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新课标高三英语备考精选复习资料 精品说明请根据本学科组的教学计划,可选择使用,不得用于其他第一部分词汇专题冀教版教材需增强词汇
1.abolish.vt废除,废止习俗、制度eg:Shouldweabolishthedeathpenalty我们应该废除死刑吗?
2.abortion.n.
①[u]人工流产,打胎
②[c]人工流产手术
③[c]完全失败的计划或行动
3.absurd.adj
①unreasonable;notsensible.不合理的;荒唐的;谎谬的eg:Whatanabsurdsuggestion!多么荒唐的建议
②foolishinafunnyway.愚蠢的;怪诞不经的eg:Thatuniformmakesthemlookabsurd.他们穿着那种制服看起来怪模怪样的
4.abundant.adj
①morethanenough;plentiful.丰富的,充裕的Wehaveabundantproofofhisguilt
②作表语,富有某事物~insth:havingplentyofsth;richinsth
5.adolescentadj青春期的;青春期特有的adolescence.n.
6.advocate.v.speakpubliclyinfavorofsth;recommend;support.拥护;提倡;主张eg:Doyouadvocatebanningcarsinthecitycenters你支持禁止汽车在市中心通行这一主张吗?advocacy.n.
7.alcoholicadj
①酒精的;含酒精的;
②由喝酒引起的
8.algerbra.n.[u].代数学,代数
9.alternative.adj作定语可用以代替其他事物的;另一可选用的;其他的Haveyougotanalternativesuggestion你有没有其他的建议?
10.altitude.n.
①heightabovesea-level海拔,高度.eg:Whatisthealtitudeofthevillage
②常作复数,海拔甚高的地方eg:Itisdifficulttobreatheatthesealtitude.在这些高的地方很难呼吸
11.aluminium:chemicalelement;alightsilverymetal.铝
12.ambiguous:adj.
①havingmorethanonepossiblemeaning有不止一种意思的;有歧义
②uncertaininmeaningorintention.意向不明的;暧昧的ambiguouslyadv.ambiguousnessn.
13.anchor:n.
①锚;
②可以依靠的人或物;靠山;
③atanchor;bringaship/cometoanchor停航抛锚
14.anecdoten:shortinterestingoramusingstoryaboutarealpersonorevent轶事,逸闻关于真人真实的短小有趣的事.anecdotal.Adj
15.appetite.n.
①[u]physicaldesireespforfoodorpleasure食欲,胃口;WhenIwasillIcompletelylostmyappetite我生病时完全没有胃口;
②[c]anaturaldesireforsth.Thelongwalkhasgivenmeagoodappetite.走了长路使我食欲大振
16.assess.v.
①decideorfixtheamountofsth.确定,评定数额assesssthatsth.assessthedamageat1000dollars.评定损害赔偿金一千元
②decideorfixthevalueofsth;evaluate确定,评定某事物的价值,估价;
③assesssthassth.评定某事物的质量I’dassessyourchancesasextremelylow.assessment.[u]确定,评定;[c]评价,看法;[c]核定的付款额
17.authentic.adj
①knowntobetrueorgenuine真实的,真正的anauthenticdocumentsignaturepainting.正式文件,亲笔签名,原作绘画.
②reliable可信的,可靠的
18.automatic.adj.
①指机器自动的;
②指动作未加思索而作出,无意识的;
③必然随之而来的
19.autonomyn.self-governing;independence.自治,自主,独立autonomous.adj自治的,自主的,独立的
20.bacteria.细菌
21.biochemistry.生物化学
22.biscuit.
①[u]饼干
②淡褐色
③takethebiscuit/cake.极其可笑,讨厌,惊奇等
23.bishhop.n.
①主教;
②国际象棋中的象.
24.blackmail.n.[u].勒索,敲诈;用威胁来左右某人v.blackmailsbintodoingsth要挟某人作某事eg:Thestrikersrefusedtobeblackmailedintoreturningtowork.罢工者拒绝了要挟复工的条件
25.bounce.v.
①弹回Theballbouncedoverthewall.
②活跃的上下跳动moveupanddowninalivelymanner.Theboybouncedonthebed.
③遭银行退票Ihopethechequedoesn’tbounce.
26.bowling.n.
①地滚球戏;
②滚木球游戏;
③朝击球员方向投球agoodpieceofbowling投一个好球
27.boycott.n.抵制place/putsthunderaboycott.对谋事物实行抵制;v.拒绝处理或购买货物,拒绝参加如会议,抵制AthletesfromseveralcountriesboycottedtheOlympicGames.有好几国家的运动员拒绝参加奥林匹克运动会
28.brewery.n.啤酒厂
29.brochure.n.小册子atravelbrochure旅游指南
30.bureaucratic.adj.官僚制度的,官僚的
31.capsule.n.荚;胶囊;航天舱,太空舱
32.caption.n.杂志等文章中的标题,题目;附于插图或照片上的说明文字;电影或电视上的字幕
33.caravan.n.
①拖车
②供居住可用马拉的篷车;
③穿过沙漠地带的旅行队如商队
34.carbon.n.碳
35.casual.adj.
①happeningbychance.偶然的,碰巧的;
②不经意的,随便的,临时的;
③衣物便服的,不正式的eg:casualwear便装;
④非永久性的,acasuallabourer.临时工
36.centigrade.adj.摄氏温度计的acentigradethermometer摄氏温度计.
37.circuit.n.围绕一地方的线、路线、旅程,圈;电路;联赛
38.circulate.v.
①goroundcontinuously使某物循环;
②moveaboutfreely流通openawindowtoallowtheairtocirculate.
③spread流传,传播Thenewsofherdeathcirculatedquickly
39.circus.n.马戏团thecircus马戏表演;竞技场
40.clarify.v.
①causesthtobecomeclearoreasiertounderstand使谋事清楚易懂,澄清.IhopethatwhatIsaywillclarifythesituation.我希望我说的话能澄清这一情况;
②除去油脂中的杂质
41.coincidence.[c/u]巧合的事;[u],事情,口味、故事等相合,符合,一致
42.collision.[u/c]~withsb/sth;~betweenAandB
①物与物或人与人相撞、碰撞、撞坏Thetwoshipswerein/cameintocollision两艘轮船相撞;
②抵触,相反的目的、看法、意见等的冲突.Herpoliticalactivitiesbroughtherintocollisionwiththelaw.她的政治活动触犯了法律collisioncourse必然与某人某事物相冲突的进程或行动
43.compensatev.~sbforsth.补偿,赔偿;报偿;报酬Nothingcancompensateforthelossofone’shealth.失去的健康是无法补偿的
44.component.n.某事物的组成部分、成分、零部件adj.作定语,整体中的一部分、组成的
45.consensus.n.[c/u]~onsth/that…意见一致;共同看法eg:
①Thetwopartieshavereachedaconsensus.
②Thereisbroadconsensusinthecountryontheissue.
46.contemporary.adj.
①~withsb/sth属于该时代或该时期的;属于同一时代的;
②当代的,现代的
47.corrupt.v.makesb/sthcorrupt.使某人或物堕落,腐化败坏youngpeoplewhosemoralshavebeencorrupted道德败坏的年轻人
48.crayon.n.绘画用的铅笔,彩色粉笔,蜡笔
49.departuren.[c/u]离开,离去;背离,违反
50.dimensionn.1[c/u]measurementofanysortbreadth;length;thickness;heightetc空间的任何一种量度宽度长度厚度高度等eg.Whatarethe~softheroom这个房间的面积是多少2pl.sizeextent大小体积程度范围eg.acreatureofhuge~s形体庞大的动物Ididn’trealizedthe~softheproblem.fig我未曾意识到问题的严重程度.3aspect方面,侧面eg.Thereisa~totheproblemthatwehavenotdiscussed.这个问题还有一方面我们没有讨论过.
51.dioxiden.[U]二氧化物carbon~二氧化碳
52.diplomacyn[u]1外交,外交手段/腕,外交术eg.Internationalproblemsmustbesolvedby~notbywars.国际问题应通过外交手段来解决,不应诉诸战争2artoforskillsindealingwithpeople;tact处理人际关系的方法,技巧;交际手腕;处事之道
53.discriminationn.[u]1goodjudgmentandperception辨别力,识别力2歧视,偏袒某人/物eg.racial/sexual/religious/political~种族/性别/宗教/政治歧视Thisisaclearcaseof~againstforeignimports.这显然是对进口货物的排斥
54.disgustingadj.使人反感的,使人厌恶的,讨厌的
55.diverseadj.ofdifferentkindsvaried多种多样的,不同的eg.peoplefrom~culture不同文化背景的人Herinterestsarevery~.她的兴趣非常广泛
56.enterprisen.1[c]事业,计划尤指困难的或需要勇气的eg.Themusicfestivalisanewenterprisewhichwehopewillbecomeanannualevent.音乐会是一项新生事物,我们希望它能成为一年一度的盛会2[u]事业心,进取心,勇气,胆量eg.awomanofgreat~事业心极强的女子Hegotthejobbecauseheshowedthespiritof~.他因为表现进取精神所以得到这份工作.3[u]参与计划企业活动经营[c]businesscompanyorfirm事业单位企业单位公司商号商行
57.fantasticadj.1wildandstrange荒诞的奇异的2impossibletocarryoutnotpractical无法实现的不是实际的3口excellent了不起的极好的4口verylargeextraordinary巨大的异乎寻常的
58.ferryn.渡船渡口v.用船或飞机等运送人或货物通常指短程或定期的
59.formatn.1shapesizebindingetcofabook版式,开本,装订方法2总体安排,计划,设计等;3格式v.按一定的方式安排某事,计算机编排格式
60.frameworkn.框架;结构;社会的秩序或制度;原则,思想
61.frictionn.1[u]摩擦力2[u/c]矛盾,冲突
62.garmentn.1一件衣服;2figcovering覆盖eg.Inspringnaturewearsanew~.春天,大自然披了新装
63.grilln.烤架烤肉烤肉室v.烧烤食物等;盘问某人
64.herbn草本植物,药草,芳草
65.immigrationn.移民
66.institutionn.1[u]建立设立制定任命;2[c]慈善机关
67.insurancen.保险
68.irrigationn灌溉
69.laundryn.1[c]洗衣店2[u]洗熨好的或需洗熨的衣服
70.loungev.懒洋洋地坐或立尤指倚靠某物n.等候室,BrE起居室
71.marathonn.马拉松赛跑;拖时长久令人难以忍受的事
72.marblen.1大理石;玻璃/泥弹球2作定语fig大理石般的
73.mercyn.[u]仁慈,宽恕,宽恕[c]常用单数恩惠,幸运idmatthe~ofsb./sth.
74.mercifuladj.be∽to/towardssb.eg.Shewasmercifultotheprisoners.她对犯人很仁慈
75.minimum.n.pl.minimaleastorsmallestamountdegreeetc.possible最小值量,限度;adj.最小的,最少的
76.mosquiton.蚊子
77.obtainv.getsth.
78.outspokenadj.直言的,坦率的be~indoingsth.;be~inone’sremarks直言不讳
79.paralleladj.1平行的Theroadandtherailwayare~to/witheachother.2相对应的,相同的,类似的
80.patentadj.1obviousclearevident显著的,清楚的,明显2作定语有专利的;专利生产/经销的n.许可证,专利证;专利发明
81.pedestriann.行人adj.作定语1行人的2平淡的,沉闷的
82.prejudicen.[u/c]偏见,成见;v.使某人抱偏见,影响某人;削弱
83.pulsen.脉搏;音乐的节拍;脉动;脉冲波v.强烈而有规律的跳动;搏动;振动
84.punctualadj.按时的,准守时的
85.punctuationn.标点符号的使用法
86.radiumn.镭
87.razorn.,剃刀,刮脸刀
88.recommendv.1提到某物,推荐某人,赞许某人/物2建议,劝告3使某人/物显得可取~sb./sth.tosb.forsth./assth.eg.Shewasstronglyrecommendedforthepost.
89.relevantadj.有关的,切题的
90.resemblev.无被动语态,无进行时belikeorsimilarto与…相似eg.Sheresemblesherbrotherinlooks.
91.restrictionn.[u/c]限制,约束
92.roundaboutadj.常作定语绕道的,兜圈子的,拐弯抹角的n.旋转木马,环状交叉路
93.ripen/raipn/v.使某物成熟ripeningcorn即将成熟的谷物peachesripenedbythesun经日晒而成熟的桃
94.scaredadj.~ofsb/sth惊恐的恐惧的I’mscaredofghosts我害怕鬼
95.sausagen.[cu]香肠腊肠
96.scarn.1伤痕疤2精神上的创伤Heryearsinprisonleftascar.他在狱中的岁月留下了精神创伤.v.-rr-1给某人留下伤痕.2~over痊愈留下疤痕;结疤.Thewoundgraduallyscarredover.伤口逐渐痊愈结疤.
97.scarf.n.围巾;头巾;披肩
98.scratchv.1a.刮划抓物体表面或皮肤呈现伤或痕Thedogisscratchingatthedoor.狗正在抓门.b抓划或刮而成某状态scratchalineonasurface在物体表面上划出一条线.2挠或擦皮肤;尤指搔痒3~sb/sthonsth使自己或身体某部意外划伤.He’sscratchedhishandonanail.他的手让钉子刮破了.4发出刮或擦的声音.Mypenscratches.我的钢笔在写字时发出刮纸声.还可以作n.
99.semicircle.n.半圆形;半圆形的周长;半圆形的东西a~ofchairs排列成半圆形的椅子.
100.significance.n.[u]1意义;意思2重大意义;重要性
101.skateboard滑板长约50厘米的窄板装有滑轮可站在上面滑行.
102.sneeze.n.喷嚏v.打喷嚏
103.sniff.v.1鼻子吸气发出声音2~atsth呼吸时用鼻吸气;~sthup用鼻子吸入某物
104.softball垒球与棒球相似但球场较小球较大而弱$
105.software软件
106.souvenir.纪念品纪念物
107.spade.n.锹铲spades纸牌中的黑桃
108.stainlessadj.无污点的;无瑕疵的
109.starvation.n.挨饿;饿死
110.supreme.adj.1权力.级别或地位最高的;至高无上的2最重要的;最大的
111.surplus.n.1[cu]剩余额;过剩;盈余;顺差Wehaveatradesurplusof$400million.我们有4亿美元的贸易顺差.2习语insurplus有剩余;有盈余Ourtradeisinsurplus.3adj.~tosth剩余的过剩的surpluslabour剩余劳动力
112.suspension.n.1[u]悬挂悬浮暂停延缓停职thesuspensionofapupilfromschool对一名学生的停学处分2[u]车辆的悬挂装置如弹簧及减震器;3[cu]悬浮液4suspensionbridge悬索桥;吊桥
113.systematic.adj.1有系统的有计划的有条理的;He’sverysystematicinallhedoes.他做一切事情都很有条理.2有预谋的蓄意的asystematicattempttoruinsb’sreputation蓄谋破坏某人的名誉
114.tendency.n.1~to/towardssthtodosth人或物呈现的倾向趋势atendencytofact/towardsfatness/togetfat发胖的趋势2事物运动或变化的趋向倾向趋势Pricescontinuetoshowanupwardtendency.物价呈持续上升的趋势.
115.tentative.adj.试验性质的踌躇的试探性的不确定的非决定性的.reachatentativeconclusion得出暂时的结论
116.tissuen.1[uc]动植物的组织;2[c]用作手帕等的纸巾aboxoftissues一盒纸巾3[c]包装物品用的薄纸棉纸.;4[cu]任何种类的薄织物5[c]~ofsth相关的或交织的一套一系列Hisstoryisatissueoflies.他的话是一派谎言.
117.tournamentn.1联赛比赛竞赛锦标赛常为淘汰制;2旧时武士骑马比武用钝武器尤指长矛
118.tram有轨的电车
119.transparent.adj.1透明的aboxwithatransparentlid带有透明盖的盒子;2明显的无疑的无错误的a~lie易识破的谎言;3易懂的清楚的a~styleofwriting简明的文体
120.trolleybusn.无轨电车
121.typhoon台风
122.undertake.v.pt.undertookpp.undertaken1承担某事物;负起某事物的责任;2同意或答应做某事
123.undopt.undidpp.undone1解开松开结纽扣等;打开拆开包裹信封等2使某物无效;取消;废除.
124.vanilla.n.1[c]香子兰热带兰科植物花味香醇;2[u]香草醛自香子兰荚中提取或由人工合成的香精
125.violence.n.[u]1a.暴力行为尤指非法的;暴行b.狂热;激情;强烈的感情Weexpressedourviewswithsomeviolence.我们激动地亮明了观点.2激烈;猛烈;厉害;3doviolencetosth.违背或违反某事物
126.voluntary1adj.自愿的自动的主动的;志愿的无偿的义务的2n.教堂礼拜仪式或进行期间的乐器独奏
127.yawn.v.打哈欠;指大洞穴等张开裂开n.1哈欠;2乏味的或枯燥的事物Themeetingwasonebigyawnfromstarttofinish.那会议自始至终十分无聊.
