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阅读理解是英语能力培养的重点项目,是考试的一个重要题型,分值高、题量大阅读理解考查的根本是检验学生对有关信息的__能力阅读理解能力的重要标志是阅读速度和理解力的正确率因此,阅读理解的功夫应下在平时多分析题型,多了解考点,真正做到有的放矢,提高命中率有关阅读理解题目主要有以下几种:主旨大意题干扰项可能是文中某个具体事实或细节干扰项可能是从文中某些不完全的事实或细节片面推出的错误结论干扰项可能属非文章事实的主观臆断正确:据文章全面理解而归纳概括出来的;不能太笼统、言过其实或以偏概全主旨大意题的常见的提问形式:1Whatdoesthewriter__inly____us2Whichofthefollowingcansum__r-isethe__inideaofthistext3Whichofthefollowingbestexpressesthe__inidea4Whichisthesu__ectdiscussedinthetext6What’sthebesttitleforthispassage[练习]---主旨大意题Passage1InspiteofthefactthatcarsfromGer__nyandJapanarefloodingtheAmerican__rketFordGeneralMotorsandChryslerareemployingmoreworkersthaneverbefore.Thefloodofcheaperfor-eigncarshasnotcastAmericanautoworkerstheirjobsassomeexpertspredicted.FordoperatesasfarasAsiaandGeneralMotorsisconsideredAustralian’sbiggestemployer.YetGeneralMotorshasitshugeAmericanworkfor__andemployshundredsofpeopleeverydaytomeettheneedsofaninsatiable不能满足的)society.Question:Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthe__inideaoftheparagraphA.GMisoneofthelargestcarprodu__rs.B.FordoperatesnotonlyintheU.S.A.butalsoinAsia.C.Theforeigncarsh__enottakenawaythejobsofAmericanautoworkers.D.ThefloodofthecheaperforeigncarsisterribleforAmericanautoworkers.【解析】答案为Ctakesth.awayof__.和cast__.sth.的意思相似本段落以
一、二句引出要表达的主题,在主题句出现后,再举例子陈述细节或继续论证寻找主题句往往是做好此类题的关键每段的主题句常在首句、尾句、首尾句、段落中和归纳分析一般都用来表示一个段落的主旨大意事实细节题事实细节题干扰项范围过大、过小干扰项偷换概念干扰项正误并存,某个分句是正确的在阅读理解中,要求查找主要事实和特定细节问题常有以下几种命题方式1)Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue2)Whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedinthetext3)Theauthororthepassagestatesthat___.4)Accordingtothepassagewhenwherewhyhowwhowhatwhichetc.___[练习]---事实细节型Passage2Thehu__nbodyisaliving__chineandlikeall__chinesitneedsfueltosupplyitwithenergy.Thatisthefoodweeat.ButhowmuchdoweneedtostayhealthyTheenergyvalueoffoodisusuallymeasuredincalories.Acalorieistheamountofheatrequiredtoraisethetemperatureof1kgofwaterby1℃.Thenumberofcaloriespeopleneedperdayisdifferentasthechartshows……CALORIES NEEDED PER DAYBaby 750Offi__ worker 2700Child aged 8 2100 Wo__n feeding baby 2700__n over 70 2100Boy aged 16 3000Wo__n 3600Farmer 2600Q1____caloriesarerequiredtoraisethetemperatureof5kgofwaterfrom35℃to90℃.A.55B.175C.325D.275Q2WhichstatementisTRUEaccordingtothechartaboveA. Achildaged8requiresmorethan3timestheamountofcaloriesthatababydoes.B.Aboyaged16requiresnearlytwi__theamountofcaloriesthataboyaged8does.C.Anoffi__workerrequiresthesameamountofcaloriesperdayasawo__nfeedingababydoes.D.Afarmerrequiresnearly
1.5timestheamountofcaloriesthatanoffi__workerdoes.【解析】答案为D根据文章细节内容,计算公式为90-35×5×1=275【解析】答案为C根据文章图表,依次验证A、B、C、D四个答案的内容是否正确很易找出C符合图表内容词义猜测题做题要领1)文中找线索或信息词;2根据熟悉的词及词义判断新单词之意;3)根据上下文判断新词汇在特定句中确切意思
