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2013年英语二复习试题UNIT1-1UNIT1
一、wordstudy objectiveaccompanyarguedefine
①objective a.⑴客观的,真实的⑵如实的,无偏见的 Wehavetoaccepttheobjectiverealityasitis. 我们必须接受客观事实 Theliterarycriticsshouldbeasobjectiveaspossibleinanalysisandjudgement. 文学批评家在分析和评价时应尽量不偏不倚 n.目标,目的 PeopleworkhardtocarryouttheeconomicobjectivesoftheNinthFive-YearPlan. 人们为了实现第九个五年规划的经济目标而努力工作 Myobjectiveforthepresentistopasstheoralexam. 我目前的目标是通过口试
②accompany vt./vi.
1、伴随,陪同;
2、为伴奏 Thesingerwasaccompaniedonthepianobyhispupil. 演唱者由他的学生担任钢琴伴奏 Thelonelyoldmanisaccompaniedbyhisdog. 这位孤独的老人让他的狗作伴 Allordersmustbeaccompaniedwithcash. 所有的订货单必须随附现金
③argue vt./vi.争辩,争论,辩论 作不及物动词用时,后边可以接withabout或over,for(赞成)或against(反对) Sheisalwaysreadytoargueoverthesmallestissues. 她总喜欢为极小的问题进行争论 HeoftenarguesphilosophywithJames. 他常和詹姆斯讨论哲学 Hearguedforimmediateaction. 他主张立即行动 Theyarguedagainstsuchapolicy. 他们反对这种政策 vt.
1、说服;
2、用辩论说服 argueinto(outof)doingsth.. 说服某人做(不做)某事 Iarguedhimoutofgoingonsuchadangerousjourney. 我说服他不做这样危险的旅行 Hearguedthatmanwasdescendedfromapes. 他论证人类的祖先是猿
④define vt.
1、解释,给下定义;
2、限定,规定 Workisdefinedastheproductofaforceandthedistancethroughwhichitspointofapplicationmovesinthedirectionoftheforce. 功的定义是力和力的着力点沿力的方向移动的距离的乘积 Hehasdefinedhispositionontheissues. 他已表明自己在这些问题上的立场UNIT1-2
二、常考句型
1、决策是在现有的可选做法中所做的选择P1 Adecisionisachoicemadefromamongalternativecoursesofactionthatareavailable.
2、管理者经常必须对未来的情况下做出最佳的猜测,尽量不存侥幸P2 Oftenmanagersmustmakeabestguessatwhatthefuturewillbeandtrytoleaveaslittleaspossibletochance.
3、如果没有选择,就无决策可言P3 Ifthereisnochoicethereisnodecisiontobemade.
4、对于管理者而言,每次决策都受到政策、程序、法律、惯例等待因素的制约P3 Formanagerseverydecisionhasconstraintsbasedonpoliciesprocedureslawsprecedentsandthelike.
5、例如,管理者有时以非此即彼的方式来处理问题P4 Forexamplemanagerssometimestreatproblemsinaneither/orfashion.
6、决策者们必须有办法决定数个可选项中的哪一个是最好的---哪一个对组织目标的实现起作用最大P6 Decisionmakersmusthavesomewayofdeterminingwhichofseveralalternativesisbest—thatiswhichcontributesthemosttotheachievementoforganizationalgoals.
7、就更大的系统来说,增加研究经费以便改进产品,对该组织更有益P6 Inthelargerschemeofthingshoweverincreasedfundingforresearchtoimprovetheproductsmightbemorebeneficialtotheorganization.
8、有些目标比另一些目标更重要,但其排序和重要性则因人和部门而异P7 Someoftheseobjectivesaremoreimportantthanothersbuttheorderanddegreeofimportanceoftenvaryformpersontopersonandfromdepartmenttodepartment.
三、习题
1.单词英译汉 goalobjectiveaccomplishpredictaccompanyimplementtendencyachievementarguebudgetdefineentity
2.词组英译汉 inthewayinpartpointofviewcontributetotoapplyforinhandtoturndown
3.句子英译汉 与常考句型相同
4.TextA汉译英 决策者应该能够对将来作出最好的推测 Decisionmakersshouldbeabletomakeabestguessatwhatthefuturewillbe. 有人认为经理们所作的一切均与决策有关 Somepeoplebelievealmosteverythingamanagerdoesinvolvesdecision. 没有正确的选择就没有正确的决定 Ifthereisnoproperchoicethereisnoproperdecision. 不同的人对同样的问题有不同的看法,所以解决的办法也不同 Differentpeoplehavedifferentideasaboutthesameproblem;theirsolutionstotheproblemarethereforealsodifferent. 决策者往往是公司业务发展的关键 Decisionmakersoftenplaythekeyroleinthedevelopmentofthebusinessofacompany. Decisionmakersareusuallykeypeoplewhodeterminethecompanysbusinessdevelopment.UNIT1-3
四、历年试题
1.Almosteverythingamanagerdoes_______involvedecisionsindeedsomesuggestthatthemanagementprocessisdecisionmaking.
99.4 答案是involves.考点:involve为谓语动词,应该用一般现在时
2.Ifthereisnochoicethereisnodecision_______make.
99.4 答案是tobemade考点tobemade是动词不定式作定语修饰decision.
3.Ifyouarenow_____yourthirtiesyoucanexpecttolivenearlyonethirdoftherestofyourlifeaftertheageof
60.
99.4 A.in B.at C.between D.among 答案是 A.
4.Almosteverythingamanagerdoes_____decisions;indeedsomesuggestthatthemanagementprocessisdecisionmaking.
00.4 A.imposes B.improvise C.involves D.indicates 答案为C.
5.When______presentwithacommoncasesalesmanagerstendtoseesalesproblemsandproductionmanagersseeproductionproblems. 答案为presented.考点present是过去分词作状语
6.Anorganizationisagroupofpeopleandadecision_____maketodaymayhaveconsequencesfarintothefuture. 答案是made.考点make是过去分词作定语,修饰decision.
7.汉译英通常管理者必须对未来的情况作出最佳的预测 答案Oftenmanagersmustmakeabestguessatwhatthefuturewillbe.
1.决策的目的是为了实现组织的目标 答Thepurposeofmakingadecisionistoachieveorganizationalgoals.
2.决策过程对经营管理至关重要 答Thedecision-makingprocessisfundamentaltobusinessmanagement.
3.经理所做的任何事情几乎都与决策有关 答Almosteverythingamanagerdoesinvolvesdecision-making.
4.虽然我们不能预见未来,但应当尽量减少偶然性发生 答Althoughwecannotpredictthefuturewemusttrytleaveaslittleaspossibletochance.
5.不同的管理者对同一问题的解释不同 答Differentmanagerdefinethesameproblemindifferentterms.UNIT2-1
一、wordstudy exertcollapselauchoperate
①exert vt.尽(力);发挥(威力等);施加(压力等);产生(影响等);行使(职权等) Hehasexertedallhisstrengthtoattainhisgoal. 他已尽了全力以达到自己的目标 Hehasbeenexertingalotofpressureonmetochangemymind. 他一直在施加种种压力要我改变主意 Theseprinciplesexertedgreatinfluenceuponthecourseoftherevolution. 这些原则对革命进程产生了很大的影响
②collapse n.
1、倒塌,崩溃,瓦解;
2、(健康等)垮掉,(因精疲力竭等原因)倒下 Thestormcausedthecollapseofthewoodenshelter. 暴风雨使这个避风雨的木棚倒塌了 Hesufferedfromanervouscollapse. 他的精神崩溃了 Thecollapseofthegovernmentleftthecountryinconfusion. 政府的倒台使全国陷入混乱之中 vi.倒塌,崩溃 Theroofcollapsedundertheweightofthesnow. 屋顶被雪压塌了 Thenegotiationscollapsedafterseveralmeetings. 会谈了几次之后,谈判破裂了 Inthelastweeksofthewarshecollapsedfromlongimprisonment. 在战争的最后几个星期里她的身体因长期监禁而垮掉了
③lauch vt
1、发射,投射;
2、使(船)下水 Thesatellitewaslaunchedinarocket. 这颗卫星是由火箭发射的 Thehunterlaunchedaspearatthewolf. 猎人把矛向狼掷去 Anewshiphasbeensuccessfullylaunched. 一条新船已成功地下水 vt./vi.发动,发起(运动等) launchoutinto开始,着手进行 Ourarmylaunchedanattackontheenemy. 我们的军队向敌人发起猛攻 Thepolicelaunchedaninvestigationintothecase. 警察对此案开展了调查 Theresearchgrouplaunchedoutintoaseriesofnewexperiment. 研究小组着手进行了一系列新的实验UNIT2-2
④operate vi.
1、运转,起作用;
2、动手术(onupon) Theelevatoroperatessmoothly. 电梯运行顺利 Themedicinegraduallyoperated. 药物逐渐奏效了 Thedoctoroperatedontheneckofthepatient. 医生给病人的颈部动手术 vt.
1、操作,操纵,经营;
2、对动手术 Thisairlineoperatesfivemainlinesanddozensofbranchlines. 这家航空公司经营五条主干线和十几条支线 Doyouknowhowtooperatethemachine 你知道怎么开这台机器吗? Thedoctoroperatedthepatientontheneck. 医生给病人的颈部动手术 Hewasoperatedonforlungcancer. 他因肺癌动了手术
二、常考句型
1、天文学家和科学家认为黑洞是一种空间区,物质可以掉进黑洞但任何物质不能逃脱P1 Astronomersandscientiststhinkthatablackholeisaregionofspaceintowhichmatterhasfallenandfromwhichnothingcanescape.
2、理论上是这样的当某些星体的密度增大到某一特定点时便发生爆炸P2 Thetheoryisthatsomestarsexplodewhentheirdensityincreasestoaparticularpoint.
3、有人认为圣诞星可能是一颗超新星P2 SomepeoplethinkthattheStartofBethlehemcouldhavebeenasupernova.
4、假定一个人掉进黑洞,他会认为很快就能到达黑洞中心P3 Ifamanfellintoablackholehewouldthinkthathereachedthecenterofitveryquickly.
5、只是在近几年天文学家才开始具体研究黑洞P3 Itisonlyrecentlythatastronomershavebegunspecificresearchintoblackholes.
6、另一方面,科学家们也在设想,由于有非常先进的技术,人们也许能在将来利用黑洞为人类服务P5 Ontheotherhandscientistshavesuggestedthateveryadvancedtechnologycouldonedaymakeuseoftheenergyofblackholesformankind.
三、习题 Unit2练习
1.词汇英译汉 escapeexplodecollapseshrinkgravitymeasurementbasislaunchconvincingcompanion speculationswallowoperatetomakeuseofagreatmanyaboveall
2.句子英译汉 1~6与常考句型相同 7Theremightbeamassiveblackholeatthecenterofourgalaxyswallowingupstarsataveryrapidrate. 8Theyshowusaworldwhichoperatesinatotallydifferentwayfromourownandtheyquestionourmostbasicexperienceofspaceandtime.UNIT2-33句子汉译英 黑洞是什么,天文学家还没有完全解决这个问题 Astronomershavenotyetfullysolvedtheproblemofwhatablackholeis. 据说黑洞可以将其周围的一切物体,如星星吞食掉 Itissaidthatblackholesareabletoswallowupalltheobjectsaroundthemsuchasstars. 对黑洞的研究刚刚开始,各种各样的假说层出不穷 Theresearchofblackholesisjustbeginningandspeculationaboutthemareendless. 科学家仍不能说出黑洞内发生了什么 Scientistsstillcannottellwhathappensinsideablackhole. Itisstillimpossibleforscientiststotellwhathappensinsideablackhole. 如果我们认识了黑洞,黑洞就不那么可怕了 Ifweunderstoodblackholestheywouldnotbesofearful. Blackholeswillnotbesofearfulifwegettoknowthem. 单元课后练习 Ⅰ.WordSpelling
1.密度n.density________
2.(使)倒塌,(使)崩溃v.collapse________
3.边界线,边界n.boundary________
4.永恒的,经久不变的a.c________
5.基础,根据n.b________
6.发射,发动v.l________
7.双胞胎之一a.t________
8.同伴,同事n.c________
9.人类n.m________
10.推测,猜测n.s________
11.吞v.s________
12.不充分的a.i________
13.物质n.m________
14.情况,环境a.c________
15.发生,出现v.o________
16.强烈的a.i________
17.证据n.e________
18.看不见的a.i________
19.宇航员n.a________
20.热带的a.t________ Ⅱ.WordForm
1.Supernovae____reportbyastronomersintheseventeenthandeighteenthcenturies.
