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中考英语语法难点汇总介词I.要点
1、介词和种类1简单介词,常用的有atinonaboutacrossbeforebesidefortowithout等2复合介词,如bymeansofalongwithbecauseofinfrontofinsteadof等
2、介词和其他词类的习惯搭配关系1和动词的搭配,如agreewithaskforbelongtobreakawayfromcareabout等2和形容词的搭配,如afraidofangrywithdifferentfromgoodat等3和名词的搭配,如answertokeytoreasonforcauseofvisitto等
3、介词短语可以有自己的修饰语,这种修饰语通常有rightjustbadlyallwelldirectlycompletely等少数几个副词如Hecamerightafterdinner.Helivesdirectlyoppositetheschool.
4、某些介词的意义与用法举例1atonin表时间表示时间点用at,如atfouroclockatmidnight等;表示不确定的时间或短期假日也用at,如atthattimeatChrist__s等指某天用on如onMondayontheendofNovember指某天的朝夕用on,如onFridaymorningontheafternoonofSeptemberlst等指长于或短于一天的时段用in,如intheafternooninFebruaryinSummerin1999等2betweenamong表位置between仅用于二者之间,但说三者或三者以上中的每两个之间的相互关系时,也用between如ImsittingbetweenTomandAli__.Thevillageliesbetweenthreehills.among用于三者或三者以上之间如Heisthebestamongthestudents.3besidebesidesbeside意为在……旁边,而besides意为除……之外如Hesatbesideme.Whatdoyouwantbesidesthis4inthetreeonthetreeinthetree指动物或人在树上,而onthetree指果实、树叶长在树上5onthewayinthewaybythewayinthiswayontheway指在路上intheway指挡道bytheway指顺便问一句inthisway用这样的方法6inthecorneratthecornerinthecorner指在拐角内atthecorner指在拐角外7inthemorningonthemorninginthemorning是一般说法onthemorning特指某一天的早晨8bybusonthebusbybus是一般说法onthebus特指乘某一辆车II.例题例
1.Doyouknowanyotherforeignlanguage____EnglishA.ex__ptB.butC.besideD.besides解析A、B两项ex__pt等于but,意为除了……,C-beside意为在……旁边,不符合题意而D-besides意为除了……之外,还有所以该题正确答案为D该题意为除了英语外,你还知道别的语言吗?例
2.Hesuddenlyreturned____arainynight.A.onB.atC.inD.during解析我们均知道,atnight这一短语,但如果night前有修饰词,表具体的夜晚,则要用介词on来修饰,故该题正确答案为A例
3.Imlookingforward____yourletter.A.toB.inC.atD.on解析该题正确答案为Alookforwardto为固定搭配,意为期望、盼望连词I.要点
1、连词的种类1并列连词用来连接并列关系的词、短语或分句,如andfororboth…andeither…orneither…nor等2从属连词用来引导从句,如thatifwhetherwhenafterassoonas等除了从属连词引导状语从句外,还有其它可以用来引导从句的词类它们是连接代词和连接副词引导名词性从句,关系代词和关系副词引导定语从句
2、常用连词举例1and和,并且Theydrankandsangallnight.2both…and和,既……也……BothmyparentsandIwentthere.3but但是,而Imsadbutheishappy.4either…or或……或……,要么……要么……EitheryourewrongorIam.5for因为IaskedhimtostayforIhadsomethingto____him.6however然而,可是Affirsthedidntwanttogothere.Laterhoweverhedecidedtogo.7neither…nor既不……也不Neithermyparentsnormyauntagreeswithyou.8notonly…butalso不但……而且……Henotonlysingswellbutalsodan__swell.9or或者,否则Hurryuporyoullbelate.Areyouaworkeroradoctor10so因此,所以ItsgettinglatesoImustgo.11although虽然Althoughitwaslatetheywentonworking.12assoonas一……就……Ill____himassoonasIseehim.13because因为Hedidntgotoschoolbecausehewasill.14unless除非,如果不Iwontgounlessitisfinetomorrow.15until直到……Hedidntle__euntileleven.瞬间动词用于not…until结构Hestayedthereuntileleven.16while当……时候,而表示对比WhileIstayedthereImetafriendofmine.while后不可用瞬间动词Mypenisredwhilehisisblue.17for因为Hewasillforhedidntcome.结论是推断出来的18sin__自从……Ih__elivedheresin__myuncleleft.19hardly…when一……就Ihadhardlygottothestationwhenthetrainleft.20asfaras就……来说AsfarasIknowthatcountryisvery__all.You__ywalkasfarasthelake.一直走到湖那里II.例题例
1.Johnplaysfootball____ifnotbetterthanD__id.A.aswellB.aswellasC.sowellD.sowellas解析该题意为John踢足球如果不比D__id好的话,那也踢得和D__id一样好和…一样好为aswellas.故该题正确答案为B.例
2.ShethoughtIwastalkingaboutherdaughter____infactIwastalkingaboutmydaughter.A.whenB.whereC.whichD.while解析该处意为然而,只有while有此意思,故选D例
3.Wouldyoulikeacupofcoffee____shallwegetdowntobusinessrightawayA.andB.thenC.orD.otherwise解析该处意为或者,正确答案为C动词时态、语态I.要点
1、一般现在时1表示经常发生的动作或现在存在的状态,常与sometimesalwaysofteneveryday等时间状语连用如Sometimeswegoswimmingafterschool.2表示客观真理、科学事实等如Theearthgoesroundthesun.
2、现在进行时1表示说话时或现阶段正在进行的动作,常与nowatpresent等时间状语连用如Whatareyoudoingnow2和alwayscontinually等连用,表一种经常反复的动作,常含有某种情感如Heisalwaysdoinggooddeeds.
3、现在完成时主要表示动作发生在过去,对现在仍有影响,或动作一直延续到现在,或可能还要继续下去,常与justalreadysofaron__never等词连用如H__eyoueverbeentoBei___g
4、一般将来时表示将来某一时间要发生的动作或存在的状态,常与tomorrownextyear等连用如Illmeetyouattheschoolgatetomorrowmorning.WeregoingtoseeafilmnextMonday.
5、一般过去时表示在过去某一时间或某一阶段内发生的动作或存在的状态,常与yesterdaylastyearin1998amomentago等词连用如Ithappened__nyyearsago.
6、过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某一时期正在发生的动作如Whatwereyoudoingthistimeyesterday
7、过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作如Thetrainhadalreadyleftbeforewearrived.
8、一般过去将来时表示说话人从过去的角度来看将来发生的动作如Hesaidhewouldcomebuthedidnt.
9、被动语态被动语态的时态,以give为例时/式 一般进行完成现在amis givenareamis beingarehas beengivenh__e过去was givenwerewasbeinggivenwerehadbeengiven将来shall begivenwillshall h__ebeengivenwill过去将来should begivenwouldshould h__ebeengivenwouldII.例题例
1.Ilearnedthatherfather____in
1950.A.had___dB.___dC.deadD.isdead解析该题正确答案为B从句中的谓语动词动作虽然发生在主句谓语动词的动作之前,但因从句中有明确的过去时间状语in1950所以不用过去完成时态,而用一般过去时态例
2.Thefive-year-oldgirl____byherparents.A.islookedB.haslookedforC.isbeinglookedforD.hasbeenlooked解析该题正确答案为C在带有介词的动词短语用于被动语态句中,介词不能省,否则就变成了不及物动词短语,而不能用于被动语态的句子中短语动词I.要点英语中有许多短语动词在意义上是一个整体,其用法有的相当于及物动词,有的相当于不及物动词,有的兼有及物动词和不及物动词的特征英语短语动词的构成主要有以下六种1动词+介词常见的有lookforlookaftersendforcareaboutaskforlaughathearoffromaddtoleadto等这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后如Dontlaughatothers.Ididntcareaboutit.2动词+副词常见的有giveuppickupthinkoverfindouthandinpointout等这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词,既可放在副词前边,又可放在副词后边;宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词,则要放在副词前边如Youllhandinyourhomeworktomorrow.Pleasedontforgettohanditin.3动词+副词+介词常见的有lookdownupongoonwithbreakawayfromadduptocatchupwith等这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边如Allhismoneyaddeduptonomorethan$
100.Afterashortresthewentonwithhisresearchwork.4动词+名词+介词常见的有takecareof__keuseofpayattentionto__kefunof等这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边如Youshouldpayattentiontoyourhandwriting.Weshould__kefulluseofourtime.5动词+形容词常见的有le__eopensetfreecutopen等这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词,则宾语可放在形容词的前边,也可放在后边;宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词,则必须放在形容词前边如Theprisonersweresetfree.Hecutitopen.6动词+名词常见的有takepla____kefriends等这类短语动词用作不及物动词如Thisstorytookpla__threeyearsago.I__kefriendswithalotofpeople.7辨析giveaway让给,暴露和giveup放弃,停止putaway放起,收起和putout扑灭turnup出席,放大和turnon打开keepout阻止和keepoff不让靠近__keup编造,补上和__keout辨认takeoff脱,起飞和takeout拿出II.例题例
1.Itiswisetoh__esomemoney____foroldage.AputawayBkeptupCgivenawayDlaidup解析该题正确uot;giveaway意为分发;layup贮藏例
2.Heresmycard.Letskeepin____.A.touchB.relationC.connectionD.friendship解析该题正确答案为A.keepintouch为短语动词,意为保持__例
3.____!Theresatraincoming.ALookoutBLookaroundCLookforwardDLookon解析该题选A.lookout意为小心动词不定式I.要点
1、不定式的形式以动词write为例式|语态主动语态被动语态一般式towritetobewritten完成式toh__ewrittentoh__ebeenwritten进行式tobewriting完成进行式toh__ebeenwriting