128.zebra.n.斑马
129.zoom.v.1指飞行器汽车等急速移动尤指发出嗡嗡声或轰轰声2指价格费用等急升猛涨n.指飞行器或汽车等急速的移动急速移动时发出的声音.第二部分语法专题专题
1.定语从句
一、关系代词的用法
1.that既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物在从句中作主语或宾语,作主语时不可省略,作宾语可省略例如 ThecoatthatIputonthedeskisblue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的that作宾语
2.which用于指物,在句中作主语或宾语,作主语不可省略,作宾语可省略例如 Thebuildingwhichstandsnearthetrainstationisasupermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市作主语
3.who,whom用于指人,who用作主语,whom用作宾语在口语中,有时可用who代替whom,也可省略例如 ThegirlwhooftenhelpsmewithmyEnglishisfromEngland.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人作主语WhoistheteacherwhomLiMingistalkingto?正在与李明谈话的老师是谁?宾语 注意1当定语从句中含有介词,介词放在句末时,who,that,which可省略,但介词在关系代词前时,只能用“介词+which/whom”结构例如 Pleasetellmefromwhomyouborrowedthenovel.请告知你从谁那里借的这本小说2含有介词的固定动词词组中,介词不可前置,只能放在原来的位置上例如Thisisthepersonwhomyouarelookingfor.这就是你要找的那个人 3that作介词的宾语时,介词不能放它的前面,只能放在从句中动词的后面例如 Thecitythatshelivesinisveryfaraway.她居住的城市非常远 4关系词只能用that的情况 a.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时,只能用that,而不用which.例如Hewasthefirstpersonthatpassedtheexam. b.被修饰的先行词为all,any,much,many,everything,anything,none,theone等不定代词时,只能用that,而不用which.例如 Isthereanythingthatyouwanttobuyintheshop?你在商店里有什么东西要买吗? c.先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast,little,few等词修饰时,只能用that,不用which.例如ThisisthesamebikethatIlost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车 d.先行词里同时含有人或物时,只能用that,而不用which.例如 IcanrememberwellthepersonsandsomepicturesthatIsawintheroom.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片 e.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句,为避免重复,只能用that.例如 Whoisthegirlthatiscrying?正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁? f.主句是therebe结构,修饰主语的定语从句用that,而不用which.例如 ThereisabookonthedeskthatbelongstoTom.桌子上那本书是汤姆的 5关系词只能用which,而不用that的情况 a.先行词为that,those时,用which,而不用that.例如 What’sthatwhichisunderthedesk?在桌子底下的那些东西是什么? b.关系代词前有介词时,一般用which,而不用that.例如 Thisistheroominwhichhelives.这是他居住的房间 c.引导非限制性定语从句,用which,而不用that.例如 Tomcameback,whichmadeushappy.汤姆回来了,这使我们很高兴
二、关系副词的用法
1.when指时间,其先行词表示时间,在句中作时间状语例如 Thiswasthetimewhenhearrived.这是他到达的时间
2.where指地点,其先行词表示地点,在句中作地点状语例如 Thisistheplacewhereheworks.这是他工作的地点
3.why指原因,其先行词是原因,起原因状语作用例如Nobodyknowsthereasonwhyheisoftenlateforschool.没人知道他为什么上学总迟到
4.as引导的定语从句1as引导的定语从句可置于句首,而which不可Asweallknowheneversmokes.2as代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时,从句中的谓语必须是系动词;若为行为动词,则从句中的关系代词只能用which3非限定性定语从句中出现expectthinksuppose等表示猜测、想象、预料等时Shesucceededinherdoingtheresearchworkasweexpected.4thesame……as;such……as中的as是一种固定结构和……一样……Ishouldliketousethesametoolasisusedhere.Weshouldhavesuchadictionaryasheisusing.自我测试
1.Isthistheriver_____Icanswim? A.whichB.inwhichC.thatD.theone
2.Thisisthebesthotelinthecity_____Iknow. A.whereB.whichC.thatD.it
3.Canyoulendmethedictionary______theotherday? A.thatyouboughtB.youboughtit C.thatyouboughtitD.whichyouboughtit
4.Anyone______withwhatIsaidmayputupyouhands. A.whichagreesB.whoagree C.whoagreesD.whichagree
5.Mywatchisnottheonlything______ismissing. A.thatB.itC.whichwho
6.Theman______coatisblackiswaitingatthegate. A.who’sB.whoseC.thatD.ofwhich.
7.Iloveplaces______thepeoplearereallyfriendly. A.thatB.whichC.whereD.who
8.Theworld______ismadeupofmatter. A.inthatweliveB.onwhichwelive C.whereweliveinD.welivein参考答案1-5BCACA6-8BCD专题
2.插入语在英语学习中,插入语是一个比较重要的知识点由于插入语是一种独立成分,通常与句中其他成分没有语法上的关系,许多同学在学习过程中会有一定的困难其实,插入语大都是对一句话进行附加说明或解释,通常由一个词、一个短语或一个句子构成,常置于句首、句中或句末,一般用逗号或破折号与句子隔开下面举例归纳插入语的几种用法例
1._____themoreexpensivethecamera,thebetteritsquality. A.GeneralspeakingB.SpeakinggeneralC.GenerallyspeakingD.Speakinggenerally 解析本题答案为C.generallyspeaking为分词短语,意思是“一般来说”,在句中用作插入语 小结许多分词短语可以用作插入语,这样的分词短语有strictlyspeaking严格地说,generallyconsidering一般认为,judgingfrom……根据……判断等例
2.Twomiddle-agedpassengersfellintothesea.____,neitherofthemcouldswim. A.InfactB.LuckilyC.UnfortunatelyD.Naturally 解析本题答案为C.unfortunately为副词,意思是“令人遗憾地,不巧,可惜”,在句中用作插入语 小结常用作插入语的副词或副词短语有indeed的确,surely无疑,however然而,frankly坦率地说,obviously显然,naturally天然地,luckilyhappilyforsb.算某人幸运,fortunately幸好,strangely奇怪,briefly简单地说等例
3.Yourperformanceinthedrivingtestdidn’treachtherequiredstandard_____,youfailed. A.intheendB.afterallC.inotherwordsD.atthesametime 解析本题答案C.inotherwords为介词短语,意思是“换句话说”,作插入语 小结常用作插入语的介词短语有inconclusion总之,inaword简而言之,inshort简而言之,ingeneral一般说来,inasense在某种意义上,inmyview在我看来,inhisopinion按照他的看法,infact事实上,atfirst首先,inaddition此外,ofcourse当然,tomysurprise,toherregret使她遗憾的,forexample等例4Itissonicetohearfromher._____,welastmetmorethanthirtyyearsago. A.What‘smoreB.ThatistosayC.InotherwordsD.Believeitornot 解析答案D.believeitornot为一分句,意思是“信不信由你”,在句中作插入语 小结用简短的句子结构作插入语,它们常置于句中或句末这类简短的句子有Iamsure我可以肯定地说,Ibelieve我相信,doyouknow你知道吗,yousee你明白,I’mafraid恐怕,itissaid据说,Isuppose我想,what’smore而且,what’sworse更糟糕的是,thatis也就是说,what’simportant重要的是等例5_____withyou,Ihavenomoneytospare. A.TobefrankB.What’smoreC.InadditionD.However 解析答案为A.tobefrank为不定式短语,意思是“坦率地说”,在句中作插入语 小结常用作插入语的不定式短语有tobesure无疑地,tosumup概括地说,totellthetruth老实说等例6_____,heshouldhavedonesuchathing. A.SpeakinggeneralB.StrangetosayC.LuckilyD.Ofcourse 解析答案为B.strangetosay为形容词短语,意思是“说也奇怪”,在句中作插入语 小结常用作插入语的形容词或其短语有true真的,funny真可笑,needlesstosay不用说,mostimportantofall,worsestill更糟糕的,evenbetter更好等试题设计
1._____,heoftenforgottoturnoffthelights. A.EvenbetterB.StrangeC.HoweverD.Fortunately
2.Greenland,_____islandintheworld,coversovertwomillionsquarekilometers. A.itisthelargestB.thatisthelargestC.isthelargestD.thelargest
3.Anawfulaccident_____,however,occurtheotherday. A.doesB.didC.hastoD.hadto
4.YesterdayJanewalkedawayfromthediscussion.Otherwise,she______somethingshewouldregretlater. A.hadsaidB.saidC.mightsayD.mighthavesaid
5.Borishasbrains.Infact,Idoubtwhetheranyoneintheclasshas____IQ. A.ahighB.ahigherC.thehigherD.thehighest
6.Helenwasmuchkindertoheryoungestsonthantotheothers,_____,ofcourse,madetheothersenvyhim. A.whoB.thatC.whatD.which
7._____thegeneralstateofhishealth,itmaytakehimawhiletorecoverfromtheoperation. A.GivenB.TogiveC.GivingD.Havinggiven
8._____,successresultsfromhardwork. A.WorsestillB.SureenoughC.TosumupD.What’sworse
9.AsIknow,thereis_____carinthisneighborhood. A.nosuchB.noaC.notsuchD.nosucha
10.Hemadeanotherwonderfuldiscovery,_____ofgreatimportancetoscience. A.whichIthinkisB.whichIthinkitisC.whichIthinkitD.Ithinkwhichis 【参考答案】1~5BDBDB6~11DACAA专题
3.倒装
1.倒装的分类倒装分为完全倒装和部分倒装完全倒装指将句子的谓语动词全部提到主语之前构成的倒装不完全倒装指把谓语的一部分提到主语之前构成的倒装
2.完全倒装1表示地点`,趋向的副词如herethereupdownoffawayinout提到句首,句子的主语为名词时,句子要完全倒装Thencamethehourwehadbeenlookingforwardto.Thereflymanykindsofbirds.Outdashedthestudentsatthesound.Offrushedthewildanimals.Upwenttheprices.注意句子的主语为代词时,不能倒装如Hereitcomes.2表示地点、位置、处所的介词提到句首,句子的主语为名词时,要完全倒装Betweenthetwobuildingsisabeautifulgarden.Infrontoftheclassroomisaplayground.3表示方向的介词短语提到句首,句子的主语为名词时,要完全倒装EastofChinaisJapan.4therebe句型是一种完全倒装句Therestoodadogbeforehim.Therearemanypicturesonthewall.Thereexistdifferentopinionsonthisquestion.5分词代词+be+主语结构如:Walkingattheheadofthelinewasourteacher. Suchwasthestoryhetoldme.Gonearethedayswhenteacherswerelookeddownupon.
3.不完全倒装不完全倒装又叫部分倒装部分倒装与句子的主语是代词还是名词无关1表示否定意义或否定结构的词或短语提到句首,句子要用部分倒装1表示否定意义的词有hardlyscarcelyrarelyseldomneverlittlefew等2表示否定意义的短语有innoplace在任何地方都不atnotime在任何时候都不onnocondition在任何条件下都不innosituation在任何情况下都不bynomeansinnoway用任何方法都不notuntil直到……才hardly…when…刚一…就…nosooner…than…刚一…就…
①Hecanhardlysayawordatthesightoftheteacher.Hardlycanhesayawordatthesightoftheteacher.
②Heseldomstaysupatnight.Seldomdoeshestayupatnight.
③Weseetheanimalhereatnotime.Atnotimedoweseetheanimalhere.2notonly…butalso…neither…nor…连接主语时,不倒装,谓语与最近的主语一致;引导状语和从句时要部分倒装
①NotonlyhebutalsoIamintheclassroomnow.IsnotonlyhebutalsoIintheclassroomnow
②Notonlyintheclassroombutalsoathomedoeshereadthatbook.3merelyonlysimply引导的除主语以外的句子成分提前时,句子用部分倒装Onlyinthatwaycanyoufinishtheworkontime.Onlyhecandothework.4so表示“也”时,句子用部分倒装Theyhaveseenthatfilm.Sohavewe.so表示如此时,为代词,代替前面提过的事,不用倒装Heaskedmetostudyhardtopasstheexam.SoIdid./Ididso.so表示与其前者的情况相同时,不用倒装一般用句型Soitis/waswith…Heishard-working.Hestudiesveryhard.Heoftenhelpsothers.Hedoesn’tsmokeordrink.Soitiswithme./Itisthesamewithme.5在虚拟语气中,如if从句的谓语部分含有had、were、should时,可省略if,将条件句中的had、were、should提到主语前构成倒装Weresheintheclassroomwithusnowshewouldstopyou.Shouldshelosethematchtomorrowthesunwouldriseinthewest.6表示时间频度的词和短语提前,句子用部分倒装常见的有Neveralwaysoftenseldomusuallynowandthenonceinawhileeveryother+时间manyatime许多次,次数+a时间Twiceaweekwillshegototheclassnextyear.7such/so引导的成分提前时,句子用部分倒装,如such…thatso…thatsuch…asnottodoso…asnottodo等
①Suchagoodstudentishethathealwaysgetsgoodresults.→Heissuchagoodstudentthathealwaysgetsgoodresults.
②Suchabigmistakedidhemakeastofailtheexam.→Hemadesuchabigmistakeastofailtheexam.选择最佳答案
1.Ifyouwanttogothere____.A.IgoalsoB.soamIC.soIwillD.sowillI
2.Notonly____interestedinfootballbut____beginningtoshowaninterestinit.A.theteacherhimselfis;allthestudentsareB.theteacherhimselfis;areallthestudentsC.istheteacherhimself;areallthestudentsD.istheteacherhimself;allthestudentsare
3.____didthestudentsrealizetheyarewrong.A.ItwasuntilB.ItwasnotuntilthenC.NotuntilthenD.Notuntil
4.Sodifficult____ittoliveherethatIdecidedtoleavehere.A.IhavefeltB.haveIfeltC.IdidfeelD.didIfeel
5.Hardly____thestation____thebellrang.A.Ihadreached;whenB.hadIreached;thenC.didIreach;whenD.hadIreached;when
6.—Idon’tthinkIcanwalkon.—____.Let’shavearest.A.NeitheramIB.NeithercanIC.Idon’tthinksoD.Ithinkso
7.____thematchtomorrowthesunwouldriseinthewest.A.WillheloseB.IfhelostC.ShouldheloseD.Shallhelose
8.Onlywhenyouridentityhasbeenchecked____.A.youareallowedinB.youwillbeallowedinC.willyouallowinD.willyoubeallowedin
9.Ontopofthebooks____thephotoalbumyou’relookingfor.A.isB.areC.hasD.have
10.Solittle____witheachotherthattheneighboringcountriescouldnotsettletheirdifference.A.theyagreedB.agreedtheyC.didtheyagreeD.theydidagree参考答案1-5DDCDD6-10BCDAC专题
4.省略和替代省略和替代这两种语言现象一般出现在上下文相同的语境中,它们的共同目的都是让句子避免重复,言简意赅
一、省略一复合句的省略
1.状语从句由althoughasifuntilonceunlesswhenwhetherwherewhile等引导,且同时具备下列两个条件1主句和从句的主语一致,或从句主语为it;2从句中的主要动词是be的某种形式则从句中的主语和be动词常可省略例如Whenthemuseumiscompletedthemuseumwillbeopentothepublicnextyear.He’llgototheseasideforhisholidayifitispossible.
2.比较状语从句的省略例如I’mtallerthanheistall.Thehigherthetemperatureisthegreaterthepressureis.
3.某些虚拟语气的句子可以省略should虚拟条件句有时可以省略if,但从句要使用倒装结构例如WereIyou=IfIwereyouIwouldgowithher.IsuggestthatheshouldstudymoreEnglishbeforegoingabroad.
4.宾语从句中的连接词that,限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词常省略例如Sheisthewomanwho/whom/thatwearetalkingabout.二并列句的省略为使句子简洁,在无损句子完整的前提下常省略相同成分例如HeoftenregardsEnglishaseasyandheoftenregardsFrenchasdifficult.IcouldhavestayedhomebutIdidn’tstayhome.三简单句习惯省略
1.对话语境中前后省略例如—Howareyou—I’mFine.
2.介词infrom等在搭配中的省略例如Theyarebusyincleaningtheroom.HespendshiseveninginstudyingChinese.Wecouldstopthemfrommovingtheheavybox.这类词常为waste/succeed/difficulty/trouble/keep/prevent等
3.省略不定式符号to不定式作动词make/let以及感官动词的宾语补足语时要省略to,但变成被动语态时不能省略例如Thebossmadetheworkersworkalldayandallnight.Theworkersweremadetoworkalldayandallnight.在密切联系的语境中,为避免重复,作宾语或宾语补足语的不定式只保留to例如Don’ttouchanythingunlessyourteachertellsyouto.—Didyouinvitehimtothepartyyesterday—YesI’dtriedtobutherefusedto.单项选择题考查的主要是状语从句、不定式和问句的省略
二、替代替代有三种名词性替代、动词性替代和分句性替代一名词性替代常用oneitthatthosethesame和人称代词或物主代词例如
1.MrSmithgavethetextbookstoallthepupilsexcepttheoneswhohadalreadytakenthem.
2.Ihateitwhenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull.
3.—Hewasnearlydrownedonce.—Whenwasthat—Itwasin1998whenhewasinthemiddleschool
4.Thehousesofthericharelargerthanthoseofthepoor.
5.—CanIhaveacupofblackcoffeewithsugarplease—Givemethesameplease.二动词性替代常用dodoso/it/that等例如
1.—Itoldhimaboutit.—Ididtoo.
2.Hehadpromisedtopaybutfailedtodosoit/that.三分句式替代常用sonot例如
1.Hehopeshe’llwinandIhopesotoo.
2.—Willitraintoday—Ibelievenot.=Idon’tthinkso.so用于替代宾语从句的分句,表示说话者赞同前述事实,表示看法、意见等的动词有thinkbelieveexpectsupposeimagineguesssayhopefear等Thinksobelievesoexpectso等变为否定形式有两种途径1用动词的否定形式;2用not代替so但beafraidsofearsohopeso等变为否定形式只用第2种方法与so有关的两个句型
1.表示说话者赞同前述事实So+主语+连系动词助动词或情态动词例如—Itwascoldyesterday.—Soitwas.
2.表示前述情况也适用于另一主语的句型a通用句型Soitiswaswith+另一主语b只用于肯定情况的句型So+连系动词助动词或情态动词+另一主语;否定情况则使用NeitherNor+连系动词助动词或情态动词+另一主语例如Heisafarmer.Soitiswithhisbrother.=Soishisbrother.Ienjoyedthebookandsodidmywife.=Soitwaswithmywife.Shedidn’tcome.Neither/Nordidhersister.=Soitwaswithhersister.