2.Imaginetheearthreducedtothesizeofamarblebutstill____havethesamemassandyouhavesomeideaoftheforceofablackhole.
3.Ifone____makeajourneyovertheContinentsonewouldfindeverykindofsurfaceincludingmountainrangesplainsandemptyareascoveredpermanentlybyiceandsnow.
4.Andastronomersareplanninganewobservatorytostudytheindividualexplodingstars____believetobeblackholes.
5.Matterfromtheonewhichwecansee____pulltowardsthecompanionstar.UNIT2-
46.Theremightbeamassiveblackholeatthecentreofourgalaxy____swallowupstarsataveryrapidrate.
7.Themost____convinceevidenceofblackholescomesfromresearchintobinarystarsystems.
8.Theyshowusaworldwhichoperatesina____totaldifferentwayfromourown.
9.Thesurfaceofsomeareas____consistlargelyofhighmountainsanddeepvalleys.
10.Ourworldisthehomeofaverygreatmanydifferentpeople-peopleswithdifferent____colourskins. Ⅲ.VocabularyandStructure
1.Astronomersandscientiststhinkthatablackholeisaregionofspacenotathing____whichmatterhasfallenand____whichnothingcanescape-notevenlight. [A]intointo [B]intofrom [C]frominto [D]fromfrom
2.Thisprocessofshrinkingmaybesointense____ablackholeresults. [A]whether [B]what [C]which [D]that
3.Binarystars____theirnamesuggestsaretwinstarswhosepositioninspaceaffectseachother. [A]as [B]that [C]what [D]if
4.Insomebinarysystemsastronomershaveshownthatthereisaninvisiblecompanionstarapartnerto____whichwecanseeinthesky. [A]theone [B]that [C]theones [D]those
5.Ontheotherhandscientistshavesuggestedthatveryadvancedtechnologycouldoneday____theenergyofblackholesformankind. [A]makefunof [B]makesureof [C]makeuseof [D]makesenseof
6.Astronomershaveevidenceofafewotherstarstoowhichmighthaveblackholesas____. [A]companies [B]comparisons [C]compounds [D]companions
7.Theearthisoneofnineplanetswhichmovein____roundthesun. [A]track [B]orbit [C]tour [D]routeUNIT2-
58.InAugust1977asatellitewas____togatherdataabouttheblackholesintheMilkyway. [A]posted [B]delivered [C]launched [D]transmitted
9.Thetermswewouldnormallyusetodescribeascientificphenomenonare____here. [A]inadequate [B]invisible [C]intense [D]individual
10.WeknownothingabouteventswhichhappenonceobjectspassthisboundaryBut____mattermustbehaveverydifferentlyinsidethehole. [A]inaddition [B]inperson [C]indetail [D]intheory Ⅳ.C-ETranslation
1.这个收缩的过程如此强烈,以至于黑洞产生了
2.直到最近天文学家们才开始研究黑洞
3.但是从理论上说,物质在黑洞里的行为一定非常不同
4.黑洞最强有力的证据来自对双星系的研究
5.有一天也许人类也会遭此命运 单元自测答案Unit2 Ⅰ.WordSpelling
1.density
2.collapse
3.boundary
4.constant
5.basis
6.launch
7.twin
8.companion
9.mankind
10.speculation
11.swallow
12.inadequate
13.matter
14.circumstance
15.occur
16.intense
17.evidence
18.invisible
19.astronaut
20.tropical Ⅱ.WordForm
1.werereported
2.having
3.made
4.believed
5.isbeingpulled
6.swallowing
7.convincing
8.totally
9.consists
10.coloured Ⅲ.VocabularyandStructure
1.B
2.D
3.A
4.A
5.C
6.D
7.B
8.C
9.A
10.D Ⅳ.C-ETranslation
1.Thisprocessofshrinkingissointensethatablackholeresults.
2.Itisonlyrecently/Itisnotuntilrecentlythatastronomershavebegunspecificresearchintoblackholes.UNIT2-
63.Butintheorymattermustbehaveverydifferently/inaverydifferentmannerinsidetheblackhole.
4.Themostconvincingevidenceofblackholescomesfromresearchintobinarystarsystems.
5.Mankindmayonedaymeetthisfate.
四、历年试题
1.星体的密度增大到一定程度时就会发生爆炸 答Thestarwillexplodewhenitsdensityincreasestosomeextent.
2.你能想象黑洞的引力有多大吗? 答Canyouimaginehowstrongthegravitationalpullofablackholeis
3.假如有人掉进黑洞,他会认为很快能到达黑洞的中心 答Ifamanfellintoablackholehewouldthinkthathereachedthecenterofitveryquickly.
4.早在17世纪天文学家便对超新星有过报道 答Supernovaewerereportedbyastronomersasearlyasintheseventeenthcentury.
5.他已尽了全力以达到自己的目标 答Hehasexertedallhisstrengthtoattainhisgoal.UNIT3-1
一、wordstudy requestensureopposeburdenopenup
①requestn./vt.请求,要求 request后面接for,表示要求的对象;“根据要求”为by或onrequest;“应之要求”则为atsb’srequest Hemadearequestforimmediatehelp. 他要求立即给予帮助Minibusesstopbyrequest.小公共汽车招手即停 Instructionswillbesentimmediatelyonuponrequest. 说明将按要求立即寄出 Thesingergaveonemoresongatourrequest.歌唱家在我们的要求下又唱了一首歌Yoursilenceisrequested. 请勿说话
②ensurevt.保证,担保 ensure后面接against或from,表示“保证免于”;后面接to或for,则表示“保证具有” Wecanensurethattheworkwillbedoneintherightway. 我们可以保证把工作做好 Thepolicecanensurethewitnessagainst或fromdanger. 警察能保证证人免受危险 Thismeasureensureto或forusavoiceinthematter. 这项措施使我们在这件事上具有发言权
③opposevt.
1、反对,反抗;
2、使相对,使对抗(to) Manypeopleopposedbuildinganewhighwaybecauseofthegreatcost. 由于代价过于高昂,许多人都反对修一条新公路 Tothedifficultiessheopposedawillofiron. 她用钢铁般的意志对待困难 Whathesaidwastotallyopposedtothefacts. 他说的与事实完全相反 Wearefirmlyopposedtothisdirtypoliticaldeal. 我们坚决反对这场肮脏的政治交易
④burdenn.
1、担子,负担;
2、责任,义务 Sheborethewholeburdenofraisingtwochildren. 她一个人负起抚养两个孩子的全部责任 Theburdenofrunningthefactoryistooheavyforhisfailinghealth.管理这家工厂的重担对他日益恶化的健康来说是太重了vt.使负重担;麻烦,劳累 Themotherwasburdenwithworries. 妈妈忧心忡忡 Studentsareheavilyburdenedwithhomeassignments. 学生家庭作业负担过重
⑤openup
1、打开;
2、开办,开辟,开发;
3、坦诚地或无拘无束地谈话Theyopeneduphisstomachtogetatthesourceofthetrouble.他们给他的胃开了刀,以找出病根 Theyopenedupamineintheremoteareas. 他们在那个偏远地区开了矿 Theydecidedtoopenupabusinessinthetown. 他们决定在城里开一家店 Thegirldecidedtoopenupandtelluseverything. 这个女孩决定坦诚地告诉我们一切UNIT3-2
二、常考句型
1、范万德尔重病在身,再也不能说清楚话,他知道他没有康复的希望,身体状况正在急剧恶化P2 AffectedwithaseriousdiseasevanWendalwasnolongerabletospeakclearlyandheknewtherewasnohopeofrecoveryandthathisconditionwasrapidlydeteriorating.
2、在让自己的医生注射最后结束生命的那一针之前,范万德尔生命中的最后三个月被拍摄了下来,去年在荷兰电视上首次播出P3 VanWendel’slastthreemonthsoflifebeforebeinggivenafinallethalinjectionbyhisdoctorwerefilmedandfirstshownontelevisionlastyearintheNetherlands.
3、从那时开始,已有20多个国家买下了这个节目,每次播放都引起了对这一话题的全国性大辩论P3 Theprogrammehassincebeenboughtby 20countries and eachtime it isshownit startsanationwidedebateonthesubject.
4、那些反对安乐死的人实际在告诉我,临终者没有这个权利P9 Whatthosepeoplewhoopposeeuthanasiaaretellingmeisthatdyingpeoplehaven’ttheright.
三、习题
1.词汇英译汉 . weaken . deteriorate .debate . legal. request . criterion . ensure . oppose traditionconsiderationdisabled.burdenvulnerableprohibitionsensitive 词组.todebateon.tomakerequestforbeopposedto.totake…intoaccount
2.句子英译汉(重点句) AffectedwithaseriousdiseasevanWendalwasnolongerabletospeakclearlyandheknewtherewasnohopeofrecoveryandthathisconditionwasrapidlydeteriorating. VanWendel’slastthreemonthsoflifebeforebeinggiven afinallethal injectionbyhis doctorwerefilmedandfirstshownontelevisionlastyearintheNetherlands. Theprogrammehassincebeenboughtby20countriesandeachtimeitisshownitstartsanationwidedebateonthesubject. Whatthosepeoplewhoopposeeuthanasia aretellingmeisthatdyingpeoplehaven’tthe right. Theguidelinesdemandthatthepatientisexperiencingextremesufferingthatthereisno chanceofacureandthatthepatienthasmaderepeatedrequestsforeuthanasia. Ithinkthatanythingthatlegallyallowstheshorteningoflifedoesmakethosepeoplemorevulnerable.
3.句子汉译英P.59 安乐死的确能解除临终病人的痛苦 Euthanasiacanreallyhelpridthedyingpatientsofextremesuffering.Euthanasiadoesreleasethedyingpeoplefromtheirsuffering.你知道不知道荷兰是欧洲唯一允许安乐死的国家 DoyouknowthattheNetherlandsistheonlycountryinEuropethatpermitseuthanasia 支持这一观点的医生并不意味着他们不关心病人 Thosedoctorswhosupporttheideanevermeantheydon’tcareabout/forpatients. 在第一个医生诊断疾病之后,必须由另外一名医生确认病情 Afterthefirstdoctorhasdiagnosedtheillnessaseconddoctormustconfirmthecase. 反对者认为病人并不一定真正希望结束生命,可能请求之后另有他求 Opponentsthinkpatientsmaynotreallywanttoendtheirlivesandprobablythereisanotherrequestbehindtherequest.
四、历年试题
1.Thefilm (show)CeesVanWendel’sdeathwasbothmovingandsensitive.(
99.10) 答案showing.考点showing 是现在分词作定语修饰thefilm.
