面,海上和空中发动的一场战争,—一场竭尽我们所能,竭尽上帝所赐予我们的全部力量的战争,一场与人类罪行簿上所记载的最黑暗,最悲哀的恶魔暴政相抗争的战争 你们还会问,我们的目的是什么?我可以用一个词来回答,那就是胜利,——付出任何代价的胜利,不顾任何恐怖的胜利没有胜利就没有生存 我们必须意识到这一点没有胜利,就没有大英帝国的存在,就没有大英帝国所代表的一切的存在,就没有愿望的存在,就没有时代理想的存在,就没有朝着人类目标的买进2007年SECTIONACHINESETOENGLISHTranslatetheunderlinedpartofthefollowingtextintoEnglish.WriteyourtranslationonANSWERSHEETTHREE.暮色中河湾里落满云霞与天际的颜色混合一起分不清哪是流云哪是水湾也就在这一幅绚烂的图画旁边在河湾之畔一群羊正在低头觅食它们几乎没有一个顾得上抬起头来看一眼这美丽的黄昏也许它们要抓紧时间在即将回家的最后一刻再次咀嚼这是黄河滩上的一幕牧羊人不见了他不知在何处歇息只有这些美生灵自由自在地享受着这个黄昏这儿水草肥美让它们长得肥滚滚的像些胖娃娃如果走近了会发现它们那可爱的神情洁白的牙齿那丰富而单纯的表情如果稍稍长久一点端详这张张面庞还会生出无限的怜悯SECTIONBENGLISHTOCHINESEScientificandtechnologicaladvancesareenablingustocomprehendthefurthestreachesofthecosmosthemostbasicconstituentsofmatterandthemiracleoflife.Atthesametimetodaytheactionsandinactionofhumanbeingsimperilnotonlylifeontheplanetbuttheverylifeoftheplanet.Globalizationismakingtheworldsmallerfasterandricher.Still9/11avianfluandIranremindusthatasmallerfasterworldisnotnecessarilyasaferworld.Ourworldisburstingwithknowledge-butdesperatelyinneedofwisdom.Nowwhensoundbitesaregettingshorterwheninstantmessagescrowdoutessaysandwhenindividuallivesgrowmorefrenziedcollegegraduatescapableofdeepreflectionarewhatourworldneeds.ForallthesereasonsIbelieved-andIbelieveevenmorestronglytoday-intheuniqueandirreplaceablemissionofuniversities.答案SECTIONACHINESETOENGLISHBesidethispicturewithprofusionsofcolorsagroupofsheeparelowingtheirheadseatingbytheriverbank.Hardlynoneofthemwouldsparesometimetoraisetheireyestohaveaglanceatthebeautifuldusk.Theyareperhapstakinguseofeveryminutetoenjoytheirlastchewbeforebeingdrivenhome.ThisisapictureoftheYellowRiverbankinwhichtheshepherddisappearsandnooneknowswhereheisrestinghimself.Onlythesheephoweverasfreecreaturesarejoyfullyappreciatingthedusk.Theexuberantwaterplantshavenourishedthesheepmakingthemgrowasfatasballs.Whenapproachingnearyouwouldfindtheirlily-whiteteethandavarietyofinnocentfacialimpressions.SECTIONBENGLISHTOCHINESE科技进步正在使我们能够探索宇宙的边陲、物质最基本的成分及生命的奇迹.与此同时,今天,人类所做的及没能做到的事情,不仅危害到这个星球上的生命,也危害到该星球的寿命全球化正在使地球变得愈来愈小、愈来愈快和愈来愈富有尽管如此,9/
11、禽流感及伊朗提醒我们,更小更快的世界决不意味着其更安全我们正处于一个知识爆炸的世界之中,不过,迫切需要智慧现在,在(新闻采访的)原声摘要播出变得愈来愈短,即时信息淘汰了杂记文,个人生活变得如痴如狂之际,这个世界还是需要能够深思的大学生考虑到这些理由,我过去信仰,而今天甚至更加强烈地信仰大学独特的、无可取代的使命2008年TranslatetheunderlinedpartofthefollowingtextintoEnglish.WriteyourtranslationonANSWERSHEETTHREE.都市寸土千金地价炒得越来越高今后将更高拥有一个小小花园的希望对寻常之辈不啻是一种奢望一种梦想我想其实谁都有一个小小花园这便是我们的内心世界人的智力需要开发人的内心世界也是需要开发的人和动物的区别除了众所周知的诸多方面恐怕还在于人有内心世界心不过是人的一个重要脏器而内心世界是一种景观它是由外部世界不断地作用于内心渐渐形成的每个人都无比关注自己及至亲至爱之人心脏的渐损以至于稍有微疾便惶惶不可终日但并非每个人都关注自己及至亲至爱之人的内心世界的阴晴SECTIONBENGLISHTOCHINESETranslatethefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationonANSWERSHEETTHREE.Butashasbeentrueinmanyothercaseswhentheywereatlastmarriedthemostidealofsituationswasfoundtohavebeenchangedtothemostpractical.Insteadofhavingsharedtheiroriginaldutiesandasschool-boyswouldsaygoinghalvestheydiscoveredthatthecaresoflifehadbeendoubled.Thisledtosomedistressingmomentsforbothourfriends;theyunderstoodsuddenlythatinsteadofdwellinginheaventheywerestilluponearthandhadmadethemselvesslavestonewlawsandlimitations.Insteadofbeingfreerandhappierthaneverbeforetheyhadassumednewresponsibilities;theyhadestablishedanewhouseholdandmustfulfillinsomewayoranothertheobligationsofit.Theylookedbackwithaffectiontotheirengagement;theyhadbeenlongingtohaveeachothertothemselvesapartfromtheworldbutitseemedtheyneverfeltsokeenlythattheywerestillunitsinmodernsociety.答案CTIONACHINESETOENGLISHInfactIthinkeveryonehasasmallgardenandthatisourinnerworld.People’sintelligenceneedstobedevelopedsodoestheinnerworld.Thedifferencebetweenpeopleandanimalsinadditiontothemanywell-knownisalsointheinnerworld.Theheartisanimportantorganhowevertheinnerworldisalandscape.Itgraduallytookshapeundertheconstantinfluenceoftheoutsideworldontheheart.Everyoneissoconcernedaboutthehealthoftheheartsoftheirbelovedonesaswellashisthataslightdiseasewouldcausegreatanxiety.Butnoteveryoneisconcernedabouttheinnerworldofthemselvesandtheirbelovedones..SECTIONBENGLISHTOCHINESE但是正如其他许多已经发生过的事情一样,当他们最终结婚后,发现最憧憬的生活变得再实际不过了他们非但没有分担各自原先的责任---正如那些学生们所说“一半一半”,相反却发现生活的重担加倍了这使得我们那两个结婚的朋友时常觉得沮丧;他们突然发现自己并没有过着天堂般的生活而是仍实实在在地生活在地球上,而且成为了新规则和新约束的奴隶他们不但没有比以前更加自由和幸福反而承担了新的责任;他们建立了新的家庭所以必须用某种方式履行义务他们深情地回想起订婚的那段时光,曾经如此地渴望拥有彼此而忘掉这个世界,然而现在最深切的感受却是自己仍是这个世界的一份子。