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云计算定义云计算与IT技术云计算使用模式云计算的影响云计算对服务提供商意味着什么云计算对于用户意味着什么云计算基础设施基本特征云计算的关联概念云计算异军突起效用计算云计算和效用计算的比较分布式计算网格计算云计算与网格计算的不同点服务器集群虚拟化云计算存在的难题云计算架构云计算开源项目使用云计算服务的风险18 云计算定义云计算是一种资源交付和使用模式,指通过网络获得应用所需的资源(硬件、平台、软件)提供资源的网络被称为“云”“云”中的资源在使用者看来是可以无限扩展的,并且可以随时获取这种特性经常被比喻为像水电一样使用硬件资源,按需__和使用Cloud computing definitionCloud computing is a resour__ delivery and usage model it means get resour__ Hardware softwarevia network. The network of providing resour__ is called ‘Cloud’. The hardware resour__ in the ‘Cloud’ seems scalable infinitely and can be used whenever.云计算与IT技术云计算是随着处理器技术、虚拟化技术、分布式存储技术、宽带互联网技术和自动化管理技术的发展而产生的. 这种大规模的计算能力通常是由分布式的大规模集群和服务器虚拟化软件搭建Cloud computing and technologyNew advan__s in pro__ssors virtualization technology distributed storage broadband Internet ac__ss auto__ted __nagement and fast inexpensive servers h__e all combined to __ke cloud computing a compelling paradigm.This vast pro__ss power is usually got with a distributed large-scale server cluster and server virtualization software. 云计算使用模式传统的计算模式下,单台台式机的资源用来完成任务在____器模式下,服务器用来执行任务在云计算模式下,网络超级计算机—“云”用来执行任务用户能在任何时间任何地点通过互联网获取计算、存储、网络资源,并且能够按照处理器利用率、存储使用量、带宽消耗付费Cloud computing usage modelIn traditional computing model tasks are completed using a single desktop computer. In the client/serer model tasks are completed using a remote server. In cloud computing model tasks are completed using ‘Cloud’-a network super computer.Cloud computing allows users and companies to pay for and use the servi__s and storage that they need when they need them and as wireless broadband connection options grow where they need them. Customers can be billed based upon server utlilization pro__ssing power used or bandwidth consumed.云计算的影响云计算有可能__软件产业,应用和许可被随时__和生效,应用在网络上而不是本机上运行这种转变将数据中心放在网络的核心位置,而所有的应用所需要的计算能力、存储、带宽、电力都由数据中心提供云计算不仅影响商业模式,还影响__、部署、运行、交付应用的方式Cloud computing impactAs a result cloud computing has the potential to upend the software industry entirely as applications are purchased li__nsed and run over the network instead of a users desktop. This shift will put data __nters and their administrators at the __nter of the distributed network as pro__ssing power electricity bandwidth and storage are all __naged remotely. It affects not only business models but the underlying architecture of how we develop deploy run and deliver applications.云计算对服务提供商意味着什么快速部署缩小主机规模提高资源利用率提高管理效率降低运维成本基础设施可以放置在低土地和能源成本的地区提供商业连续性服务提高服务水平复杂的体系结构商业模式和理念的转变What cloud computing means to servi__ providerFast ProvisionRedu__ servers scaleIncrease resour__ utilization rateImprove __nagement efficiencyLower __intenan__ costLocation of infrastructure in areas with lower costs of real estate and electricityProvide business continuity servi__Improve __nagement efficiencyImprove servi__ levelsComplex architectureChange of business model and faith云计算对于用户意味着什么用户端负载降低降低总体拥有成本可能将应用的__与基础设施维护相对分离可能将程序代码与物理资源分离不需要为一次性任务或罕见的负载状况准备大量设备按需扩展资源使应用具有高可用性快速部署应用按使用付费What cloud computing means to suersLower client workloadLower Total Cost OwnershipSeparation of infrastructure __intenan__ duties from do__in-specific application development•Separation of application code from physical resour__sNot h__e to purchase assets for one-time or infrequent intensive computing tasksExpand resour__ on-de__nd__ke the application h__e high __ailabilityQuickly deploy applicationPay per use云计算基础设施基本特征自愈合多用户使用虚拟化线形扩展资源监控和测量资源注册和发现Cloud computing infrastructure featuresSelf-healingMulti-tenancyVirtualizedLinearly ScalableResour__ Monitor and measureResour__ registration and