三、省略和替代在高考命题中的应用一高考命题中两者考查以单项选择题的形式出现
1.Theresearchissodesignedthatonce____nothingcanbedonetochangeit.A.beginsB.havingbegunC.beginningD.begun
2.Theboywantedtoridehisbikeinthestreetbuthismothertoldhim_____.A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.don’t
3.—I’llbeawayonabusinesstrip.Wouldyoumindlookingaftermycat—Notatall______.A.I’venotimeB.I’drathernotC.I’dlikeitD.I’dbehappyto
4.Heisatleastastallashisbrotherifnot______.A.tallB.tallerC.sotallD.thetaller
5._____yourletterIwouldhavewrittenbacktwodaysago.A.IfIreceivedB.ShouldIreceiveC.HadIreceivedD.IfIcouldhavereceived
6.—Whydon’twetakealittlebreak—Didn’twejusthave_______.A.itB.thatC.oneD.this
7.TheParkersboughtanewhousebut_____willneedalotofworkbeforetheycanmovein.A.theyB.itC.oneD.which
8.Fewpleasurescanequal_____ofcooldrinkonahotday.A.someB.anyC.thatD.those
9.Ifyougotothecinematonight_____.A.IalsogoB.SodoIC.SowillID.SoIwill分析1—5DADBC,考查省略
1.考查状语从句的省略,关键词为once;
2、
3.动词不定式中心词省略,但须保留标志to,否定前加not;
4.从句还原为“ifheisnottallerthanhisbrother”,习惯上可省去括号中的部分;
5.虚拟条件句中省略if时,从句要倒装6—9CBCC,考查替代
6.one代替alittlebreak;
7.it代替上文anewhouse;
8.that代替thepleasure;
9.在if引导的真实条件状语从句中,主句使用将来时态,从句使用一般现在时态专题
5.强调句型
一、强调句型的基本结构强调句型的基本结构为“Itis/was+被强调部分+that/who+句子的其它部分”当被强调部分为sb.,且在句中作主语时,可用who,也可用that,其它情况一律用that强调主语时,that后的谓语动词必须与被强调的主语人称与数保持一致如ItisIwhoamtoblame.ItwasinGreecethatOlympiccompetitionsfirststarted.在强调句中,去掉Itis/was...that/who后,句子结构仍然完整正确,句意仍明确全面
二、强调成分
1、强调主语、宾语如:Itwasthetwogirlsthattheteacherpraisedyesterday.强调宾语Itwastheabilitytodothejob______mattersnotwhereyoucomefromorwhatyouare.NMET2000A.oneB.thatC.whatD.it强调主语theabilitytodothejob,故选B
2、强调状语如Itwaswithgreatjoythathereceivedthenewsthathislonglostsonwouldsoonreturnhome.强调程度状语ItwasthreeyearsagothatIcametothisschool.强调时间状语Itwasbecauseofbadweather_____thefootballmatchhadtobeputoff.03上海春A.soB.sothatC.whyD.that强调原因状语becauseofbadweather故选D★使用强调句型对状语进行强调时,有必要将其与下列句型区分开来我们来比较下面的句子1Itwasintheeveningthatthesoldiersarrivedatthesmallmountainvillage.强调句Itwaseveningwhenthesoldiersarrivedatthesmallmountainvillage.when引导时间状语从句,it表示时间2Itisforthreehoursthattheyhavebeenback.强调句型Itwasthreehoursbeforetheycameback.before引导时间状语从句,it表示时间Itisthreehourssincetheycameback.since引导时间状语从句,it表示时间
3、对“not...until...”结构的强调,要用“Itis/wasnotuntil...that...”这一固定句型由于否定已经前移,that后只能用肯定形式如Itwasnot_____shetookoffherdarkglasses_____Irealizedshewasafamousfilmstar.A.when;thatB.until;thatC.until;whenD.when;then答案B
4、强调含有定语从句的主、宾、状语时,要确定好强调标志“that”的位置如WasitattheschoolwhichwasnamedafteraherothathespenthischildhoodItwasintheshopwhichwasopenedlastmonththatheboughtthebook.Itwasthegirlwhosefatherworkedabroadthatlentmethebook.Wasitin1982whenyouwereincollegethatyougottoknowher
三、强调句型的疑问句型IsityouwhooftenhelptheoldwomanwithherhouseworkWasitinherfiftiesthatMarybegantolearnRussianWasitatatheatrethatAbrahamLincolnwasshot强调句的一般疑问句结构为Is/Wasit...that/who...Who_____helpedyouworkoutthemathsproblemA.washeB.itwaswhoC.wasitthatD.itwas答案为CHowwasitthattheymanagedtofinishtheworkinsuchashorttime强调句的特殊疑问句结构为疑问词+is/wasitthat...?注意在强调句的疑问句型中,强调标志that/who后只能使用陈述语序比较WhenwasitthattheSecondWorldWarbrokeout√WhenwasitthatdidtheSecondWorldWarbreakout×巩固练习
1.Itisthesepoisonousproducts_______cancausethesymptomsoftheflusuchasheadacheandachingmuscles.A.whoB.thatC.howD.what
2.Ifeelitisyourhusbandwho_______forthespoiledchild.A.istoblameB.isgoingtoblameC.istobeblamedD.shouldblame
3.Itwasforthisreason_______herunclemovedoutofNewYorkandsettleddowninasmallvillage.A.whichB.whyC.thatD.how
4.—Wherewasit_______theroadaccidenthappenedyesterday—Infrontofthemarket.A.whenB.thatC.whichD.how
5.Itwasnotuntilshehadarrivedhome_______herappointmentwiththedoctor.A.didsherememberB.thatsherememberC.whensherememberedD.hadsheremembered
6.Itwasnotuntil1956__________liberated.A.thatthetownwasB.didthetownC.wasthetownD.thatwasthetown参考答案1—6BACBBA专题
6.独立主格结构I.独立主格结构的基本概念 由一个名词或代词作为逻辑主语加上分词、形容词、副词、动词不定式或介词短语作为逻辑谓语构成这种结构在形式上与主句没有关系通常被称为独立主格结构II.独立主格结构的基本构成形式及功能 独立主格结构主要起状语作用相当于一个状语从句多用来表示行为、方式、伴随等情况有时也可用来表示时间、原因、条件等情况
1、名词或代词主格+分词
①Theexperimentdonethestudentswentontotakenotesintheexperimentreport.实验做完了同学们继续在实验报告上做记录
②Timepermittingwecanhaveawalkaroundtheplaygroundaftersupper.如果时间允许晚饭后我们可以到操场上散散步
2、名词或代词主格+形容词
①Computersverysmallwecanusethemwidely.电脑虽小我们却能广泛利用它们
②Theclothesverydirtyyoudbetterwashthemquickly.衣服很脏你快点儿洗洗吧!
3、名词或代词主格+不定式 Thelastguesttoarriveourpartywasstarted.最后一位客人到了晚会就开始了
4、名词或代词主格+介词短语
①OurEnglishteachercameintotheclassroompapersinhand.
②Thereisariverinthevalleyfreshflowersonthebanks.山谷中有一条河河两岸长满了鲜花
5、名词或代词主格+副词
①Themeetingoverourheadmastersoonleftthemeeting-room.
②Thelightsoffwecouldnotgoonwiththework.灯熄了我们不能继续工作了III.独立主格结构及分词短语作状语的异同
1、独立主格结构与分词短语都可以转换为状语从句但是独立主格结构转换为状语从句后它有自己的逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致例
①而分词短语转换为状语从句后从句的主语与主句的主语一致例
②①Iftimepermitswedbetterhaveaholidayatweekends.转换为:Timepermittingwedbetterhaveaholidayatweekends.
②Whenweseefromthehilltopwecanfindthecitymorebeautiful.转换为:Seeingfromthehilltopwecanfindthecitymorebeautiful.从山顶上看我们发现这个城市更美了
2、还必须注意分词结构的逻辑主语并不总是和主句的主语一致也可以是主句的其它成分语法上称作依着法则例
①而如果一个分词结构在句子中找不到它的逻辑主语语法上称作悬垂分词例
②①Searchingforthethiefinthecityithadtakenthepolicemenalongtime.在城市里搜查小偷花费了警察很长一段时间
②Whenplantingtheseflowerscaremustbetakennottodamagetheroots.人们种这些花时必须小心不要损坏了花根IV.独立主格结构与独立成分的异同
1、有些分词短语可以独立存在在句子中没有逻辑上的主语实际上已经变成了习惯用法这些短语有:Generallyspeaking总的说来Franklyspeaking坦率地说Judgingfrom从……判断Supposing假设等等
①Generallyspeakingtheruleisveryeasytounderstand.总的说来这规则很容易懂
②Judgingfromwhathesaidhemustbeanhonestman.由他所说的来判断他一定是一个诚实的人
2、有些固定短语是带to的不定式表明说话人的立场或态度在句中作独立成分这些短语有:tobehonest老实说tobesure确实totellyouthetruth说实话tocutalongstoryshort长话短说tobefrank坦率地说tomakematters/thingsworse更糟糕的是等等
①TotellyouthetruthImadeamistakeinthewordspelling.说实话我犯了个拼写错误
②Tomakethingsworsemanyofthemenhavegoneofftocitiesinsearchofhigherpayleavingwomenfromnearbyvillagestocarryonwiththework.情况更糟的是许多男人都去城市找工资较高的工作而留下附近村庄的妇女来继续承担修复工作专题
7.非谓语动词一.不定式一不定式的常考形式1一般形式Hedecidedtoworkharderinordertocatchupwiththeothers.被动形式:Hepreferredtobeassignedsomeheavierworktodo.语法功能表示与谓语动词同步发生2完成形式Hepretendednottohaveseenme.被动形式Thebookissaidtohavebeentranslatedintomanylanguages.语法功能表示发生在谓语动词之前二不定式常考的考点1不定式做定语——将要发生2不定式做状语——目的3不定式充当名词功能——Toseeistobelieve.三不定式的省略1感官动词seewatchobservenoticelookathearlistentosmelltastefeel+do表示动作的完整性,真实性;+doing表示动作的连续性,进行性 Isawhimworkinthegardenyesterday. 昨天我看见他在花园里干活了强调我看见了这个事实 Isawhimworkinginthegardenyesterday. 昨天我见他正在花园里干活强调我见他正干活这个动作感官动词后面接形容词而不是副词Thecaketastesgood.Itfeelscomfortable.2使役动词havebidmakelet等词后不定式要省略但同1一样被动以后要还原toI’dliketohaveJohndoit.Ihavemypackageweighed.Pauldoesn’thavetobemadetolearn.3helphelpsbdohelpsbtodohelpdohelptodo四有些动词后只跟不定式如want,wish,hope,manage,promise,refuse,pretend,plan,offer,decide,agree,expectallowsbtodocausesbtodopermitsbtodoenablesbtodoforcesbtodobemorelikelytodolovetodowarnsbtodobeabletodobeambitioustodobegintodostarttodo五有的时候to后面要接-ing形式如accustomoneselfto;beaccustomedto;faceupto;inadditionto;lookforwardto;objectto;bereducedto;resignoneselfto;beresignedto;resortto;sinkto;beusedto;bealternativeto;beclose/closenessto;bededication/dedicatedto;beopposition/opposedto;besimilarity/similarto.二.动名词具有动作性特征的名词1是名词Seeingisbelieving.2具有动词性特征可以带宾语Starvingtroopsisnecessary.一动名词的形式:一般形式Idontlikeyousmoking.完成形式Iregretnothavingtakenyouradvice.被动形式Thisquestionisfarfrombeingsettled.二动名词常考的点1动名词做主语谓语动词为单数2在动名词和不定式中作为介词的宾语是动名词3动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语.Iwouldappreciate______backthisafternoon.A.youtocallB.youcallC.youcallingD.yourecallingKey:C.yourcalling也对Iregretnothavingtakenyouradvice.4有些词后只能接动名词admit;appreciate;avoid;celebrate;consider;contemplate;defer;delay;deny;detest;discontinue;dislike;dispute;enjoy;itentails;escape;excuse;explain;fancy;feellike;finish;forgive;canthelp;hinder;imagine;itinvolves;keep;itmeans;mention;mind;miss;itnecessitates;pardon;postpone;practice;prevent;recall;report;resent;resist;risk;suggest;understand...另外还有一些接-ing形式的常用说法itsnogood;itsno/little/hardlyany/use;itsnot/hardly/scarcelyuse;itsworthwhile;spendmoney/time;theresno;theresnopointin;theresnothingworsethan;whatstheuse/point...5有些词后加不定式和动名词均可rememberforgettrystopgoonceasemean后面用不定式和-ing形式,意义截然不同Irememberedtoposttheletters.指未来/过去未来的动作Irememberedposting/havingpostingtheletters我记得这个动作Iregrettoinformyouthat…我很遗憾地通知你…Iregrettedhavingleftthefirmaftertwentyyears.为了二十年前的离开而遗憾tryto努力Youreallymusttrytoovercomeyourshyness.try–ing试验Trypracticingfivehoursaday.Imeantogobutmyfatherwouldnotallowmeto.[打算、想]我想去,但我父亲不让我去Toraisewagemeansincreasingpurchasingpower.[意味着]赠加工资意味着增加购买力
三、分词现在分词主动进行过去分词被动状态1一般式:Doyouseethemantalkingtothedean主任与谓语动词同步发生2完成形式Nothavingmadeadequatepreparationstheyfailed.发生谓语动词之前3完成被动形式Havingbeenadaptedthescriptseemsperfect.发生谓语动词之前且表被动4过去分词表示被动Fightnobattleunprepared.5过去分词的进行形式Youllfindthetopicbeingdiscussedeverywhere.强调正在被做这三种非谓语动词,都可以构成复合结构,非谓语动词所修饰的成分是这些非谓语动词的逻辑主语他们之间的一致关系——主动还是被动,往往就是考点独立主格结构中,要注意的是分词与他前面的逻辑主语之间的主动被动的关系专题
8.反意疑问句解答反意疑问句试题,关键在于读懂微型语境,读出暗含的信息再注意三点内容即“一点相反”,指“前肯后否”;“两个一致”指人称代词一致和前后部分时态一致“特殊化”指不遵循常规的特殊的反意疑问句形式因为并非所有的命题都遵循常规,考题的设计有很灵活,因此考生所犯的反意疑问句的错误主要是肯定与否定,人称代词的选用,动词的选用等方面的错误反意疑问句的一般应用规则是前面陈述部分如果用肯定形式,后面的附加疑问部分则用否定形式;前面陈述部分如果是否定形式,后面的附加疑问部分则用肯定形式但在交际运用中,只知道一般的应用规则还不足以解决所有的问题,以下几种特殊情况用特别注意
1.当陈述部分的主语是“Idon’tthinksupposebelieve+that从句”结构是,疑问部分的主语和谓语需和从句的主语和谓语在人称和数上一致,并且还要用肯定形式如Idon’tthinkhecanfinishtheworkcanhe但Youdon’tthinkhecanfinishtheworkdoyou
2.当陈述部分有情态动词must时,常用的有4种情况1must表示“必须”,“禁止”等时,疑问部分用mustmustn’t.Imustanswerthelettermustn’tI2must表示“有必要”时,疑问部分则用needn’t.Youmustgohomerightnowneedn’tyou3当must用来对现在的情况进行“推测”时,疑问部分要根据must之后的动词不定式采用相应的形式如Youmustbetiredaren’tyouHemustbestudyingintheclassroomisn’the4must可表示对过去的情况进行“推测”must+have+过去分词,若强调对过去情况的推测一般有过去时间状语,疑问部分的谓语动词用“过去式的助动词+主语”;若强调动作的完成一般没有过去时间状语,疑问部分的谓语动词用“haven’thasn’t+主语”如Hemusthavemetheryesterdaydidn’theYoumusthaveseenthefilmhaven’tyou
3.当陈述部分有have时,表示“所有”,附加疑问部分可用have也可用do如不表示“所有”而表示其他含义时,附加疑问部分用do.如Hehasabookhasn’the/doesn’theShehadagoodtimeyesterdaydidn’tshe
4.当陈述部分有seldomhardlyfewlittlenonothingnobodynowhere等否定词或半否定词时,疑问部分要用肯定形式如Fewpeopleknowhimdothey5当陈述部分的谓语是带有否定词缀前缀或后缀的动词时,疑问部分仍用否定结构如 Heisunfitforhisofficeisn’the
6.当陈述部分的谓语动词是表示愿望的wish等时,疑问部分的谓语动词用may而且前后两个部分均可用肯定式如IwishtogohomenowmayI
7.当陈述部为祈使句时的注意事项 1如果祈使句为肯定式,疑问部分用肯定或否定均可否定形式在语气上更委婉客气如Passmethebookwillyou/won’tyouStoptalkingwiiyou2如果祈使句为否定式,疑问部分只能用肯定式如Don’tspeakaloudanymorewillyouDon’tbecarelesswillyou3祈使句若是以let开头的句子,表示“建议”包括说话人和听话人双方时,疑问部分用shallwe;表示“请示”不包括听话人时,疑问部分用willyou.如Let’sgohomeshallweLetushelpyouwillyou
8.陈述部分用neither…nornotonly…butalso等连接主语时,疑问部分主语应用复数如NeitheryounorIcandoitcanwe
9.陈述部分是并列句时,疑问部分常对后一个句子进行反问如HeisateacherandhehastaughtEnglishforfifteenyearshasn’the
10.陈述部分是复合句时,疑问句常对主句进行反问如Shedidn’tliveHangzhouwhenshewasyoungdidshe在反意疑问句中还要注意一些代词的用法陈述部分主语反问部分主语例句one指人one或heOnecan’tbecarefulenoughcanhe/onethisthatthesethoseit或theyThisisn’tafasttrainisn’titThesearenotyourbooksaretheyeverythinganythingsomethingnothingitNothinghappenedtohimdidn’titeveryoneeverybodysomeonesomebodynoonenobodyanyoneanybodyhe或they更常见Everybodyagreedtotheplandidn’tthey不定式,动名词,其他短语itLearningEnglishwelltakesalotoftimedoesn’titTherebe句型be/情态动词/助动词+thereThereisnodoubtaboutitisthereTherewillberaintomorrowwon’tthere能力提高
1.—Wasn’titMr.Smithwhoquarreledwithyoujustnow—______A.NohewasB.YeshedidC.NoIdidn’tD.Yesitwas
2.Listen!Hisfamilymustbequarreling______A.mustn’titB.isn’titC.aren’ttheyD.needn’tthey
3.OhClark______careful______A.dois;doyouB.doesdo;won’theC.DobewillyouD.is;willyou
4.Betough-mindedbuttender-hearted______A.willyouB.isn’titC.aren’theD.areyou
5.Whathelacksismorepatience______A.isn’titB.isitC.doesn’theD.doeshe
6.Whentheteacherspeakswehavetokeepquiet_______A.don’tweB.doweC.doesn’theD.doeshe
7.Thereisnolightinthedormitory.Theymusthavegonetothelecture______A.didn’ttheyB.don’ttheyC.mustn’ttheyD.haven’tthey
8.Mrs.Blackdoesn’tbelievehersonisabletodesignadigitalcamera______A.isheB.isn’theC.doesn’theD.doeshe
9.IfIknewtheanswerIwouldn’tbeasking_______A.didn’tIB.didIC.wouldID.wouldn’t
10.I’msureyou‘drathershewenttoschoolbybus________A.hadn’tyouB.wouldn’tyouC.aren’tID.didn’tshe参考答案1-5DCCAA6-10ADDB专题
9.主谓一致主谓一致是指主语和谓语动词在人称和数的方面一致,学习主谓一致应熟记一些语法规则高考对主谓一致的考查多集中总在主语后面带有介词的名词的一致上,但学生也应住其他的一些语法规则处理主谓一致关系一般采取概念一致.就近一致及语法一致的三个原则
一、语法一致
1.由and连接的两个名词做主语,表示不同的人或事,谓语动词用复数Whathesaidandwhathedidhavegreatlyencouragedtheotherstudents.
