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英语的句子按使用目的可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句1) 陈述句说明一个事实或陈述一种看法有肯定句和否定句之分2) 疑问句提出问题有以下四种a. 一般疑问句) Can you finish the work in time 你能按时完成工作吗?b. 特殊疑问句Where do you live 你住那儿? How do you know that 你怎么知道那件事?c. 选择疑问句Do you want tea or coffee 你是要茶还是要咖啡?d. 反意疑问句 He doesnt know her does he 他不认识她,对不对?3) 祈使句提出请求,建议或发出命令,例如Sit down please. 请坐 Dont be nervous! 别紧张!4) 感叹句表示说话人惊奇、喜悦、愤怒等情绪,例如 What good news it is! 多好的消息啊!A.简单句的五种基本句型a.主语+连系动词+表语S+Link-V+P此句型中的谓语动词为连系动词,作表语成分的有形容词、名词、代词、分词、不定式介词短语等常见的系动词有befeeltaste__ellsoundseemlook看起来,get变,become变turn变等1)The story sounds interesting. 那个故事听起来很有趣2) Her dream has come true. 她的梦想实现了3)Mybooksareonthedesk.我的书在书桌上4)Thefoodseemstobeni__.这食物似乎不错
1. 李甜甜是个聪明的女孩Sheisasweet/clevergirl.
2. 张飞在三年级六班 ZhangFeiisinClassTwoGradeThree.
3. 早起有益于身体健康 Gettingupearly/earlyrisingishelpfulforourhealth.
4. 这些玫瑰花闻起来很香These__ellsfragrant/ni__.b.主语+不及物动词S+V在此句型中,谓语动词是不及物动词,其后没有宾语因为此句型中的动词表达的意思已经很明确,所以不需要跟宾语有时为了表示动作发生的频率、程度、原因、结果、目的、场所、时间等,可以带状语修饰动词如1)Myheadaches.我头疼2)Thestudentsarelistening.学生们正在听3We study hard. 我们努力学习4 The red sun rises in the east. 一轮红日从东方升起5 The Second World War broke out in
1939. 1939年爆发了第二次世界大战6 The boy looked out of the window. 那个男孩朝窗外看去主语和不及物动词短语是组成本句型不可缺少的必要成分在实际运用中不及物动词往往与副词、介词及其它相关成分有相对稳定的搭配关系
1. 我们的英语老师教得很好
2. 五年前宋杰住在合肥
3. 一天她欢快地走进我的__
4. 你们打算乘飞机还是乘船旅行 c.主语+及物动词+宾语S+V+O该句型中的谓语动词是及物动词,其后必须跟宾语才能使句意表达完整、准确宾语可以由名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语充当如动词的-ing形式、动词不定式或从句等.1Ifinishedreadingthebook.我读完了这本书2Doyoulikeapples?你喜欢苹果吗?3Wediscusseditatthemeetinglastweek.上周我们在会上讨论过那件事4Hedecidedtobuyacomputer.他决定买一台电脑5We love China. 我们爱中国6They enjoyed themselves very much last night. 他们昨天晚上玩得很开心注不及物动词与介词连用时,其后也可跟宾语例如AnniswaitingforKateatschoolgate.安正在校门口等凯特主语和及物动词及其宾语是本句型的主干至于及物动词则既可以是单个的及物动词也可以是短语动词
1. 她每天晚上看电视
2. 这本书胡珊珊读过多次了
3. 明天下午我们将进行英语考试
4. 大多数人很喜欢轻音乐softmusic
5. 她几乎不知道该如何写作文d.主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语S+V+IO+DO英语中有些及物动词能跟双宾语即间接宾语指人和直接宾语指物通常情况下间接宾语在前,直接宾语在后能跟双宾语的动词常见的有ask bring take buy cost fetch give hand pass lend offer pay read s__e send show teach ____ write等有时也可把间接宾语置于直接宾语后,此时间接宾语前需加介词for或to1Couldyoupassmethesalt=Couldyoupassthesalttome 请你把盐给我好吗?2UncleWang__dethefarmers__ny__chines.=UncleWang__de__ny__chinesforthefarmers.王叔叔给农民们制造了很多机器3Zhou Nan lent me some money....some money to me. 周楠借给我一些钱4Mother bought me a new dress. ...a new dress for me. 妈妈给我买了一件新衣服5The evening dress cost her forty dollars. 