2、不定式的句__能1作主语Tohearfromyouisni__.Tobeagoodteacherisnoteasy.不定式作主语时,为了保持句子的平衡,往往以it作形式主语,而不定式置于谓语动词后如Itsni__tohearfromyou.Itsnoteasytobeagoodteacher.2作宾语通常用于wanthopewishlikeneedhatebeginstartrememberagreelearnpretendrefuse__nagehelp等词后如Iforgottolockthedoor.Pleaseremembertowritetome.3作表语Myjobistopickupletters.Heseemedtoh__eheardnothing.4作定语不定式作定语时,须放在它所修饰的名词或代词后如Ih__etwoletterstowrite.Ih__ealotofworktodo.5作宾补通常用于wantwishaskorder____knowhelpadviseallowcausefor__等词后如Heorderedhertole__eaton__.Hewasfor__dtoobeyhisorder.6作状语Hegotupearlytocatchthefirstbus.Heworkedhardtocatchupwiththeotherstudents.7作__成分To____youthetruthItoldalie.8疑问词+不定式结构如Idontknowhowtochoosethem.Icannotdecidewheretogo.9不定式的否定式如Idecidednottogo.10不定式的完成式如Heseemedtoh__ecleanedtheroombeforeIcamein.Theboyissaidtoh__ebeensenttothehospitallastweek.11too…to结构如Hewastooexcitedtogotosleep.Hewasonlytoogladtogo.他太高兴了,乐意去12主动表被动如Thebookiseasytoread.Ih__eabooktoread.II.例题例
1.Ih__entgotachair____.A.tositB.fortositonC.tositonD.forsitting解析该题选C不定式tositon在句中作定语,修饰名词chair.因为不定式和它所修饰的名词间是动宾关系,所以不定式必须是及物动词,故此处on不能省略例
2.Hewas__de____.A.goB.goneC.goingD.togo解析该题选D__ke__.dosth.如果是被动形式,不定式do前的to不能省略例
3.Anewfactoryis____verysoon.A.tobebuiltB.builtC.tobuildD.tobuilding解析该题选Aistobebuilt意为将要被建相关__题1-H__eyougotsomewatertodrink-Hereyouare.There___stillsomeinthebottle.A.areB.wereC.isD.was2_____there__nyAmericanfriendsintheschoollastFridayA.IsB.WasC.AreD.Were3There____agreat__nyaccidentslastyear.A.wereB.areC.isD.was4-How__nychildren____inthepicture-Three.A.hasthereB.isthereC.h__ethereD.arethere5In1850aboutathirdofU.S.A___coveredbyforests.A.wereB.hasbeenC./D.was6Mostofourearth____coveredbywater.A.areB.isC.wasD.were7Sunday____thefirstdayoftheweek.A.isB.areC.amD.be
8.Neither___right.A.answersareB.answersarentC.answerisD.answerisnt
9.Thepopulationoftheworld____still____now.A.has;grownB.will;growC.is;growingD.isgrown
10.There______nypeoplerunningintheparkeverymorning.A.isB.wereC.areD.h__e
11.Thesepoli__often___thechildrenacrossthestreet.A.helpB.helpsC.helpingD.ishelping
12.___goingtoEnglandbyairnextweek.A.TheGreenfamilyareB.TheGreensfamilyareC.TheGreensfamilyareD.Greenfamilyare
13.Thewholefamily____enjoyingthebeautifulmusicnow.A.isallB.allisC.allareD.areall
14.Ourclass___big.A.isB.areC.wereD.will
15.NeitherhenorI____fromCanada.WearefromAustralia.A.isB.areC.amD.be
16.Eitheryouorhe____right.A.areB.isC.doesD.were
17.Neither__rynorherbrother____goodatsinging.A.isB.areC.isnotD.arenot
18.NotonlyTombutalsoAli__and__ry____busy.A.isB.wasC.areD.has
19.Physics___interestingtous.A.areB.hasC.isD.were20Thenews____exciting.Wegotexcitedatit.A.isB.wasC.wereD.are
21.Though__the__tics____hardweallworkatithard.A.areB.wereC.wasD.is参考答案CDADDBACCCAADACBACCBD中考英语语法总复习之常见习惯用语 [误]-Yourhandwritingisverygood! -No,myhandwritingisverypoor [正]-Yourhandwritingisverygood! -Thankyou [析]中国人遇到别人称赞,总是以谦逊为美德但英美人则往往认为自信是美德所以当别人夸奖你或赞美你时,就应说Thankyou又比如中国人见面时常讲Whereareyougoing或H__eyouhadyourbreakfastyet而英美人则认为你过多的干预别人的私生活了而他们见面时往往问一些无关紧要的话,如Hello!Howareyougoing你过得怎样Morning!等而goodmorning和Howdoyoudo则被认为是较正规的问候语,在日常生活中则十分少见 [误]Whenyouh__ehaddinnerwithanAmericanfriendandwanttole__eyou__ysay ExcusemeIllgofirst [正]Whenyouh__ehaddinnerwithanAmericanfriendandwanttole__eyou__ysay ExcusemeIh__etogo [析]这两句答语都是正确的,其关键不是语法,而是习惯问题如果在这样的场合你讲Illgofirst朋友们会迷惑不解,而Ih__etogo则表示由于外界的特殊原因而造成的你要离去,而你本人则十分不愿做此事 [误]-Wouldyouliketocometodinnertonight -Idliketo,andImtoobusy [正]-Wouldyouliketocometodinnertonight -Idliketo,butImtoobusy [析]Imtoobusy与Idliketo在意义上正好相反所以要用转折连词这里考查了对词义合乎逻辑的表达能力所以要强调语言环境,更要强调在语言的基础上的词语辨析 [误]-WheresDeter -Deterwillcomewithustonightbutheisntverysureyet [正]-WheresDeter -Deter__ycomewithustonightbutheisntverysureyet [析]由于but所引出的句子可以看出Deter的来与不来是十分不确定的,所以应用__y来表达一个不肯定的__ [误]-Hi,h__entseenyouforages!Youlookfine! -GreatYoulookwelltoo [正]-Hi,h__entseenyouforages!Youlookfine! -ThanksYoulookwelltoo [析]要注意的是Great在口语中多表示惊叹,而Thanks则表示感谢对方的称赞所以对情景谈话要有准确的判定,要根据情景,身临其境,上下对照,周密思考,弄清场合,注意英美人的风俗习惯,注重语义上的词语辨析,并要进行大量的语言实践练习,扩大实际交际能力英语语法知识难点
(一) A.形容词
1、形容词的用法 形容词是用来修饰、描绘名词的,通常在句中作定语、表语或宾补,有时还可作状语如 Heishonestandhardworking. Ifoundthebookinteresting. 某些形容词与定冠词连用表示一类人作主语时,谓语通常用复数形式如 Therichandthepoorliveindifferentpartsofthecity. TheEnglishliketobewiththeirfamilies. 多个形容词作定语修饰名词的顺序 冠词+序数词+基数词+性质状态(描述性)+形状大小+新旧老少+颜色+国籍+材料+名词如 thesecondfiveinterestingbignewredChinesewallpapers.
2、形容词比较等级的形式
(1)规则形式 一般说来,单音节词及少数双音节词在后加-er;--est来构成比较级和最高级;其他双音节词及多音节词在前加moremost.如 great-greater-greatest busy-busier-busiest important-moreimportant-themostimportant
(2)不规则形式 goodwell-better-best badill-worse-worst __nymuch-more-most little-less-least
(3)形容词比较等级的用法
①表示两者的比较,用形容词的比较级+than.如 Heisclevererthantheotherboys. Thisoneismorebeautifulthanthatone.
②表示两者以上的比较,用the+形容词最高级(+名词)+ofin…如 Heisthecleverestboyinhisclass.
③表示两者是同等程度,用as+形容词原级+as.如 HeisastallasI. Ih__eas__nybooksasyou.
④越…越… 例如ThemoreIlearnthehappierIam.
⑤Youcanneverbetoocareful.越小心越好 又如Youcanneverpraisetheteachertoohighly. 你怎么赞扬这个老师也不过分
⑥Ih__eneverspentamoreworryingday. 那一天是最令我担心的一天 Ih__eneverhadabetterdinner. 这是我吃过的最好的一顿饭
⑦MyEnglishisnobetterthanyours. 我的英语和你的英语都不怎么样 B.副词
1、副词的种类
(1)时间副词如agobeforealreadyjustnowearlylatefinallytomorrow等
(2)地点副词如herethereneararoundinoutupdownbackawayoutside等
(3)方式副词如carefullyangrilybadlycalmlyloudlyquicklypolitelynervously等
(4)程度副词如almostnearlymuchgreatlyabitalittlehardlysovery等
2、副词比较等级的用法 其用法与形容词相似,只是副词最高级前可省略定冠词如 Ofalltheboyshesingsthemostbeautifully. Wemustworkharder.
3、某些副词在用法上的区别
(1)alreadyyetstill already表示某事物已经发生,主要用于肯定句;yet表示期待某事发生,主要用于否定句和疑问句;still表示某事还在进行,主要用于肯定句和疑问句,有时也可用于否定句如 Wevealreadywatchedthatfilm. Ih__entfinishedmyhomeworkyet. Hestillworksuntillateeverynight.
(2)tooaswellalsoeither tooaswell和also用于肯定句和疑问句,too和aswell多用于口语,一般放在句末,而also多用于书面语,一般放在句中与动词连用either用于否定句和否定的疑问句,往往放在句末如Hewenttheretoo. Hedidntgothereeither. Ilikeyouaswell. Ialsowentthere. 3hardhardly hardly意为几乎与hard在词义上完全不同如 Iworkhardeveryday. Icanhardlyrememberthat. 4latelately lately意为最近、近来,late意为晚、迟如 Henevercomeslate. H__eyoubeentothemuseumlately 例1Tomsfatherthinksheisalready____ Ahighenough Btallenough Cenoughhigh Cenoughtall 解析该题正确答案是B修饰人高用tall而建筑物的高用high并且enough修饰形容词要放在形容词后面因此该题选B 例2____theworseIseemtobe. AWhenItakemoremedicine BThemoremedicineItake CTakingmoreofthemedicine DMoremedicinetaken 解析该题正确答案为Bthe+形容词比较级+…the+形容词比较级+…意为越…,越…该句意为吃的药越多,我的病越是加重 例3Ih__entbeentoLondonyet. Ih__entbeenthere____. Atoo Balso Ceither Dneither 解析该题正确答案为CA和B都用于肯定句中D-neither本身意为否定两者都不,而C-either则用于否定句中,意为也 例4Mr__ithwas____movedatthenews. Adeep Bdeeply Cverydeep Dquitedeeply 解析该题正确答案为BA.deep用于副词时,修饰具体的深,如digdeep而B-deeply则修饰表示感__彩的词,如该题为deeplymoved.另如deeplyregret等而D-quite和deeply均为副词,不能互相修饰
(二)介词 I.要点
1、介词和种类
(1)简单介词,常用的有atinonaboutacrossbeforebesidefortowithout等
(2)复合介词,如bymeansofalongwithbecauseofinfrontofinsteadof等
2、介词和其他词类的习惯搭配关系
(1)和动词的搭配,如agreewithaskforbelongtobreakawayfromcareabout等
(2)和形容词的搭配,如afraidofangrywithdifferentfromgoodat
(3)和名词的搭配,如answertokeytoreasonforcauseofvisitto等.
