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定语从句定语从句(AttributiveClauses)在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,被修饰的名词词组或代词即先行词定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出 关系代词有whowhomwhosethatwhich等 关系副词有whenwherewhy等重点掌握1.判断关系代词与关系副词方法一用关系代词,还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词及物动词后面无宾语,就必须要求用关系代词;而不及物动词则要求用关系副词例如 ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIstayedlastyear. IllneverforgetthedayswhenIworkedtogetherwithyou. 判断 (错)ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIvisitedlastyear. (错)IwillneverforgetthedayswhenIspentinthecountryside. (对)ThisisthemountainvillagewhichIvisitedlastyear. (对)IllneverforgetthedayswhichIspentinthecountryside. 习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词wherewhen__在一起此两题错在关系词的误用上方法二准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分主、谓、宾、定、状,也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词例
1.Isthismuseum___youvisitedafewdaysage A.where B.that C.onwhich D.theone(答案D)例
2.Isthisthemuseum____theexhibitionwasheld. A.where B.that C.onwhich D.theone(答案A) 关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分,先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时,选择关系代词whowhomthatwhichwhose;先行词在从句中做状语时,应选择关系副词where地点状语,when时间状语,why原因状语2.介词+关系词1)介词后面的关系词不能省略2)that前不能有介词3)某些在从句中充当时间,地点或原因状语的介词+关系词结构可以同关系副词when和where互换如ThisisthehouseinwhichIlivedtwoyearsago.ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.DoyourememberthedayonwhichyoujoinedourclubDoyourememberthedaywhenyoujoinedourclub3.aswhich引导非限定性定语从句由aswhich引导的非限定性定语从句,as和which可代整个主句,相当于andthis或andthatAs一般放在句首,which在句中如Asweknow__okingisharmfultooneshealth.Thesunheatstheearthwhichisveryimportanttous. 例题 1)Ali__re__ivedaninvitationfromherboss___cameasasurprise.A.it B.that C.which D.he(答案C)2)Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood___wasmorethanwecouldexpect.A.what B.which C.that D.it(答案B)3)Itrainedhardyesterday____preventedmefromgoingtothepark..A.that B.which C.as D.it(答案B) as和which在引导非限制性定语从句时,这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思,且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语但不同之处主要有两点1as引导的定语从句可置于句首,而which不可2as代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时,从句中的谓语必须是系动词;若为行为动词,则从句中的关系代词只能用which.As的用法看下列例句例
1.Ih__egotintothesametroubleashehas.thesame…as;such…as中的as是一种固定结构和……一样……例
2. 1Asweknow__okingisharmfultooneshealth.as作know的宾语2Asisknown__okingisharmfultooneshealth.as充当从句的主语As是关系代词可引导非限制性从句As表“正如”4.先行词和关系词二合一1Whoeverspitsinpublicwillbepunishedhere. Whoever可以用anyonewho代替2Theparentswillusewhattheyh__etosendtheirsontotechnicalschool. what可以用allthat代替
5.关系代词that的用法1)不用that的情况
(1)在引导非限定性定语从句时错Thetreethatisfourhundredyearsoldisveryfamoushere.
(2)介词后不能用 Wedependonthelandfromwhichwegetourfood. Wedependonthelandthat/whichwegetourfoodfrom.2)只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况
(1)在therebe句型中,只用that,不用which
(2)在不定代词,如anythingnothingtheoneallmuchfewanylittle等作先行词时,只用that,不用which
(3)先行词有theonlythevery修饰时,只用that
(4)先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时,只用that.
(5)先行词既有人,又有物时举例Allthatisneededisasupplyofoil.所需的只是供油问题Finallythethiefhandedeverythingthathehadstolentothepoli__. 那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了__定语从句练习
1.Isthereashoparound_______IcangetapackofcigarettesA.whichB.whereC.thatD.what
2._______hu__nbeingsliveingreatnumbersthewatersareverylikelytobepolluted.A.ThatB.WhereC.WhyD.But
3.Itwasinthe__allhouse_____wasbuiltwithstonesbyhisfather_____hespenthischildhood.A.which;thatB.that;whereC.which;whichD.that;which
4.--_______yougottoknowmytelephonenumber–Throughafriendofyours.A.HowwasitB.WhatwasitC.HowwasitthatD.Whatwasitthat
5.WhenItrytofind_____thatpreventsso__nypeoplefromtakingpartintheprogramitseemstomethattherearetwo__incauses.A.whatitisB.whatitdoesC.whyitdoesD.whyitis
6.John’sparentskept____inghimtogiveup__okingbut_____didn’thelp.A.heB.itC.whichD.who
7.Theyh__easonandtwodaughters____liveinthiscity.A.allofthemB.bothofthemC.everybodyofwhomD.allofwhom
8.Theyh__easonandtwodaughtersand____liveinthiscity.A.allofthemB.bothofthemC.everybodyofwhomD.allofwhom
9.Mr.__ithwassoangrythathekickedachairandbrokeoneofitslegs____wasratherfunny.A.不填B.itC.thatD.which
10._____thesailorsreturnedtwentydayslaterilltiredandunhappy.A.ItisreportedthatB.AsisreportedC.WhichisreportedD.Whatisreported
11._____thesailorsreturnedtwentydayslaterilltiredandunhappy.A.ItisreportedthatB.AsisreportedC.WhichisreportedD.Whatisreported
12.Thefact_____shedoesn’tknowtheresultoftheexaminationisclear.A.thatB.whichC.不填D.aboutwhich。