这件晚礼服花了她四十美元 6The girl asked me whether I could repair the bike. 那个女孩问我是否会修理自行车直接宾语为句子 7He told me how to __ke a chair. 他告诉我如何做椅子直接宾语为不定式注1.间接宾语后置与for连用的动词有buy__kecookgetchoosesingfind等例如UncleLiboughtmeabirthdaypresent.=UncleLiboughtabirthdaypresentforme.李叔叔给我买了一件生日礼物2.间接宾语后置与to连用的动词有givelendteachtakereturnsendpass等例如Pleasepasshimacupoftea.=Pleasepassacupofteatohim. 请递给他一杯茶3.间接宾语后置既可与for也可与to连用的动词有dole__ewritebring等例如Hebroughtmeadictionary.=Hebroughtadictionaryfor/tome.他给我带来了一本词典(bring和take的区别)注若直接宾语是人称代词时,通常情况下将其置于间接宾语之前例如误Pleasegivemethem.正Pleasegivethemtome.
1. 刘江给了我一朵红玫瑰
2. 她给我做了一件漂亮衣服
3. 这项工作花了我们半个小时
4.吴老师给我们提出了一些有关英语学习的建议e.主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语S+V+O+C英语中有些及物动词除能跟宾语外有时还须加一个补足语句意才能完整宾语补足语的作用是说明宾语的动作或状态作宾语补足语的主要是名词、形容词、动词不定式和分词副词和介词短语等也可以用作宾语补足语本句型中的宾语 + 宾语补足语也可称之为复合宾语宾语和宾语补足语之间有着逻辑上的主谓关系因此逻辑上的主谓关系乃是本句型的特点它不同于第四基本句型中的间接宾语 + 直接宾语间接宾语 + 直接宾语之间并无逻辑上的主谓关系1We elected Liu Lei monitor. 我们选刘磊当班长(electchooseappoint__kecallname等词后面跟表示职位的名词做宾语补足语时,职位名词前不要冠词)2The news __de him unhappy. 这个消息使他很不愉快3You shouldnt let him go there alone. 你不应当让他一个人去那儿 4I had the bike repaired. 我找人把自行车修好了5 I feel it very pleasant to be with your family. 我感到跟你们一家人在一起很愉快 6请保持教室清洁7她让我再给他打个__1.后跟名词作宾语补足语的动词有callname__kechoosethink,electappoint等例如WecallhimTomforshort.我们简称他为汤姆2.后跟形容词做宾语补足语的动词有keep__kefindgetthink等例如It’sveryhothere.We’dbetterkeepthewindowsopen.这儿很热我们最好让窗子开着3.动词不定式做宾语补足语有以下三种情况1后跟带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词常有ask____teachwishtrouble等例如Hetoldustokeepquietinthehospital.他告诉我们在医院里要保持安静2后跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词可归纳为感官动词“一听hear”、“二看seewatch”、“三感觉(feelnoti__findobserve)使役动词leth__e加__ke”,例如Letmetryagain.让我再试试Ioftenhearhersinginthenextroom.我经常听到她在隔壁唱歌感官动词hearseewatchfeelnoti__observe等后既可接不带to的不定式作宾补,也可用v-ing形式作宾补前者表示动作已结束,后者表示动作正在发生试比较
1.Hesawagirlgetonthebus. 他看见一个女孩上车了(上车的动作已经结束)
2.Hesawagirlgettingonthebus. 他看见一个女孩在上车上车的动作正在进行3help后跟不定式作宾语补足语时,不定式既可带to也可不带to例如MyfatheroftenhelpsmetostudyEnglish.我父亲经常帮我学习英语4.后跟动词的-ing形式作宾语补足语的动词有feelhearseewatchkeepfind等例如:Wefounda__nlyingontheground.我们发现一个男人躺在地上5.后跟介词短语作宾语补足语的动词有keepfindtake等例如I’llkeepthewordsinmymind.我将记住这些话【练习题】
0632.Myteacher’svoi__________sweet.Wealllikehersongs.A.feelsB.__ellC.looksD.sounds
(05)
33. Whenautumncomessometreele__es_______red.A.sound B.turn C.__ell D.taste
(04)
40.Howtheflowers__ell!A.wellB.ni__C.badlyD.hard-WhatdoyouthinkofthemusicEric-It___________wonderful.A.__ellsB.looksC.tastesD.sounds
4.