2.and连接的两个名词指同一个人或物时,谓语动词用单数Thefamouswriterandpoethasgivenatalktwiceaday.
3.由no…andno…each…andeach…every…andevery…manya…andmanya…等构成复合主语时,谓语动词用单数Everyboyandeverygirlhastherighttogeteducation.Manyadeskandmanyachairhasbeentakenoutoftheclassroom.
4.两个单数名词用and并列表示一个概念或是不可分割的整体做主语,位于用单数常见的此类短语有warandpeaceironandsteelaneedleandthreatbreadandbutteracartandhorse等Eggandriceisherusualbreakfast.
5.主语后面带有aswellasratherthanlikebutexpectbesideswithtogetherwithalongwithincludinginadditiontoasmuchasmorethan等词连接的名词,根据语法一致的原则,谓语动词根据这些词前的主语来确定动词的形式Theprofessortogetherwithanumberofstudentswasdoingexperimentsinchemistryinthelabatthattime.
二、临近性原则
1.由连词oreither…orneither…norwhether…ornotonly…butalsonot…but等连接主语,谓语动词与最靠近的主语保持一致如Washeoryouinthenextroomjustnow
2.谓语动词与介词后面的名词的数一致1allof;mostof;alotof;someof;halfof;therestof;plentyof;partof;two-thirdof等加名词做主语时,谓语动词根据名词的数而定如Therestoftheboyswereout.Alloftheworkhasbeendone.2noneof;neitherof接名词有时做复数看待,有时作单数看待,主要取决于说话人的意思如Noneofthemhasarrivedyetatthesettlement.Noneofthemhavearrivedyet.3“oneof+复数名词”后的定语从句谓语用复数而“the/onlyoneof+复数名词”后的定语从句位于动词用单数如HeistheonlyoneofthestudentswhohasbeentoShanghai.HeisoneofthestudentswhohavebeentoShanghai.4many/few/quietafew/agoodmany/alargenumberof/millionsof连接复数名词时谓语动词用复数如Agreatnumberofscientistsinvitedarepresentattheconference.5much/little/quitealittle/agreatdealof/abitof+不可数名词+单数谓语如Thereislittlewaterinthebottle.6morethan+复数名词+复数谓语morethanone+单数谓语7amountof+不可数名词做主语,谓语动词的单复数决定于amount的数如Alargeamountofmoneywasspentonthegreatbridge.Largeamountsofmoneywerespentonthegreatbridge.8adayortwo+单数onedayortwodays+复数如Adayortwohaspassed.Oneortwodayshavepassed.9alargequantityof+名词作主语,谓语动词10如果主语用kindof等表示种类的词作主语,位于动词一般按语法一致的原则决定单复数Athiskindof+单数或复数名词,谓语动词用单数例Thiskindofmenisdangerous.B如果复数名词中心词作主语,谓语动词用复数例Menofthiskindaredangerous.C如果kindof前有复数限定词,谓语动词用复数例Thesekindsofmeninterestme.
三、逻辑意义上的一致
1.某些集体名词,如familyteamclassenemymajoritygroupgovernmentpublicpartyarmyfirmcompany等,如视作一个整体,作单数用如果指该集体的各个成员,则作复数用例Hisfamilyissmall.Hisfamilyareallmodelworkers.
2.peoplepolicecattlepoultry家禽等有生命的集体名词,位于动词用复数形式例Thepolicearelookingforthemissingchild.
3.以-s结尾的名词1学科名称如politicsphysicsmathematicseconomics等以及书名.游戏名.疾病名作主语时,谓语动词常用单数如TheArabianNights天方夜谭isapopularreadingwiththeyoungpeople.Diabetes糖尿病isacommondisease.2由两部分构成的物体如glassesscissorstrousersjeans等作主语时,谓语动词常用复数如Theglassesareyours.但物体前若用pairof,谓语动词的单复数,常取决于pair前的单复数如Therearesomenewpairsofcompasses.
4.表示时间,重量,距离,金钱等名词作主语时,往往把这类复数成一个整体,谓语动词用单数如Fifteenmilesseemslikealongwalktome.Onehundreddollarsisnotalargesumofmoney.
5.不定式,动名词,从句作主语,谓语用单数例Toteachistolearn.
6.表示地方,国家,机构,等专有名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数,如TheNewYorkTimesispublisheddaily.
7.表示群岛,山脉,瀑布,运动会等专有名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数如TheOlympicGamesareheldonceeveryfouryears.
8.少数名词如meansworkspains等作主语时,谓语动词单复数根据所表达的概念而定如Everymeanshasbeentried.Allpossiblemeanshavebeentried.
9.数词one后跟inofoutof引起的介词词组作主语是时,谓语动词一般用单数如Oneoutoftwentywasbadlydamaged.典型例题
1.IthinkTom______you______toblame.A.ratherthan;isB.ratherthan;areC.morethan;areD.lessthat;is解析这一例题考查的是名词后面跟exceptaswellasratherthan等句子的主谓一致,这时句子的谓语应和介词前面的词保持一致ratherthan“而不是”,主语是Tom故谓语用单数答案A
2.Itissaidthatmorestudentsthanone______thefilm.A.hasseenB.haveseenC.seeD.sees解析morethanone谓语动词用单数,more+复数名词thanone谓语动词用复数专题
10.名词和代词名词历年高考英语对名词的考查
一、名词词义辨析1.对固定搭配中的名词的考查此部分主要考查名词与形容词、动词或介词的搭配搭配问题比较复杂,有时是依据语法搭配,有时又是依据习惯搭配由于没有任何规律可言,语境的辅助作用又比较有限,因此备考中应强调日常积累与总结归类例1Dontleavematchesorcigarettesonthetablewithin______oflittlechildren.A.hand B.reachC.space D.distance例2Thisisnotamatch.Wereplayingchessjustfor______.A.habit B.customC.fun D.game2.依据语境选择合适的名词 此部分主要考查多义词在特定的上下文语境中的意义选择,它要求考生既能掌握名词近义词之间的细微区别,又要能够充分挖掘语境的内在要求,这是名词考查的最难部分例3ltcantbean______thatfourjewelrystoreswererobbedonenight.A.coincidence B.accidentC.incident D.chance例4-lmsorrylsteppedoutsideforasmoke.lwasverytired.-Thereisno______forthiswhileyouareonduty.A.reason B.excuseC.cause D.explanation
二、可数名词、不可数名词及它们之间的转化高考对此点的考查主要集中在两个方面一是考查名词的可数与不可数;二是抽象名词与普通名词的转化1.对名词可数、不可数的考查例5Hegainedhis________byprinting______offamouswriters.A.wealth B.wealths;works C.wealths;work D.wealth;works2.抽象名词与普通名词的转化例6Whenyoufinishreadingthebookyouwillhave______betterunderstandingof______life.A.a;the B.the;aC.不填;the D.a;不填例7Onewaytounderstandthousandsofnewwordsistogain_______goodknowledgeofbasicwordformation.A.不填 B.theC.a D.one
三、名词作定语名词作定语时,通常用单数形式某些常用复数名词作复数名词定语的情况要专门总结记忆如armsproductionclothesshopsalesdepartmentagoodstrainsavingsbankplasticsindustry等例8The______isjustaroundthecornerandyouwontmissit.A.bicyclesshop B.bicycleshopC.bicyclesshop D.bicyclesshop答案1-5BCABD6-8DCB代词下面我们来具体看一下每种代词的特点和高考考查要点
1、人称代词1人称代词作主语用主格,作宾语、表语用宾格,但应注意以下4中情况
①作主语的人称代词如果孤立地使用于无谓语动词的句子中,或在这种句子中与动词不定式连用,常用宾格—DoesanyofyouknowwhereTomlives—Me.
②句子中代词作宾语或宾语补足语时,与所替代的名词在人称、数、格在意义上一般要保持前后一致Thethiefwasthoughttobehe.
③作表语人称代词一般用宾格,但在强调句型中,被强调部分代词的格不变Imetherinthehospital.→ItwasherwhoImetinthehospital.
④在比较级的句子中than、as后用主格、宾格都可以如HeistallerthanmeI.但在下列句中有区别IlikeJackasmuchasher.=IlikebothJackandher.
2.物主代词1名词和形容词性物主代词各自的语法功能2onesown…=...ofonesown句式的转换3某些固定结构中常用定冠词代替物主代词如takesb.bythearmbewoundedintheleg.
3.反身代词1反身代词的语法功能宾语、表语、主语或宾语的同位语2反身代词和某些动词连有,构成固定短语enjoyoneselffeeloneselfmakeoneselfathomemakeoneselfunderstood
4.相互代词eachotheroneanother相互代词无人称、数和格的区别,在句中作宾语其所有格分别为eachothersoneanothers作定语一般来说,eachother指两者之间,oneanother指三者或三者以上之间,但现在区分已不明显
5.指示代词thisthatthesethosesuchsame
6、疑问代词whowhomwhichwhatwhose疑问代词在句中作主语、宾语、定语和表语
7.连接代词和关系代词连接代词与疑问代词的形式相同,主要有who、whom、whose、what、which以及它们与ever合成的代词whoever、whomever、whatever、whichever等它们用来引导主语从句,宾语从句和表语从句,即连接复合句中的主句和从句,并在从句中担任一定的句子成分,以连接代词引起的名词性从句前不能再加that.关系代词是用来引导定语从句的代词,它们包括who、whom、whose、which、that等
8、不定代词不定代词主要有all、every、both、either、neither、one、little、few、many、much、other、another、some、any、no等还有由some、any、no和every构成合成代词,不定代词具有名词和形容词的性质,并有可数和不可数之分,在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、同位语、定语、状语等every、no只能作定语精典名题
1.TheParkersboughtanewhousebut______willneedalotofworkbeforetheycanmovein.A.theyB.itC.oneD.which2.Ifyouwanttochangeforadoubleroomyou’llhavetopay_______$
15.A.anotherB.otherC.moreD.each
3.Fewpleasurescanequal________ofacooldrinkonahotday.A.someB.anyC.thatD.those、
3.Meetingmyuncleafteralltheseyearswasanunforgettablemoment___Iwillalwaystreasure.A.thatB.oneC.itD.what
4.SarahhasreadlotsofstoriesbyAMericanwriters.Nowshewouldliketoread___storiesbywritersfrom___countries.NMET1997A.some;anyB.other;someC.some;otherD.other;other参考答案BABC专题
11.形容词与副词
一、考查形容词与副词区别 考点说明形容词与副词均属修饰性词类,但因被修饰内容有所不同而具备不同的用法,高考非常注重对此进行考查,在单项选择题和短文改错题中出现了大量此类试题
二、考查级的范围 考点说明两个事物进行比较应使用比较级,三个或三个以上事物进行比较应使用最高级
三、考查比较级、最高级使用注意点考点说明使用比较级时应将主语排除在被比较的范围之外,因为主语只能和他人或他物相比,而不能和自己相比;使用最高级时应将主语包含在最高级的范围之内,否则离开这个范围,主语便不能成为这个范围中的最高级
四、考查比较级的重要句型 考点说明比较级有许多热点句型frombadtoworse/worseandworse每况愈下;moreandmore越来越多的,越来越......;the+比较级,the+比较级越......越......;tomakethematterworse/whatsworse/worsethanall/worsethanever更糟糕的是等
五、考查as...as同级比较句型 考点说明该句型结构为as+形容词/副词原级+as,表示某人/物和另一人/物一样......
六、考查比较级的程度修饰语 考点说明比较级的程度修饰语有基本程度副词muchverymuchalotagreatdealfarbyfarevenstillabitalittleratherany用于疑问句和否定句;具体数词;抽象数词;倍数;分数;百分数
七、考查比较级与冠词搭配关系 考点说明不含than的比较级前面可加不定冠词修饰,构成a/an+比较级+单数可数名词结构,表示一个更......的人/物被比较者被明确提供时,比较级前面应加定冠词the修饰
八、考查易混形容词与副词区别 考点说明高考经常设置语境考查易混形容词、副词及短语的区别名题
1.Theseorangestaste______.A.goodB.well C.tobegoodD.tobewell
2.ProfessorWhitehaswrittensomeshortstoriesbutheis________knownforhisplays.A.thebestB.moreC.betterD.themost
3.Englishisbetterthan_____.A.anylanguageB.anylanguagesC.anyotherlanguageD.alllanguages
4.______thetemperature______waterturnsintosteam.A.Thehigh;thefastB.Higher;fasterC.Themorehigher;thefasterD.Thehigher;thefaster
5.Iftherewerenoexaminationsweshouldhave______atschool.A.thehappiesttimeB.amorehappiertimeC.muchhappiesttimeD.amuchhappiertime
6.Borishasbrains.InfactIdoubtwhetheranyoneintheclasshas____IQ.A.ahighB.ahigherC.thehigherD.thehighest答案ACCDDB专题
12.冠词与数词冠词考点1不定冠词
一、用于单数可数名词前表示泛指,相当于“any”,说明事物的种类或类属
二、用于单数可数名词前,表示某一个,相当于“acertain”
三、不定冠词a用于辅音音素开头的单词前an用于元音音素开头的单词前
四、不定冠词位于抽象名词前,与抽象名词连用,使抽象名词具体化,表示“一场、一次、一件”如apleasure一件乐事,asurprise一件令人惊讶的事,ajoy一件高兴的事,apity一件遗憾的事,anhonour一个件经以为荣的人事考点2定冠词
一、表示特指或第二次提到
二、用在序数词前、最高级前、独一无二的东西前
三、用于固定句型中1.beat/hit/knock/strikesb+in/onthe+人体部位2.the+比较级,the+比较级,表示越来越……考点3零冠词
一、唯一的职务、头衔名词前不加冠词
二、球类、三餐以及学科名词前通常使用零冠词典型例题1.Itisoftensaidthat______teachershave_____veryeasylife. A.不填;不填 B.不填;a C.the不填 D.thea2.IcantrememberwhenexactlytheRobinsonsleft______city.Ionlyrememberitwas____ Monday.A.thethe B.athe C.aa D.thea3.Itis_____greatpleasuretogoto____cinemaafteraweek’shardwork.A.a;theB.the;aC.aaD.thethe
4.Giveit_____secondthoughtandyou’llfinditwisetoaccept___job.A.the;theB.a;aC.a;theD.the;a
5.Thewarmthof_____sweaterwillofcoursebedeterminedbythesortof_____woolused.A.The;theB.the;/C./;theD./;/
6.WhenItoldhimhehadtobepaidby____hourhebecomeangryandhitmeon_____nose.A.an;myB.the;theC.an;theD./;a
7.Lincolnwaselected____Presidentof____UnitedStatesin
1860.A.the;theB./;theC.a;/D./;/
1.提示这里的averyeasylife简单的生活表示泛指答案B
2.提示某个星期天是aMonday答案D
3.提示agreatpleasure表示“一件快乐的事”答案A
4.提示asecondthought表示“再次考虑”答案C
5.提示第一空格为特指,交待thewarmth的内容答案B
6.提示hitsbonthenose表示“打在某人的鼻子上”,用the答案B.