3、介词短语可以有自己的修饰语,这种修饰语通常有rightjustbadlyallwelldirectlycompletely等少数几个副词如 Hecamerightafterdinner. Helivesdirectlyoppositetheschool.
4、某些介词的意义与用法举例
(1)atonin(表时间) 表示时间点用at如atfouroclockatmidnight等;表示不确定的时间或短期假日也用at如atthattimeatChrist__s等 指某天用on如onMondayontheendofNovember指某天的朝夕用on如onFridaymorningontheafternoonofSeptemberlst等 指长于或短于一天的时段用in如intheafternooninFebruaryinSummerin1999等
(2)betweenamong(表位置) between仅用于二者之间,但说三者或三者以上中的每两个之间的相互关系时,也用between如 ImsittingbetweenTomandAli__. Thevillageliesbetweenthreehills. among用于三者或三者以上之间如 Heisthebestamongthestudents.
(3)besidebesides beside意为在…旁边,而besides意为除…之外如 Hesatbesideme. Whatdoyouwantbesidesthis
(4)inthetreeonthetree inthetree指动物或人在树上,而onthetree指果实、树叶长在树上
(5)onthewayinthewaybythewayinthisway ontheway指在路上intheway指挡道 bytheway指顺便问一句inthisway用这样的方法
(6)inthecorneratthecorner inthecorner指在拐角内atthecorner指在拐角外
(7)inthemorningonthemorning inthemorning是一般说法onthemorning特指某一天的早晨
(8)bybusonthebus bybus是一般说法onthebus特指乘某一辆车 II.例题 例1Doyouknowanyotherforeignlanguage____English Aex__ptBbutCbesideDbesides 解析A、B两项ex__pt等于but,意为除了…,C-beside意为在…旁边,不符合题意而D-besides 意为除了…之外,还有所以该题正确答案为D该题意为除了英语外,你还知道别的语言吗? 例2Hesuddenlyreturned____arainynight. AonBatCinDduring 解析我们均知道,atnight这一短语,但如果night前有修饰词,表具体的夜晚,则要用介词on来修饰,故该题正确答案为A 例3Imlookingforward____yourletter. AtoBinCatDon 解析该题正确答案为Alookforwardto为固定搭配,意为期望、盼望
(三)连词 I.要点
1、连词的种类
(1)并列连词用来连接并列关系的词、短语或分句,如andfororboth…andeither…orneither…nor等
(2)从属连词用来引导从句,如thatifwhetherwhenafterassoonas等 除了从属连词(引导状语从句)外,还有其它可以用来引导从句的词类它们是连接代词和连接副词(引导名词性从句),关系代词和关系副词(引导定语从句)
2、常用连词举例 1and和,并且 Theydrankandsangallnight. 2both…and和,既…也… BothmyparentsandIwentthere. 3but但是,而 Imsadbutheishappy. 4either…or或…或…,要么…要么… EitheryourewrongorIam. 5for因为 IaskedhimtostayforIhadsomethingto____him. 6however然而,可是 Affirsthedidntwanttogothere.Laterhoweverhedecidedtogo. 7neither…nor既不…也不 Neithermyparentsnormyauntagreeswithyou. 8notonly…butalso不但…而且… Henotonlysingswellbutalsodan__swell. 9or或者,否则 Hurryuporyoullbelate. Areyouaworkeroradoctor 10so因此,所以 ItsgettinglatesoImustgo. 11although虽然 Althoughitwaslatetheywentonworking. 12assoonas一…就 Ill____himassoonasIseehim. 13because因为 Hedidntgotoschoolbecausehewasill.
(14)unless除非,如果不 Iwontgounlessitisfinetomorrow.
(15)until直到… Hedidntle__euntileleven.瞬间动词用于not…until结构 Hestayedthereuntileleven.
(16)while当…时候,而表示对比 WhileIstayedthereImetafriendofmine.while后不可用瞬间动词 Mypenisredwhilehisisblue.
(17)for因为 Hewasillforhedidntcome.结论是推断出来的
(18)sin__自从… Ih__elivedheresin__myuncleleft.
(19)hardly…when一…就 Ihadhardlygottothestationwhenthetrainleft.
(20)asfaras就…来说 AsfarasIknowthatcountryisvery__all. You__ywalkasfarasthelake.一直走到湖那里 II.例题 例1Johnplaysfootball____ifnotbetterthanD__id. AaswellBaswellasCsowellDsowellas 解析该题意为John踢足球如果不比D__id好的话,那也踢得和D__id一样好和…一样好为aswellas.故该题正确答案为B 例2ShethoughtIwastalkingaboutherdaughter____infactIwastalkingaboutmydaughter. AwhenBwhereCwhichDwhile 解析该处意为然而,只有while有此意思,故选D 例3Wouldyoulikeacupofcoffee____shallwegetdowntobusinessrightaway A.andB.thenC.orD.otherwise 解析该处意为或者,正确答案为C英语语法知识难点
(二)
(四)动词时态、语态I.要点
1、一般现在时
(1)表示经常发生的动作或现在存在的状态,常与sometimesalwaysofteneveryday等时间状语连用如Sometimeswegoswimmingafterschool.
(2)表示客观真理、科学事实等如Theearthgoesroundthesun.
2、现在进行时 1表示说话时或现阶段正在进行的动作,常与nowatpresent等时间状语连用如 Whatareyoudoingnow 2和alwayscontinually等连用,表一种经常反复的动作,常含有某种情感如 Heisalwaysdoinggooddeeds.
3、现在完成时 主要表示动作发生在过去,对现在仍有影响,或动作一直延续到现在,或可能还要继续下去,常与justalreadysofaron__never等词连用如:H__eyoueverbeentoBei___g
4、一般将来时 表示将来某一时间要发生的动作或存在的状态,常与tomorrownextyear等连用如 Illmeetyouattheschoolgatetomorrowmorning. WeregoingtoseeafilmnextMonday.
5、一般过去时 表示在过去某一时间或某一阶段内发生的动作或存在的状态,常与yesterdaylastyearin1998amomentago等词连用如Ithappened__nyyearsago.
6、过去进行时 表示过去某一时刻或某一时期正在发生的动作如 Whatwereyoudoingthistimeyesterday
7、过去完成时 表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作如 Thetrainhadalreadyleftbeforewearrived. 8、一般过去将来时 表示说话人从过去的角度来看将来发生的动作如 Hesaidhewouldcomebuthedidnt. 9、被动语态被动语态的时态,以give为例时/式一般进行完成现在amis givenareamis beingarehas beengivenh__e过去was givenwerewas beinggivenwerehadbeengiven将来shall begivenwillshall h__ebeengivenwill过去将来should begivenwouldshould h__ebeengivenwouldII.例题 例1Ilearnedthatherfather____in
1950. Ahad___dB___dCdeadDisdead 解析该题正确答案为B从句中的谓语动词动作虽然发生在主句谓语动词的动作之前,但因从句中有明确的过去时间状语in1950所以不用过去完成时态,而用一般过去时态 例2Thefive-year-oldgirl____byherparents. AislookedBhaslookedfor CisbeinglookedforDhasbeenlooked 解析该题正确答案为C在带有介词的动词短语用于被动语态句中,介词不能省,否则就变成了不及物动词短语,而不能用于被动语态的句子中
(五)动词虚拟语气I.要点 表示说的话不是事实,或者是不可能发生的情况,而是一种愿望、建议或与事实相反的假设等一般常用于正式的书面语中 1、虚拟语气的构成情景条件从句的谓语动词主句的谓语动词与现在事实相反动词过去式(be要用were)should +动词原形would与过去事实相反had+过去分词should +h__e+过去分词would与将来事实相反1、动词过去时2、should+动词原形3、wereto+动词原形should +动词原形would 注如果条件从句谓语动词包含有were或hadshouldcould有时可将if省去但要倒装如 HadyouIfyouhadinviteduswewouldh__ecometoyour_____. 2、虚拟语气在各种从句的应用 (1)在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、惋惜、理应如此等,其谓语形式是should可省+动词原形,常用于以下三种句型中 句型一Itisne__ssaryimportantnaturalstrangeetcthat… 句型二Itisapityashamenowonderetcthat… 句型三Itissuggestedrequestedproposeddesiredetcthat… 如Itisstrangethatheshouldh__edonethat. Itisapitythatheshouldbesocareless. Itisrequestedthatweshouldbesocareless. (2)在宾语从句中用于suggestproposemoveinsistdesirede__ndrequestordercom__nd等动词后的宾语从句中,表间接的命令和建议其谓语形式是should+动词原形如Isuggestthatweshouldgoswimming. (3)在表语从句中,表示间接的命令,要求、请求、建议、决定等,主句中的主语通常是suggestionproposalrequestordersidea等从句谓语形式是should+动词原形如Hissuggestionisthatweshouldle__eaton__. (4)在同位语从句中,谓语形式是should+动词原形如Were__ivedorderthattheworkbedoneaton__. (5)在Itistimethat…句型中,其谓语动词形式是动词的过去式或 should+动词原形should不可省如Itstimethatwewentshouldgotoschool.II.例题 例1Wehadhopedthathe____longer. AstaysBh__estayedCstayedDwouldstay 解析该题正确答案为Dhadhoped表示本希望,同样用法的动词还有thinkexpect等,后面的句子需用虚拟语气 例2__rywantstoseeyoutoday. Iwouldrathershe____tomorrowthantoday. AcomesBcameCshouldcomeDwillcome 解析该题正确答案为Bwouldrather后面的从句需用虚拟语气,用动词过去时表示 例3Hadshebeenoldershe____itbetter. AhaddoneBmighth__edoneCmightdoDwoulddo 解析Hadshebeenolder=Ifshehadbeenold.故该题正确答案为B
(六)短语动词I.要点 英语中有许多短语动词在意义上是一个整体,其用法有的相当于及物动词,有的相当于不及物动词,有的兼有及物动词和不及物动词的特征英语短语动词的构成主要有以下六种 (1)动词+介词 常见的有lookforlookaftersendforcareaboutaskforlaughathearoffromaddtoleadto等这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后如 Dontlaughatothers. Ididntcareaboutit. (2)动词+副词 常见的有giveuppickupthinkoverfindouthandinpointout等这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词,既可放在副词前边,又可放在副词后边;宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词,则要放在副词前边如Youllhandinyourhomeworktomorrow. Pleasedontforgettohanditin. (3)动词+副词+介词 常见的有lookdownupongoonwithbreakawayfromadduptocatchupwith等这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边如 Allhismoneyaddeduptonomorethan$
100. Afterashortresthewentonwithhisresearchwork. (4)动词+名词+介词 常见的有takecareof__keuseofpayattentionto__kefunof等这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边如Youshouldpayattentiontoyourhandwriting. Weshould__kefulluseofourtime. (5)动词+形容词 常见的有le__eopensetfreecutopen等这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词,则宾语可放在形容词的前边,也可放在后边;宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词,则必须放在形容词前边如 Theprisonersweresetfree. Hecutitopen. (6)动词+名词 常见的有takepla____kefriends等这类短语动词用作不及物动词如 Thisstorytookpla__threeyearsago. I__kefriendswithalotofpeople.