discovery云计算的关联概念云计算正成为行业中的热点概念它和下面的词汇产生了或多或少的关连网格计算,效用计算,虚拟化,服务器集群,主机租用,主机托管云计算平台普遍用到了虚拟化技术,并且基于一个集群来构建,和网格计算和效用计算以及SaaS有着天然的__,而且被用在IDC行业与主机租用和主机托管业务竞争Cloud computing’s brother buzzwordsCloud computing is becoming one of the next industry buzz words. And it has more or less relation with these words: grid computing utility computing virtualization server cluster Dedicated server Colocation. Cloud computing infrastructure usually use virtualization technology and is built based on a server cluster h__e nature relation to grid computing and utility computing and is use to compete with Dedicated server and Colocation. 云计算异军突起相对与云计算的兄弟概念而言,云计算只是刚刚兴起从Google Trend 获取的信息我们可以看到,云计算在2007年末才被该系统统计,并且一直处于上升趋势而同时,网格计算、效用计算、分布式计算的概念却呈现下降趋势云计算和虚拟化应该会在托管平台上有所作为,而主机租用已经呈现下降趋势Cloud computing break outCompared to its brother buzzwords cloud computing is just beginning. Trends in usage of the terms from Google searches shows Cloud Computing is a relatively new term introdu__d in the past year. There has also been a decline in general interest of Grid Utility and Distributed computing. Cloud Computing and Virtualization are the next hot hosting platforms; the Dedicated server term is slowly starting to lose ground vs. Virtualization and Cloud Computing. 效用计算效用计算是一种提供计算资源的商业模式,用户从计算资源供应商获取和使用计算资源并基于实际使用的资源付费简单说,是一种基于资源使用量的付费模式效用计算主要给用户带来经济效益企业数据中心的资源利用率普遍在20%左右,这主要是因为超额部署—__比平均所需资源更多的硬件一边处理峰值负载,可预计到的或不可预计的效用计算则允许用户只为他们所需要用到并且已经用到的那部分资源付费Utility computingUtility computing is a business model of providing computing resour__, user get and use the computing resour__ from servi__ provider and pay for practically used resour__. To say it simply it is a pri__ model based on resour__ usage quantity. The __in benefit of utility computing is better economics. Corporate data __nters are notoriously underutilized with resour__s such as servers often idle 85 per__nt of the time. This is due to overprovisioning — buying more hardware than is needed on __erage in order to handle peaks such as the opening of the Wall Street trading day or the holiday shopping season to handle expected future loads and to prepare for unanticipated surges in de__nd. Utility computing allows companies to only pay for the computing resour__s they need when they need them.云计算和效用计算的比较效用计算是是一种分发应用所需资源的计费模式 云计算是一种计算模式, 代表了在某种程度上共享资源进行设计、__、部署、运行应用,以及资源的可扩展收缩和对应用连续性的支持效用计算通常需要云计算基础设施支持,但并不是一定需要同样,在云计算之上可以提供效用计算,也可以不采用效用计算Comparison of Utility Computing and Cloud ComputingUtility computing is a business model it is a type of pri__ model to deliver application infrastructure resour__. Cloud computing is a computing model relates to the way we design build deploy and run applications that operate in a sharing resour__s and boasting the ability to dynamically grow shrink and self-heal. Utility computing is often need a cloud computing infrastructure but not must need. Sameness above the cloud computing we can adopt utility computing and we can adopt other pri__ model.分布式计算分布式计算是指在一个松散或严格约束条件下使用一个硬件和软件系统处理任务,这个系统包含多个处理器单元或存储单元,多个并发的过程,多个程序一个程序被分成多个部分,同时在通过网络连接起来的计算机上运行分布式计算类似于并行计算,但并行计算通常用于指一个程序的多个部分同时运行于某台计算机上的多个处理器上所以,分布式计算通常必须处理异构环境、多样化的网络连接、不可预知的网络或计算机错误Distributed ComputingDistributed computing deals with hardware and software systems containing more than one pro__ssing element or storage element concurrent pro__sses or multiple programs running under a loosely or tightly controlled regime.In distributed computing, a program is split up into parts that run simultaneously on multiple computers communicating over a network. Distributed computing is a form of parallel computing but parallel computing is most commonly used to describe program parts running simultaneously on multiple pro__ssors in the same computer. Both types of pro__ssing require dividing a program into parts that can run simultaneously but distributed programs often must deal with heterogeneous enviro__ents network links of varying latencies and unpredictable failures in the network or the computers.