7.提示thepresident表示头衔答案B数词
1.基数词 表示数目的词称为基数词基数词的句法功能 基数词在句中可作主语、宾语、定语、表语、同位语
2.序数词 表示顺序的词称为序数词序数词的句法功能 序数词在句中可作主语、宾语、定语和表语典型试题
1.Isentinvitationsto90people____havereplied.A.ofwhomonly30ofthemB.ofwhomonly30C.only30ofthosewhoD.only30who
2.Whenthebellrangannouncingtheendofclassstudentscameout____.A.bytwosandthreesB.bytwoandthreeC.bytwoorthreeD.bytwosorthrees
3.LiPingwasborn____.A.intheyear1984at10a.m.onJune18thB.onJune18that10a.m.intheyear1984C.at10a.m.intheyear1984onJune18thD.at10a.m.onJune18thintheyear
19844.DavidhelpshismotherwiththehouseworkeverySaturdayforabout____.A.oneandhalfhoursB.ahalfandanhourC.anhourandhalfD.oneandahalfhours
5.Thisisa____buildingwhichisabout____high.A.six-storey;38metreB.six-storeys;38-metreC.six-storeyed;38metresD.six-storey;38-metres
6.Thecottonproductionhasincreasedby____percentthisyearcomparedwithlastyear.A.fivepointsixeightB.fivepointsixty-eightC.fifthpointandsixeightD.fivepointandsixeight
1.B名词/代词+of+关系代词which/whom常引导非限制性定语从句ofwhomonly30=only30ofwhom
2.Aby/intwosandthrees意为“三三两两地”是固定短语
3.D英语表达时间的顺序是由小到大
4.D一个半小时应表达为:anhourandahalf或oneandahalfhours
5.C第一空“六层的楼房”可表达为asix-storeybuilding/asix-storeyedbuilding/abuildingofsixstoreys;第二空“数词+名词+形容词”作表语时名词常用其复数形式使用连字符构成复合形容词时只可用作前置定语如:a38-meter-highbuilding
6.A
5.68的英文表达为fivepointsixeight专题
13.介词与连词介词典型题例
1.Yourperformanceinthedrivingtestdidn’treachtherequiredstandard—____youfailed. A.intheendB.afterallC.inotherwordsD.atthesametime
2.—Youseemtoshowinterestincooking. —What________Imgettingtiredofit. A.OnthecontraryB.TothecontraryC.OntheotherhandD.Totheotherhand
3.________productionupby60%thecompanyhashadanotherexcellentyear. A.AsB.ForC.WithD.Through
4.Thesuitfittedhimwell________thecolourwasalittlebrighter. A.exceptforB.exceptthatC.exceptwhenD.besides
5.Iwantedtwoseats________MadameCurieforFridaynightsoIrangthecinematoseeifIcouldbooktwotickets. A.ofB.aboutC.toD.for答案CACBD连词连词分类
1.并列连词是用来连接语法地位相同的结构、相同的单词、短语及句子andbutornorsoforyethoweveraswellasboth...andnotonly...butalsoeither...orneither...norstill
2.从属连词用来引导状语从句afterwhenbeforeaswhilesinceuntiltillifunlesslestbecausethanthatwhethersothatinorderthatasifasthoughalthoughsupposethatprovidedthatas...asnowthatsuch...thatincasethatonconditionthat典型例题
1.—IthinkGeorgedoesntreallycareforTVplays.—Right______hestillwatchestheprogram.A.andB.butC.orD.so
2.______modelingbusinessisbynomeanseasytogetintothegoodmodelwillalwaysbeindemand. A.WhileB.SinceC.AsD.If
3.______IacceptthatheisnotperfectIdoactuallylikethepersonA.WhileB.SinceC.BeforeD.Unless
4.Idoeverysinglebitofhousework______myhusbandBobjustdoesthedishesnowandthen.A.sinceB.whileC.whenD.as
5.______youcallmetosayyourenotcomingIllseeyouatthetheatre.、A.ThoughB.Whether C.UntilD.Unless
6.Standoverthere______youllbeabletoseeitbetter.、A.orB.whileC.butD.and
7.Itwasevening______wereachedthelittletownofWinchester.、A.thatB.untilC.sinceD.before
8.Wewereswimminginthelake______suddenlythestormstarted.、A.whenB.whileC.untilD.before
9.______Icanseethereisonlyonepossiblewaytokeepawayfromthedanger.、A.AslongasB.AsfarasC.JustasD.Evenif答案1-5BAABD6-9DDAB专题
14.构词法高考对构词法的考察并不直接,多在阅读中和完形中考察新课标对构词法提出了较高的要求,为了适应新课标的要求,全面扩大词汇量,应十分注重构词法的学习学习构词法不应盲目,而应遵循构词法的规律事实证明,高考试题中所涉及的构词法均是按规律形成的词典例精析
1.Attimesworryingisanormal_______responsetoadifficulteventorsituation---alovedonebeinginjuredinanaccidentforexample.A.effectiveB.individualC.inevitableD.unfavorable解析inevitable=thatcannotbeavoided;thatissuretohappen不可避免的;必然发生的;effective有效的;individual个人的;unfavorable不利的,有害的;不赞成的
2.Mostpeopleonthisislandarerecreationalfishersand_____fishingformsanactualpartoftheirleisuretime.A.accidentallyB.purposefullyC.obviouslyD.formally解析根据词意可以知道C为最佳选项Accidentally偶然地purposefully有目的地obviously明显地formally正式地
一、词的派生
1.在词跟上加前缀构成新词前缀示例a-amazeamongamountamuseapartaroundashamedbe-becausebehaviorbehindbelowbesidebelongde-deridedeclaredefeatdefinitedelaydemanddescribedis-不,相对相反dismissdisobeydisturbdisappointeddiscoverydiscourageddisabledisagreementen-使可能encourageenergeticenlargeelect-与电有关的electricalelectronicinim-ir-不,非impatientimpossibleindependenceindirectirregularinter-相互internationalinterruptioninterviewmis-不良,误,不misfortunemisunderstandingmistakenre-重复,再retellreunitereactionrestorereturnreuseun-非,不unboileduncomfortableunrestunloadunemploymenttele-远程telegramtelephonetelevisiontelegraphnon-不,无非nonsensenonsmokernonstopnon-violentmicro-微microcomputermicrophonetrans-转变,转移,横越横过translatetransplanttransformover-横过,在….之上过多,过度overheadoverlookovertakeout-在外面的超越,在上面超过outdoorsoutlineoutputunder-低于,不足undergoundergroundunderwater
2.在词根上加后缀构成新词后缀示例名词-er者swimmerviewercommandervillager-an-ian精通….的人,……地方的人AmerianEuropeantechnicianmusician-ist专业人员violinistphysicistscientistimperialist-ese,……地方的人ChineseJapanese-ment性质,状态governmentmovementdevelopment-ness性质,状态businessillnessdarkness-or器具,…..者cookerprofessor-tion动作,过程,结果pollutionsuggestion形容词-alpracticaleducationalnational-anAmericanItalian-ernsouthernnorthern-ful具有…的性质,与…有关helpfulusefulcareful-blereasonablehorribleterrible-ishfoolishEnglish-liveactivenativeexpensive-yrainysleepy-lesscarelessuseless动词-ify使…..化simplifyelectrify-ize使……成为realizeapologize副词-wardsbackwardsinwardsupwards-ly表示方式、程度freelyperfectly-wards表示方向towardsforward数词-teen十fifteenthirteen-ty整十位数twentythirty-th序数词eighthhundredth
二、词的合成词性合成方法示例合成形容词形容词+名词+edwarm-heartedill-formedgood-tempered形容词+现在分词good-lookingfine-sounding副词+现在分词hard-workingfar-reaching深远的名词+现在分词peace-lovingepoch-making划时代的名词+过去分词horse-drawn马拉的sun-burnt晒黑的合成形容词副词+过去分词newly-builtwide-spread形容词+名词large-scale大规模的long-term名词+形容词duty-fre免税的radioactive形容词+形容词red-hot炽热的dark-blue深蓝色的数词+名词+edthree-legged三条腿的one-sided片面的数词+名词three-year三年的two-party两党的其他构成方式read-made现成的happy-go-lucky无忧无虑的三词的转换变化方式示例动词转化为名词,这类动词变为名词后,常跟havemaketake等词搭配表示一个动词havealook;makeastudy;takeaseat表具体实物的名词可转化为动词writeabookadropofwaterbookaticketwaterthetree表身体某部分的名词可转化为动词Takeachildinone’sarms胳膊Bearmed武装totheteeth.表示某类人的名词可转化为动词Thenurse护士ondutyisnursing护理thepatient.专题
15.It句型归纳1.Itis+adj.+forsb./sth.+todosth.用于此句型的形容词有easy,hard,difficult,possible,important,impossible,necessary,good,bad,exciting, interesting,surprising等如Itisnecessarytochangeyourjob.Itwasveryhardforthemtowalksuchalongwayin thesnow.2.Itis+n.+forsb./sth.+todosth.用于此句型的名词有pityshamepleasureone’sdutyone’s jobfunjoygoodmannersbadmanners等如Itisapityforyoutohavemissedsuchawonderful play.Itisbadmannersfortheyoungtotakeuptheseats fortheold.3.Itis+adj.+ofsb.+todosth. 此句型中的adj.主要描述某人的品德、特征能用于该句型的形容词有 kindnicewise sillypoliteimpolitefriendlyfoolishclever等如Howsillyitwasofyoutogiveupsuchagood chance!Itisfriendlyofthefamilytotrytomakemefeel athomeintheirhouse.4.Itis+adj.+n.+doingsth. 此句型中的形容词和名词常见的有no/littleuseno/muchgood useless等如It’snousecryingoverspiltmilk.5.Ittakessb.+一段时间+todosth.表示“做某事花费某人多长时间”如Ittookushalfanhourtoridetothetownbythe sea.6.Itis+及物动词的过去分词+that从句 此句型中常见的及物动词的过去分词有saidtoldknownreported recordedthoughtbelievedconsidered等如ItisreportedthattheRussianPresidentwillvisit Chinanextweek.7.It+不及物动词+that从句 此句型中不及物动词常见的有seem,happen,appear,matter等如Itseemsthattherewillbeaheavysnowtomorrow.IthappenedthatImetmygoodfriendsinthemuseum yesterday.8.强调句型Itis+被强调部分+that/who从句在使用强调句型时要注意,指人时可以用who或that,其它情况一律用that如Itwasunderthebedthatmybrotherhidtheball thismorning.ItisMrBellwho/thatoftencomesandlooksafter theoldman.9.Itis/hasbeen+一段时间+since从句如Itis/hasbeenthreeyearssincewesaweachother last.10.Itishightimethatsb.didsth.该句型表示“某人现在该做某事了”,从句常用过去时虚拟语气说明现在应该做的事情如It’ssixo’clock.Itishightimethatwewenthome now.专题
16.动词的时态和语态动词的时态和语态是历年高考的重点,而且测试的难度也在逐年加大在单项填空题中,每年考查动词时态的题不少于两道,动词的语态常和时态放在一起考查高考命题者常从三个角度进行命题一是直接给定时间状语考生能直接根据所给时间状语作出选择;二是给定时间状语,但所给时间状语有着较强的干扰性和迷惑性,考生不能直接根据时间状语作出选择;三是题干中不提供任何时间状语,而给出一个上下文情景或一个结构较为复杂的句子,考生必须仔细分析语境,才能作出正确判断[题1]—_____MrSmith____thisweek—No.Heisonholiday.A.Has;workedB.Does;workC.Did;workD.Is;working【解题关键】解答该题关键是根据上下文语境判断句子动作的一般式与进行式的用法区别【答案解析】根据答句Heisonholiday.说明动作处于正在进行状态,而不是完成性的、过去发生的或经常性的动作,故排除选项A、B、C,选用现在进行时,答案为D[题2]—Gotyourdrivinglicense—No.I_____toobusytohaveenoughpracticesoIdidn’ttakethedrivingtestlastweek.A.wasB.amC.havebeenD.hadbeen【解题关键】解答该题的关键是要根据上下文语境中所提供的一般过去时的表示过去时间的对照点,准确判断过去完成时与一般过去时的用法区别【答案解析】问句中Gotyourdrivinglicense为Haveyougotyourdrivinglicense?现在完成时的省略表达,该句对选项无影响决定选项动词时态的是答句中soIdidn’ttakethedrivingtestlastweek.分析句意可知,选项动作发生在后一动作之前,表示过去的过去,故应用过去完成时答案为D[题3]You’dbetternotcallthemanagerbetween7and8thiseveningforhe_____animportantmeetingthen.A.willhaveB.wouldhaveC.willbehavingD.willhavehad【解题关键】解答该题的关键是要准确理解句意根据题干中提供的时间状语来判断使用表示将来的多种时态中的哪一种【答案解析】根据题干中的时间状语between7and8thisevening可知,选项动作是在将来某个时刻正在进行的,故应选用将来进行时,口语中常用这种时态表示将来某时刻正在进行的动作或发生的事答案为C[题4]—Howcanyouborrowmycomputerwithoutmypermission—OhI____totellyou.Ihopeyoudon’tmind.A.forgetB.forgotC.hadforgottenD.amforgetting【解题关键】解答该题的关键是根据语境所提供的信息及其句子的意义,判断一般现在时及过去完成时的用法区别【答案解析】该句题干中没有提供任何时间状语,但从语境及句子的含义判断,选项动作表示在过去某个时间发生,所以,首先排除选项A、D,由于题干中没有表示过去时间的对照点,故再排除选项C答案为B[题5]—Willyoupleaserepeatyouridea—Certainly.ButIthinkitcertainyou____yourattention.A.don’tpayB.didn’tpayC.weren’tpayingD.aren’tpaying【解题关键】解答该题的关键是要准确理解选项动词动作所发生的时间段,区别一般时态与进行时态的用法【答案解析】从问话人请求对方重复已讲内容,答话人认为对方在刚才他讲话时没有注意他所讲内容可知,该选项动作强调在过去某个时刻正在进行,表示说话的当时,故应选用过去进行时答案为C[题6]—I’msorrybutthebossisn’thereyet.ShallIhavehercallyouwhenshecomesback—NoI’llcallherback.IfIcallagaininhalfanhourdoyouthinkshe____A.arrivesB.hasarrivedC.willarriveD.willhavearrived【解题关键】解答该题的关键是根据语境注意区别一般将来时与将来完成时的用法【答案解析】一般将来时表示将来某一时刻将要发生的动作,而将来完成时则表示将来某个时间之前已经发生或完成的动作根据该句语境及其句意可知,该句选项动作表示将来完成的动作答案为D[题7]—Areweabouttohavedinner—Yesit____inthedinningroom.A.isservingB.isbeingservedC.hasbeenservingD.serves【解题关键】解答该题关键在于准确把握动词serve在句中主动语态与被动语态的使用【答案解析】动词serve在此句中意思为端上、摆出饭菜,为vt.根据该句结构可知应使用被动语态,只有选项B为进行时的被动结构,其它选项均为主动形式答案B[题8]—Joanwasbadlyinjuredintheaccidentyesterdayandshewassenttohospital.—OhreallyI____.I____visither.A.didn’tknow;willgotoB.don’tknow;willgotoC.didn’tknow;amgoingtoD.haven’tknown;amgoingto【解题关键】解答该题的关键是根据讲话人的说话意图推断动作所发生的时间点,并注意在语境中区别will和begoingto的用法【答案解析】分析语境及讲话人意图可知,第一空强调过去的动作,并不表示现在发生的事,故应用一般过去时;第二空应选will,表示即时决定将要做的事,而begoingto表示按计划、安排要做的事答案A[题9]—Don’tyoufeelsurprisedtoseeBruceatthemeeting—Yes.Ireallydidn’tthinkshe____here.A.hasbeenB.hadbeenC.wouldbeD.wouldhavebeen【解题关键】解答该题的关键是根据上下文语境准确理解选项动作所表达的时间发生点【答案解析】C.根据上下文语境可知,选项动作已在过去发生或完成但根据Ireallydidn’tthink可判断出从句中动作是从过去某时间看将来要发生的事,故应选过去将来时[题10]—Whyisthelibrarianlookingsohardatme—You____toreadaloudinthereadingroom.A.don’tsupposeB.haven’tsupposedC.arenotsupposedD.werenotsupposed【解题关键】解答该题的关键是要根据句子含义准确判断动词suppose在句中的用法以及动词所发生的时间【答案解析】根据句子意思,应选用besupposedto应该做……、被要求做……,故排除选项A、B;分析上文情景,句中动词使用现在时形式,强调现在的状态,所以,再排除选项D答案C[题11]Itseemswaterfromthistapforsometime.We’llhavetotakeitaparttoputitright.A.hadleakedB.isleakingC.leakedD.hasbeenleaking【解题关键】解答该题的关键是要准确把握句中的时间状语forsometime所强调的时间段以及所使用的动词时态【答案解析】根据句中时间状语forsometime以及后一分句的动词时态可知,选项动词动作强调到现在为止并仍在继续,故应排除选项A、C由于选项B现在进行时不可与一段时间状语连用,所以排除选项B,选D现在完成进行时答案D[题12]—TakethismedicinethreetimesadayTom—DoIhavetotakeitIt____soterrible.A.istastingB.istastedC.tastesD.hastasted【解题关键】解答该题的关键是要准确理解连系动词taste用主动形式表示被动的意义在句中的用法【答案解析】根据选项动词及其句子意思可知,taste在此用做连系动词,后接形容词作表语,在这一结构中,taste常用一般现在时的主动形式表示被动意义答案C专题
17.虚拟语气虚拟语气是历年高考的选考考点考点常集中在含蓄条件句以及宾语从句中的虚拟语气上所设选项常通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示,而且都是结合具体语境来考查对考点的运用能力今后高考对虚拟语气的命题重点仍会是在特定语境中考查虚拟语气中的含蓄虚拟条件句、宾语从句中的谓语动词等[题1]—Canyoucometoattendourpartytonight—SorrybutIdowishI____.A.hadB.canC.willD.could【解题关键】解答该题的关键是要理清上下文语境,准确判断wish引导的宾语从句中虚拟结构的使用【答案解析】分析上下文语境可以知道,wish引导的宾语从句表示与将来事实相反的愿望,故应用would,could+动词原形答案D[题2]ItisnecessarythatpeoplebothyoungandoldinChina____someEnglishtobepreparedfortheOlympicGamestobeheldinBeijingin
2008.A.learnB.willlearnC.mustlearnD.havelearned【解题关键】解答该题的关键是要注意在句型Itisnecessarystrangenaturalimportant...+从句中,从句中谓语动词虚拟语气结构的使用【答案解析】在句型Itisnecessarystrangenaturalimportant...+从句结构中,从句中谓语动词要用should+动词原形构成,should可以省略答案A[题3]IfhehislegsinthelasttraininghethecomingWorldCupwhichhehasbeenlongingtocompetein.A.hadn’thurt;wouldjoininB.hadn’thurt;wouldhavetakenpartinC.didn’thurt;wouldgoinforD.didn’thurt;wouldhavetakenpartin【解题关键】解答该题的关键是根据句子意思准确推断出主从句中谓语动词虚拟结构的使用,特别注意主从句动作所发生的时间不一致性的关系【答案解析】根据句子结构可以知道,该题是由if引导的条件状语从句,分析句意,该句表示一种假设,从句中的动作是在过去发生,即表示与过去事实相反,主句的动作是在将来发生,即表示与将来事实相反,故从句谓语动词用haddone,主句用wouldcouldmight+动词原形答案A[题4]IwascaughtinatrafficjamforoveranhourotherwiseI____youwaitingforsuchalongtime.A.willnotkeepB.havenotkeptC.hadnotkeptD.wouldnothavekept【解题关键】解答该题的关键是要把握otherwise表示转折意义后的句子结构中虚拟语气的使用【答案解析】根据句子意义,otherwise前的分句为客观事实,使用的为一般过去时,而otherwise后一分句则表示与过去事实相反的一种假设,句中实际省略了if条件句ifIhadn’tbeencaught...故选项部分应为与过去事实相反的主句虚拟结构,应选wouldn’thavekept答案D[题5]Thoughthegirlhadbeensufferingfromtheblooddiseasesheactedasifnothing____toherwhilefacingherfriendsandrelations.A.happenedB.wouldhappenC.washappenedD.hadhappened【解题关键】解答该题的关键是要准确判断asif引导的从句中虚拟结构的使用【答案解析】在asif,asthough引导的方式状语从句中,从句谓语动词要用虚拟结构,根据题干中动词所使用的时态可以看出,选项部分是表示与过去事实相反的动作,要用had+过去分词构成答案D[题6]It’shightimethatwestudents_____evenharderatourlessonsasthenationalentranceexaminationiscomingnearer.A.workB.willworkC.workedD.havetowork【解题关键】解答该题的关键是要注意在句型It’stimethat...结构中虚拟结构的使用【答案解析】在Itistimethat...句型结构中,从句的谓语动词要用虚拟结构,可以用一般过去时,也可以用should+动词原形,但should不可省略答案C[题7]____himnottodosohewouldn’thavemadesuchaseriousmistake.A.DidIpersuadeB.IfIpersuadeC.IfIshouldpersuadeD.HadIpersuade【解题关键】解答该题的关键是要把握在虚拟条件句中,省略if时,句子结构的使用【答案解析】题干中主句的谓语动词使用了wouldn’thavemade,说明该动作表示与过去事实相反,故条件句使用表示与过去事实相反的虚拟结构ifsb.had+过去分词,或使用hadsb.done即省略了if的虚拟结构答案D[题8]Hissuggestionthatyou____oncemoresoundsreasonable.A.tryB.triedC.musttryD.cantry【解题关键】解答该题的关键是要注意把握在表示建议、命令、要求等引导的名词性从句中,虚拟结构的使用【答案解析】分析句子意思可以知道,名词suggestion之后的从句为同位语从句,从句中应使用should+动词原形其中should可以省略答案A[题9]—Doyoumindifwesetoutearliertomorrowmorning—WellI’dratheryou____.A.don’tB.didn’tC.won’tD.wouldn’t【解题关键】解答该题的关键是要注意wouldrather后从句中虚拟结构的使用【答案解析】wouldrather后的从句,如果从句的谓语动词表示与现在或将来事实相反,常用一般过去时,如果与过去事实相反,用过去完成时该题根据上下文语境可以知道,选项部分的动作是与将来事实相反,故用一般过去时B[题10]—I____toyourbirthdaypartylastSunday.—Unfortunatelyyouwereoutonbusiness.A.hadcomeB.cameC.wouldcomeD.wouldhavecome【解题关键】解答该题的关键是要根据上下文语境,准确推断出部分虚拟结构的使用【答案解析】根据对话情景可知,答句Unfortunatelyyouwereoutonbusiness.不幸的是你出差了实际上是上一句暗示的条件从答句所给的特定的动词时态一般过去时来看,上句所说内容是对过去情况的假设,故暗示的条件句应为IfIhadn’tbeenoutonbusiness,由此可见,选项部分为主句的谓语动词,表示与过去事实相反,应选用wouldhavecome答案D专题
18.名词性从句主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句,它们在复合句中的功用相当于名词,因此称为名词性从句,在句中分别作主语、表语、宾语和同位语1.Whenhewillcomeisstillunknown.2.Idon’tknowwhohaswateredthefields.3.Theproblemisthatweneedmoremoney.4.Haveyouheardthenewsthatourteamwonthegame
1.主语从句在复合句中作句子主语的从句引导词连词that、whether;疑问代词whowhatwhich;疑问副词whenwherehowwhy1连词that无词意whether是否在从句中不担任句子成分,只起连接作用;whether能引导主语从句,而if不能Thatyoudon’tlikehimhasnothingtodowithme.WhetherJohnwilldothisexperimentremainsaquestion.2疑问代词whowhatwhich在从句中既作连接词又充当主语、宾语、表语、定语等Whowillbesentabroadtofurtherhisstudiesisnotannounced.Whatsurprisedmemostwasthatsuchalittlegirlcouldplaytheviolinsowell.Whicheveryoutakewillbeyours.Whoeverwantsthisbookmaytakeit.3疑问副词whenwherehowwhy在从句中充当时间、地点、方式和原因状语Wheretheheroinewentisnotmentionedattheendofthestory.Howhemanagedtofinishthecompositioninsuchashorttimeisstillamystery.4用it作形式主语的主语从句常用的句型见it用法专题
2.表语从句在复合句中作句子表语的从句引导词有thatwhetherwhatwhichwhowhomwhosewhenwherewhyhowbecause等1引导表语从句的that不省略,that仅起连接作用,在从句中不充当任何成分,无任何意义Theimpressionhemakesonmeisthatheisareliableperson.2thereason后面的表语从句只能用that引导,我们学生易犯“thereasonisbecause…”的错误Thereasonwhythelittleactresshasbeensuchasuccessisthatsheisbothcleverandhard-working.3在表示命令order等,建议suggestionadvice等的名词后的表语从句中,谓语动词要用虚拟语气should+动词原形,should可省略Hissuggestionisthatweshouldholdanothermeetingtodiscusstheproblem.4whether可引导表语从句,表“是否”,它在从句中不充当成分,if则不能Thequestioniswhetherwecanrelyonhim.5连接代词whatwhichwhowhomwhose除起连接作用外,还在从句中做主语、宾语、表语和定语That’swhatheisworriedabout.在从句作中宾语Theproblemiswhocandothework.在从句中作主语6连接副词whenwherewhyhow起连接作用外,还在从句中作状语That’swhyIwaslate.Thatishowhedidit.7连词because引导表语从句,只用在That/This/Itisbecause…结构中Thatisbecausesheoftenworkshard.