(7)辨析 giveaway让给,暴露和giveup(放弃,停止) putaway(放起,收起)和putout(扑灭) turnup(出席,放大)和turnon(打开) keepout(阻止)和keepoff(不让靠近) __keup(编造,补上)和__keout(辨认) takeoff(脱,起飞)和takeout(拿出)II.例题 例1Itiswisetoh__esomemoney____foroldage. AputawayBkeptupCgivenawayDlaidup 解析该题正确答案为A意为存;keepup意为继续;giveaway意为分发;layup贮藏例2Heresmycard.Letskeepin____. AtouchBrelationCconnectionDfriendship 解析该题正确答案为A.keepintouch为短语动词,意为保持__ 例3____!Theresatraincoming. ALookoutBLookaroundCLookforwardDLookon 解析该题选A.lookout意为小心
(七)动词不定式I.要点 1、不定式的形式以动词write为例式|语态主动语态被动语态一般式towritetobewritten完成式toh__ewrittentoh__ebeenwritten进行式tobewriting完成进行式toh__ebeenwriting 2、不定式的句__能 (1)作主语 Tohearfromyouisni__. Tobeagoodteacherisnoteasy. 不定式作主语时,为了保持句子的平衡,往往以it作形式主语,而不定式置于谓语动词后如Itsni__tohearfromyou. Itsnoteasytobeagoodteacher. (2)作宾语 通常用于wanthopewishlikeneedhatebeginstartrememberagreelearnpretendrefuse__nagehelp等词后如Iforgottolockthedoor. Pleaseremembertowritetome. (3)作表语 Myjobistopickupletters. Heseemedtoh__eheardnothing. (4)作定语 不定式作定语时,须放在它所修饰的名词或代词后如 Ih__etwoletterstowrite. Ih__ealotofworktodo. (5)作宾补 通常用于wantwishaskorder____knowhelpadviseallowcausefor__等词后如 Heorderedhertole__eaton__. Hewasfor__dtoobeyhisorder. (6)作状语 Hegotupearlytocatchthefirstbus. Heworkedhardtocatchupwiththeotherstudents. (7)作__成分 To____youthetruthItoldalie. (8)疑问词+不定式结构如 Idontknowhowtochoosethem. Icannotdecidewheretogo.
(9)不定式的否定式如 Idecidednottogo.
(10)不定式的完成式如 Heseemedtoh__ecleanedtheroombeforeIcamein. Theboyissaidtoh__ebeensenttothehospitallastweek.
(11)too…to结构如 Hewastooexcitedtogotosleep. Hewasonlytoogladtogo.他太高兴了,乐意去
(12)主动表被动如 Thebookiseasytoread. Ih__eabooktoread.II.例题 例1Ih__entgotachair____. AtositBfortositonCtositonDforsitting 解析该题选C不定式tositon在句中作定语,修饰名词chair.因为不定式和它所修饰的名词间是动宾关系,所以不定式必须是及物动词,故此处on不能省略 例2Hewas__de____.AgoBgoneCgoingDtogo 解析该题选D__ke__.dosth.如果是被动形式,不定式do前的to不能省略 例3Anewfactoryis____verysoon. AtobebuiltBbuilt CtobuildDtobuilding 解析该题选Aistobebuilt意为将要被建
(八)动名词I.要点 动名词既具有动词的一些特征,又具有名词的句__能 1、动名词的形式,以write为例式|语态主动语态被动语态一般式writingbeingwritten完成式h__ingwrittenh__ingbeenwritten 否定式not+动名词 2、动名词的用法 (1)作主语 Playingfootballismyf__oritesport. Tr__ellingwithfriendsatweekendisfun. 作主语的动名词结构复杂且长时,可用it作形式主语如 Itisfuntr__ellingwithfriendsatweekend. (2)作宾语 IenjoyplayingPCgame. Heg__eupwritingfiveyearsago. (3)作表语 Whathehatedmostwasdoingnothing. Seeingisbelieving. 动名词作表语时,句子的主语常是无生命名词或what引导的名词性从句 (4)作定语 Theresadiningroominmyschool. Allthepeoplewatchinglaughed. (5)动名词的复合结构物主代词(或名词的所有格)+动名词如 Tomsgoinghomelate__dehermotherangry. Wouldyoumindmyopeningthewindow 不过,动名词的逻辑主语在遇到以下情况时,必须用名词的普通格(或人称代词的宾格)
①无生命名词 Thegirlswereafraidofthedoorsuddenlyclosing. Fireburnsbetterbyoxygenbeingatwork.
②有生命名词,但表泛指 H__eyoueverheardofgirls__oking
③两个以上的有生命的名词并列 Doyoustillremembermyparentsandmecomingtoseeyouthatday 3.后面常接动名词的动词和短语 mindenjoyfinishconsiderpractise__gine keepsuggestadviseallowpermit beworthdoingbeusedtodoingbebusydoing canthelpdoingitisnogooddoingitisnousedoing lookforwardtodoingsticktodoingpayattentiontodoing devotetodoingleadtodoingII.例题 例1Shesaysshedoesntfeellike____outwithyou. AgoingBtogoCforgoingDwent 解析该题正确答案为Afeellike=want此处like为介词,后面要接名词或动名词作宾语 例2Thegardenneeds____. AwaterBwateringCtowaterDwatered 解析该题正确答案为Bneed=want=require.如果物作主语,此三者后要接动名词或tobedone这一结构作宾语 例3Excuseme____you. AinterruptingBtointerrupt CinterruptedDtoh__einterrupted 解析该题正确答案为Aexcuse后接动名词作宾语,此句中的me为动名词的逻辑主语(常用于口语中)
(九)分词I.要点 分词既具有动词的一些特征,又具有形容和副词的句__能它分为现在分词和过去分词两类现在分词和过去分词的主要差别在于现在分词有一般式和完成式,过去分词则只有一般式现在分词表动作正在进行,表主动过去分词及物动词表动作已经完成,表被动过去分词不及物动词表动作已经完成,表主动过去分词的句__能 1、作定语 IliketoreadthenovelwrittenbyLuXun. Thewo__nsittingbesidethebrokenwindowwasafriendofmine. 2、作表语 WhenIcameintotheroomIfoundthewindowwasbroken. Iminterestedinthisbook. 3、作宾语补足语 Imgoingtoh__emybikerepaired. WhenIwalkedhomeIsawthethiefcaughtbythepoli__.
4、作状语 Seenfromthetopofthemountainthecitylooks__all. Theteachercameintotheclassroomfollowedbyhisstudents. 现在分词的句__能
1、作状语 SeeingfromthetopofthemountainIfoundthecitywasbeautiful. Walkingalongthestreettheysuddenlysawhim.
2、作宾语 Ihatebeingspokenillof. HeconsideredvisitingJapanduringthewintervocation.
3、作表语 Seeingisbelieving. Thebookisinteresting.
4、作宾语补足语 Inoti__dhimcrossingthestreet. Mothercaughthim__okinginthekitchen.
5、作定语 Doyouknowthe__nwritingaletter Theworkerrunninga__chineismybrother. 分词使用中的几个问题
1、现在分词的完成式 H__ingcleanedtheroomIwentout.
2、现在分词的否定式 Noth__ingre__ivedanyletterhefeltalittleworried.
3、现在分词与过去分词的不同 现在分词表示主动、正在,过去分词表示被动、完成 Ifoundthe__nkilledthere. Ifoundthe__nstandingthere.
4、h__e结构 Weh__ethecarrepaired. Weh__erepairedthecar. Weh__eTomrepairthecar. Weh__eTomrepairingthecarthewholemorning.
5、分词作表语 Wewereexcitedatthenews. Thefootballgameisexciting.
6、__主格结构 Itbeingafinedaywewentouttovisitthepark.II.例题 例
1、Time_______,Illgoonapicnicwithyou. A.permitB.topermitC.permittedD.permitting 解析该题答案为DTimepermitting…是__主格结构,意为如果时间允许的话… 例
2、_______ifhehadanybadhabitsherepliedthathewasahe__y__oker. A.AskB.ToaskC.AskedD.Asking 解析该题答案为C主语she是被问英语语法知识难点
(三)
(十)情态动词与助动词I.要点 助动词本身无意义,在句中帮助主要动词构成一定的时态,语态、语气,或是帮助构成否定句和疑问句,常用的助动词有bedoh__eshallshouldwillwould. 情态动词表一定的词义,本身并不表示动作或状态,而仅仅表达说话人的态度,它在句中须和主要动词一起构成谓语,主要的情态动词有cancould__ymightmusth__etooughttoneeddareshallshouldwillwould.