网格计算网格计算是指分布式计算中两类比较广泛使用的子类型一类是,在分布式的计算资源支持下作为服务被提供的在线计算或存储另一类是,一个松散连接的计算机网络构成的一个虚拟超级计算机,可以用来执行大规模任务该技术通常被用来通过志愿者计算解决计算敏感型的科研、数学、学术问题,也被商业公司用来进行电子商务和网络服务所需的后台数据处理、经济预测、地震分析等Grid computingGrid computing is a term for either of two broad subcategories of distributed computing: 1 Online computation or storage offered as a servi__ supported by a pool of distributed computing resour__s also known as utility computing on-de__nd computing or cloud computing. Data grids provide controlled sharing and __nagement of large amounts of distributed data often used in combination with computational grids. 2 The creation of a virtual supercomputer composed of a network of loosely-coupled computers acting in con__rt to perform very large tasks. This technology has been applied to computationally-intensive scientific __the__tical and academic problems through volunteer computing and it is used in commercial enterprises for such diverse applications as drug discovery economic forecasting sei__ic ____ysis and back-offi__ data pro__ssing in support of e-commer__ and web servi__s.云计算与网格计算的不同点网格计算强调资源共享,任何人都可以做为请求者使用其它节点的资源,任何人都需要贡献一定资源给其他节点网格计算强调将工作量转移到远程的可用计算资源上云计算强调专有,任何人都可以获取自己的专有资源,并且这些资源是由少数团体提供的,使用者不需要贡献自己的资源在云计算中,计算资源被转换形式去适应工作负载,它支持网格类型应用,也支持非网格环境,比如运行传统或Web
2.0应用的三层网络架构网格计算侧重并行的计算集中性需求,并且难以自动扩展云计算侧重事务性应用,大量的单独的请求,可以实现自动或半自动的扩展Differen__ between Cloudcomputing and grid computingGrid computing emphasizes on resour__ sharing every grid node can apply for resour__ from other nodes and every node should contribute resour__ to the grid. The focus of grid computing is on the ability of moving a workload to the location of theneeded computing resour__s which are mostly remote and are readily __ailable for use.Grids also require applications to conform to the grid software inte_____s.Cloud computing emphasize on proprietary every user out of the cloud can get it’s own private resour__ from the cloud and the cloud resour__ are provided by the specific servi__ provider the user need not contribute its resour__. In a cloud enviro__ent computing resou__s such as servers can be dynamically shaped or carved out from its underlying hardware infrastructure and __de __ailable to a workload. In addition while a cloud does support grid a cloud can also support nongrid enviro__entssuch as a three-tier Web architecture running traditional or Web
2.0 applications.Grid computing emphasizes on computing sensitive task and is difficult to auto__ted scale. Cloud computing emphasizes on transactional application a great amount of separate request and can scale auto__tically or semiauto__tically.服务器集群服务器集群是指将一组服务器关联起来,使它们在外界从很多方面看起来如同一台服务器集群内的服务器之间通常通过局域网连接,通常用来改善性能和可用性,但一般而言比具有同等性能功能和可用性的单台主机具有更低的成本网格通常更加松散连接、异构、地理位置分散,主机之间信任度更低Computer clusterA computer cluster is a group of coupled computers that work together closely so that in __ny respects they can be viewed as though they are a single computer. The components of a cluster are commonly but not always connected to each other through fast local area networks. Clusters are usually deployed to improve perfor__n__ and/or __ailability over that provided by a single computer while typically being much more cost-effective than single computers of comparable speed or __ailability.