2.EachtimetheprogrammerofVanWendal’slastdaysbeforeeuthanasiawasshowedonTVitstartsanationwidedebate thesubject.(
99.10) A.for B.against C.on D.of 答案C.考点词组debateon 对… 的争论
3.汉译英每次播放这个节目,都引起对此话题的全国性大辩论(
99.10)答案Eachtimeitisshownthisprogramstartsanationwidedebateonthesubject.
4.汉译英据说那个病人曾要求医生助他一死(
00.10)答案Thepatientissaidtohaveaskedthedoctortohelphimdie. (或者Itissaidthatthepatienthasaskedthedoctortohelphimdie.)UNIT4-1
一、wordstudy exploitcampaignexecutedeservestatusbringover
①exploitvt.
1、开发,开采;
2、利用;
3、剥削Amineisexploitedforitsminertals.开发矿山是为了采矿 ThestudentexploitseverypossibilitytolearnEnglish. 这个学生利用一切可能性学英语 Thecompanyexploiteditsworkerswithlonghoursandlowpay. 该公司用长工时、低工资的方法来剥削工人
②campaignn.
1、战役;
2、运动,参选运动 TheHuai-HaiCampaignwasessentialtothevictoryoftheWarof Liberation. 淮海战役对解放战争的胜利至关重要 Ourcountryislaunchingacampaignagainstwaste. 我们国家正在开展反浪费运动 Hispresidentialcampaignsucceededandhewontheelection.总统竞选运动取得成功,他当选了vi.参加运动,参加竞选活动 Theywerecampaigningtokeepthelocalschoolopen. 他们为使当地学校不致关闭而奔走活动 Thecandidatesforpresidentcampaignedbysendingoutletterstovotersandspeakingatpublicmeeting. 总统候选人通过向选民发信和群众集会上讲演来竞选 vt.使参加运动;对进行活动 Joaniscampaigningthegovernmentforequalrightsforwomen. 琼对政府进行活动,要求给予妇女同等权利
③executevt.
1、实行,执行,完成,贯彻;
2、将处死Allorderswereimmediatelyexecuted. 所有的命令都立即执行了 Yourorderwillbeexecutedasearlyaspossible. 你的命令将尽早执行 Thepianistexecutedthepieceofmusicperfectly. 这位钢琴家把这首曲子演奏得完美极了 Thecriminalwasexecutedafterthetrial. 审判后罪犯即被处死
④deservevt.应受,值得(宾语可用名词,动词或动词不定式)Hecertainlydeservespraise. 他的确应受表扬 Ourbanddeservesrankingwiththebestinthiscountry. 我们的乐队在国内当之无愧属于一流Hedeservestobesenttoprison.他应该被送去坐牢 由deserve变成的形容词deserving后边用介词of Therobberisdeservingofcapitalpunishment. 这个强盗应处极刑 Theoldmanwasreallydeservingofpity. 那个老人家实在值得可怜
⑤statusn.
1、情形,状况;
2、地位,身份 Weshouldbealwaysawareofthestatusofworldaffairs. 我们应该时刻关注世界形势 Nonewillquestionhisstatusasascholar. 没有人会怀疑他的学者身份 Weshouldraisethestatusofwomeninsociety.UNIT4-2我们应该提高妇女的社会地位
⑥bringover
1、把带来;
2、使转变 Nextsummerhehopestobringhisfamilyoverfromtheunitedstates. 他希望明年夏天把家属从美国带来 Myfatherisalwaystryingtobringmeovertohiswayofthinking. 我的父亲总想使我接受他的思想方法
二、重点句型
1、据估计,有20000多海外来的家庭佣人在英国工作P1 Thereareestimatedtobemorethan20000overseasdomesticservantsworkinginBritain.Therebe表存在的句型
2、在这20000人中,将近2000人正受着她们的雇主的剥削和虐待P1 Ofthese20000justunder2000 arebeingexploitedandabusedbytheiremployers.
3、在今年早些时候的几个广为报道的事例中,全世界女佣的悲惨处境得到新闻媒体的很大关注P3 The sad condition of women working as domestics around the world received much mediaattentionearlierthisyearinseveralhighlypublicizedcases.
4、一名菲律宾女佣因被指控犯有谋杀罪而在新加坡遭处决,尽管各地都抗议说她的犯罪事实不能充分确定P3 AFilipinomaidwasexecutedinSingaporeafterbeingconvictedofmurderdespiteprotestsformvariousquartersthatherguilthadnotbeenadequatelyestablished.
5、她曾在斯里兰卡一家茶厂挣一份十分微薄的工资P5 SheusedtoworkforaverylowwageatateafactoryinSriLanka.
6、因为她发现很难养活自己的4个孩子,所以接受了一件在伦敦当佣人的工作P5 BecauseshefounditdifficulttofeedherfourchildrensheacceptedajobworkingasadomesticinLondon.
7、因此如果她们提出申诉,她们就有被驱逐出境的危险 Soiftheydocomplaintheyriskbeingdeported.
三、习题
1.单词英译汉domestic,statistic,diplomat,exploit,campaign,execute,convict,despite,deserving,shelf,minimum,status,deport,
2.句子英译汉
(1)Thereareestimatedtobemorethan20000overseasdomesticservantsworkingin Britain.
(2)Ofthese20000justunder2000arebeingexploitedandabusedbytheiremployers.
(3)Thesadconditionofwomenworkingasdomesticsaroundtheworldreceivedmuchmediaattentionearlierthisyearinseveralhighlypublicizedcases.
(4)AFilipinomaidwasexecutedinSingaporeafterbeingconvictedofmurderdespiteprotestsformvariousquartersthatherguilthadnotbeenadequatelyestablished.
(5)SheusedtoworkforaverylowwageatateafactoryinSriLanka.
(6)BecauseshefounditdifficulttofeedherfourchildrensheacceptedajobworkingasadomesticinLondon.
(7)Soiftheydocomplaintheyriskbeingdeported.
(8)Thisincludedincreasingtheminimumageofemployeesto18gettingemployeestoreadandunderstandanadviceleafletgettingemployerstoagreetoprovideadequatemaintenanceand conditionsandtoputinwritingthemaintermsandconditionsofthejobofwhichtheemployeesshouldseeacopy.
(9)Forthemainproblemfacingoverseasmaidsanddomesticswhotrytocomplainabout cruellivingandworkingconditionsisthattheydonothaveindependentimmigrantstatusandso cannotchangeemployer.UNIT4-3
(10)Itistheysaytherighttochangeemployerswhichdistinguishesemploymentfromslavery.
3.句子汉译英
(1)处理有关事务的政府部门没有做统计 Thegovernmentdepartmentthatdealswithrelevantaffairsdoesnotkeepstatistics.
(2)正因为她无法养家才同意做家仆 Itwasbecauseshefounditdifficulttofeedherfamilythatsheacceptedajobworkingasadomestic.
(3)她是一名沙特外交官直接从菲律宾雇到伦敦来工作的 ShewashiredbyaSaudidiplomatdirectlyfromthePhilippinestoworkinLondon.
(4)家仆的工作状况得到了新闻媒介的关注 Theconditionsofworkingasdomesticshavereceivedmediaattention.
(5)雇主们总是威胁要把我们遣送回国 Theemployersalwaysthreatenedtosendusbacktoourcountries.
四、历年试题
1.Whentheygetoutofprisonthey__increasetheleveloftheircriminalbehavior. 答案willincrease.考点时间状语从句中主句用将来时,从句用一般现在时表示将来从句谓语动词是get一般现在时,所以从句用willincrease
2.Attheendof1994theBritishGovernmentintroducednewmeasuretohelp__domesticworkersfromabusebytheiremployers. A.protectB.suspectC.expectD.inspect 答案是A.考点是protect…from保护…免受…
3.____theirdifferencestheyfellpassionatelyinlovewitheachother.A.AsforB.OwingtoC.DespiteD.Through 答案C.考点despite表示让步的关系本句的意思是尽管他们之间有分歧,但他们彼此深爱对方 Translation
1.许多家庭佣人受到雇主的剥削和虐待 答Manydomesticservantsareexploitedandabusedbytheiremployers.
2.自去年以来,女佣们的悲惨境况已受到媒体密切关注 答Thebadconditionofthewomanservantshasreceivedmuchmediaattentionsincelastyear.
3.他经常威胁我,说要将我遣送回国 答Healwaysthreatenedthathewouldsendmebacktomycountry.
4.她曾在一家茶叶厂工作,工资很低 答Sheusedtoworkforaverylowwageatateafactory.
5.据估计有两万多名外国家佣在英国工作 答Itisestimatedthattherearemorethan20000overseasdomesticservantsworkinginBritain.UNIT5-1
一、wordstudy transformationoriginatepenetratingtakeovertakeon
①transformationn.
1、变化,转化;
2、改造,改革 Hisbrainoperationcausedagreattransformationinhischaracter. 脑手术大大改变了他的性格 Thetransformationof abackwardcountry into an advancedcountry requires the painstakingeffortsofseveralgenerations. 将一个落后的国家改变为发达国家需要几代人的艰苦努力 Thesocialandpoliticaltransformationofacountryisessentialtothedevelopmentofthesociety. 一个国家的社会和政治改革对社会的发展非常重要
②originatevi./vt.发源;发生,发起 Alltheoriesoriginatefrompracticeandinturnservepractice. 所有的理论都来源于实践,并反过来为实践服务Theuseofsteamoriginatedmanyotherreforms.蒸汽的使用引起了许多其它的革新
③penetrating a.
1、穿透的,贯穿的;
2、深刻的,透彻的Theywalkedagainstthepenetratingwind.他们迎着刺骨的寒风行走 Herpenetratingvoicefrightenedthelittleboy. 她刺耳的嗓子把小男孩吓坏了 Swift’sworksweremostpenetratingandpowerful. 斯威夫特的作品极为深刻有力
④takeover
1、接管,接任;
2、把从一处运到另一处 Theyoungdoctorhastakenoverdutiesoftheold. 年轻医生已接替了老医生的工作 WhenMr.Greenretiredhissontookoverthebusinessfromhim. 格林先生退休后,由他儿子接管他的生意 Mr.Browntookmeovertotheislandinhissteamboat. 布朗先生用他的汽艇把我送到该岛
⑤takeon
1、具有,担任(工作等);
2、雇佣 Thediseasetookonsomespecialcharacteristics. 那种疾病具有一些特殊的特征 Hehastakenonanewjob. 他已承担了一项新工作 Theemployertakesontwentymoreworkers. 那位雇主又雇佣了20名工人
二、重点句型
1、新音乐是从已有的音乐中产生的P1 Thenewmusicwasbuiltoutofmaterialsalready inexistence.
2、民间音乐,既有古老又有现代的,在大学生中颇为流行P1 Folkmusicoldandmodernwaspopularamongcollegestudents.
3、他们自由地吸收爵士乐、美国乡村音乐的成分P2 Theyfreely tookoverelementsfromjazzfromAmericancountrymusic.UNIT5-
24、在家里欣赏唱片的时候,听众尽力模仿照明效果P4 Withrecordsathomelistenersimitatedtheselightingeffectsasbesttheycould.
三、习题
(一)单词、词组英译汉 musician rhythmic distinctconsciousness originate readily instrument electronic therebypassiveparticipant
1.Thenewmusicwasbuiltoutofmaterialsalreadyinexistence.
2.Folkmusicoldandmodernwaspopularamongcollegestudents.
3.TheyfreelytookoverelementsformjazzfromAmericancountrymusic.
4.Withrecordsathomelistenersimitatedtheselightingeffectsasbesttheycould.
5.Inasensemenofthiskindbeginnotsomuchwithamusicalthemeaswithacompletedcomposition.