0635.–Wouldyouliketogotothecine__withme-__________.A.YesImustB.YesIcanC.YesI__yD.YesI’dliketo
5.
(05)
35. —Shallweh__eadrinkwhenyoufinishyourtalk— _________.A.Noyoucan’t B.Allright C.You’rewelcome D.Youneedn’tdothat
6.200029.-Wouldyouliketocometomybirthday_____nextSunday -Ohthanksalot._________. A.Yesplease B.YesIwould C.I’dloveto D.I’venoideatherebe句型本句型表示人或事物存在的概念一般译作有但应注意与表示具有概念的有h__e的区别例如:I h__e two birds. 我有两只鸟鸟为我所有There are two birds in the cage. 笼子里有两只鸟 鸟在笼子里本句型句首的 There只是一个引导词本身并无任何词汇意义句子的主语是处于动词 be 后的那个名词动词 be 的人称和数应同其后的主语取得一致动词 be 的时态随具体情况而变化注意:动词 be 要和其后的主语取得一致如果是单个的主语动词 be则随这个主语的数和人称而变化如果是并列的主语动词be一般随最靠近be的那个主语的人称和数而变化反意问句的疑问句部分要用isn’tthere或aren’tthere在本句型中还可将谓语动词be换成某些表示来往存在发生之类的不及物动词如 arrive come go exist happen live re__in seem stand 等
1. There is a dictionary on the desk. 桌上有一本字典
2. There will be a sports meet next week. 下周将__运动会
3. There stands a big tree in front of the classroom. 教室前面有一棵大树
4. There used to be a shop on the corner of the street. 以前在街的这个拐角有一个商店【therebe句型专练】1.There________ noteainthecup. A.is B.are C.has D.be2.There ________inthenextroom. A.isTom B.aresomeboys C.arethey D.istheboy3.Thereissome ________ ontheplate. A.apple B.bread C.banana D.sandwich4.There________ somepaperandapenonthedesk. A.is B.are C.h__e D.has5.There________ aschoolatthefootofthehill. A.h__e B.stand C.are D.stands6.Theresgoingto________ intomorrowsnewspapers. A.h__esomethingnew B.h__enewsomething C.besomethingnew D.benewsomething7.Thereissomemilkinthebottle,________? A.isntthere B.arentthere C.isntit D.arethere8.________isthereonthetable? A.How__nyapples B.Howmuchbread C.Howmuchbreads D.How__nyfood9.Therearesixtyminutesin________ hour. A.an B.the C.a D./10.Thereis________ oldwo__ninthecar. A.× B.a C.the D.an11.Theres________ orangetreebehind________ house. A.an;the B.a;a C.the;the12.Thereis __________pintheclassroom.__________pisonthewall. A.a;A B.the;The C.a;The D.the;A13.Thereis________“f”and________“u”intheword“four”. A.an;a B.a;a C.an;an D.a;an14.There________ notanywaterintheglass. A.has B.is C.are15.There________ afootball__tchinourschoolthisafternoon. A.aregoingtoh__e B.isgoingtoh__e C.aregoingtobe D.isgoingtobe16.There________ anappleandtenbananasinthebasket.Youcantakeanyofthem. A.are B.is C.has D.h__e17.