4.特别注意熟词新意!---词义猜测型Q:Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedword“illiterate”A.repeatB.reiteratedC.uneducatedD.sickPassage3:MostwomeninGhana——theeducatedandilliteratetheurbanandruraltheyoungandoldworktoearnanincomeinadditionto__intainingtheirrolesashousewivesandmothers.Theirreputationforeconomicindependen__self-relian__andhardworkiswellknownandwelldeserved应得的,值得的.这段文字中讲到加纳____中的大多数妇女,受过教育的(educated)和没有受过教育的(illiterate);住在城市的(urban)和住在农村的(rural),年轻的(young)和年长的(old)正好是一对对反义词因此选C项推断判断题推理判断题(做题要领)既要求学生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思,又要求学生对__的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作正确的推理判断,力求从__的角度去考虑,不要固守自己的看法或观点推理判断型常见的命题方式有Thepassageimplies暗示that_______.Wecanconclude得出结论fromthepassagethat_____.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferred推论Whatisthetone语气oftheauthorWhatisthepurpose目的ofthispassageThepassageisintendedto_____.Wherewouldthispassagemostprobablyappear【练习】---推理判断型Passage4Thecon__ptn.观念ofpersonalchoi__inrelationtohealthbeh__iorsisanimportantone.About90per__ntofallillnessesmightbepreventableifindividualn.个人__desoundadj.健康的personalhealthchoi__sbaseduponpresentadj.现在的medicalknowledge.Weallenjoyour_______ofchoi__anddonotliketoseeitlimitedwhenitiswithinthelegaladj.法律的andmoralboundariesn.界限ofsociety.ThestructureofAmericansocietyallowsusto__kealmostallourownpersonaldecisionsthat__yaffectourhealth.Ifwedodesirewecan__okedrinkmuchrefusetowearseatbeltseatwhateverfoodwewantandliveacompletelysedentaryadj.久坐的,劳心的lifestylewithoutanyexercise.Q:Thecon__ptofpersonalchoi__abouthealthisimportantbecause____.A.personalhealthchoi__shelpcuremostillnesses.B.ithelpsraisethelevelofourmedicalknowledge.C.itisbasictopersonal_______inAmericansociety.D.wrongdecisionscouldleadtopoorhealth.解析据前两句可以得知,不良的选择会导致健康状况变坏,因此答案选D选出的答案一定要在原文中找到依据或理由,不能只凭常识或自己主观胡乱推测Passage5Ateacherwhocontinuallydrawsattentiontorewardsorwhohandsouthighgradesforordinaryachievementn.成绩endsupwithuninspiredstudents.Eisenbergerholdsvi.认为.Asanexa-mpleofthelatteradj.近来的pointn.观点henotesvi.特别指出growingeffortsat__joruniversitiestotightenv.使变得更紧gradingstandards及格标准andrestorevt.恢复使用failinggrades不及格分数或标准.Q:Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat__joruniversitiesaretryingtotightentheirgradingstandardsbecausetheybelieve_____.rewardingpoorperfor__n__n.成绩__ykillthecreativityofstudents.B.punishmentismoreeffectivethanrewarding.C.failingv.给…不及格uninspiredstudentshelpsimprovetheiroveralladj.全面的academicadj.学校的standards.D.Discouragingvt.使…失去信心thestudents’anticipationn.预期之事物foreasyrewardsisa__tterofurgencyn.紧急.解析:问题是文中Eisenberger举的一个例子通过例证题目的考点分析我们知道一般例子前后总结性的话论点是解决问题的关键这样我们就可以判断出该例要说明的问题……答案:AThetopicsenten__:Ateacherendsupwithuninspiredwithoutcreativitystudents.译:假设老师总让学生__奖励或对表现一般的学生也给高分那么学生们最终都会不求进取没有灵感及想象力总结我们发现命题者越来越注重考查学生把握全文及中心思想的能力及推理判断能力及事实细节题,因此阅读理解题目更为重要的是:主旨大意型事实细节型推理判断型推理判断型词义猜测型事实细节型主旨大意型命题类解题原则忠实于原文上下文及全篇的逻辑关系,决不能主观臆断事实细节型文章中心是论点,事实细节是论据或主要理由;有关细节的问题常对文中某个词语、某句子、某段落等细节及事实进行提问,所提问题一般可直接或间接在文章中找到答案提问的特殊疑问词常有whatwhowhichwherehowwhy等解题方法:原文定位法
1.查读法带着问题寻找答案,把注意力集中在与whowhatwhenwhere问题有关的细节上
2.细心!释义法对文章中的生词用定语(从句)、表语甚至于用逗号、破折号等标点符号引出并加以解释说明情景推断法、代词替代法等同义法常在词或短语之间有并列连词and或or,它们连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的,由此可以推测词义猜测型反义法如hotandcoldgiveandre__ive等,或前句为肯定,后句为否定总之,词与词间都起着互为线索的作用推理判断题高考重头戏,20个题中常有6-8个,着重考查学生归纳概括、逻辑推理等综合能力推理判断型透过现象看本质,领悟__思想倾向、观点、立场、语气及态度等以原文内容为前提,据__的观点理论(非考生观点),客观地对文中未明显说明的现象或事例给予合理的逻辑推断,做出一定解释。