6.MostcomposerssinceBeethovensdaybelongtothissecondtype.
7.MenlikePalestrinaandBachbelonginthiscategory.
(三)汉译英这一章是关于热能转化成动力的 Thechapterisaboutthetransformationofheatintopower. 一群人自发地聚集在事故现场 Agroupofpeoplegottogetherspontaneouslyatthesceneofthe accident. 这次争吵是由误会引起的 Thequarreloriginatedfromamisunderstanding. 1949年后,军队接管了这个城市 Thearmytookoverthiscityafter
1949. 为了你的健康,你不应该承担太繁重的工作 Foryourhealthyoushouldavoidtakingontoomuchwork.
四、历年试题
1.Intheprocessofcompositionitisn’teasytobeinspiredinaspontaneouswayforlongperiods__astretch.. A.atB.forC.overD.in 答案是a考点词组atastretch一口气,连续不断的
2.汉译英 新音乐是由业已存在的材料构建出来的 答案Thenewmusicwasbuiltoutofmaterialalreadyinexistence.
3.汉译英那时在大学生中流行的正是民间音乐 答案Itwasfolkmusicthatwaspopularamongcollegestudentsatthattime.
4.汉译英不用说我们现在已不是生活在传统社会 答案Itgoeswithoutsayingthatwearenotlivinginatraditionalsociety.
1.新音乐起源于布鲁斯、摇滚乐和民间音乐 答Thenewmusicoriginatedfrombluesrockandrollandfolkmusic.
2.民间音乐表现和平、友谊和希望 答Folkmusicexpressespeacefriendshipandhope.
3.他们已不再是被动的听众而是积极的参与者 答Insteadofpassiveaudiencetheyhavebecomeactiveparticipants.
4.他们自由地从不同的音乐来源中吸取元素 答Theyfreelytookoverelementsformdiversemusicsources.
5.新音乐采取多种形式,几乎具有无限的表现力 答Thenewmusicmaytakeonvariousformsandbecapableofexpressinganalmostlimitlessrange.UNIT6-1
一、wordstudy spraycastexposeswitchcritical
①sprayn.
1、水花,浪花;
2、喷雾,喷雾状物Thesprayofthewaterfallisverybeautiful.瀑布的水花飞溅,非常漂亮 Asprayofbulletshitthetreebehindwhichhewashiding.一阵喷射的子弹打中了他藏身其后的那棵树vt.喷,向喷射,喷涂 Fruittreesaresprayedregularly. 果树应定期喷上杀虫剂 Thestudentssprayedquestionsattheteacher. 学生们连珠炮似的向老师提出一个又一个问题
②castvt.
1、投,扔,抛,掷(at);
2、投射(光,影,视线等)(onat);
3、浇铸,铸造Theboycastastoneatthedog. 那个男孩向那条狗扔了块石头 Hiswordscastanewlightontheproblem. 他的话题使人们对这个问题有了新的认识Therobotcancaststeelafterbeingreprogrammed.在重新设定程序之后,机器人能浇铸钢材 n.
1、投,掷;
2、模具;
3、演员(阵容) TheBeijingTheatreof People’sArthasaverystrongcast. 北京人民艺术剧院有很强大的演员阵容
③exposevt.
1、使暴露,使面临;
2、揭露,揭发 Theworkswereexposedtoallkindsofweather. 工人们经受风吹雨打 WeshouldbeawareofthedangersofexposingchildrentoviolenceonTV. 我们应当意识到儿童接触有关暴力电视节目的危害 Hehasbeenwidelyexposedtothepubliconthetelevision. 他经常在电视上向公众露面 Themistakesofthepastmustbeexposedwithoutanyreserve. 对以前的错误一定要毫无保留地揭发
④switchn.
1、开关,转换器;
2、(思路、话题等的)转换 Itistwo-wayswitch. 这是个双向开关 Hehasmadeaswitchofsupportfromonepoliticalpartytoanother.他已从支持一个政党转而支持另一个政党vi.
1、转换,改变(思路、话题等);
2、接通电流(on),切断电流(off)Weswitchedthediscussiontoanothertopic. 我们换了一个讨论题目 Enteringtheroomheswitchedthelighton.一进房间,他就把灯打开了vt.转换,变换(switchoverto) Heswitchedovertomedicineandgraduatedin
1980. 他改学医科,于1980年毕业
⑤criticala.
1、批评(性)的,批评(性)的;
2、对表示谴责,对感到不满的(of);
3、紧要的,关键性的,危急的 Heisamanwithacriticaleye. 他是一个具有批判眼光的人 Ittakesyearstodevelopone’scriticalability. 培养评论能力要很长时间 Theoldmanwascriticaloftheboy’simpolitebehaviour. 那个老人不满意男孩的不礼貌行为 Thepatient’sconditioniscritical. 病人情况危急UNIT6-2
二、重点句型
1、目前多数机器人用于汽车工业,它们按编制的程序承担轿车和卡车车身的焊接和喷漆这一类的工作P2 Mostoftodaysrobotsareemployedintheautomotiveindustrywheretheyareprogrammedtotakeoversuchjobsasweldingandspraypaintingautomobileandtruckbodies.
2、机器人也开始在别的工业部门应用,虽然应用的程度低一些P3 Robotsalready takingoverhumantasksintheautomotivefield are beginning to be seenalthoughtoalesserdegreeinotherindustriesaswell. 现在分词短语作定语
3、在核电站使用的机器人处理放射性材料,避免人员接触放射性物质P3 Therobots usedin nuclearpowerplants handle the radioactive materials preventinghumanpersonnel frombeingexposedtoradiation.
4、机器人于自动化机器不同之处在于机器人完成某一特定任务后,可由计算机重新编制程 序去完成另一项任务P4 Robotsdifferfromautomaticmachines inthataftercompletionofonespecifictasktheycanbereprogrammedbyacomputertodoanotherone.
5、在微电子和计算机技术上有专长的工程人员正研制机器人的人工视觉P5 Engineersskilledinmicroelectronicsandcomputertechnologyaredevelopingartificialvisionforrobots.
6、机器人有了“看”的能力便能在一堆不同类物体中辨别和检查出某一特定类物体P5 Withtheabilitytoseerobotscanidentifyandinspectonespecificclassofobjectsoutofastackofdifferentkindsofmaterials.tosee不定式作后置定语
7、任何想要了解未来工业的人必须要了解机器人P7 Anyone wantingtounderstandtheindustryofthefuturewillhavetoknowaboutrobotics.
三、习题 一.单词、词组英译汉 efficiencyincreasinglyinstallpersonnelexposereductioncompletionspecificswitchcriticalintensityscaledefectiveinthatinquestionplentyof
三、汉译英
1.近几年,机器人的应用越来越广泛和深入 Inrecentyearstheuseofrobotsisbecomingincreasinglywideranddeeper.Robotsareusedmoreandmorewidelyanddeeplyinrecentyears. Robotshavebeenincreasinglyusedwideranddeeperinrecentyears.
2.新开发的机器人有触觉,可以看见物体,还能做决定 Thenewly-developed robotshaveasenseoftouchareabletoseeobjectsandcanmakedecisionaswell.
3.机器人在汽车行业应用广泛 Robotsareemployedwidelyintheautomotiveindustry.Theuseofrobotsintheautomotiveindustryisprevalent.
4.感光材料、数字照相机都是照相器材 Light–sensitivematerialsanddigitalcamerasareallphotographicequipment.
5.机器人与自动化机器有重大的区别 Thereisasignificantdifferencebetweenrobotsandautomaticmachines.Therearemajordifferencesbetweenrobotsandautomaticmachines.
四、历年试题
1.Mosttoday’srobotsareemployedintheautomotiveindustry___theyareprogrammedtotakeoversuchjobsasweldingandspraypainting.
99.4 A.asB.whichC.whenD.where 答案D.考点where引导的非限定定语从句,修饰automotiveindustry
2.Robotsdifferfromautomaticmachinesin_aftercompletionofonespecifictasktheycan bereprogrammedtobeanotherone.
00.4 A.whichB.thatC.howD.whether 答案B.考点inthat复合连词引导原因状语从句,表示“在于”UNIT6-
33.Robotsalreadytakingoverhumantasksintheautomotivefieldarebeginning___seeinother industriesaswell.
00.
401.10 答案tobeseen考点begintodosth.所以用动词不定式,而且用被动式
4.Anyone____wanttounderstandtheindustryofthefuturewillhavetoknowaboutrobotics.
00.10(
01.4) 答案wanting考点动词现在分词作定语修饰anyone
5.Thenationsthat__actively__involveinearthquakepredictionprogramsincludeJapanChinaRussiaandtheUnitedStates. 答案areinvolved考点词组beinvolvedinsth.
6.汉译英机器人将要在哪些领域替代人的工作呢?(
00.10)答案Inwhatfieldwillrobotstakeoverhumantasks
7.Itisnotyetknown_computerswillonedayhavevisionasgoodashumanvision. A.whetherB.ifC.thatD.how 答案A.考点whether引导的主语从句
8.Robots____becomeincreasinglyprevalentinfactoriesandindustrialplantsthroughoutthedeveloped worldareprogrammedandengineeredtoperformindustrialtaskswithouthumanintervention. 答案becoming考点现在分词作状语
9.Robotsbecoming___increaseprevalentinfactoriesareprogrammedandengineered 答案increasingly
10.汉译英今年来,计算机在各个领域的应用越来越广泛 答案Inrecentyearsthecomputerisfindingwiderandwiderapplicationinallfields.UNIT7-1
一、wordstudy attachunderlierelevantpositive
①attachvt.
1、固定住,系;
2、附加,隶属;
3、把(重点)放在;
4、使喜爱,使依恋Youhavetoattachalabeltoaboxwhilepostingit.邮寄箱子时需在箱子上贴上标签 Theyprovideaidwithnoconditionsattached. 他们提供无附加条件的援助 Weshouldattachprimaryimportancetoafirmandcorrectpoliticalorientation. 我们要把坚定正确的政治方向放在第一位 Hewasstronglyattachedtohishome. 他对他的家恋恋不舍
②underlievt.支撑;构成(理论,政策,行为等)的基础Carefulplanningunderliesallmydecisions.我的全部决定是以周密计划为根据的 Whatunderlieshislackofinterestinwork 什么造成了他对工作缺乏兴趣? Thereweredeepertensionsunderlyinglastweek’sstrike. 上星期的罢工背后潜伏着更为深刻的紧张局势
③relevanta.
1、贴切的,中肯的;
2、与有关的(to) Thisisarelevantquestion. 这是一个中肯的问题 Thispointisnotreallyrelevantandwehadbettermoveon. 这一点并没有什么关联,咱们还是接着谈别的吧 Weshouldmakeourlivesrelevanttotheneedsofthecountry. 我们应该使个人生活与国家的需要挂起钩来 Allevidencerelevanttothecaseshouldbegatheredandanalyzed. 所有与本案有关的证据均应搜集和分析
④positivea.
1、明确的,确实的;
2、积极的,肯定的;
3、正的,阳性的 Hegavepositiveinstructions. 他给了明确的指示 Iwonderifhecanprovidepositiveproof. 我不知道他是否能够提供有力的证据 Lightisapositivething;darknessisonlytheabsenceoflight. 光是确实存在的东西,而黑暗只是没有光Whocangiveapositiveanswer谁能给一个肯定的答复? Healwayshassomepositiveideasoncompanypolicy. 他对公司的政策总有一些建设性的意见 Thetestispositivewhichshowsaparticulardiseaseispresent. 化验的结果呈阳性,说明确实得了某种病
二、重点句型
1、生活在先进的工业化社会的人们越来越关心休闲的机会P1 Peopleinadvancedindustrialsocieties areincreasinglyconcernedwithopportunitiesforleisure.