1、can能,可以,表说话人同意,许可还可表客观条件许可,如:Youcangonow. 提建议或请求时可用canIcanyou表客气,如CanIbuyyouadrink can和beableto表能力时的区别 can表一般具有的能力,beableto表在特定条件下的能力,如:Althoughthedriverwasbadlyhurthewasabletoexplainwhathadhappened.
2、__y
(1)、可以,表说话人同意,许可或请求对方许可You__ygo.
(2)、(现在和将来)可能,也许,只用于肯定句和否定句中,如He__ynotberight.
3、musth__eto must表主观上的必须,h__eto表客观上的必须,如:Itsgettinglate.Ih__etogo.-MustIgonow.-Yesyoumust. Noyouneednt./Noyoudonth__eto.
4、needdare这二词有实意动词和情态动词两种词性,如用作实意动词后接动词不定式todo,如用作情态动词后接动词原形NeedIgonow--Yesyoumust./Noyouneednt.
5、shall用于第一人称疑问句中表说话人征求对方___或向对方请求,如,Shallwebeginourlesson 用于
二、三人称陈述句,表说话人命令、警告、允诺、威胁等口吻,如:Youshallfailifyoudontworkharder.
6、should表应该,意为有责任,有义务如:Weshouldtryourbestto__keourcountrymorebeautiful.
7、will表有做某事的意志、意愿、安心、打算,如WillyoulendmeyourbookYesIwill.,
8、shouldh__edone表应该做而未做 musth__edone表对过去事实的肯定推测 couldh__edone表本可以做某事
9、判断句肯定句用must否定句用cant不太肯定用__ymight Hemustbeintheoffi__now. Hemusth__egonetobedforthelightisout. Hecantbeintheoffi__.Heisathome. Hecouldnth__ecleanedtheclassroombecausehedidntcomeheretoday. Hemightbeintheoffi__Iamnotsure. Hemighth__ecleanedtheroomIsuppose.II.例题 例1,They_______towalkinthestreetatmight. A.didntdare B.notdared C.notdare D.darednot 解析,该题答案为A,此空需选一动词作谓语,因为后面是towalkdidntdare是行为动词dare过去时态的否定形式 例2,WhenhewasveryoldMr.__ith_______sitforhourswithoutsayingaword. A.would B.should C.must D.used 解析,该题答案为Awould此处表过去的倾向性,习惯性动作,意为总是如:Whenwewerechildrenwewouldgoswimmingeverysummer.
(十一)句子种类I.要点 句子按使用目的可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句;按结构又分为简单句、并列句和复合句
1、陈述句的否定
(1)在含有宾语从句的主从复合句中,当主句的谓语动词是thinkexpectbelievesupposeguessfancyi__gine等,且主句主语是第一人称时,宾语从句谓语的否定习惯上要移到主句谓语上,如:Idontthinkheisright.
(2)含有否定意义的副词neverseldomhardlyscar__lyrarelybarely的句子应视为否定句,如:Ih__eneverbeentherebefore.
2、反意疑问句
(1)need和dare既可作情态动词,又可作实意动词,在反问部分须加以区别,如Weneedntle__eneedweWedontneedtole__edowe
(2)陈述部分出现否定意义的副词或代词如neverseldomfewhardlylittle等时,反问部分须用肯定形式如Heseldomcomesdoeshe
(3)陈述部分用不定代词作主语时,反问部分的主语用it,如Nothingcanstopmecanit 陈述部分用everybodyeveryonesomebodysomeone,等作主语时,反问部分常用it,有时也用they,如:Everybodyknowsthatdontthey
(4)陈述部分包括usedto时,反问部分可有两种形式,如:Youusedtogetupearlyusedntdidntyou
(5)陈述部分是there+be结构时,反问部分用there,如:Theressomethingwrongwithyouisntthere
(6)陈述部分是含有宾语从句的主从复合句时,反问部分的主语和谓语应和主句保持一致,如:Henevertoldotherswhathethoughtdidhe 但,如果是IthinkIbelieve等+宾语从句时,反问部分须和从句的动词保持一致,如,IdontthinkheisrightisheIdontbelievehedoesthatdoeshe
3、感叹句 用what或how Whatabeautifulparkitis. Howbeautifulaparkitis. Howbeautifultheparkis. Howweworked!
4、祈使句 Takecare! Dontstandthere. Pleaseopenthedoorfortheoldlady.II.例题 例1,Dontforgettoposttheletter_______ A.willyou B.doyou C.wontyou D.shallyou 解析该题答案为A,在否定句、祈使句后只用willyou,但肯定的祈使句后可用如,Waitformewillwontcancantcouldyou 例2,Letsgooutforawalk_______ A.willyou B.wontyou C.shallwe D.dowe 解析该题答案为C,lets…后加上shallwe来表语气婉转、客气,而在letus后加上willyou 例3,Hehardlywritestoyou_______ A.doesnthe B.doeshe C.dothey D.hashe 解析该题答案为B,hardly否定副词,反问部分要用肯定形式
(十二)各种从句I.要点 根据从句在句中的句__能,从句可分为名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句
1、名词性从句
(1)主语从句 Whathewantsisapie__ofpaper. Itisbelievedthathecansolvetheproblem. 注主语从句的谓语动词用单数
(2)宾语从句 Idontknowhowtosolvetheproblem. Doyouknowwherehelives
(3)表语从句 Theproblemiswhocanhelpme. ThisiswhyIcamehere.
(4)同位语从句 Ih__enoideawherehewent. Iheardthenewsthathewouldcome. 同位语从句用that引导,常跟在factideanewspromisethoughtmessagehopebeliefdoubt等词后,that在从句中不作任何成分
2、定语从句 在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词,或修饰整个主句的从句叫做定语从句,引导定语从句的关系代词有whowhomwhosewhichthatas和关系副词whenwherewhy
(1)that指物时一般可与which互换,但在下列情况下,要用that而不用which a.先行词有alleverything等不定代词时,如, Everythingthathedidiswrong. b.先行词被alleverynosomeanylittlemuch等修饰时,如, Illreadallthebooksthatyoulendme. c.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时, Thisisthefirstletterthattheboyhaswritten. d.先行词被theonlytheverythesamethelast修饰时,如 Heisthevery__nthatImlookingfor. e.只用which的情况 在介词后或在非限定性定语从句中 Thisisthebookaboutwhichweh__etalkedalot. Thebookwhichheg__emeyesterdayisveryinteresting. f.where和when作关系副词 ThisistheroomwhereIworked. ThisistheroomwhichIstayedin. Irememberedthedaywhenwelivedthere. IrememberedthedaythatIspentthere. g.as和which as可以放于句首,而which不可以 AsyouknowheisgoodatEnglish. threeofthem和threeofwhich Ih__ealotofbooksthreeofwhichareinRussian. Ih__ealotofbooksandthreeofthemareinRussian.
3、状语从句 在复合句中起状语作用的从句叫做状语从句状语从句可分为时间状语、地点状语、原因状语、目的状语、结果状语、条件状语、行为方式状语、比较状语、让步状语等多种II.例题 例
1、_______Iac__ptthegiftorrefuseitisnoneofyourbusiness. A.If B.Whether C.Evenif D.No__tterwhen 解析该题答案为Bwhether可以和or连用,if不可以,此外if一般仅用于宾语从句 例
2、Theway_______thesecomradeslookatproblemsiswrong. A.where B.inthat C.X D.withwhich 解析该题答案为C,先行词是way,定语从句中用that或inwhich来引导或不填 例3,____alongtimesin__Isawyoulasttime. A.Itwas B.Itis C.Ithadbeen D.Itcanbe 解析该题答案为B,Itis+时间数+sin__引导的从句是一个句型,意为从…时候以来过了多久了
(十三)主谓一致I.要点 谓语受主语支配,须和主语在人称和数上保持一致,这叫做主谓一致,主谓一致包括语法一致、意义上一致和就近一致
1、语法上一致
(1)、以单数名词或代词,动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时,谓语动词要用单数,主语为复数时,谓语用复数,如, Toworkhardisne__ssaryforastudent.
(2)、用and或both……and连接的并列主语,谓语动词用复数,如, BothheandIareright. 但并列主语如果指的是同一人,同一事物或同一概念,谓语动词用单数,如Histeacherandfriendisabeautifulgirl.
(3)、主语是单数时,尽管后面跟有aswellasbutex__ptbesideswithalongwithtogetherwithlike等,谓语动词仍用单数,如, Theteacheraswellashisstudentsisexcited.
(4)、某些不定代词,如做主语,谓语动词要用单数,如:Everyonehasabook.
(5)、一些只有复数形式的名词,如peoplecattleclothes等作主语时,谓语动词要用复数,如,Alotofpeoplearedancingoutside.
2、意义上一致
(1)、表时间、距离、__、度量衡等的名词作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数,如, Twentyyearsisnotalongtime.
(2)、表示总称意义的名词publicpoli__cattleclothes等作主语时,谓语动词用复数,如, Peoplearetalkingabouttheaccident.
(3)、有些__名词,如familyteam等作主语,如作为一个整体看待,谓语动词用单数,如指其中每个成员,则用复数,如, Myfamilyisabigone. MyfamilyarewatchingTV.