3.宾语从句从句在句中充当宾语的成分宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语,也可作介词的宾语,也可作动词不定式等非谓语动词形式的宾语,还可作某些形容词的宾语从句Jennythoughtthatherteacherwasunfair.I’dliketoknowwhichoneisyourhusband.Iamsurethathewon’tmind.Italldependsonwhethertheywillsupportus.
4.同位语从句一般跟在某些名词后面,用以解释或说明前面的名词的内容经常带同位语从句的名词有factnewsmessagedoubtpossibilityideareasonbeliefhopethoughtpromisesuggestionquestion等引导词有连词thatwhether;连接代词whowhichwhat和连接副词wherewhenwhyhow1thatwhether只起连接作用,不在从句中作任何成分TheideathatEnglandstandsforfishchips…ispast.Thereisnodoubtthatthepriceofcarswillgodown.Theproblemwhetherweshouldcontinuetodotheexperimenthasbeensolved.不能用if2连接代词whowhichwhat和连接副词wherewhenwhyhow在从句中作相应成分Hecan’tanswerthequestionhowhegotthemoney.Thequestionwhoshouldgoabroadrequiresconsideration.I’vegotaprettygoodideawhytheyleftearly.同位语从句与定语从句的区别Weexpressedthehopethattheyhadexpressed.我们表达了他们曾经表达过的那种希望定语从句WeexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometovisitChinaagain.我们表示希望他们再来中国访问同位语从句1从语法角度上看,引导同位语从句的that是连词,只起连接作用,在从句中不作任何句子成分;而引导定语从句的that是关系代词,除起连接作用外,还在从句中作主语或宾语等句子成分2从语义角度上看,同位语从句与前面的名词hope是同位关系,表示hope的内容是theywouldcometovisitChinaagain因而同位语从句是名词性的,其功能是对名词作补充说明;而定语从句与它前面的名词是所属关系,表示“…的”他们曾经表示过的,起修饰作用,因此定语从句是形容词性的,其功能是修饰先行词3同位语从句的连词that不能省略,而定语从句的关系代词that,当其在从句中作宾语中,可省略,作主语也不可省略I’veheardthenewsthathevisitedourfactory.I’veheardthenewsthathetoldyoutheotherday.Thenewsthattheplanewouldtakeoffontimemadeeverybodyhappy.Thenewsthatisspreadingaroundtheairportisthataheavystormiscoming.Thesuggestionthatstudentsshouldlearnsomethingpracticalisworthconsidering.Thesuggestionthattheyareconsideringisthatstudentsshouldlearnsomethingpractical.专题
19.情态动词情态动词一般用法,大家都比较熟悉,但是,到了高中阶段,它的用法外延的比较多,很难理解和掌握这里,就其考点列举如下1.情态动词的现在完成式的用法情态动词现在完成式主要有两个功能表示已经发生的情况和表示虚拟语气在这两个方面must/mustn’t;can/cann’t;need/needn’t;may/mayn’t;might/mightn’t;should/shouldn’t;oughtn’t等情态动词+完成式表示的意思是有一定区别的1.表示已经发生的情况1musthave+过去分词,表示对已发生情况的肯定推测,译为“昨天一定……如Mypain____apparentthemomentIwalkedintotheroomforthefirstmanImetaskedsympathetically:”Areyoufeelingallright” A.mustbe B.hadbeen C.musthavebeen D.hadtobe2can’t/couldn’thave+过去分词,表示对已发生情况的否定推测,译为“昨天一定没……”如Mary____myletter;otherwiseshewouldhaverepliedbeforeA.couldn’thavereceived B.oughttohavereceivedC.hasreceived D.shouldn’thavereceived3may/mighthave+过去分词,表示对已发生的事情做不肯定、可能性很小的推测,或事实上根本没发生,译为“也许……”如AtFloridaPower’sCrystalRiverplantapotentiallyseriousleakageofradioactivewatermayhavebeenunknowinglycausedbyanelectrician.2.表示虚拟语气1needn’thave+过去分词,表示做了不必做的事,相当于”didn’tneedtodo”译为“其实没必要……”如Asitturnedouttobeasmallhousepartywe_____soformally.A.needn’tdressup B.didnotneedhavedressedup C.didnotneeddressup D.needn’thavedressedup2shouldhave+过去分词,表示应该做某事但实际上未做,译为“本应该……”shouldnot+have过去分词表示本不应该做某事但实际上做了,译为“本不应该……”如Iregrethavinglefttheworkunfinished;Ishouldhaveplannedeverythingaheadcarefully.我本来应该事先认真地把每件事情规划的很好,但实际上作者还是没有规划好,以至工作没有完成3oughttohave+过去分词,表示动作按理该发生了,但实际上未发生,译为“该……”,与should的完成式含义类似如Yououghttohavetoldhimthatthepaintonthatseatwaswet..4couldhave+过去分词,表示过去本来可以做但却未做,译为“完全可以……”这点与ought/should/have+过去分词用法相似如Whatyousaidisrightbutyoucouldhavedoneitbetter.5may/mighthave+过去分词,表示过去可以做但实际未做,译为“那样也许会……”如 Youmayhavenoticedsomethingwhileyouweredoingthistask.3.几个情态动词常考的句型1may/mightjustaswell“不妨,最好”,与hadbetter相近意为“最好,还是,不妨”Youmayaswellrepeattheexperiment.2cannot/can’t…too…“越……越好,怎么也不过分”注意这个句型的变体cannot…over….如Youcannotbetoocarefulwhenyoudriveacar.驾车时候,越小心越好3usedn’t或did’tuseto为usedtodo的否定式Tomusednottoriseatsixeverymorning.4should除了“应该”一层意思外,考研大纲还规定要掌握其“竟然”的意思如Ididn’texpectthatheshouldhavebehavedlikethat.我无法想象他竟然这样做2.情态动词被动关系的主动表达法 1.wantrequireworth形容词后面接doing也可以表示被动意义Yourhairwantscutting.Theworkisworthreading.Thefloorrequireswashing. 2.need既可用needtobedone也可使用needdoing,两种形式都表达被动的意义Thehouseneedspainting=thehouseneedstobepainted.Thewatchneededrepairing=thewatchneededtoberepaired.补充hadbettershouldoughtto是重要的情态动词,也是高考重要考点,学习时应注意下列几点
一、了解相互间关系hadbetter最好should应该与oughtto应该均为提建议、阐述观点的情态动词,其后接动词原形should比hadbetter语气强,oughtto语气最强一般情况下should与oughtto可通用例1Youhadbettergothereatonce.你最好立即去那里例2Yououghtto/shouldworkhard.你应该努力工作值得注意的是should还有竟然之意,表出乎意料例Youcantimaginethatawell-behavedgentlemanshouldbesorudetoalady.你真是难以想象这么一个有风度的先生对一个女子是如此之粗鲁
二、掌握句型变换方法hadbettershouldoughtto作为情态动词,各种句型变换均在自身形式上作变化一否定句hadbettershouldoughtto用于否定句时,否定词均位于其后,具体形式为hadbetternotdoshouldnt/shouldnotdooughtnttodo例1Youhadbetternotstartatthistime.此时你最好别出发例2Heshouldntbecarelessinclass.他上课时不应粗心例3Sheoughtnttowastetime.她不应该浪费时间二一般疑问句hadbettershouldoughtto用于一般疑问句时,分别将hadshouldought提至句首例1Hadhebetterstartearlyatonce他最好立即出发吗?例2Shouldyoudolikethis你应该这么做吗?例3Oughthetogothere他应该去那里吗?三反意疑问句陈述句谓语动词含hadbettershouldoughtto时,反意疑问句为hadshould与ought+主格人称代词或hadntshouldntoughtnt+主格人称代词例1Youhadbetternotgohomehadyou你最好别回家,是吗?例2Youshouldstudyhardshouldntyou你应该认真学习,是吗?例3Heoughtnttospeakinclassoughthe你上课不应该讲话,是吗?
三、掌握其完成式用法hadbetter没有完成式,should与oughtto完成式意义与用法完全相同一should/oughttohavedone意为本来应做但实际没有做,表达遗憾的感情色彩例Therewasalotoffunatyesterdaysparty.You________comebutwhydidntyouA.musthaveB.shouldC.needhaveD.oughttohave析答案D该空含你本来应来但实际未来之意,应填oughttohave二should/oughtnttohavedone,意为本来不应做但实际已做,表达遗憾的感情色彩例Iwasreallyanxiousaboutyou.You________homewithoutaword.A.mustntleaveB.shouldnthaveleftC.couldnthaveleftD.needntleave析答案B该空含你本不应该一句话不说就离开家但实际已这么做之意,所以应填shouldnthaveleft专题
20.状语从句
一、考点聚焦
1、时间状语从句1as、when、while用法as表示“当…的时候”,往往和when/while通用,但它着重强调主句与从句的动作或事情同时或几乎同时发生ShecameupasIwascooking.同时Therunnersstartedasthegunwentoff.几乎同时whenatorduringthetimethat既可以表示在某一点的时候,又可表示在某一段时间内,主句与从句的动作或事情可以同时发生也可以先后发生Itwasrainingwhenwearrived.指时间点Whenwewereatschoolwewenttothelibraryeveryday.在一段时间内while意思是“当……的时候”或“在某一段时间里”主句中的动作或事情在从句中的动作或事情的进展过程中发生,从句中的动词一般要用延续性动词在when表示aperiodoftime时,两者可以互换Pleasedon’ttalksoloudwhileothersareworking.Hefellasleepwhile/whenreading.Strikewhiletheironishot.用as或when不可,这里的while意思是“趁……”2引导时间状语从句的连接词除上述外还有
①tillnot…until…untilbeforesinceDon’tgetoffthebusuntilithasstopped.Hewaitedforhisfatheruntiltillitwastwelveo’clock.ItwillbefiveyearsbeforehereturnsfromEngland.
②hardly/scarcely…whennosooner…thanassoonasonce表示“一……就”AssoonasIhavefinisheditI’llgiveyuacall.Onceyoushowanyfearhewillattackyou.Wehadhardlygot/Hardlyhadwegotintothecountrywhenitbegantorain.Nosoonerhadhearrived/Hehadnosoonerarrivedthanshestartedcomplaining.
③directlyimmediatelythemomenttheminutethat…一……就Hemadeforthedoordirectlyheheardtheknock.
④eachtimeeverytimebythetime.Eachtimehecametomycityhewouldcallonme.注意表示未来情况,主句用将来时,从句用现在时
2、让步状语从句1although与though可以引导让步状语从句,不能与but连用,但可以与yet连用Althoughtheyarepooryettheyarewarm-hearted.2evenif或eventhough引导让步状语从句,表示“即使”,“纵然”,用来使人注意下文所强调内容的性质I’llgetthereevenifthoughIhavetosellmyhousetogetenoughmoneytogobyair.3nomatter后接上who、what、where、how等疑问词,也可以在这类疑问词后面加上ever构成whoever、whatever、wherever、however等Don’ttrusthimnomatterwhat/whateverhesays.Whoeverbreaksthelawwillbepublished.Nomatterhowhardtheworkisyou’dbettertrytodoitwell.Childasthoughheisheknowsalot.MuchasIlikeitIwon’tbuy.Tryashewouldhecouldn’tlifttheheavybox..
3、原因状语从句becauseforassincenowthat1表示不知道的原因时用because即说话人认为听话人不知道,因此because从句是全句最重要的部分,通常它被置于主句之后YouwanttoknowwhyI’mleavingI’mleavingbecauseI’mfull.for虽然表示不知道的原因,但其语气较because要弱得多,是可说可不说的话,它只能置于主句之后,这时,for是并列连词如果不是因果关系,而是对前面主句的内容加以解释或推断时,只能用for如It’smorningnowforthebirdsaresinging.很显然,鸟叫不可能是“现在已是早上”的原因2表示已经知道的原因时用as或since即某种原因在说话人看来已经很明显,或已为听话人所熟悉,因此它是句中不很重要的部分since要比as正式一些,它们通常被置于语句之前,但有时却相反Seeingallofthechildrenalreadyseatedhesaid“Sinceeveryoneisherelet’sstart.”3下列情况下只能使用because:
①在回答why的问句时;
②在用于强调句型时;
③被not所否定时
4、地点状语从句where;whereverMakeamarkwhereveryouhaveanyquestions.WewillgowherethePartydirectsus.
5、目的状语从句thatsothatinorderthat注意目的状语从句的谓语动词常与情态动词连用,否则可能是结果状语从句不可置于句首
6、结果状语从句thatsothatso…thatsuch…that…注意so+形容词/副词+that从句;such+ 名词+that从句
7、方式状语从句asasifthoughI’lldoasIamtoldto.Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.
8、比较状语从句thanas
9、条件状语从句ifunlesssoaslongasincaseonceafarasonconditionthat.注意if与unless的区别不能用and连接两个unless从句,即不能有…unless…andunless…但if…notandif…not却不受此限Youwon’tloseyourweightunlessyoueatlessandunlessyouexercisemore.×但可以说…unlessyoueatlessandexercisemore.