2、人们赋予带薪休假的重要性和大众娱乐服务的快速发展是日益关注这一问题的标志P1 Theimportancepeople attachtopaidholidays andtherapid developmentofservicesformassentertainmentandrecreationaresignsofthisincreasingconcern.
3、对休闲的具体利用人与人不同P4 Thespecificuseofleisurevariesfromindividualtoindividual.UNIT7-
24、由于休闲基本上是自己决定的事,个人就可以培养自己的兴趣和爱好,并以能为自己带来享受和满足的方式参与某项活动P6 Sinceleisureisbasicallyself-determinedoneisabletotaketoone’sinterestsandpreferencesandgetinvolvedinanactivityinwaysthatwillbringenjoymentandsatisfaction.
5、基本上说,上述态度等同于一个认识休闲是生活的一个重要方面;等同于一个信念 休闲能够并且应该充分利用P7 Basicallysuchattitudesamounttoarecognitionthatleisureisanimportantareaoflifeandofabeliefthatleisurecanandshouldbeputtogooduse.
6、比如,学校鼓励参加游戏、运动和文化活动的程度和方式可能对形成学生的休闲态度起一定的作用P9 Forexample thedegreetowhichandthewaysin whichaschoolencouragesparticipation ingamessportsandculturalpursuitsarelikelytocontributetotheshapingofleisureattitudesonthepartofthestudents.
7、学校常常把达到个人均衡发展设定为它们的教育目的P10 Schoolsusuallysetastheireducationalobjectivetheattainmentofabalanceddevelopmentoftheperson.
8、对此追求得越认真,就越可能鼓励人们对待休闲和学术工作持积极态度P10 Themoreseriouslythisissought themorelikelypositiveattitudes towardsleisureaswellasacademicworkwillbeencouraged.
三、习题
(一)、英译汉重点单词词组
1.research
2.attach
3.underlie
4.relevant
5.positive
6.possession
7.desirable
8.relaxation
9.occupation
10.urban
11.acquire
12.participation beconcernedwith berelevantto toset…asobjective
(二)、英译汉重点句子 1~
8.与重点句型相同
(三)、汉译英
1.生活质量这一术语涉及很广泛 Thetermqualityoflifecoversaverywidescope.
2.在生活节奏快,工作压力大的社会中,放松一下有利于健康 Inafast-pacedstressfulsocietyitisgoodforhealthtosetasidesometimetorelaxoneself.Itsgoodforoneshealthtofindtimetorelaxinasocietyoffast-pacedandstressfulwork.
3.人们的兴趣和爱好与社会环境和个人学习经历有关 Peoplesinterestsandhobbiesarerelatedtosocialcontextsandtheirlearningexperiences.Peoplesinterestsandpreferencesareallrelatedtosocialcontextsandindividuallearning experiences.
4.积极的休闲态度是鼓励人们创造性地利用空闲时间的基础 Thepositiveattitudetowardsleisureisthefoundationtoencouragepeoplescreativeuseoftheirsparetime. Apositiveleisureattitudeisthefoundationformotivatingpeopletousetheirleisureinacreativeway.
5.研究与观察结果表明,人们越来越关心生活的质量 Thefindingsofresearchandobservationindicatethatpeoplearemoreandmoreconcernedwiththequalityoflife. Observationsandresearchesindicatethatpeopleareincreasinglyconcernedwiththequalityoflife.
四、历年试题
1.Agoodschedulemusthavealittlegivesothatspecialprojectscan___take careofproperly.
99.4 答案betaken考点情态动词的被动语态
2.Sinceleisureisbasicallyself-determinedoneshouldgetinvolved_anactivityinwaysthatwillbringenjoymentandsatisfaction.
99.4 A.inB.ofC.towardsD.with 答案A.考点词组get/beinvolvedin参与…;卷入…UNIT7-
33.Theimportanceofthese_varyaccordingtothenatureofone’sjobandone’slifestyle.
99.10 答案varies考点一般现在时单数第三人称形式
4.Thiswillnotonlykeepthestudyhabitalivebutalso___keepyouuptodateonyourclassassignmentsandprojects.答案 答案keep考点notonly与butalso后的词的形式应一致
5.Thespecificuseofleisure__fromindividualtoindividual.
00.4A.rangesB.distinguishesC.variesD.covers 答案C分析此题考查不及物动词vary的用法搭配为vary…from…to各不相同
6.Themoretimeyouwastethe__easyitistocontinuewastingtime.
00.4答案easier考点themore…themore句型,表示“越…越…”
7.Suchattitudesamounttoabelief__leisurecanandshouldbeputtogooduse.
01.4 A.whichB.ifC.whetherD.that 答案that考点that引导同位语从句修饰belief
8.Thiswillnotonlykeepthestudyhabitalivebutalsokeepyouupto__ onyourclassassignmentsandprojects.
01.4 A.dayB.dateC.numberD.time 答案B考点词组uptodate最新的,keepyouuptodate表示跟得上….
9.汉译英人们越来越关注休闲的机会
99.4 答案Peopleareincreasinglyconcernedwithopportunitiesforleisure.
10.汉译英众所周知,即使同样的休闲活动,不同的人使用的方式也不同
00.4 答案Itiswellknownthateventhesameleisureactivitymaybeuseddifferentbydifferentindividuals.
1.在工业化国家人们越来越关心休闲的机会 答Peopleintheindustrializedcountriesareincreasinglyconcernedwithopportunitiesforleisure.
2.为什么他们对带薪休假那么重视呢? 答Whydotheyattachsomuchimportancetopaidholidays
3.对休闲的具体利用是因人而异的 答Thespecificuseofleisurevariesfromindividualtoindividual.
4.我们所接触的人可能对我们休闲态度产生某种影响 答Thepeoplewithwhomwecomeintocontactmayexertsomeinfluenceonourattitudestowardleisure.
5.学校教育的目的之一是使学生得到均衡发展 答Oneoftheeducationalobjectivesofschoolistoattainabalanceddevelopmentofstudents.UNIT8-1
一、wordstudy proceedingalarmpromote
①proceedingn.
1、程序,进程;
2、【pl】项目,活动,会议文集 Thatisbynomeansthebestwayofproceeding. 那决不是最好的行动方式 Heopenedtoday’sproceedingsinseveralshortsentences. 他简短地说了几句就开始了今天的会议 Hebroughtdivorceproceedingsagainsthiswife. 他诉请与妻子离婚 Theproceedingswerepublished6monthsaftertheconference. 论文集已于会议结束后半年出版
②alarmn.
1、警报;
2、惊恐 Thealarmsystemwentwrongandcreatedafalsealarm. 报警系统失灵,引起一场虚惊Hedidn’ttakealarmatthenews.他听到消息后并不吃惊vt.
1、向报警,使警觉;
2、使惊恐,打扰 Iwasquitealarmedlastnightatthecryof“fire”. 昨晚有人大呼救火,使我大吃一惊Heavytrucksalarmedoneallnight.载重汽车声整夜使人不得安宁
③promotevt.
1、促进,发扬;
2、提升,升级;
3、发起,创办 Hewaspromotedtodirector. 他被提升为厂长 Itisbelievedthattakingawalkaftermealspromotedigestion. 人们认为饭后散步促进消化 Thesalesmanpromotesthesalesofremote-controlTVsetsandVCRs. 那个推销员推销遥控电视机和录像机Thepianistpromotedagrandbenefitconcert.那个钢琴家筹办了一次盛大的义演音乐会
二、常考句型
1、喷气飞行时差综合症是每个乘坐国际航班旅行的人在某个时候都会碰到的问题P1 TheproblemofJetLagis oneeveryinternationaltravelercomesacrossatsometime.
2、乘飞机旅行对身体的影响实际上远比我们意识到的更让人失调P2 Theeffectsofrapidtravelonthebodyareactually farmoredisturbingthanwerealize.
3、他后来把自己在谈判中的判断失误归咎于时差P3 Helater blamedhispoorjudgment onJetLag.
4、既然我们懂得了喷气飞机时差综合症是怎么回事,我们就能够在解决它方面有所作为P5 NowthatweunderstandwhatJetLagiswecangosomewaytoovercomingit.
5、另一个定时系统在我们的体内时钟内,这些体内时钟在不受干扰时,会使人体有一个25 小时,是的,25小时---的生理节奏P6 Theotherbelongsinourinternalclockswhichleftalonewouldtiethebodytoa25hour–yes25–rhythm.
6、经过一段时间之后,生理系统将会重新自我调整过来,但这需要时间P8 Intimethephysiologicalsystemwillresetitselfbutitdoestaketime.
7、出现这种差异的一个原因是人体的不同活动受到不同因素的支配P9 Onereasonforthisdiscrepancyisthatdifferentbodilyeventsarecontrolledbydifferentfactors.
8、不可能等上4天直到身体习惯新的时区P10 Itisnotfeasibletowaitfourdaysuntilthebodyisusedtothenewtimezone.UNIT8-2
三、习题
(一)词汇英译汉
1.flight
2.negotiation
3.transport
4.overcome
5.internal
6.external
7.rhythm
8.feasible
9.assumption
10.promote
1.effecton
2.toblame…on
3.toadvantage
4.nowthat
5.outofstep
6.toleave…alone
(二)句子英译汉
1.~
8.与重点句型相同
9.But the growth hormone is released during sleep whenever in the day that sleepoccurs.para.9
10.Proteininmealsstimulateswakefulnesswhilecarbohydratespromotesleep.para.13
(三)句子汉译英
1.不难理解高速旅行给身体带来的不适 Itisnotdifficulttounderstandthedisturbingeffectsofrapidtravelonthebody. Itisnotdifficulttorealizethatthedisturbingeffectsonthebodyarecausedbyrapidtravel.
2.引起这一不同的原因之一是不同的人体活动由不同的因素控制 Onereasonforthisdiscrepancyisthatdifferentbodilyeventsarecontrolledbydifferentfactors.
3.食物中的蛋白质使人兴奋,而食物中的碳水化合物使人易于入睡 Proteininfoodstimulateswakefulnesswhilecarbohydratespromotesleep.
4.时差反应是每一个国际旅行者可能遇到的问题 TheproblemofJetLagisoneeveryinternationaltravelercomesacross.
5.等待几天直到身体的调节机制自然适应新时区,这并不可行 Itisnotfeasibletowaitafewdaysuntilthebodysregulatorymechanismsareusedtothenewtimezone.
四、历年试题
1.Inpracticalapplicationconcentrationisnot___thedefinitionmayimply.
99.4 A.assimpletodealsuccessfullywithas B.sosimpletodealsuccessfullywiththat C.simplertodealsuccessfullywithasthat D.assamesimpletodealsuccessfullywithas 答案A考点本题主要考查as…as搭配表示“和….一样”而选项D中as的后面还有一个词same因为same表示的意思也是同样,与…同样的意思与as…as意义重复,因此不选D
2.UnderstandwhatJetLagisandhowacarefuldietcanminimizeitsworsteffects__.(
99.10) A.yourflightwillbelessstressful B.andyourflightswillbelessstressful C.oryourflightswillbelessstressful D.inorderthatyourflightswillbelessstressful 答案B分析本句是一个and连接的并列句因此只有B符合题意
3.Coffeedelaysthebodyclockinthemorningandadvances__atnight.