3、邻近一致 用连词oreither……orneither……norwhether……ornotonly…butalso等连接的并列主语,如果一个是单数,一个是复数,则谓语动词按就近一致原则,与最靠近它的主语一致,如, EitheryouorIam__d.II.例题 例
1、Thechemicalworks_______wheremyfatherhasworkedforthirtyyearsin
1949. A.wasbuiltB.werebuiltC.isbuiltD.arebuilt 解析该题答案为Aworks形式上是复数,意思上是单数,因此谓语动词用单数,类似的还有news__thspoliticsphysics. 例
2、Theyeach_______acopyofthenewphysics. A.h__eB.hasC.h__ingD.gets 解析该题答案为ATheyeach不等于eachof…eachof这个词组作主语谓语用单数如eachofthestudentshandsintheirhomework,而theyeach作主语,谓语要随each前面的词来变化英语语法知识难点
(四)
(十四)倒装I.要点 按主语+谓语这种顺序排列的句子是陈述语序,如果变为谓语(或谓语的一部分)+主语,就是倒装语序
1、全部倒装
(1)therebe句型 Thereisgoingtobeameeting. Thereisabookonthetable.
(2)heretherenowtheninout等副词置于句首时,主谓倒装,但如果主语是人称代词时,主语和谓语语序不倒装,如,Herecomesthebus. Herehecomes.
(3)直接引语的部分或全部位于句首时,有时也用倒装,如, Whathesaidmeantnothingsaidtheteacher.
(4)为保持句子平衡,强调表语或状语,使上下文紧密衔接时须完全倒装,如,Infrontofthehousesata__allboy.
2、部分倒装
(1)soneithernor置于句首说明与前者情况一致时,如, Ilikeswimmingsodoesmybrother.
(2)only+状语放在句首,如,Onlythroughthismethodcanwewin. Onlyinthiswaycanwedotheworkwell.
(3)含有否定意义的词置于句首,如,Hardlyscar__lynotseldomnosoonerneverlittleatnotimeinnowaynomore等,如,NeverhadIheardthat.LittledidIknowaboutthis.
(4)以oftenso+形容词或副词开头的句子,如, Sohe__yistheboxthathecannotcarryit.
(5)用于省略if的虚拟条件句中,将hadwereshould提前,如, WereIyouIwouldntdothat. Hadhecomewewouldh__ewon.
(6)用于某些表示祝愿的句中,如, __yyoubehappyforever.II.例题 例
1、Notonly____this__chinebut____it. A.canherun……canherepairB.canherun……hecanrepair C.hecanrun……hecanrepairD.hecanrun……canherepair 解析该题答案为B,在notonly……butalso句型中,只有but前面的部分倒装,but后面仍是正常语序 例
2、____itisquiteeasytodrillaholeinitwithlaser(激光). A.HardalthoughthediamondB.Hardasthediamondis C.AsthediamondishardD.Hashardisthediamond 解析该题答案为B,在让步状语从句中,从属连词as可以表示though,但要用倒装语序 例
3、Onlyinthisway____toimprovethesituationthere. A.canyouhope B.youcanhope C.hopecan D.youhope 解析该题答案为A,only和它所修饰的状语一起置于句首时,须用倒装
(十五)it与therebe的用法I.要点
1、it的用法
(1)用作人称代词,代替前文提到的无生命的事物,动植物、婴儿及指示代词thisthat,如, Ih__eanewpen.Itisbeautiful. TheBrownsh__eanewbaby.Itscute.
(2)用来表示时间、天气、距离等,如,Itstwelveoclocknow. Itsfinetoday.
(3)用作引导词,代替由不定式,ing形式或从句表示的真正的主语或宾语,如, Itsnogood____inghimthat. Itsne__ssaryforyoutodoso.
(4)用在强调结构中,构成强调句式Itis/was+被强调部分+that/who/whom+句子其余部分,可强调除谓语以外的句子其他成分,如, ItwasthismorningthatIsawhiminthestreet. ItwasIwhosawhiminthestreetthismorning. ItwasinthestreetthatIsawhimthismorning. ItwashimwhomIsawinthestreetthismorning.
2、therebe句型 英语表示某时某处或某物时,常用therebe句型,这是一种倒装结构,如, Therearealotofstudentsplayingontheground. Thereisgoingtobeatestthisafternoon. 当主语有两个或两个以上时,动词be常和最近的那个主语取得一致,如, Thereisapenandthreepencilsinthepencil-box. Thereisntadeskabenchandthreechairsintheroom. Therearelotsofpeoplelikeitarentthere therebe句型,谓语动词除be之外,还可用其他表示存在,位置__等意义的不及物动词或词组,如existstandlieentercomehappentobeappeartobe等,如, Therestandsahouseatthefootofthehill. therebe句型表示存在而h__e表有、拥有,所以therebe中be不能换成h__e,但当h__e表示事物的特征时,可用主语+h__e结构替换therebe句型,如 Therearefivedoorsinthehouse. Thehousehasfivedoors.therebe的其它句型
1、Theremustbeameetingintheoffi__.
2、Thereh__ebeengreatchangessin__
1979.
3、Therebeingnobuswehadtowalkhome.I.例题 例1____thathewenttosleep. AItwasuntilmidnightBThatwasuntilmidnight CItwasnotuntilmidnightDThatwasnotuntilmidnight 解析该题答案为C强调until结构时,要将否定词not移到until前又如Hedidntle__euntiltwelve改为Itwasnotuntiltwelvethatheleft.例2Therearealotofstudents____intheclassroom. AtalkBtalkingCtalkedDtotalk 解析该题正确答案为BTherebe句型为倒装句,可换为Alotofstudentsaretalkingintheclassroom.又如Thereisalotofnoiseheardoutinthestreet.
(十六)省略I.要点 有时为了避免重复,使语言简练紧凑,在不损害结构或引起误解的原则下,往往省去一个或多个句子成分或词语 1、固定习惯用词如 No__oking!Thanksslot!等
2.简单句中的省略 (1)口语中,
一、
二、三人称的主语,有时还包括谓语都可以省略如(Itis)Ni__toseeyou! ThisisLiMingspeaking. (2)所有格后的名词如为__、商店、工矿、教堂等可以省略如 ImgoingtovisitTomshouse. Imethimatthetailorsshop. (3)两个或两个以上的动词不定式并列在一起时,第一个不定式带to,后面的不定式可省to.如:Hisjobistocleanandmendthe__chine. (4)主(宾)语补足语中的tobe常省略Hewasconsideredtobethebeststudentintheclass. (5)Therebe结构中therebe可同时省略,或只省略there.如IsthereAnythingwrong (6)表示年龄的yearsold表示钟点的oclockminute等常省略如WhattimeisitnowItstenoclock. 3从句中的省略 (1)宾语从句,以whichwhenwherehow和why引起的宾语从句谓语与主句谓语如相同,可省略从句中全部谓语,甚至主语也可省略,仅保留wh-一词如 Hewillcomebutwedontknowwhenhewillcome. HedidntcomeIwonderedwhyhedidntcome. (2)定语从句中可省略作宾语的关系代词,如 The__nwhomIsawinthestreettheotherdayismyteacher. (3)状语从句,在时间、地点、让步、方式、条件状语从句中,从句主语与主句主语一致,或从句主语是it,则be动词及其主语常可省略如 Ill____himthatwhenitispossible. IwontgothereunlessIminvited.II.例题 例1Abeamoflightwillnotbend(弯曲)roundcornersunless____todosowiththehelpofareflectingdevi__(反射装置) A__deBbeing__deCh__ing__deDtobe__de 解析该题正确答案为Aunless后省略了itis.__ke__sthdosth变成被动语态则为sth/__be__detodo. 例2While____myhomeworkIheardacryforhelp. AdoBdidCdoingDh__ingdone 解析该题答案为C该空处省略了Im相当于whileImdoingmyhomework.如Whileplayingguitarheissinging.英语语法习题检测
1.Hewasagoodswimmersohe____swimtotheriverbankwhentheboatsank. A.can B.might C.couldbeableto D.wasableto 2.AttheChrist__s_____SantaClaus圣诞老人____thepresentsunderthetree. A.handedbackB.handedout C.handedin D.handedto
3.Tears____thelittle__tchgirlseyesasshethoughtofherkindgrandfather. A.randown B.felldown C.cameto D.rolledinto
4.Achildcantlearn____without____. A.tospellhelping B.spellinghelping C.spellbeinghelpedD.spellingbeinghelped
5.Onlyone__nhadeverbeenelectedPresidentfourtimes____FranklinD. Roosevelt. A.forexample B.suchas C.theoneofwhom D.thatistosay
6.____themedicalteamis__deupoftwelvedoctors. A.Altogether B.Entirely C.Completely D.Wholly
7.----____. ----H__eagoodtime. A.Ivetoseethedoctornow B.Itstimefordinner C.Iwenttothecon__rtlastnight D.Imgoingtoa_____now
8.The__nlivesina____pla__.Thatishelives____fromhere. A.farawayfaraway B.farawayfaraway C.farawayfaraway D.farawayfaraway
9.Thepatientsprogresswasencouragingashecould____getoutofbedwithouthelp. A.nearly B.only C.hardly D.badly
10.Weh__etosetoffrightaway____we A.do B.dont C.h__e D.h__ent
11.Thestreetlights____onwhennightfalls. A.willh__eturned B.willh__ebeenturning C.willbeturned D.willbeturning
12.Wellinthetranslationtheword____adifferentmeaningsaidMissDianna. A.takeson B.takesup C.lookslike D.hasalookat
13.Whenhewasthrough____hegotupandleft. A.totalk B.tobetalked C.talking D.beingtalked
14.Thetownhas____bridge. A.afineoldstones B.anoldfinestones C.afineoldstone D.anoldfinestones
15.Ididntbuytheapples;heg__ethemtome____nothing. A.with B.for C.at D.by
16.____speaktomelikethatagain. A.Never B.Not C.Notto D.Cant
17.Egyptis____theoldestcountriesintheworld. A.one B.between C.among D.inthemiddleof
18.Theyfought____theendandwon____theend. A.into B.toin C.inin D.toto
19.I____threehoursonthetextanditwill____meanotherhourforthegram__r. A.h__espenttake B.spendneedh__e C.takespend D.needtake
20.Theplayputonbythestudentswasquitedifferent____youi__gined. A.fromwhat B.tothat C.fromwhich D.towhich
21.Here____theworkerandwriter. A.comesto B.comes C.come D.arecoming
22.Wouldyouliketoh__e____morebread A.some B.any C.afew D.little