________anyflowersonbothsidesofthestreet? A.Isthere B.Arethere C.Has D.H__e18.There________ greatchangesinourcountrysin__1979. A.h__ebeen B.were C.hasbeen D.are19.Thereislittlewaterintheglass,________? A.isntthereB.isntit C.isit D.isthere20.—Thereisnoairorwateronthemoon,isthere? —________. A.Yes,thereare B.No,thereisnt C.Yes,thereisnt D.No,thereis21.Thereisnt________ paperinthebox.Willyougoandgetsomeforme? A.any B.some C.a D.an22.There________ somewaterinthebottle. A.are B.is C.has D.h__e23.How__ny ________arethereinyourclassroom? A.desks B.desk C.chair D.door24.There________ somethingwrongwithmycar. A.are B.has C.is D.h__e25.There________ apencilandtwopensinthepencil-box. A.are B.has C.h__e D.is祈使句和感叹句
1、 祈使句英语中的祈使句常常用来表示请求、命令、建议、劝告和号召等意对祈使句的考查已成为近几年高考英语的一个热点其肯定形式是由动词原形开头,否定形式是在动词原形之前加Dont祈使句的主语通常是you,但一般并不说出祈使句的句末用感叹号或句号,朗读时,用降调为了使语气婉转、客气,常在句首或句末加上please现将其常见类型和考点归纳如下祈使句有四种句型1.B型Be+表语(名词、形容词等)如 Beagoodboy!做个乖孩子!Bequietplease!请安静!2.V型V(行为动词)+宾语也叫Do型祈使句这类祈使句在英语中最为常见这类句子常以动词原形开头,末尾用感叹号或句号(V若为不及物动词,则无宾语)+其它成分如Lookafterthiscat,please.请照看一下这只猫Cometoschoolinyournewclothestomorrow!明天穿上新衣服到学校Hurryup!赶快!有时与please连用,增加“请求”的意味如Pleasetakeaseat!Sitdownplease!有时为了加强语气,可以在动词前加do如Dobecareful!Dolistentoyourteacher! Do型祈使句构成反意疑问句时,附加问句常用willyou,有时也可用won’tyou或canyou等如Bequietpleasewillyou/won’tyouGivemeahandwillyou3.L型Let+宾语(第
一、第三人称宾格)+动词原形+其它成分如 1.Let’s祈使句的主语是we,指说话者和听者双方,表示建议如Let’sgotothecine__tonight. 2.Letus/me祈使句的主语是you,表示请求如Letmeh__ealookatyournewmotor.Letmetryagain.
3.Lethim/her祈使句的主语是you,表示请求Lethim/hercarrytheboxupstairs.用let的祈使句时,必须注意下列几点
一、let的否定句有二如果宾语是第三人称用Dontlet.....,如果宾语是第一人称,则用Let......notDontletthistypeofthingshappenagain.Itsrainingnow.Letsnotgooutuntilaftertherain.
二、Let只适用于现在时态,可以有被动语态thepassivevoi__,如 Letthecriminalsbesenttoprison.
三、Let后头除了是不带to的不定式动词之外,还可以是某些适当的副词,如outindownalone等 Letthepuppyout. Openthewindowsandletthefreshairin. Theroomistoosunny.Lettheblindsdown. Letmealoneplease.