00.4A.itB.themC.thecoffeeD.thebody 答案A分析本句是个并列句,and连接的两个句子结构应一致因此,advances后面的宾语应是thebody,而为了避免重复,因此用代词it代替
4.汉译英快速旅行对人体的影响比我们意识到的要大得多
00.10 答案Theeffectsofrapidtravelonthehumanbodyaremuchgreaterthanwerealize.
5.Theothertimingsystembelongsinourinternalclockswhichleft_wouldtiethebodytoa25-hourrhythm.
03.4 A.behindB.aloneC.outD.aside 答案B.考点本题主要考查词组leavealone不管,不理,把…放在一边
1.快速旅行对人体的影响比我们意识到的要大得多 答Theeffectsofrapidtravelonthebodyaremuchgreaterthanwerealize
2.他后来把自己的错误判断归咎于时差反应 答HelaterblamedhispoorjudgementonJetLag.
3.食物中的蛋白质使人兴奋,而碳水化合物使人易于入睡 答Proteininmealsstimulateswakefulnesswhilecarbohydratespromotesleep.
4.在外语学习中没有捷径可走 答Thereisnoshortcutinthestudyofaforeignlanguage.
5.为了克服时差反应我们能做些什么呢? 答WhatcanwedoinordertoovercomeJetLagUNIT9-1
一、wordstudy approximateproportionappreciationacknowledgeneglect
①approximatea.近似的,大约的 Theapproximatenumberofimmigrantsistwomillion. 移民数目大约为两百万 Theapproximatelengthofameteris40inches. 一米大约为40英寸 vt.
1、近似,接近;
2、使接近(在直接宾语后用介词to) Youraccountofwhathappenedapproximatestherealfactsbuttherearesomesmallinaccuracies. 你对发生的情况的描述接近实际情况,但有些小的出入 Wetrytoapproximatetheoperatingtemperaturetotheoptimalvalue.我们努力使工作温度接近最佳值vi.接近(其词义与及物动词相同,只是后面接介词to) Youraccountofwhathappenedapproximatestotherealfacts. 你对发生的情况的描述接近实际情况
②proportionn.比率,比例 inproportionto 表示“与成比例”;outofproportion 表示“与不成比例” Theproportionofbirthstothepopulationisincreasing. 人口出生率在上升 Alargeproportionoftheearthsurfaceisocean. 地球表面的大部分是海洋 Thecamelpossessesstrengthinproportiontoitssize. 骆驼的力气与它的身体大小成比例 Hisearningsareoutofallproportiontohisskillandability.他的收入与他的技术及能力很不相称vt.使成比例;使相称 Thesoldierproportionedhispacetothemarch. 战士调制步子以便与行军的步伐一致
③appreciationn.
1、欣赏,鉴赏;
2、正确评价;
3、感激,感谢 Apersonwithanappreciationofartandliteratureisqualifiedforthejob. 一个具有文学艺术欣赏力的人能胜任这项工作Rabbitshaveawell-knownappreciationforfamilylife.众所周知,兔子有重视家庭生活的习性 Wetakethisopportunityofexpressingoursincereappreciationofyourhelp. 对你们的帮助,我们趁这个机会向你们表示衷心的感谢 Theyaremistakenintheirappreciationofthecountry’seconomicconditions. 他们对国家经济形势的判断是错误的
④acknowledgevt.
1、承认;
2、表示谢意 Heacknowledgedhisownfaults. 他承认了自己的过失 Thesalesdepartmentacknowledgedmyorderform. 销售部表示收到了我的订货单 Theministeracknowledgedhisadviser’sservicestothecity. 部长就他的顾问对城市的贡献表示感谢
⑤neglectvt./n.忽视,忽略;疏忽Theyneglectedhiswarning. 他们对他的警告置之不理 Thesecretarywasfiredforneglectingherduty.UNIT9-2那个秘书因疏于职守而被解雇 Agricultureissomewhatneglectedinthatdistrict. 农业在那个地区有些不受重视 Theoldmanlivesaloneinneglect. 这个老人孑然一身无人照管
二、常考句型
1、如果一个国家人口中7%或以上的人满65岁或超过65岁,就被列为“老龄国”P1 Nationclassifiedasagedwhentheyhave7percentofmoreoftheirpeopleaged65orabove.
2、一个社会的人口增长率越接近零,它的人口就可能越老龄---至少对任何能关系到我们现在的未来是这样的P1 Thenearerasocietyapproximatestozeropopulationgrowth theolderitspopulationislikelytobe—atleastforanyfuturethatconcernsusnow.
3、当然你现在年龄越大,这种比例就越高,如果你是女人,这比例还应该更高P5 Theolderyouarenowofcoursethegreaterthisproportionwillbeandgreaterstillifyouareawoman.
4、如果你现在30多岁,你应当知道你可以指望活到60岁后再活上剩余生命的三分之一P5 Ifyouarenowinyourthirtiesyououghttobeawarethatyoucanexpecttolivenearlyonethirdoftherestofyourlifeaftertheageof
60.
三、习题 一)、词汇英译汉
1.classify
2.approximate
3.proportion
4.appreciation
5.acknowledge
6.alter
7.lengthen
8.wealthy
9.neglect
10.expectation
1.toapproximateto
2.resistanceto
3.tocopewith
4.attribute…to
(二)、句子英译汉
1.~
4.与常考句型相同
5.Ifhoweverchildrengrowupwithoutloveandwithoutfeelingsofself-worththeyfeelunlovableandworthlessandexpecttobecheatedtakenadvantageofandlookeddownuponbyothers. lookdownupon:看不起…;轻视…;
6.withoutahealthyself-esteemtheymaycopebyactingoutproblemsratherthantalkingthemoutorbywithdrawingandremainingindifferenttowardthemselvesandothers.
7.Itisnotuntilenergiesarebacktonormalthattherealproblemisrecognized.
8.itisnotuntilaboutthetimethechildentersschoolthatoutsideforcescontributetofeelingsabouttheself.
(三)、句子汉译英
1.老龄化已成为一个社会问题 Aginghasbecomeasocialproblem.
2.人们反对这一看法来自于出生率的下降 Theresistancetotheideaiscausedbythefallingofbirthrates.Thefallofbirthrateresultedinpeoplesobjectiontotheidea.
3.人们寿命的长短取决于种种因素 Thelengthoflifedependsonvariousfactors.Expectationoflifeisduetovariousfactors.
4.估计寿命是预计一个人能活得平均年数 Expectationoflifeistheaveragenumbersofyearsthatapersonisexpectedtolive. Theexpectancyoflifeisthepredictionofaverageyearsapersoncanlive.
5.长寿在改变我们的生活,改变我们的社会 Longlifeisalteringourlifeaswellasoursociety.Longlifeischangingourliveschangingoursociety.UNIT9-3
四、历年试题
1.Youraccountofwhathappenedyesterdayapproximates therealfacts.(
99.10) A.near B.of C.to D.upon 答案C考点此题考查词组approximateto表示“与…接近”
2.汉译英正是由于出生率下降了,我们的社会才变得如此老龄
99.10 Itisbecausethebirthratefellthatoursocietyhadgrownsoold.
3.Nationsare asagedwhentheyhave7percentormoreoftheirpeopleaged65orabove. A.limited B.classified C.originatedD.processed
00.4 答案B本题考查词组classifyas表示把…列为
4.汉译英一个社会的人口增长率越接近零,其人口便越老龄化
00.10 Thenearerasocietyapproximatestozeropopulationgrowththeolderitspopulationis.
5.Ifyouarenow yououghttopaymoreattentiontoyourhealth.
01.4 A.inthefiftiesB.inyourfiftiesC.infifties D.inyourfifty 答案B.本题主要考查词组inyourfifties表示在你50岁时
6.Weknowthatwearegettingevenolderandthatthenearerasocietyapproximatestozeropopulation Growththe olditspopulationislikelytobe.
01.10答案older本题主要考查“the+形容词比较级….the+形容词比较级”的用法
7.Inhiscompositiontherewerenoothererrors afewmisspelledwords.
02.4 A.beside B.except C.then D.than 答案D本题主要考查词组noother…than的用法,表示“除了…外,没有…”
8.We would like to take this opportunity to express our sincere appreciateofyourhelp.
02.4 答案appreciation本题中sincere是形容词,因此后面接名词Appreciate是动词,其名词形式是appreciation.UNIT10-1
一、wordstudy declineimpactstirprovision
①declinevi.
1、下倾,下降;
2、衰退,衰弱;
3、谢绝,拒绝 Theproductionofnaturalgasdeclinedslightly. 天然气的生产略有下降Hisstrengthslowlydeclined.他的体力慢慢地衰弱了 Ablindmansmilinglydeclinedtobehelpedacrossthestreet. 盲人微笑着谢绝别人帮他过马路 vt.谢绝,拒绝 Herespectfullydeclinetheinvitation.他有礼貌地谢绝了邀请n.
1、下倾,下降;
2、衰退,衰弱 ThecustomsfiguresshowasteadydeclineinBritishtrade. 关税数字表明英国的贸易在持续下降 WearestudyingthedeclineandfallofancientRome. 我们正在研究古罗马的衰亡
②impactn.
1、冲击,碰撞;
2、效果,影响 Thestormoftheworldrevolutionhaspowerfulimpactonimperialism. 世界革命风暴对帝国主义有强大的冲击力 ThebookTenThatShooktheWorld madeagreatimpactonitsreaders. 《震撼世界的十天》这本书对读者产生了很大的影响 vt.装紧,压紧 Thegroundhadbeenimpactedbymanypeoplewalkingacrossit. 因为走的人多,地面被踏得坚实了
③stirvt.
1、搅拌,搅动;
2、激起,打动 Youshouldstirthesugarinyourcoffeewithaspoon. 你应该用汤匙搅动咖啡里的糖 Wealldeeplystirredbythebeautiesofnature.我们都被大自然的美深深地打动了vi.微动,活动 IreadHemingway’sTheSunAlsoRises throughtotheendwithoutstirringfromthetable. 我一步不移地坐在桌前把海明威的《太阳照样升起》读完 n.惊动,轰动 Theinventionisgoingtocauseabigstirintheworld. 这项发明将在全世界引起轰动
④provision n.
1、供应,供应品;
2、条款,规定;
3、【常pl】给养,口粮 ProvisionofshelterwastheRedCross’smainconcernforthedisastervictims. 为灾民提供避难处是红十字会的主要工作Necessaryprovisionhasbeenmadeagainstflood.已为防洪做了必要准备 Youshouldsaveupmoneytomakeprovisionforthefuture. 你们应该存些钱,为将来做些准备 Youcandosoundertheprovisionsofanewforeignaidbill. 根据新的援外法案的条文,你可以这样做Provisionsarekeptinthestorehouse.储备的口粮存放在仓库里UNIT10-2
二、重点句型
1、候选人都想尽力突出表现一种强有力的领导者的形象P4 Candidatestrytoprojectastrongleadershipimage.
2、选民们是否接受这一形象则更取决于外在因素而不是候选人的个人特征P4 Whether voters accept this image however depends more on external factors than on acandidate’spersonalcharacteristics. 此句注意主语从句作主语
3、一年以后,随着国家经济陷入困境,布什的支持率则下降到40%以下P4 Ayearlaterwiththe nation’seconomyin trouble Bush’sapproval rating droppedbelow 40percent.
4、候选人特别关注人口最多的几个州的州选举中获胜P6 Candidatesareparticularlyconcernedwithwinningthestateswhichhavethelargestpopulation.
5、在1992年,,克林顿仅获得民众选票的43%,相比之下,布什是38%,佩罗是19%P6 Clintonreceivedonly43percentofthepopularvotein1992comparedwithBushs 38percentandPerots19percent.