23.Therewillbefewif____. A.some B.any C.much D.__ny
24.Ih__e____thingstodo.Icantplay____. A.__nynomore B.alotofanymore C.muchmoremore D.muchofanymore
25.Iwalked50milestoday.IneverguessedthatIcouldwalk____far. A.that B.this C.such D.as
26.IamsorryItookyourumbrella____mistake. A.with B.through C.for D.by
27.Youcangowhereyoulike____yougetbackbeforedark. A.aswellas B.aslongas C.assoonas D.soasto
28.____weknowthisisthebestofitskind. A.Because B.When C.Asfaras D.That
29.Thereisntanywater____aironthemoon. A.and B.or C.but D.both
30.Itwasnotlong____weclimbedupthemountain. A.after B.before C.sin__ D.until
31.Thegirlgrew____ageandwisdom. A.for B.in C.with D.by
32.Thecli__te气候inBei___gdoesnotagree____me. A.on B.to C.with D.in
33.Theresapoli__carinfrontofthedepartmentstore.Whatdoyousuppose____. A.ishappened B.hashappened C.wouldhappen D.didhappen
34.____betterattentionthecabbages洋白菜couldh__egrownbetterwith thesun____themlight. A.Giveng__e B.Givengiving C.Givinggiven D.Givinggiving
35.Whatis____next A.todo B.tobedone C.doing D.done
36.ADreamoftheRedChamber红楼梦issaid____intodozensoflanguagesinthelastdecade十年. A.toh__ebeentranslated B.tobetranslated C.totranslate D.toh__etranslated
37.Somescientistssaythattheneedforfreshwater____bytheyear
2000. A.willh__edoubled B.willbedoubling C.bedoubled D.hasdoubled
38.It____Ihadnomoneywithmeatthemoment. A.issohappenedthat B.wassohappenedthat C.sohappenedwhich D.sohappenedthat
39.Whatdoestheweighing__chine____ A.express B.explain C.read D.write
40.Overahundredboyscameto____outforthefootballteam. A.go B.run C.try D.__ke
41.Thereare____boysthangirlsinourclass. A.muchmore B.__nymore C.__ny D.alot__ny
42.Hishealthis____. A.aspoorifnotpoorerthanhissister B.aspoorashissistersifnotpoor C.aspoorasifnotpoorerthanhissisters D.aspoorifnotpoorerthanhissisters
43.Thetreescan____partoftheheatfromthesun. A.keepup B.keepon C.keepout D.keepupwith
44.____hearingthenewswejumped____joy. A.Onwith B.Into C.Atin D.Forwith
45.Thehotweatherwill____anothermonthIthink. A.goonwith B.goonfor C.getonwith D.goonto
46.WhenIwasatschoolI____tothelibraryeveryafternoon. A.hasgone B.went C.wasgoing D.hadbeengoing
47.Doyougotoschool____. A.NoIgohome B.YesIam C.NoIwork D.NoIcycle
48.ShallIkeepthebookorpassitontoJack ____please. A.Yesyoushall B.Noyoumustnt C.Yespleasekeepit D.PassitontoJack
49.Thesephotographswillshowyou____. A.whatdoesourvillagelooklike B.whatourvillagelookslike C.howdoesourvillagelooklike D.howourvillagelookslike
50.Pleaseexplain____. A.methesenten__ B.thesenten__tome C.metothesenten__ D.thesenten__forme答案 1-5DBCDD6-10ADDAB 11-15CACCB16-20ACBAA 21-25BABBA26-30DBCBB 31-35CCBBB36-40AADCC 41-45BCCAB46-50BCDBB
1、介词和种类 1简单介词,常用的有atinonaboutacrossbeforebesidefortowithout等 2复合介词,如bymeansofalongwithbecauseofinfrontofinsteadof等
2、介词和其他词类的习惯搭配关系 1和动词的搭配,如agreewithaskforbelongtobreakawayfromcareabout等 2和形容词的搭配,如afraidofangrywithdifferentfromgoodat 3和名词的搭配,如answertokeytoreasonforcauseofvisitto等.
3、介词短语可以有自己的修饰语,这种修饰语通常有rightjustbadlyallwelldirectlycompletely等少数几个副词如 Hecamerightafterdinner. Helivesdirectlyoppositetheschool.
4、某些介词的意义与用法举例 1atonin表时间 表示时间点用at如atfouroclockatmidnight等;表示不确定的时间或短期假日也用at如atthattimeatChrist__s等 指某天用on如onMondayontheendofNovember指某天的朝夕用on如onFridaymorningontheafternoonofSeptemberlst等 指长于或短于一天的时段用in如intheafternooninFebruaryinSummerin1999等 2betweenamong表位置 between仅用于二者之间,但说三者或三者以上中的每两个之间的相互关系时,也用between如 ImsittingbetweenTomandAli__. Thevillageliesbetweenthreehills. among用于三者或三者以上之间如 Heisthebestamongthestudents. 3besidebesides beside意为在…旁边,而besides意为除…之外如 Hesatbesideme. Whatdoyouwantbesidesthis 4inthetreeonthetree inthetree指动物或人在树上,而onthetree指果实、树叶长在树上 5onthewayinthewaybythewayinthisway ontheway指在路上intheway指挡道 bytheway指顺便问一句inthisway用这样的方法 6inthecorneratthecorner inthecorner指在拐角内atthecorner指在拐角外 7inthemorningonthemorning inthemorning是一般说法onthemorning特指某一天的早晨 8bybusonthebus bybus是一般说法onthebus特指乘某一辆车II.例题 例1Doyouknowanyotherforeignlanguage____English Aex__ptBbutCbesideDbesides 解析A、B两项ex__pt等于but,意为除了…,C-beside意为在…旁边,不符合题意而D-besides 意为除了…之外,还有所以该题正确答案为D该题意为除了英语外,你还知道别的语言吗? 例2Hesuddenlyreturned____arainynight. AonBatCinDduring 解析我们均知道,atnight这一短语,但如果night前有修饰词,表具体的夜晚,则要用介词on来修饰,故该题正确答案为A 例3Imlookingforward____yourletter. AtoBinCatDon 解析该题正确答案为Alookforwardto为固定搭配,意为期望、盼望连词 I.要点
1、连词的种类 1并列连词用来连接并列关系的词、短语或分句,如andfororboth…andeither…orneither…nor等 2从属连词用来引导从句,如thatifwhetherwhenafterassoonas等 除了从属连词引导状语从句外,还有其它可以用来引导从句的词类它们是连接代词和连接副词引导名词性从句,关系代词和关系副词引导定语从句
2、常用连词举例 1and和,并且 Theydrankandsangallnight. 2both…and和,既…也… BothmyparentsandIwentthere. 3but但是,而 Imsadbutheishappy. 4either…or或…或…,要么…要么… EitheryourewrongorIam. 5for因为 IaskedhimtostayforIhadsomethingto____him. 6however然而,可是 Affirsthedidntwanttogothere.Laterhoweverhedecidedtogo. 7neither…nor既不…也不 Neithermyparentsnormyauntagreeswithyou. 8notonly…butalso不但…而且… Henotonlysingswellbutalsodan__swell. 9or或者,否则 Hurryuporyoullbelate. Areyouaworkeroradoctor 10so因此,所以 ItsgettinglatesoImustgo. 11although虽然 Althoughitwaslatetheywentonworking. 12assoonas一…就 Ill____himassoonasIseehim. 13because因为 Hedidntgotoschoolbecausehewasill. 14unless除非,如果不 Iwontgounlessitisfinetomorrow. 15until直到… Hedidntle__euntileleven.瞬间动词用于not…until结构 Hestayedthereuntileleven. 16while当…时候,而表示对比 WhileIstayedthereImetafriendofmine.while后不可用瞬间动词 Mypenisredwhilehisisblue. 17for因为 Hewasillforhedidntcome.结论是推断出来的 18sin__自从… Ih__elivedheresin__myuncleleft. 19hardly…when一…就 Ihadhardlygottothestationwhenthetrainleft. 20asfaras就…来说 AsfarasIknowthatcountryisvery__all. You__ywalkasfarasthelake.一直走到湖那里II.例题 例1Johnplaysfootball____ifnotbetterthanD__id. AaswellBaswellasCsowellDsowellas 解析该题意为John踢足球如果不比D__id好的话,那也踢得和D__id一样好和…一样好为aswellas.故该题正确答案为B. 例2ShethoughtIwastalkingaboutherdaughter____infactIwastalkingaboutmydaughter. AwhenBwhereCwhichDwhile 解析该处意为然而,只有while有此意思,故选D 例3Wouldyoulikeacupofcoffee____shallwegetdowntobusinessrightaway A.andB.thenC.orD.otherwise 解析该处意为或者,正确答案为C动词时态、语态 I.要点
1、一般现在时 1表示经常发生的动作或现在存在的状态,常与sometimesalwaysofteneveryday等时间状语连用如Sometimeswegoswimmingafterschool. 2表示客观真理、科学事实等如Theearthgoesroundthesun.
2、现在进行时 1表示说话时或现阶段正在进行的动作,常与nowatpresent等时间状语连用如 Whatareyoudoingnow 2和alwayscontinually等连用,表一种经常反复的动作,常含有某种情感如 Heisalwaysdoinggooddeeds.
3、现在完成时 主要表示动作发生在过去,对现在仍有影响,或动作一直延续到现在,或可能还要继续下去,常与justalreadysofaron__never等词连用如:H__eyoueverbeentoBei___g
4、一般将来时 表示将来某一时间要发生的动作或存在的状态,常与tomorrownextyear等连用如 Illmeetyouattheschoolgatetomorrowmorning. WeregoingtoseeafilmnextMonday.
5、一般过去时 表示在过去某一时间或某一阶段内发生的动作或存在的状态,常与yesterdaylastyearin1998amomentago等词连用如Ithappened__nyyearsago.
6、过去进行时 表示过去某一时刻或某一时期正在发生的动作如 Whatwereyoudoingthistimeyesterday
7、过去完成时 表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作如 Thetrainhadalreadyleftbeforewearrived.
8、一般过去将来时 表示说话人从过去的角度来看将来发生的动作如 Hesaidhewouldcomebuthedidnt.