10、注意状语从句中从句的省略现象1连接词+过去分词Don’tspeakuntilspokento.Pressurecanbeincreasedwhenneeded.Unlessrepairedthewashingmachineisnouse.2连词+ 现在分词Lookoutwhilecrossingthestreet.3连词+形容词/其他常见的有itnecessary、ifpossible、whennecessary、ifany等
二、精典名题导解
1.Idon’tthinkI’llneedanymoneybutI’llbringsome____________.A.aslastB.incaseC.onceagainD.intime解析答案为B句意为“带些钱以防万一”,只能选择incase引导的条件状语从句,后面省略了Ishouldneedit
2.TheWTOcan’tliveuptoitsname_________itdoesn’tincludeacountrythatishometoonefifthofmankind.A.aslongasB.whileC.ifD.eventhough解析答案为C本题考查状语从句的用法句意为“假如世贸组织不包括占世界人口五分之一的中国的话,那它就名不副实”aslongas语气过于强烈,while和eventhough不符合句意
3、Someonecalledmeupinthemiddleofthenightbuttheyhungup_________Icouldanswerthephone.A.asB.sinceC.beforeD.until解析答案为C题意为半夜里有人打来电话,我没来得及就挂了but暗示在接话前就挂了第三部分经典试题展示
(一)第一节语法与词汇从A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案21.Itisgenerallybelievedthatboymustlearntostandonhisownlegsandfightlikeman.A.the;aB.a;/C.a;aD.the;the22.—Shallwegooutonapicnicthisweekend—.A.GoaheadB.Thatcouldn’tbebetterC.NodoubtD.Nowonder23.CouldyoukeepsecretthatJohn’sparentshavesplitupA.thatB./C.himD.it24.Shehasbeenindoctorsdescribeasavegetativestateforsixyears.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.how25.—WhatacollectionofstampsabouttheCulturalRevolutionyouhave!—Istillneedonemorttoit.A.completeB.closeC.endD.finish26.—Mycarandmyboss’aresimilarsizeanddesign.—Itisstupidyoutofollowothers’footsteps.A.in;forB.to;ofC.in;ofD.to;for27.—Haveyoufinishedyouressay—Halfwhenyoucomeback.A.hasbeendoneB.isdoneC.bedoneD.willhavebeendone28.TheEnglishmajorsmostofgirlsseldomwininsportscompetitions.A.thatB.whichC.whomD.them29.Nowadaysteachersfeeltheycan’thelpreadingmaterialssuitableforeverystudentsotheyencourageEnglishbyInternet.A.finding;learningB.tofind;learningC.finding;tolearnD.tofind;tolearn30.—WangLinhasbeentransferredtotheGuangzhoubranch.—DoeshehavetosellthenewapartmenthehasjusthadA.itdecoratingB.decoratedC.itdecoratedD.tobedecorated31.—MyunclesuggestsIabroad.—Iwouldratheryouathome.A.go;stayB.went;stayedC.go;stayedD.went;stay32.Theycanbehaviorfromtheirdaughterbutnotanyoneelse.A.getalongwithB.comeupwithC.makecontactwithD.putupwith33.—Fionaneverfailstograspanychanceofpromotion.—She’sawomanof.A.ambitionB.attentionC.expectationD.reputation34.Onteacher’sDayweallwenttoschooltoseeourteachers.A.especiallyB.speciallyC.particularlyD.attentively35.Sheisnotindealingwithclassaffairssoherstudentsconsiderherunfairandunreasonable.A.confidentB.conventionalC.controversialD.consistent第二节完型填空WhenIwasgrowingupIwasembarrassedtobeseenwithmyfather.Hewasseriouslycrippled瘸andvery36andwhenwewouldwalktogetherhishand37myarmforbalancepeoplewouldstare.Iwouldbeinwardlyashamedattheunwanted
38.Ifheevernoticedorwasbotheredhenever
39.Itwasdifficulttocoordinate协调our40—hishaltingmineimpatient–andbecauseofthatwedidn’t41muchaswewentalong.Butaswestartedouthealwayssaid“You42thepaceIwilltrytoadjusttoyou.”Ourusualwalkwastoorfromthesubway43washowhegottowork.Hewenttowork44anddespitebadweather.Healmostnevermissedadayandwouldmake45totheofficeevenifotherscouldnot.Amatterofpride.Whensnoworicewasonthegrounditwasimpossibleforhimtowalk46withhelp.AtsuchtimesmysisterorIwouldpullhim47thestreetsofBrooklynNYonachild’ssleightothesubwayentrance.48therehewouldholdYCthehandrailuntilhereachedthe49stepsthatthewarmertunnelairkept
50.InManhattanthesubwaystationwasthebasementofhisofficebuildingandhewouldnothavetogooutsideagainuntilwe51himinBrooklynonhiswayhome.WhenIthinkofitnowIam52athowmuchcourageit53foragrownmantosubjecthimselftosuchindignity侮辱andstress.Andat54hedidit–withoutbitternessor
55.36.A.tallB.strongC.shortD.stupid37.A.onB.aroundC.inD.with38.A.helpB.careC.researchD.attention39.A.letdownB.letonC.letinD.letoff40.A.wordsB.stepsC.actionsD.ways41.A.sayB.doC.actD.think42.A.forceB.setC.standD.keep43.A.thanB.itC.whichD.one44.A.hungryB.safeC.aloneD.sick45.A.himB.themC.anotherD.it46.A.onlyB.evenC.justD.ever47.A.acrossB.overC.intoD.through48.A.OnceB.WhenC.SinceD.Before49.A.lowerB.topperC.cleanerD.harder50.A.hotB.warmC.ice–freeD.snow–covered51.A.pulledB.heldC.metD.found52.A.surprisedB.determinedC.encouragedD.inspired53.A.shouldhavetakenB.hadtakenC.musthavetakenD.takes54.A.whyB.howC.whatD.whether55.A.happinessB.priedC.difficultyD.complaint第三节阅读理解阅读理解由教研室提供AFiveyearsagoDavidSmithworeanexpensivesuittoworkeveryday.“Iwasaclothesaddict.”hejokes.“IusedtocarryafreshsuittoworkwithmesoIcouldchangeifmyclothesgotwrinkled.”TodayDavidwearscasualclothes—khakipantsandasportsshirt—totheoffice.Hehardlyeverwearsanecktie.“Iamworkingharderthanever.”Davidsays“andIneedtofeelcomfortable.”Moreandmorecompaniesareallowingtheirofficeworkerstowearcasualclothestowork.IntheUnitedStatesthechangefromformaltocasualofficewearhasbeengradual.Intheearly1990smanycompaniesallowedtheiremployeestowearcasualclothesonFriday(butonlyonFriday).Thisbecameknownas“dress-downFriday”or“casualFriday”.“Whatstartedoutasanextraone-day-a-weekbenefitforemployeeshasreallybecomeaneverydaything.”saidbusinessconsultantMaislyJones.WhyhavesomanycompaniesstartedallowingtheiremployeestowearcasualclothesOnereasonisthatit’seasierforacompanytoattractnewemployeesifithasacasualdresscode.”“Alotofyoungpeopledon’twanttodressupforwork”saystheownerofasoftwarecompany“soit’shardtohirepeopleifyouhaveaconservative(保守的)dresscode.”Anotherreasonisthatpeopleseemhappierandmoreproductivewhentheyarewearingcomfortableclothes.InastudyconductedbyLeviStraussandCompany85percentofemployerssaidthattheybelievethatcasualdressimprovesemployeemorale(心境,士气).Only4percentofemployerssaidthatcasualdresshasanegativeinfluenceonproductivity.Supportersofcasualofficewearalsoarguethatacasualdresscodehelpsthemsavemoney.“Suitsareexpensiveifyouhavetowearoneeveryday”onepersonsaid.“Forthesameamountofmoneyyoucanbuyalotmorecasualclothes.”56.DavidSmithreferstohimselfashavingbeen“aclothesaddict”because.A.heoftenworekhakipantsandasportsshirtB.hecouldn’tstandacleanappearanceC.hewantedhisclothestolookneatallthetimeD.hedidn’twanttospendmuchmoneyonclothes57.DavidSmithwearscasualclothesnowbecause.A.theymakehimfeelateasewhenworkingB.hecannotaffordtobuyexpensiveclothesC.helookshandsomeincasualclothesD.henolongerworksforanycompany58.AccordingtothispassagewhichofthefollowingstatementsisFALSEA.Manyemployeesdon’tlikeaconservativedresscode.B.Comfortableclothesmakeemployeesmoreproductive.C.Acasualclothescodeiswelcomedbyyoungemployees.D.AlltheemployersintheU.S.areforcasualofficewear.59.AccordingtothispassagewhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEA.Companyworkersstartedtodressdownabouttwentyyearsago.B.Dress-downhasbecomeaneverydayphenomenonsincetheearly90s.C.“Dress-downFriday”wasfirstgivenasafavorfromemployers.D.Manyworkerswanttowearcasualclothestoimpresspeople.60.InthispassagethefollowingadvantagesofcasualofficeweararementionedEXCEPT.A.savingemployees’moneyB.makingemployeesmoreattractiveC.improvingemployees’motivationD.makingemployeeshappierBThe2008BeijingOlympicGamesaredrawingnear.AreyoueagertoenjoywatchingthematchesorstartservingasavolunteerFirstyouneedtoknowaboutaudiencemanners.Thebehaviorofcourtsideaudiencesisconsideredtobeanimportantpartofsportingculture.In2004afterworldchampionStephenHendrylosttoDingJunhuiintheChinaOpenSnookerChampionshipshecomplainedofthenoisefromChinesespectators.Perhapsyouandyourclassmatescouldbewrittenonthebackofthetickets.Readyourticketcarefullybeforeyouleaveremembertotakeawayyoursoftdrinkbottlesandothertrash垃圾.Duringexcitinggamestrytocontrolyourself.Don’tcriticizetheperformanceofplayersandcoaches.Becarefulwithyourwordssincesomemaycauseangeramongotherpeopleintheaudience.Applauseisaspecialformofbodylanguageyoucanusetocommunicatewithplayers.Butyoushoulddoitproperly.Whenplayersfirstappearclapyourhandstogethertowelcomethembutdon’tgoonfortoolong.Afteranexcellentperformanceapplaudwarmly.Ifsomeonefailsyourapplausewillhelpencouragethem.Applauseisnotwelcomehoweverwhileagameisinprogressandplayersneedtokeeptheirconcentration.Varioussportshavevariousrulesfortheaudience.Enjoyingartisticgymnasticsrequiressilence.Butlotsofcheeringcanreallyhelpbasketballandfootballplayers.Snookerandtabletenniscourtsidebehaviorincludesabanonflashphotography.Mobilephonesarenotallowedinshootingcenters.Tobeagoodspectatoryoushouldtaketimetolearnthegame-specificrulesandrelatedcultureofeachevent.61.Whatdoestheunderlinedwork“spectators”meaninthesecondparagraphA.PlayersB.AudiencesC.CoachesD.Organizers62.Whencan’tyouleavethespotofagameA.WhenthegameisgoingonB.WhenthegameisjustoverC.BeforethegamebeginsD.Whenthegameislongover63.WhatshouldyoudoduringanexcitingfootballgameA.ControlyourselfB.KeepquietC.PraisetheplayersD.Cheertheplayers64.Whencan’tyouclapyourhandsA.WhenplayersfirstappearB.WhenanexcellentperformanceisoverC.WhensomeonefailsD.Whenaplayerisfinishingaverydifficultperformance65.WhatisthebesttitleofthistextA.HowtobeagoodaudienceofBeijingOlympicGamesB.HowtosupportplayersatBeijingOlympicGamesC.HowtocontrolyourselfatBeijingOlympicGamesD.HowtobeavolunteeratBeijingOlympicGamesCLondon--Amorningtrainridesawayacrossthechannel.EnglishkidsdiscusstheLiverpoolsfootballteaminaParispub.SomeParisianshavestartedtotraveltoworkinLondon.Inthe19thcenturyCharlesDickenscomparedthetwocitiesLondonandParisinATaleofTwoCities.ThesedaysitmightbeAtaleofOneCity.Astherearefewjobsathomeoverrecentyearsperhaps250000Frenchmenmovedacrossthechannel.Withanunderseatunneltheycouldtravelbetweencitiesinthreehours.TheEuropeanUnionfreedthemfromimmigrationandcustoms.Parisrichinbeautyismorestylish.ButLondonfeelsmorefulloflifeandmorefununtilthepubsshutdown.“FormethedifferenceisthatLondonisrealalive”saidTrevorWheelerafinancialexpert.ChantalJaouenaprofessionaldesigneragrees.“IamFrenchbutI’llstayinLondon”shesaid.Thereisofcoursetheotherview.JulieLenouxisastudentwhomovedtoLondontwoyearsago.“IthinkpeoplelaughmoreinParis”shesaid.“Bothcitieshavechangedbeyondrecognition”saidLarryCollinsanauthorandsometimesaLondoner.Likemostpeoplewhoknowbothcitieswellhefindsthetwonowfittogethercomfortably.“IfirstfellinlovewithParisinthe1950s.Thingsaresomuchmoreorderedandlifeisbetter.”Butcertainlynotcheaper.InsomepartsofLondonrentscanbetwicethoseonAvenueFochinParis.DecidingbetweenLondonandParisrequiresalifestylechoice.LikeDaphneBenoitaFrenchjournalismstudentwithperfectEnglishmanyyoungpeoplearehappytobecloseenoughsotheydon’thavetochoose.“IloveParismylittleneighborhoodthewayIcanwalkaroundacentrebutlifeistooorganized”shesaid.“InLondonyoucanbewhoeveryouwant.Noonecares.”66.Itcanbeinferredthat___________.A.ParisandLondonarethetwobiggestcitiesintheworldB.Inthe19thcenturyDickenstoldhisstoriesinthetwocitiesC.LondonandParisusedtobeseparatedD.LiverpoolisabigcityinFrance67.AccordingtothispassagewhichofthefollowingisTRUEA.PeoplefeelitdifficulttofindajobinParis.B.PeoplecanttraveltoLondonwithoutapassport.C.LivinginFranceismoreexpensivethaninLondon.D.PeoplecanfindanyjobinLondon.68.Accordingtothispassageweknowthat_________.A.ParisiansenjoyEnglishfoodmorethantheirownB.LondonersseldomtraveltoParisonholidaysC.bothcitieshavetheiradvantagesD.youngpeopleprefertoliveinLondon69.WhichcityisbettertoliveinaccordingtothepassageA.Paris.B.London.C.Bothcities.D.Itjustdepends.70.What’sthemeaningofthelasttwosentencesA.PeoplecandoeverythinginLondon.B.PeoplewillfeellonelyinLondon.C.PeopleinLondonenjoylivingindifferentways.D.PeopleinLondonenjoyalawlesslife.DThishotelinthetreesisfamousintheworld.Peop1ewhoknowverylittleaboutKenyaknowofTreetops.WhenKingGeorgeVIdiedPrincessElizabethwasstayingontheTreetopsandwhenshecamedownfromthere“Shesucceededhimasthequeenofthecountry”.ThishotelinthemiddleoftheforestshowsthepleasureofAfrica.WhenyouvisitityouwillbesentintotheheartoftheforestbyhotelbusesandthenaguidewithaguntoprotectyouagainstbiggamewillgowithyoutotheTreetops.Beforeandafterdinnerforthewholenightifyouwishyoucansitonthecorridor走廊watchinganimalscometothewaterpool.TheearliesthotelTreetopswasbuiltroundalargetreeontheoppositesideofthewaterbutthatwasdestroyedbyfireandthenewhotelTreetopswhichisbuiltroundseveraltreesismuchbigger.ThediningroomatTreetopsissmallandthewaiterscannotwalkroundtoserveguestsaclever“railwayservice”hasbeeninvented.Gueststaketheirfoodasitpassesslowlyinfrontofthemalongalineinthecenterofthetable.TherearemanyanimalsaroundtheTreetops.Whenyouvisitthemyoucansee:---Animalsandtheirbabiesarewaitingtogreettheguests.---AnimalsenjoyingtheTreetopspoolinthedaylight.---Alongbodiedlongringtailedveryactivecat-likeanimalisaspecialonecomingoutatnight.Hehuntsandeatsanythinghecanoverpowerandisverydestructive.HelivesinthetreesatTreetops.Hecomesforhisfoodeveryevening.Donotgettooneartohimashisteethandclaws(爪)candoyouharm.Theseanimalscanbetrainedandbecomelovelypets.---Someotheranimalswhohaveathickcoatingoffurtokeepthemwarminthecoldforestnights.---Manybuffaloes(水牛)comingtotheTreetopsforwaterandsaltduringthedayornight.71.“Shesucceededinbecomingthequeenofthecountry.”Inthissentence“succeeded”means_______.A.didwhatshewastryingtodoB.gainedherpurposeC.gotapositiononthedeathoftheKingD.completedaneasytask72.Accordingtothepassage“railwayservice”actuallyrefersto__________.A.theserviceprovidedattherailwaystationB.thesupplyoffoodonthetrainC.theserviceprovidedalongtherailwayD.thesupplyoffoodalongamovingline73.Whichofthefollowingstatementsabout“thecat-likeanimal”describedinthepassageisNOTtrueA.Itcomesforfoodonlyatnight.B.ItlivesinthetreesatTreetops.C.Itsteethandclawscandopeopleharm.D.Itcancatchanyotheranimalintheforest.74.Accordingtothepassage.Treetopsisfamousintheworldbecause________.A.itshowsthepleasureofAmericaB.PrincessElizabethgottothecrownwhencomingdownfromthereC.itisbuiltroundseveraltreesD.therearemanyanimalsthatcanbetrainedandbecomelovelypets75.