三、习题 (
一、词汇英译汉
1.election
2.vote
3.certainty
4.loyalty
5.decline
6.democrat
7.strategy
8.pursue
9.impact
10.headquarters
11.economy
12.stir
13.congress
14.representativetoidentify…asimpacton
二、句子英译汉
1.~
5.与重点句型相同
6.Indecidingwhethertopursueacourseofactiontheytrytoestimateitslikelyimpactonthevoters.
7.WarrenG.Hardingacceptedthe1920RepublicannominationathisOhiohomestayedtherethroughoutmostofthecampaignandwonafullvictorysimplybecausemostofthevotersofhistimewereRepublicans.
8.“TheEconomyStupid.”ThesloganwastheideaofJamesCarvilleClintonschiefstrategistandwasmeantasaremindertothecandidateandthestafftokeepthecampaignfocusedonthenationsslow-movingeconomywhichultimatelywastheissuethatdefeatedBush.
三、句子汉译英
1.在美国每四年举行一次总统大选 ThepresidentialelectiontakesplaceeveryfouryearsintheUnitedStates.
2.多数党被提名者得到的支持率往往高出少数党候选人 Amajoritypartynomineeusuallyhastheadvantageofsupportoveraminoritypartyone. Amajor-partynomineealwaysgetshigherapprovalratingthanaminor-partynominee.
3.策略在总统竞选中起关键性的作用 Strategiesplayacriticalroleintheelection.Strategyiscriticalinthepresidentialelection.
4.为了争取选票,总统候选人特别关注那些重要的州 Towinthepresidencyacandidateisparticularlyconcernedwithwinningthestateswhichareimportant. Inordertogetthevotespresidentialcandidatesareconcernedwiththoseimportantstates.
5.美国有十几个政党,其中只有两个党是主要党 ThereareaboutadozenpoliticalpartiesinAmericaonlytwoofwhicharemajorparties.UNIT10-
31.Victoryintheeleven (large)statesalonewouldprovideanelectoralmajority.(
99.10) 答案largest此题主要考查large的最高级
2.EvenDemocratGeorgeMcGovern hadthelowestlevelofpartysupportamongrecent Nomineeswasbackedin1972bynearly60percentofhispartysvoters.(
99.10) A.whoB.whoseC.that D.which 答案A.who引导的非限定性定语从句
3.汉译英这与其说取决于候选人的个人特点不如说取决于外部因素(
00.4)答案Thisdependsonexternalfactorsratherthanonacandidatespersonal characteristics.
4.In1991aftertheGulfWarBushsapprovalratingreached91percentthehighestlevelrecordedsincepolling (begin)inthe1930s.(
00.10) 答案began此题考查过去时,因为有一个明显的过去时间状语“inthe1930s”
5.Americanshavelearnedmuchaboutthewayinwhichthesystemcanbemanagedsoasto thepeacefultransferofpowerfromonepartytotheother.(
01.4) A.makeitpossibleB.makepossibleC.makepossiblyD.makeitpossibly 答案B.本题中make的宾语太长,所以放到了宾补possible的后面“make…possible”表示“使…成为可能”
6.Indeciding acourseofactionthecandidatetriedtoestimateits likelyimpactonthevoters.(
02.4)A.whattopursue B.whichtopursue C.whethertopursue D.iftopursue 答案C.分析所要填的空是deciding的宾语而pursue后面的宾语是acourseofaction选项A“whattopursue”what是宾语选项B中,which也是作主语或宾语选项D.语法结构不对,因此选C.
7.Amajor-partynomineehasthecriticaladvantageinthecampaignforthepresidentialelection hehasthesupportfromthepartyfaithful.(03, 10) A.inthatB.inwhichC.forwhichD.forthat 答案A“在于”(复合连词表示原因) Translation
1. 众所周知,美国总统选举每四年一次 答It is well known thatpresidential electionsoccurin theUnitedStates every4years.
2. 克林顿那时始终把竞选的注意力集中在国家缓慢发展的经济上 答Atthattime Clintonalways kept thecampaignfocusedonthenation’sslow-developingeconomy.
3. 候选人都想尽力表现出一种强有力的领袖形象 答Candidate try toprojecta strongleadershipimage.
4. 选民们是否接受这一形象更取决于外在因素答案 答Whethervoters acceptthis image dependsmore onexternalfactors.
5. 候选人特别关注如何在人口最多那些州获胜 答Candidatesareparticularlyconcernedwithhowtowinthestateswhichhavethelargestpopulation.UNIT11-1
一、wordstudy replacelitterrefinereproduce
①replacevt.
1、把放回(原处),使恢复(原职);
2、更换,以替代TheairlineiscurrentlyreplacingitsDC10swithDCSuper80s. 这家航空公司正在用DC超80飞机取代DC10飞机 Pleasereplacethenewspaperafterreading. 报纸阅后请放回原处
②littern.
1、(供动物睡眠或植物防冻的)干草;
2、杂乱无章;
3、(猫狗等)一窝(仔畜);
4、【总称】乱丢的东西(尤指废纸等杂物)vt.
1、为(动物)铺草;
2、(多产动物)产(仔);
3、乱丢 Theboxesarefilledwithlitterforthesmallanimalstolivein. 箱子里铺满干草以便小动物能够在里边住 Thechildrenpickedupallthelitterontheplayground. 孩子们把乱扔在操场上的废纸等杂物都拾了起来Iwassurprisedtoseehisroominsuchalitter.我看到他的房间如此乱七八糟感到惊讶 Pleasedon’tlitter. 请不要乱丢东西 Pleasedon’tlittertheroom. 请不要在屋里乱扔东西 Pleasedon’tlitterwastepapersroundtheroom.. 请不要在屋里乱扔废纸
③refinevt.
1、提纯,精制;
2、使精美,使完善 Theyhavebuiltafactorytorefinecanesugar. 他们建了一个提炼蔗糖的工厂Hehasrefinedhismanners.他已使自己的举止仪态变得高雅完美 Reporterstriedtorefinetheirquestionstodrawtheirexpectedresponse. 记者们力图把问题提得巧妙,以便引起他们所期望的答复
④reproducevt.
1、繁殖;
2、再生产,再生长(器官);
3、复制;
4、再现,重现Thereareanimalswhichcanreproducealostpartoftheirbodies.有些动物能使身体上失去的某部分再生 Frogsreproducethemselvesbylayingeggs. 青蛙通过产卵繁殖 Atape-recorderwillreproduceyourlecture. 录音机将放出你的讲课录音 Hereproducedthepaintingbyphotography. 他通过照相复制了那副油画 Theconditionsthatexistedtenyearsagoarereproducedtoday. 十年前的情形今天又重现了
二、常考句型
1、使用动物对于发展麻醉学具有至关重要的作用P2 Theuseofanimalshasbeencentraltothedevelopmentofanaesthetics.
2、用动物进行研究与我们的健康无关,它产生的后果常常起误导作用P4 Animalresearch isirrelevanttoourhealthanditcanoftenproducemisleadingresults.
3、人和动物对药物的反应不同,身体作用的方式也不同P4 Peopleandanimalsaredifferentintheirreactionstodrugsandinthewaytheirbodieswork.
4、如果把还没有在动物身上彻底实验过的药物用在人身上,那是完全不负责任和不道德的P5 It wouldbecompletely irresponsible andunethicaltousedrugsonpeoplethat hadnotbeen thoroughlytestedonanimals.UNIT11-
25、计算机模型的最终目的是减少用作实验对象的动物数量P6 Theeventualaimofcomputermodelingistoreducethenumberofanimalsusedinexperiments.
6、现在已有很多别的新技术,使更多的研究能在试管里进行,以便发现化学药品是否产生有害的生物效果P7 Manyothernewtechniquesarenowavailablethatenablemoreresearchtobedoneinthetesttubetoseeifchemicalsproduceharmfulbiologicaleffects.
7、用于实验室实验的动物数量在过去20年中已经减少P8 Thenumberofanimalsusedinlaboratorytestshasdeclinedoverthelast20years.
8、这部分地是由于采用替代的方法,部分地是由于实验比以前设计的更好,所以需要的动物就少了P8 Thisispartlyduetoalternatives andpartly tothefactthatexperiments arebetterdesignedsofewerneedtobeused.
9、该系的大卫莫顿教授正在进行动物研究,他热心于尽可能地减少动物的痛苦P9 ProfessorDavidMortonofthedepartmentisinvolvedinanimalresearchandisconcernedwithreducinganimalsufferingasmuchaspossible.
10、这包括把它们豢养在更符合要求的笼子里P9 Thisincludeskeepingtheminmoresuitablecages.include 后面接动名词作宾语
11、在美国,进行一次神经再生实验要在老鼠腿上切掉一大段神经P10 IntheUSoneexperimentinnerveregenerationinvolves cuttingabignerveinarat’sleg.
12、例如当研究心脏病和它对身体的影响时,或者当研究大脑疾病时,我们没有充分的代用品来代替动物P12 Whenitcomestoresearchintoheartdiseaseanditseffectsonthebodywedonothaveadequatesubstitutesfortheuseofanimals.Whenitcomesto 当提到…的时候
三、习题
1.动物研究对人类医学的发展做出了重大的贡献 Animalresearchhasmadegreatcontributionstohumanmedicaldevelopment.Animalresearchhascontributedagreatdealtothedevelopmentofhumanmedicine.
2.动物研究是否与人体健康有关,人们持不同态度 Peoplehavedifferentideasaboutwhetheranimalresearchisrelevanttohumanhealth. 3用于实验的动物数量在过去二十年中已大大减少了 Thenumberofanimalsusedinexperimentshasdeclinedgreatlyoverthepast20years. 研究的新成果表明,少数实验可以放弃使用动物
4.Thenewresearchfindingsshowthatafewexperimentscanbedonewithoutusinganimals.Thenewdevelopmentinresearchhasshownthatasmallproportionoftestscanbedonewithoutusinganimals.
5.尽管医学技术越来越先进,但完全停止使用动物做实验仍然很远 Although medical techniques arebecoming moreadvanced stoppingtesting on animalsaltogetherisalongwayaway. Althoughmedicaltechniquebecomesmoreandmoreadvancedstoppingtestingonanimalsaltogetherisalongwayaway.
四、历年试题
1.Thenumberofanimalsusedinlaboratorytests__declineoverthelast20years.
99.10 答案hasdeclined考点本句中overthelast20years是明显的表示现在完成时的时间状语因此本句用现在完成时
2.Toassumethecareforthepetscanhelpbring the__humanityinourchildrenandeveninusadults.
99.10 A.aboutB.inC.outD.up答案 答案C考点本题主要考查词组bringout表示“使显示,显现;生产,使产生”UNIT11-
33.Itistouchingtoseehowacatordog–especiallyadog–itselftofamilyandwantstoshareinallitsgoingsandcomings.
00.4 A.attributesB.appliesC.assignedD.attaches 答案D考点本题主要考查词组attach…to表示“把…附加到,使…与…相关”
4.Asresearchtechniquesbecomemoreadvancedthenumberofanimals__useinexperimentsmanydecrease.
00.10 答案used考点本题主要考查used过去分词做定语修饰animals
5.Somepeoplethinkthatanimalresearchisirrelevant__ourhealthandthatitcanoftenproducemisleadingresults.
01.4 A.withB.atC.onD.to 答案D本题主要考查词组beirrelevantto表示“与…不相关”
6.汉译英他的肤色与他是否是个好教授没有关系 答案Thecolorofhisskinisirrelevanttowhetherheisagoodprofessorornot
7.Asresearchtechniquesbecomemoreadvancedthenumberofanimalsusedinexperimentsmaydecreasebutstopping___testonanimalsaltogetherisalongwayaway. 答案testing本题主要考查词组stopdoingsth.停止做某事Translation
1.有人认为用动物进行实验根本没有必要 答Therearethosewhothinkthetestonanimalsaresimplyunnecessary.