四、用Lets时,把谈话者的对象包括在内;用Letus时,并不包括对方,如 Letstryitshallwe Letusdoitbyourselveswillyou从上面句子里的shallwe和willyou,不难知道前者包括听话人,后者并没有4.D型Dont+动词原形+其它成分如1.一般来说,祈使句的否定形式是在动词前边加don’t如Don’tdothatagain.Pleasedon’tbelateagain. 2.有时在动词前边加never,起加强语气的作用如Neverplaywithfire.Neverwasteanythingandaboveallneverwastetime. 3.Don’t型祈使句构成反意疑问句时,附加问句常用willyou如Don’tbenoisywillyouNeverforgettobringyourIDCardwhentr__elingwillyou Dontgotherenow.Pleasedon’tplaywithfire./Don’tplaywithfireplease.请别玩火Don’tletthechildrenplayfootballontheroad.不要让孩子们在马路上踢球Let’snotwaitoutsidethegate.咱们别在门外等另外祈使句还有一些形式A.含主语型祈使句 1.有时为了强调、对比或表示说话人的意愿、情绪或者安排工作,祈使句需要带上主语如Yougoaway.Everyoneshutthemouth.Yougirlscleanthewindowsandyouboyswashthefloor. 2.含主语型祈使句构成反意疑问句时,用法与Do型祈使句一致如Everyonesitdownwillyou B.无动词型祈使句 有时可以省略祈使句的动词,成为无动词祈使句如 Tothebusstop. Justaminuteplease. No__oking. C.条件祈使句 祈使句还可以用来表示条件,用于“祈使句+and/or+并列分句”句型,相当于“if条件句+主句”如 Useyourheadandyouwillh__eagoodidea. =Ifyouuseyourheadyouwillh__eagoodidea. Hurryuporwe’llbelate.=Ifwedon’thurryupwewillbelate.D.祈使句式的肯定式前加do可起强调作用意为“务必;一定”等例如Docomeplease请一定来!Do____herthething.务必告诉她此事注祈使语气委婉的句型1“Will/Would/Can/Couldyouplease+v.动词原形”Will/Would/Can/Couldyoupleasegiveusinstructionsforusingthelab请给我们讲讲使用实验室的规则吧,好吗?2“Wouldyoumind+v-ing动名词”Wouldyoumindallowingustousethebasinbythesideofthecupboard请允许我们使用器皿柜旁边的洗脸盆,好吗?3“Whynot+v.动词原形”Whynotdoasyourteacher____syouto___不按你们老师吩咐的去做呢?4“祈使句+附加疑问句?”
①“Letusdo…willyou/wontyou”Letusdotheexperimentourselveswill/wontyou允许我们自己作实验,好吗?
②“Letsdo…shallwe/shantwe”Lets__kesurethelightsareturnedoffandthedoorislockedshall/shantwe让我们核实一下关灯和锁门的事吧,好吗?
③“Letmedo…willyou/wontyou/__yI”让我替你收拾实验室,好吗?
④“Do…will/wont/wouldyou/can/cant/couldyou”Showmehowtousethiswaterpumpwontyou教我怎样使用这台抽水泵,好吗?
⑤“Dontdo…willyou”别碰我书桌上的文件,好吗?Model现在停止吹气,你就会发现玻璃又明净了Nowstopblowing,andsoonyouwillfindtheglassclearagain,1动动脑筋,你就会想出更好的办法来,2再问问她,她就会告诉你的3下午把书带来,我替你还【祈使句专项练习】I.用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空
1.It’sanimportantmeeting.__________notbelate.
2.____________not__keanynise!Yourmotherissleeping.
3.____________notspeakwithyourmouthfulloffoodand____________bepolite.
4.____________nottalkand____________readaloud.
5.____________notle__eyourhomeworkfortomorrowLarry.
6.____________lookout!Acariscoming.
7.____________giveustenyearsandjustseewhatourcountrywillbelike.
8.____________notletthebabycry.
9.Wearmoreclothesoryou____________catchacold.