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethattheguests____.A.shouldnotplaygamesontheTreetopsB.couldnotsitonthecorridoratnightC.couldenjoytheirdinnerinthediningroomD.shouldkeepoffthecat-likeanimals第四节阅读表达DoyouwanttoworkwithpeopleoranimalsormachinesortoolsDoyouwanttoworkindoorsoroutdoorsdirectlyservepeopleinneedorservepeoplebehindthescenesThesearethetypicalquestionsthatavolunteerserviceagencywouldask.Everyyearthousandsandthousandsofpeopleinthewestoffervolunteerservices.Volunteeringgreatlystrengthensthecommunitypartlybecauseithelpstheoldtheyoungtheweakthesickthedisabledandtheinjuredtoovercomedifficulties.Volunteersusuallyhelpinmanydifferentways.Themaygivepeopleadviceofferfriendshiptotheyoungdrivetheelderlytochurchcounselkidsagainstdrugs.Workasanassistantinaschoolornursinghomeraisefundsplanttreeshelpoutinlocallibrariesanddomanyotherthings.Volunteeringcanbeafewhoursaweekorafewhoursamonthtimeduringthedayeveningsorweekendseitherparttimeorfulltime.Anybodycanbecomeavolunteer.Theartofvolunteeringisaprocessofbothgivingandreceiving.Volunteeringallowsvolunteerstomeetnewpeopleandmakenewfriendsandmixwithpeoplefromallwalksoflife.Volunteeringisanexcellentwaytoexperimentpracticeandtryoutnewtechniquesandskills.Itismuchmoreeffectivetopracticeaskillthantoreadaboutitorstudyitinaclassroom.Volunteeringisagreatwaytodevelopgoodteamworkskillsdiscoveryourindividualtalentsandexplorecareerchoices.Beingavolunteertakesindividualsonawonderfuljourneyandhelpsthemlearnmanyimportantthingsbeyondtheirschoollearning.1.WhatisthebesttitleofthepassagePleaseanswerwithin10words.2.WhichsentenceinthepassagecanbereplacedbythefollowingoneVolunteerservicecanprovidechancesforvolunteerstomakeacquaintanceofallkindsofpeople.3.Pleasefillintheblankinthefourthparagraphwithproperwordsphrasesorsentencetocompletethesentence.Pleaseanswerwithin10words.4.WhatkindofvolunteerjobswouldyouliketotakewhyPleaseanswerwithin30words.5.TranslatetheunderlinedsentenceinthefifthparagraphintoChinese.第五节书面表达2007年高考英语试题将做出一些调整,仅词汇量一项就由过去的两千多提高到三千多词汇是语言学习的基础,只有突破了词汇关,英语学习才能进展顺利如何扩大词汇量、掌握好单词?请谈谈你的做法和打算参考答案21—25CBDAA26—30CDDBB31—35CDABD36—40CADBB41—45ABCDD46—50BDAAC51—55CACBD56-60CADCB61-65BADDA66-70CACDC71-75CDDBD第五部分阅读表达1.VolunteerServiceintheWest2.Volunteeringallowvolunteerstomeetnewpeopleandmakenewfriendsandmixwithpeoplefromallwalkslife.3.whoiswilling/likestoservepeopleinneed4.IliketohelpoutinlocallibrariesbecauseIlikebooksverymuch.I’llarrangetheminagoodordersothatreaderscaneasilyfindwhattheywant5.从事志愿者工作可以引导人走向一条理想的人生之路,学会从课堂中学不到的重要东西第六部分书面表达Howtimeflies!The2007NationalUniversityEntranceExaminationisonlyeightmonthsawayfromnow.AsweknowtherewillbesomechangesintheEnglishexamination.Justtogiveyouanexampleofthevocabulary–studentsareexpectedtohaveacommandofmorethanthreethousandEnglishwordswhichalmostdoublesinthepast.WordsarethebasisofthelanguagesowithoutenoughEnglishwordswehavemuchdifficultyinlisteningspeakingreadingandwriting.Havingalargevocabularyisveryimportantandnecessary.InthepastIdidn’tpaymuchattentiontowordstudyespeciallytowordspellingthinkingthereisnowordtest.AndnowIcometoknowtheimportanceofwords.Iwillspendmoretimestudyingthem.InadditionIwillstrengthentheintensivereadingstudyingthewordsinthecontextstoimprovemyEnglish.经典试题展示
(二)[写作专题由县教研室提供]写作1当前出现一种现象,有些大学一年级学生申请休学一年到公司打工,目的是了解社会所需,使以后的学习目标明确;再者因有工作经历,有利于将来找到理想的工作作为一名高中生,你对此有何感想?请用120—150词叙述一下这种现象,并谈谈你的看法注意休学suspendone’sschooling大学一年级学生freshman参考范文Nowadayssomefreshmenareapplyingtosuspendtheirschoolingforoneyear.Theywanttomakethebestuseofthetimetofindjobsinthecompanies.Throughpracticetheywillgettoknowthesocietybetterwhichwillcertainlyhelpsthemstudywithaclearaimandimprovetheirabilitiesintheuniversity.Ontheotherhanditiseasierforthemtofindjobsaftergraduationbecauseoftheirexperience.Inmyopinionwhattheydoreallyhelpsthemmakeupforthefailingthattheylacksocialexperienceandtheydon’tknowwhatsocietyrequires.Itisinthiswaythattheyarequitesurewhattheywilldoinuniversitytomeetthesociety’sneed.AsaseniorstudentIthinkweshouldtakepartinsomepracticalactivitiesbesideslearninginschoolinordertoknowthesocietybetterandinspireourstudies.写作2简要描述图片内容,结合生活实际,就图片的主题Agirlislearninghowtorideabike.谈谈自己的感想词数120—150参考范文Therearefourpeopleinthepicture.Agirlislearninghowtorideabike.Herparentsandhergrandmotherbeingafraidthatshemightfalloffthebikearetryinghardtosupporther.Themotherisevencarryingafirst–aidbox.Butwiththemaroundherthegirlfindsitverydifficulttolearn.Soshetellsthemtoletherrideitbyherself.Inourreallifewecanseesomethinglikethathappeningeverywhere.Parentslovetheirchildrentoomuch.Theytakecareofeverythingforthem.Theydon’twantthemtotakeanyrisks.Howeverbydoingsotheparentsactuallyhindertheirchildrenfromgrowingupstrongandhealthy.Parentsshouldknowthattreescan’tgrowbigandstronginagreenhouse.写作3下表是对某中学高三一班50个学生健康问题的调查表请根据表格内容,综述学生当前存在的健康问题,并就中学生如何保持身心健康提出自己的建议问题类型学习焦虑逆反心理缺乏交往睡眠不足缺乏锻炼视力不佳人数352015402535比例70%40%30%80%50%70%词数要求:120-150参考范文Asisapparentlyshowninthechartabovemanymiddleschoolstudentshaveproblemsbothphysicallyandmentallywith70%ofstudentshavinglearninganxietiesaswellasbadeyesightandalargerpercentagelackingsleep.Comingnextisthelackofphysicalexercise.40%ofthestudentssurveyedwontobeytheirparentsorteachers.Stillfewerclaimednottohaveenoughcommunicationwithothers.Sofaras1amconcernedwestudentsshouldbalanceourphysicalexerciseandstudies.Justlikeasayinggoes:AllworkbutnoplaymakesJackadullboywithoutasoundbodyonecannotachieveanything;howevertoomuchattentionhasbeenpaidonlytostudies.ThereforeIsuggestwebegivenlesshomeworkandmoretimeforout-of--classroomactivitiestosolvealltheproblems.Onlyinthiswaycanweleadahealthylife.写作4随着经济的发展,许多人为城市未来的交通状况而担忧,你对此持何态度?请写一篇120—150词左右的短文,谈谈自己的见解和设想参考范文TrafficInTheCityWiththedevelopmentofeconomytrafficisbecomingoneofthegreatestproblemsofamoderncity.Oneproblemispollution.Thewastegasesfromtheexhaustpipesaregreatenemiestotheair.Andtherearesomanycarsandbusesinthecitythattheharmtheycausetotheenvironmentisconsiderable.Anotherproblemiscrowdedness.Cityinhabitantsaresofamiliarwithtrafficjamsthattheyarepartoftheirlives.Timewastedontrafficandpeoplearemadeimpatientbytheawfultraffic.Worsethanthattrafficaccidentsarereal-lifedisastersofbloodanddeath.Traffichasbecomeoneofthenightmaresofpeoplelivingincities.Tobuildhighwaysandbridgesonlyworksoutpartoftheproblem.Carsandbusesshouldbeimprovedtogivelesswastegases.Governmentshouldencouragecitizenstotakebusessothatthereislesstrafficonroad.Peopleshouldobeytrafficrulesandtrynottomaketroubleonroad.Cityareashouldbeexpandedsothatthereismorespaceforwideroads.Maybelow-pollutionhigh-efficiencymeansoftrafficshouldbeinvented.Onlyafterwepayenoughattentiontotheproblemwillitbepossibleforustosolveit.写作5高中学习任务非常繁重,因此同学们对于参加学校活动有着不同的看法,请以TakingPartinSchoolActivities为题,根据下列提示,并结合自己的见闻,用英语写一篇120—150字的短文1.部分同学积极参加学校活动,因为……2.另一部分同学则不愿参加,因为……3.我认为……参考范文TakingPartinSchoolActivitiesManystudentsareveryenthusiasticaboutschoolactivities;theyhavetheirreasons.Firstlytheythinkthatlearningfromtextbooksisnottheironlytask.Theybelievethattheyshouldtakeeverychancetogetsomepracticalknowledge.Secondlytheyholdthatafterlonghoursofstudytheycanrelaxthemselvesbyparticipatingschoolactivities.Howeveralargegroupofstudentstakelittleinterestinthemandspendsmostoftheirtimeonstudies.Firsttheybelievethattheyshouldmakefulluseoftimetostudy.Secondtheyfeelthatschoolactivitieshavelittletodowiththeirfurtherdevelopment.AsfarasI’mconcernedIpreferthefirstview.Ononehandwecanlearnagreatdealfromotherstudentswemeetinactivities.Furthermorethemodernsocietyrequiresofyoungstudentsmanyqualitiesso“book-worms”can’tkeepupwiththetimesandlonger.写作6在我国不少地方环境污染仍然比较严重请你用英语给ChinaDaily写一封信反映这一情况,并以“如何使我们的天空更蓝,山岭更绿,河流更清”为主题,提出建议,保护环境,共筑美好家园注意
1.信的开头与结尾已经给出,不计算在总词数内.
2.字数要求:120-
150.DearEditorInsomeplacesinourcountry...参考范文DearEditorInsomeplacesinourcountrythesurroundingsisworseningwiththeairfilledwithheavysmokemanymountainsturningdesertedandriverspulluted.Wasteisscatteredhereandthere.SoIstronglysuggestthatgovernmenttakeeffectivemeasurestostopthis.Firstmorelawsshouldbepassedtoprotectthesurroundings.Factoriesareforbidentosendoutsmokeandpoisonousgasesintotheair.Everyyearmoretreesshouldbeplantedonthemountains.Nooneisallowedtocutdownanytreesorpourwastewaterintotherivers.Anyonewhobreaksthelawshouldbepunishedaccordingly.Secondlythepublicshouldbeclearthatitisashametothrowrubbisharound.Allpeopleshouldformgoodhabitstoprotectthesurroundings.Onlywhenthewholesocietytakesactionswilltheskybecomebluemountainsgreenandriversclear.Thusourhomewillbecomemorebeautiful.YourstrulyLiHua写作7假如你是李明,4月2日早晨7点在你上学的路上目击一起车祸,请你以“AnEyewitnessAccountofaTrafficAccident”为题,根据下图所示,用英语写一份见证书,简要描述你所见到的车祸情况,并对车祸原因进行分析(至少写两点)注意l.词数120左右短文中已写好的部分,不计入词数2.参考词汇(路)滑的slipperyAnEyewitnessAccountofaTrafficAccidentMynameisLiMing.Isawatrafficaccidentonmywaytoschool.参考范文AnEyewitnessAccountofaTrafficAccidentMynameisLiMing.Isawatrafficaccidentonmywaytoschool.Ithappenedatabout7:00onthemorningofApril2nd.Itwasrainingheavily.Twoboyswereridingabiketalkingwitheachother.Theywereholdinganumbrellainonehandandthehandleintheother.Astheyturnedrightacarcameoutatahighspeedturningleftonthecorner.Boththeboysandthedriveractedquicklybutitwastoolate.Oneoftheboyswashitbythecarandbadlyhurt.Inmyopinionthereareseveralreasonsforthistragedy.Firsttheboywasabsent-minded.Hewastalkingallthewaydangerouslyholdinganumbrellawhileriding.Secondthebadweatherandtheslipperyroadmadeithardforthedrivertobringthecartoafullstopsuddenly.Lastthebigtreemadetheroadconditionsinvisiblewhentheyweregoingtomakeaturn.写作8高考是全社会关注的大事,学校和家庭表现尤为突出家庭成员对考生从学习到生活给予无微不至的关怀,结果却给考生带来负面影响根据图画所描述的内容写一篇文章并发表自己的观点夹叙夹议词数120左右AstheCollegeEntranceExaminationisdrawingnear,____________________________________参考范文AstheCollegeEntranceExaminationisdrawingnearthesituationisgettingworseandworse.FromthepicturewecanseethatLiMingisstudyinghard.Therearemanybooksforhimtoreadandmanypapersforhimtodo.Howpoorheis!Atthesametimeallhisfamilyarealsobusyworkingforhim.Nowadaysmanyparentsexpecttoomuchoftheirsonsordaughters.Theyhopethattheirsonsordaughtersstudyhardinordertobeadmittedtoanidealcollegeorakeyuniversity.Itisforthisreasonthatparentsarestrictwiththeirchildren.Howevertheydon’trealizewhattheyhavebecomeaheavyburdenoragreatpressure.Itisthehardworkorthegreatpressurethatchangestheirchildrenthatmuch.SoIhopeparentsprovideaproperenvironmentfortheirchildren.Onlyinthiswaywilltheytrytheirbestandsucceedatlast!本文是夹叙夹议类的文章,主要反映家庭对考生的特别关注给他们带来负面影响在写作过程中,对主题要审准、审清,对发展过程和结果进行叙述经典试题展示
(三)[语法与词汇30题由县教研室提供]21.---Peter_____Mr.Jarvisiswaitingforyouat______maingate.---ThanksI’llgoandmeethimimmediately.A.a;aB.a;theC.the;theD.the;a22.Thousandsoffishhadbeenwasheduponshoretoofarupforthemtomake____backintothewaterbythemselves.A.themB.themselvesC.itD.that23.Themillionairepassedawayleavinghischildrenwithalarge________.A.fortuneB.luckC.moneyD.amount24.TheyarestilldiscussingwhetherI______tothemeetingyesterdaywhichIdon’tthinkwasnecessaryatall.A.cameB.shouldhavecomeC.wouldcomeD.hadcome25.Sheisoverweightbutshecan’t____thetemptationtoeatmoredeliciousfood.A.forbidB.attachC.allowD.resist26.Aftershavingitwilltakemeacoupleofminutesto_____.A.havechangedB.getchangedC.getachangeD.gettochange27.___adviceIgavethemtheywouldstilldoexactlywhattheywantedto.A.WhateverB.HoweverC.WhatD.How28.Don’tpushme!_____youknowthetruthrightawayA.MustB.CouldC.MightD.Would29.Hefinallyrefusedto_____hisplanoftravelingtheworld.A.giveoffB.giveupC.givetoD.givein30.Itwasonlyonthewaybackhomethat_____hewascheatedbythegirl.A.herealizedB.didherealizeC.hewasrealizingD.realizedhe31.Scientistarenotsureaboutthe______ofwaterontheMars.A.occupationB.existenceC.demandD.treasure32.Hedressedupandwenttothepartyasif______.A.wasinvitedB.hadbeeninvitedC.invitedD.tobeinvited33.Beforetheconferenceanewproblemcameup______couldspeakonbehalfofourgroup.A.thatB.whoC.whichD.how34.Thankyouverymuchforthetroubleyouhavetaken_____mewithmyEnglish.A.helpingB.tohelpC.helpD.helped35.Wearenowlivinginahigh-techage____easythingsarebecomingcomplicated.A.whereB.thatC.whenD.why参考答案21-25BCABD26-30BAABA31-35BCBBC
21.—Haveyouseenmynotebook—OhJanemusttakeit_____;shehasthesameoneasyours.A.onpurposeB.bychanceC.byaccidentD.bymistake
22.—Ourplanetakesoffat6oclocktomorrowmorningfromXiaoshanAirport.—______wefailtoarrivethereintime—Ihavenoidea.A.WhatifB.AsifC.OnlyifD.Evenif
23.Theemployeeshavenotbeenpaid_____sincethenewmanagertookoverthiscompanylastmonth.A.regularlyB.normallyC.absolutelyD.ordinarily
24._____youradviceIwouldhavecaughtinthetrafficandIwouldnthavebeenthereontime.A.InspiteofB.ButforC.BecauseofD.Asfor
25.Nomatterhowfrequently_____theworkofBeethovenstillattractpeopleallovertheworld.A.beingperformedB.performingC.tobeperformedD.performed
26.—Aretherulesyoumadeworking—Yes_____studentsarelateforclass.A.FewB.MoreC.SomeD.None
27.Theoldwomanspoketothegirlagainraisinghisvoiceabitbutstill____noanswer.A.receivedB.recevingC.hadreceivedD.toreceive
28.—Isthisthestudioyoureferedto—Rightjusttheone____youknowIusedtoworkforyears.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.what
29.Leadersofmanycountieshavebeentryingto____whatitisthatmakesChinadevelopsofast.A.carryoutB.figureoutC.watchoutD.makeout
30.Wearelookingforwardwithhopeto_____fromMs.Smith.A.hearB.hearingC.heardD.beingheard
31.Theydecidedtochasethecowaway____itdidmoredamage.A.unlessB.untilC.beforeD.although
32.—Iheartherewasaroadaccidentthismorning.—Yes.____carhitatreeand____driverwaskilled.A.A;aB.The;aC.The;theD.A;the
33.Idontknowifyounoticedtheirabsenceornotbutwe______.A.didB.haveC.hadD.were
34.—Fewchildrenareasbrightasheisandalsoheworksveryhard.—Itsno_____healwayswinsfirstplaceineveryexamination.A.doubtB.wonderC.problemD.question
35.—Whatanicedress!—Yes.ThisdressI______500yuanwasmadeinShanghai.A.spentonB.paidforC.boughtforD.cost参考答案21-25DAABD26-30AACBB31-35CDABCFollowyourheartanddon’tletanyonestealyourdreams.Neverignorethelittlewondersoflifewhichwillhelpcreateafullandactivelife.Peopleforgethowfastyoudidajobbuttheyrememberhowwellyoudidit.Tohaveanotherlanguageistopossessasecondsoul.Learningwithoutthoughtislaborlost.20070124。