2.人和动物对药物的反应并不相同 答Peopleandanimalsaredifferentintheirreactionstodrugs.
3.新技术使我们容易找到代替动物实验的方法 答Newtechnologymakesiteasyforustofindalternativemethodsoftestingonanimals.
4.正是狗教会我们忠诚和奉献,而猫却对此一无所知 答Itisthedogwhocanteachuslessonsofloyaltyanddevotionthatnocateverknows.
5.照料小猫们有助于培养孩子的人情味 答Caringforcatscanhelpbringoutthehumanityinchildren.UNIT12-1
一、wordstudy spurconfrontreflectiondrift
①spurn.
1、踢马刺;
2、刺激(物),鼓励;鼓舞 Thisbookisaspurtothechild’sintellectandimagination.这本书激发了那个孩子的智力和想象力vt.
1、用踢马刺催促(马);
2、激励,鞭策 Hespurredhishorseandranaway. 他用踢马刺策马,跑开了 Thethoughtoftheprizespurredmeon. 要夺奖的思想激励着我前进
②confrontvt.
1、面对,遭遇;
2、正视;对抗 Escapebeingimpossibletherabbitturnedtoconfrontthedog. 逃跑是不可能的,兔子就转过头来和狗对抗Thediseaseconfrontedhimwithdeath.疾病使他面临死亡 Thedifficultiesthatconfrontuscannotbeovercome.我们所面临的困难无法克服如果用被动时态,则confronted后用with或by Weareconfrontedbymanydifficulties. 我们面临许多困难 Theexplorerswereconfrontedwithmanychallenges. 探险者遇到了许多挑战
③reflectionn.
1、反射,反映,映像;
2、沉思,考虑Thereflectionoflightconfusedus.反光使我们头晕眼花 Thereflectionofthesunwasblinding. 反射的太阳光令人目眩 ThispoemisareflectionofmymoodatthetimeIwroteit. 这首诗反映了我执笔时的心情 Hewaslookingathisreflectioninthemirror. 他看着自己在镜中的映像 Aftersomereflectionthemanagergrantedtherequest. 经理稍一思索,便允许了请求
④driftn.
1、漂流;
2、倾向,趋势 Theweatherforecastreportedaneasterlydriftofwind. 天气预报报告风向偏东 Thegeneraldriftofaffairswastowardswar. 总的势态是趋向战争 vi.漂流;漂泊 Wewatchedtheleavesdriftdownthestream. 我们看着树叶沿小河漂去 Ourconversationdriftedfromonetopictoanother. 我们的话题换了又换 InordertofindajobhedriftfromCaliforniatoToronto.为找到一份工作,他从加利福尼亚漂泊到多伦多vt.使漂流 Thesnowwasdriftedingreatpilesagainstthehouse. 雪被风吹到房子旁边,积成一堆一堆的UNIT12-2
二、常考句型
1、梦幻最好也不过被认为是对生活中的实际事物的一种补偿性的替代P1 Atitsbestdaydreamingwasconsideredacompensatorysubstitutefortherealthingsinlife.
2、总有那么一些人,他们用想入非非的生活来代替从实际活动中得到的好处P2 Therearealwaysthosewhowouldsubstitutefantasylivesfortherewardsofrealactivity.
3、大部分人受梦幻过少而不是过多之苦P2 Mostpeoplesufferfromalackofdaydreamingratherthananexcessofit.
4、不仅他们应付每日生活的压力的能力变差,他们的自我控制和自我导向能力也会受到损害P2 Not only are they lessable todeal with the pressureof day-to-day existence but also theirself–controlandself-directionbecomeendangered.
5、但它的好处不只这些P3 Butitsbeneficialeffectsgobeyondthis. Gobeyond 表示超越…,不仅仅是…
6、在历史上,科学家和发明家是似乎能充分利用松弛时刻的一类人P7 Historicallyscientistsandinventorsareonegroupthatseemstotakefulladvantageofrelaxedmoments. Takeadvantageof利用
7、无论何时他遇到好像一个解决不了的问题时,他会躺在实验室沙发上,四肢舒展,让各种幻觉涌满他的脑海P7 Whenever confrontedwithataskwhichseemed toohard tobedealtwithhewouldstretchoutonhislaboratorysofaandletfantasiesfloodhismind.
8、你要把自己幻想成一个胜利者,这将有助于你取得成就P10 Pictureyourselfaswinningandthatwillcontributeremarkablytosuccess.
9、重要的是要记住,你幻想这些期望的目标时就好像你已经实现了它们那样P11 Theimportantthing torememberis topicturethesedesiredobjectives asifyou hadalreadyattainedthem.
三、习题
(一)、词汇英译汉
1.symptom
2.intellectual
3.detail
4.initial
5.inventor
6.confront
7.sensitivity
8.reflection
9.creativity
10.character
11.trace
12.modest 词组
13.investment
14.tosubstitute…for
15.becontraryto
16.toputoff
17.beconfrontedwith
18.togazeat
19.beunawareof
20.toimpress…on
21.befreefrom
22.bebeneficialto
(二)、句子英译汉
1.~
9. 与常考句型相同
三、汉译英
1.最近的研究成果表明,白日做梦是日常生活的一部分 Recentresearchshows/indicatesthatdaydreamingispartofdailylife.
2.白日做梦不仅有利于心态平衡,而且能提高人们的自控力 Daydreamingisnotonlybeneficialtothementalbalancebutalsotoenhanceonesabilityofself-control. Daydreaming can not only help maintain emotional balance but also improve onesself-control.
3.历史上许多科学家与发明家曾充分利用白日梦 Historicallymanyscientistsandinventorshavetakenfulladvantageofdaydreaming.Manyscientistsandinventorsinhistorytookfulluseofdaydreaming.
4.有的作曲家在作曲时几乎像进入了很深的白日梦状态 Whilecomposingsomecomposersseemtoapproachastateofdeepdaydreaming. Some composers seemed to approach a state of deep daydreaming while they werecomposing.
5.在梦境中不要将自己描绘成失败者而应该是成功者 Pictureyourselfasawinnerratherthanloserinyourdaydream.Pictureyourselfinyourdaydreamaswinningratherthandefeated.UNIT12-3
四、历年试题
1.AccordingtoDr.Kramer___peoplewhoappearinyourdreams_youareonawakening.(
99.10) A asmany…ashappyB themore…themorehappyC themore…thehappierD themost…thehappiest 答案C考点本题主要考查the+比较级,the+比较级,结构是“越…越…”
2.Holdapictureofyourselflongandsteadilyenough__yourmindseyeandyouwillbedrawntowardit.
99.10 A.atB.inC.beforeD.infrontof 答案B考点本题主要考查词组inonesmindseye意思是“在脑海中”
3.Inthepasttwodecadesresearch___expandourknowledgeaboutsleepanddreams.
00.4 答案expanded本题主要考查现在完成时“inthepasttwodecades”经常是表示现在完成时的时间状语
4.Ithasbeenprovedthattheirbestideasseem__occurwhentheywererelaxing.
01.4 答案tohaveoccurred考点本题主要考查seem后面要加动词不定式完成式作宾语
5.汉译英科学家正在研究为什么白日梦会有益于人们的健康
01.4 答案Scientistsarestudyingwhydaydreamingisbeneficialtopeopleshealth.
6.Alife__livewithoutfantasyanddaydreamingisareallypoorlifeindeed.(
02.4) 答案lived考点lived是过去分词作定语修饰life词组“livea…life”表示过着…样的生活 词汇精讲 daydreamvi./n.白日做梦 symptomn.症状,征兆 Mostinfectionsare contagiousbeforeanysymptoms are noticed. 大多数传染病在症状被发现之前已具有传染性 He recognizes thesymptoms butrefuses toadmit thathe hasmarital problems. 他承认这些征兆,但不愿承认自己的婚姻发生了问题UNIT13-1
一、wordstudy compelundertakecoincidegamblegoinfor
①compel vt.强迫(compel…to或compel…tosth) Theywereoftencompelledtoworktwelveorfourteenhoursaday. 他们常常不得不每天工作12或14小时 Healwaystriedtocompelmetohiswill. 他总是想逼我服从他的意愿 Theperformancecompelledtearsfromtheaudience.=…compeltheaudiencetoshedtears 表演使观众感动得落泪
②undertakevt.
1、着手做,进行;
2、承担,从事,进行;
3、承担,答应(to) Thepoliceundertookdetailedandcomprehensiveinvestigationsintothecase. 警察对这个案件着手进行了细致和全面的调查Weundertooktoreachhomebeforedark.我们争取天黑以前到家 Doyouknowthelawyerwhoundertookthecase 你认识负责处理此案的律师吗?Reluctantlyheundertookthetask.他勉勉强强地接受了这一使命 Heundertooktopreserveastrictlyneutralposition. 他承诺严守中立
③coincidevi.一致,相符(with) Thecentresofthetwocirclescoincide. 这两个圆的圆点重合 Theycannotgotothetheatretogetherbecausehisfreetimenevercoincidewithhers. 他们不能一起去看戏,因为他和她从来都不是同时有空 Thejudgesdidn’tcoincideinopinion. 法官们意见不一
④gamblevi./vt.
1、赌博,打赌(on);
2、投机,冒险 Theygambledontheresultofacompetition. 他们对竞赛的结果打赌 Theyoungmanhasgambledeverythingaway. 那个年轻人把什么都输掉了 Iwouldn’tgambleonJim‘spayingthebillifIwereyou. 假如我是你,我不会期望杰姆付账的 Hegambledhissavingstostartasmallshop.他孤注一掷用自己的积蓄开了一家小商店n.
1、赌博;
2、投机,冒险 Theoperationmaynotsucceed;it’sagamblewhetherthepatientlivesordies. 手术可能不成功,病人的生死是一次冒险
⑤goinfor
1、参加,从事;
2、以为兴趣,爱好 I’mgoingtogoinforthefinalexaminationnextweek. 下星期我将参加期末考试 AsmyintellectisnotadaptedforscienceImustgoinforart. 我的头脑不适应科学,我应该学艺术Whatsportsdoyougoinfor你喜欢哪些体育项目? Inourdepartmenteverystudentgoesinforafter-schoolactivities. 我们系的每个学生都喜欢课外活动UNIT13-3
四、历年试题
1.Theimportantofthese_varyaccordingtothenatureofoneslife-style.
99.10 答案varies
2.汉译英他被迫接受了一份他自己毫无兴趣的工作答案Heiscompelledtotakeajob.
3.Amancannotbereallyhappyifwhatheenjoys__doisignoredbysocietyasofnovalueorimportance.(
00.10) 答案doing考点enjoy后跟名词或动名词作宾语Translation
1.一个人如果被社会强迫去做他不乐意的事情,他就不可能真正快乐 答Amancannotbereallyhappyifheiscompelledbysocietytodowhathedoesnotenjoydoing.
2.工作与劳动的区别不在于脑力劳动与体力劳动的区别 答Thedifferencebetweenworkandlabordoesnotlieinthedifferencebetweenmentalandmanualjobs.
3.他说老板给他的工作他毫无兴趣 答Hesaysthejobhisboosoffershimisofnointeresttohim.
4.一个人是工作者还是劳动者可以从他对休闲的态度上看出来答案 答Whetheroneisaworkerorlaborercanbeseenformhisattitudetowardleisure.
5.对他来说,休闲意味着没有强制 答Tohimleisuremeansfreedomfromcompulsion.。