10.Let’s____________notsayanythingaboutit.II.选择填空
1.Herdoctorsaid:“________worksohard”AStopBDon’tCCan’tDNo
2.Sindy________tobehereat8o’clockAissureBissurethatCwillbesureDbesure
3.________whenyoucrosstheroad.ADocareBCareCDobecarefulDTobecareful
4.________himthesecretwillyouADon’t____BNotto____CNot____ingDNo____ing
5.________inbed.It’sbadforyoureyes.ANottoreadBDon’treadCDon’ttoreadDNotread
6.________Yourchild.We’lllookafterhim.ANottoworryaboutBDon’tworryaboutCNotworryforDDon’tworrywith
7.Theyareverytired.Why________h__earestAnottheyBdonottheyCdon’ttheyDnotto8--Youlookrathertired.________stoppingtoh__earest--Allright.AWhynotBHowaboutCWhynottoDwhydon’t9__________alie.AHardlyBNotCNoDNever
10.Please________lookoutside.Lookattheblackboard.AnotBdon’tCaren’tDcan’t
11.Whydon’tyoujoinusinthegameAWhatnotBWhynotCWhytoDHowto12______goforthebookaloneMsZhang.ALet’sBLetmeCLetusDAllow13Johnreadthetextforus________AdoesheBwillheCdoyouDwillyou
14.Let’sdoitaton__________AshallweBwillyouCdoweDdoyou
15.Letusdoitaton__________AshallweBwillyouCdoweDdoyou感叹句
一、感叹句通常有whathow引导,表示赞美、惊叹、喜悦、等感情what修饰名词,how修饰形容词,副词或动词,感叹句结构主要有以下几种1)How+形容词+a+名词+陈述语序Howcleveraboyheis!2)How+形容词或副词+陈述语序Howlovelythebabyis!3)How+主语+谓语!Howtimeflies!4)What+名词+陈述语序Whatnoisetheyare__king!5)What+a+形容词+名词+ 陈述语序Whatacleverboyheis!6)What+形容词+复数名词+陈述语序Whatwonderfulideasweh__e!7)What+形容词+不可数名词+陈述语序Whatcoldweatheritis!句型1)、5)可以互相转化特别提示如何判断用what还是用how﹖方法一凡是有aan开头的,多用what!方法二凡是形容词直接加名词多用what!方法三其他一般用how
二、如何把陈述句改为感叹句陈改感叹并不难What或How置句前,形、副紧跟how后,what冠要和形名连,主语谓语在句末,它们省略也常见除以上口诀外,把陈述句变为感叹句时,还可以根据这种方法“一断二加三换位”“一断”,即在谓语后边断开,使句子分为两部分例如Heisagoodteacher.—Heis/agoodteacher.“二加”,即在第二部分前加上how强调副词,形容词或what强调名词如Heiswhatagoodteacher.“三换位”,即把第一部分和第二部分互换位置,句号换感叹号例如Whatagoodteacherheis!感叹句的省略形式为Whatacleverboyheis!【感叹句专练】从A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项
1.——HelloZhuHua.I’llh__etoreturntoCanadabecauseI’veworkedhereforayear.——_____!A.WhattimefliesB.HowtimefliesC.WhatdoestimeflyD.Howdoestimefly
2.___!Youshouldtakethischan__toattendit.A.Howimportantconferen__isitB.Howanimportantconferen__itisC.Whatanimportantconferen__isitD.Whatanimportantconferen__itis
3.——Whatsportdoyoulikebest——Springboarddiving跳板跳水.____todiveintowaterfromhighboard!A.WhatafunisitB.HowfunitisC.HowafunisitD.Whatfunitis
4.___forustosurf冲浪ontheseainsummer!A.WhatexcitingisitB.HowexcitingisitC.WhatexcitingitisD.Howexcitingitis
5.___heg__ethatweshouldtakemoreexerciseinoursparetime!A.Whatagoodadvi__B.Howagoodadvi__C.Whatgoodadvi__D.Howgoodadvi__
6.Weh__en’tseeneachotherfor__nymonths.__!A.WhatImissedyouB.WhatdidImissyouC.HowImissedyouD.HowdidImissyou
7.__itisforustoseethathedoeshisworksowell!A.WhatsurpriseB.HowsurpriseC.WhatasurpriseD.Howasurprise
8.___theseancientbuildingsinthiscityare!A.WhatperfectlyprotectedB.HowperfectprotectedC.HowperfectlyprotectedD.Whatperfectprotected。