[1]Grids tend to be more loosely coupled heterogeneous and geographically dispersed grid computers do not fully trust each other. 虚拟化虚拟化指对计算资源进行抽象的一个广义概念虚拟化对上层应用或用户隐藏了计算资源的底层属性它既包括使单个的资源(比如一个服务器,一个操作系统,一个应用程序,一个存储设备)划分成多个虚拟资源,也包括将多个资源(比如存储设备或服务器)整合成一个虚拟资源虚拟化技术是指实现虚拟化的具体的技术性手段和方法的__性概念虚拟化技术根据对象可以分成存储虚拟化、计算虚拟化、网络虚拟化等计算虚拟化可以分为操作系统级虚拟化,应用程序级,和虚拟机管理器虚拟机管理器分为宿主虚拟机和客户虚拟机VirtualizationVirtualization is a broad term that refers to the abstraction of computer resour__s. Virtualization hides the physical characteristics of computing resour__s from their users be they applications or end users.
[1] This includes __king a single physical resour__ such as a server an operating system an application or storage devi__ appear to function as multiple virtual resour__s; it can also include __king multiple physical resour__s such as storage devi__s or servers appear as a single virtual resour__.
[2]Virtualization technology is a aggregative term of technical means and methods to implement virtualization. It can be divided to __ny types based on o__ects: storage virtualization computing virtualization network virtualization. Computing virtualization include:OS level virtualization application level virtualization hyper visor. Hypervisor include: host vm and guest vm.云计算存在的难题连续高可用性某个集群的失效处理一致性不同集群的同步互操作性和标准化在萌芽和成__,各厂商都试图建立自己的接口API所有构件的扩展信息保密跨地区存储和数据传输可能会引发法律和____性能问题差异化定制问题__障碍Difficulties for cloud computingContinuous high __ailabilityCosistencyInteroperability and standarlizationScalability of all componentsData secrecyLegal and political problem of data store and translation across regionsPerfor__n__ issueDifficulty customizingOrganizational obstacle云计算架构云计算平台一般分为以下几层物理设施,虚拟化,管理,服务提供物理设施被虚拟化,提供一个灵活的资源池体提高资源利用率管理层负责物理资源和虚拟资源池的管理、部署、监控、__等服务提供层组合管理层的功能提供某种形式的服务Cloud computing infrastructure architectureThe physical hardware layer is virtualized to provide a flexible adaptive platform to improve resour__ utilization. The keys to new enterprise data __nter infrastructure servi__s are the next two layers the virtualization enviro__ent and __nagement layer. The combination of these two layers ensure that resour__s in a data __nter are efficiently __naged and can be provisioned deployed and configured rapidly.云计算开源项目Eno__li__ convirt redhat genome hyperVM lxlabs LN OpenNEbula reservoir-fp7 scalreucalyptusganetigplhost,ovirt Useful open sour__ projects to build cloud platform:Kenso hyperic virt-P2V使用云计算服务的风险优先访问权风险管理权限风险数据处所风险数据隔离风险 数据恢复风险调查支持风险__发展风险Potencial issues in cloud computingPrivileged user ac__ss.Regulatory complian__.Data location.Data segregation.Recovery.Investigative support.Long-term viability.。