9、被动语态被动语态的时态,以give为例 时/式 一般 进行 完成 现在amis givenareamis beingarehas beengivenh__e 过去was givenwerewas beinggivenwerehadbeengiven 将来shall begivenwillshall h__ebeengivenwill 过去将来should begivenwouldshould h__ebeengivenwould II.例题 例1Ilearnedthatherfather____in
1950. Ahad___dB___dCdeadDisdead 解析该题正确答案为B从句中的谓语动词动作虽然发生在主句谓语动词的动作之前,但因从句中有明确的过去时间状语in1950所以不用过去完成时态,而用一般过去时态 例2Thefive-year-oldgirl____byherparents. AislookedBhaslookedfor CisbeinglookedforDhasbeenlooked 解析该题正确答案为C在带有介词的动词短语用于被动语态句中,介词不能省,否则就变成了不及物动词短语,而不能用于被动语态的句子中短语动词 I.要点 英语中有许多短语动词在意义上是一个整体,其用法有的相当于及物动词,有的相当于不及物动词,有的兼有及物动词和不及物动词的特征英语短语动词的构成主要有以下六种 1动词+介词 常见的有lookforlookaftersendforcareaboutaskforlaughathearoffromaddtoleadto等这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后如 Dontlaughatothers. Ididntcareaboutit. 2动词+副词 常见的有giveuppickupthinkoverfindouthandinpointout等这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词,既可放在副词前边,又可放在副词后边;宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词,则要放在副词前边如Youllhandinyourhomeworktomorrow. Pleasedontforgettohanditin. 3动词+副词+介词 常见的有lookdownupongoonwithbreakawayfromadduptocatchupwith等这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边如 Allhismoneyaddeduptonomorethan$
100. Afterashortresthewentonwithhisresearchwork. 4动词+名词+介词 常见的有takecareof__keuseofpayattentionto__kefunof等这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边如Youshouldpayattentiontoyourhandwriting. Weshould__kefulluseofourtime. 5动词+形容词 常见的有le__eopensetfreecutopen等这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词,则宾语可放在形容词的前边,也可放在后边;宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词,则必须放在形容词前边如 Theprisonersweresetfree. Hecutitopen. 6动词+名词 常见的有takepla____kefriends等这类短语动词用作不及物动词如 Thisstorytookpla__threeyearsago. I__kefriendswithalotofpeople. 7辨析 giveaway让给,暴露和giveup放弃,停止 putaway放起,收起和putout扑灭 turnup出席,放大和turnon打开 keepout阻止和keepoff不让靠近 __keup编造,补上和__keout辨认 takeoff脱,起飞和takeout拿出 II.例题 例1Itiswisetoh__esomemoney____foroldage. AputawayBkeptupCgivenawayDlaidup 解析该题正确uot;;giveaway意为分发;layup贮藏例2Heresmycard.Letskeepin____. AtouchBrelationCconnectionDfriendship 解析该题正确答案为A.keepintouch为短语动词,意为保持__ 例3____!Theresatraincoming. ALookoutBLookaroundCLookforwardDLookon 解析该题选A.lookout意为小心动词不定式 I.要点
1、不定式的形式以动词write为例 式|语态主动语态被动语态 一般式towritetobewritten 完成式toh__ewrittentoh__ebeenwritten 进行式tobewriting 完成进行式toh__ebeenwriting
2、不定式的句__能 1作主语 Tohearfromyouisni__. Tobeagoodteacherisnoteasy. 不定式作主语时,为了保持句子的平衡,往往以it作形式主语,而不定式置于谓语动词后如Itsni__tohearfromyou. Itsnoteasytobeagoodteacher. 2作宾语 通常用于wanthopewishlikeneedhatebeginstartrememberagreelearnpretendrefuse__nagehelp等词后如Iforgottolockthedoor. Pleaseremembertowritetome. 3作表语 Myjobistopickupletters. Heseemedtoh__eheardnothing. 4作定语 不定式作定语时,须放在它所修饰的名词或代词后如 Ih__etwoletterstowrite. Ih__ealotofworktodo. 5作宾补 通常用于wantwishaskorder____knowhelpadviseallowcausefor__等词后如 Heorderedhertole__eaton__. Hewasfor__dtoobeyhisorder. 6作状语 Hegotupearlytocatchthefirstbus. Heworkedhardtocatchupwiththeotherstudents. 7作__成分 To____youthetruthItoldalie. 8疑问词+不定式结构如 Idontknowhowtochoosethem. Icannotdecidewheretogo. 9不定式的否定式如 Idecidednottogo. 10不定式的完成式如 Heseemedtoh__ecleanedtheroombeforeIcamein. Theboyissaidtoh__ebeensenttothehospitallastweek. 11too…to结构如 Hewastooexcitedtogotosleep. Hewasonlytoogladtogo.他太高兴了,乐意去 12主动表被动如 Thebookiseasytoread. Ih__eabooktoread. II.例题 例1Ih__entgotachair____. AtositBfortositonCtositonDforsitting 解析该题选C不定式tositon在句中作定语,修饰名词chair.因为不定式和它所修饰的名词间是动宾关系,所以不定式必须是及物动词,故此处on不能省略 例2Hewas__de____.AgoBgoneCgoingDtogo 解析该题选D__ke__.dosth.如果是被动形式,不定式do前的to不能省略 例3Anewfactoryis____verysoon. AtobebuiltBbuilt CtobuildDtobuilding解析该题选Aistobebuilt意为将要被建没事就用这些词练练你的嘴皮子~~●说吧,你是想死呢还是不想活了?●好久没有人把牛皮吹的这么清新脱俗了!●你给我滚,马不停蹄的滚……●人人都说我丑,其实我只是美得不明显●无理取闹必有所图!_________________________________________________●天被熬亮了●不是路不平,而是你不行●恶心妈妈抱着恶心哭得很伤心,___呢?因为恶心死了……●要不是打不过你,我早就和你翻脸了●我这心碎得,捧出来跟饺子馅似的_________________________________________________●没人牵手,我就揣兜●我的兴趣爱好可分为静态和动态两种,静态就是睡觉,动态就是翻身…●唉~这人要一没正形,连头痛都是偏的●我这人不太懂音乐,所以时而不靠谱,时而不着调●怎么会突然想哭?难道我也有些逆流成河的小忧伤?_________________________________________________●好漂亮的__叔叔啊!●我不跟猪摔跤有两个原因首先这让我自己变得很脏,其次这让猪很高兴●没事偷着乐是不太可能了偷着胖还是有点儿希望.●放下屠刀立地成佛的意思是,你放下屠刀的那一刻对方把你砍成两瓣儿了●没事可做时,觉得最累_________________________________________________●李碧华说过什么叫多余?夏天的棉袄,冬天的蒲扇,还有等我已经心冷后你的殷勤●永远年轻,永远装嫩,永远不知好歹,永远热泪盈眶●我爸面对我发胖一事发表了看法没有韩红的命,还得了韩红的病●你来我信你不会走,你走我当你没来过——我们该这样对待缘分与爱●曾以为我是那崖畔的一枝花,后来才知道,不过是人海一粒渣_________________________________________________●荡气回肠,消化不良 ●女人喜欢长的坏坏的男人并不是喜欢长坏了的男人..●麻子不叫麻子,坑人●江湖险恶,不行就撤!●不敲几下,你不可能知道一个人或一个西瓜的好坏_________________________________________________●孤独的人常表现得很坚强;寂寞的人则多半温和 ●大笑是绽放的微笑●我的意中人是个绝色大__,终于有一天她会骑着喷火的恐龙来嫁给我 的,可是我看见了她的坐骑,却没有看见她的主人●孤单是一个人的狂欢,狂欢是一群人的孤单●虽不安分,也该守己_________________________________________________●人不犯我,我不犯人人若犯我,我就生气!●别逼我,否则我伟大起来,一发不可收拾●我们是平凡的人,我们也是特别的人,所以我们是特别平凡的人●那个人敢说自己纯净?瞧你那眼神就透着浑浊●没有什么比弱者对强者的鄙视更无力了_________________________________________________●如有雷同,纯属你抄我●笨鸟先飞,笨猪先肥●当你的眼泪忍不住要流出来的时候,睁大眼睛,千万别眨眼,你会看到世界由清晰到模糊的全过程●告诉你别逼我,你要是再逼我,我就装死给你看●年轻算什么,谁没年轻过?你老过吗?真是的_________________________________________________●别用世故的样子来武装自己,它会水土不服●解释就是掩饰,掩饰就是编故事●所谓门槛,过去了便是门,过不去就成了槛●陌生阻止你认识陌生的事物,熟悉妨碍你理解熟悉的事物●人生的悲哀就在于,当你想两肋插刀的时候,却只有一把刀_________________________________________________●如果全是老姜,将是一个何等辛辣的社会●狮子不会因为听到狗吠而回头●水越深,水流越平稳●在你不当回事的时候,一切就好了起来●无论是国王还是农夫,只要能在自己家里找到安宁,他就是最幸福的人_________________________________________________●一分钱一分货稀饭吃了不经饿.●水壶啊,你___哭泣,是因为__太烫了吗●如果命运抓住了伱的喉咙,伱就挠命运嘚胳肢窝●拦着成长的不是幼稚,而是自以为成熟●如果命运折断了你的腿,他会教你如何跛行__________________________________________________●打死你我也不说●左脑全是水,右脑全是面粉,不动便罢了,一动全是浆糊●挣钱就像用针掘地,花钱就像水渗进土里●我也有要去的地方,只是我要去的地方,没道路通向那里●你浪费的粮食都会堵在你去往天堂的路上__________________________________________________●生活是丰富多彩的,但我也有自己的颜色●如果有一天我失踪了,只有两种可能身体在旅行,或者灵魂在旅行●讓人格与腦門一同閃亮●你的丑和你的脸没有关系●我从来没有欺骗过你,因为我从来没有欺骗你的必要__________________________________________________●我可以选择放弃,但我不能放弃选择●天没降大任于我,照样苦我心志,劳我筋骨●也许似乎大概是,然而未必不见得●再过一百年,就长成了参天大葱●幸福就是当你照镜子的时候,喜欢你看到的那个人 。