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主旨要义题的题型特点与解题技巧高考阅读理解中的主旨大意题包括主题(topic、su__ect、__inidea、generalidea)型和标题(title)型两类在确定文章的标题title的时候,我们要以文章的中心为依托但应注意的是,中心大意不完全等同于标题文章的中心较为详细地陈述文章的内容,而文章的标题则通常情况下较为简明,而且通常是名词或名词短语一.正确选项的特点1标题概括类题目体现概括性,(最大程度上覆盖全文);针对性标题不能过大或过小;醒目性可吸引读者2中心思想类题目体现全面性,避免以偏概全;3段落大意类题目体现针对性,避免张冠李戴二.干扰项的特点
1.以偏概全干扰项只阐述了文章的一部分内容,也就是文章的局部信息
2.断章取义干扰项常常以文章中的个别信息或个别字眼作为选项的设置内容,或者以次要的事实或细节冒充全文的主要观点
3.主题扩大干扰项所归纳、概括的范围过大,超过文章实际所讨论的内容
4.张冠李戴命题者有意地把属于A的特征放在B的身上,构成一个干扰项考生不注意的情况下,会造成错选答案
5.无中生有,似是而非有的干扰项中的关键词语好似在文章中谈到了,但认真分析之后你会发现这类干扰项的内容与文章的内容毫无__
三、解题技巧1主题句在开头.模式:总---分----分即开门见山.新闻报道说明文议论文常用此方式.2主题句在末尾.模式:分---分---总即先摆事实后作结论.3主题句在中间.模式:分---总---分引言---主题---解析或提问---回答-----解析
4.根据首尾抓大意首尾呼应模式:总---分---总5无住题句归纳各段要点抓大意..6找高频词.
四、实例分析实例分析1Sometimesyou’llhearpeoplesaythatyoucan’tloveothersuntilyouloveyourself.Sometimesyou’llhearpeoplesaythatyoucan’texpectsomeoneelsetoloveyouuntilyouloveyourself.Eitherwayyou’vegottoloveyourselffirstandthiscanbetricky.Sureweallknowthatwe’retheappleofourparents’eyesandthatourGrand__sthinkwe’regreattalentsandourUncleRobertsthinkthatwewillgototheOlympicsbutsometimesit’salothardertothinksuchni__thoughtsaboutourselves.Ifyoufindthatbelievinginyourselfisachallengeitistimeyoubuildapositiveself-i__geandlearntoloveyourself.Self-i__geisyourownmind’spictureofyourself.Thisi__geincludesthewayyoulookthewayyouactthewayyoutalkandthewayyouthink.Interestinglyourself-i__gesareoftenquitedifferentfromthei__gesothersholdaboutus.Unfortunatelymostofthesei__gesaremorenegativethantheyshouldbe.Thuschangingthewayyouthinkaboutyourselfisthekeytochangingyourself-i__geandyourwholeworld.Thebestwaytodefeatapassiveself-i__geistostepbackanddecidetostressyoursuc__sses.Thatis__kealistifyouneedtobutwritedownallofthegreatthingsyoudoeveryday.Don’tallowdoubtstooccurinit.Itverywellmightbethatyouareexperiencinganegativeself-i__gebecauseyoucan’tmovepastoneflaworweaknessthatyouseeaboutyourself.Wellrollupyoursleevesand__keachangeofitasyourpri__rytask.Ifyouthinkyou’resillybecauseyouaren’tgoodat__thfindatutor.Ifyouthinkyou’reweakbecauseyoucan’trunamilegettothetrackandpracti__.Ifyouthinkyou’redullbecauseyoudon’twearthelatesttrendsbuyafewnewclothes.Butrememberjustbecauseyouthinkitdoesn’tmeanit’strue.Thebestwaytogetridofanegativeself-i__geistorealizethatyouri__geisfarfromo__ectiveandtoactivelyconvin__yourselfofyourpositivequalities.Changingthewayyouthinkandworkingonthoseyouneedtoimprovewillgoalongwaytowardspromotingapositiveself-i__ge.Whenyoucanpat拍yourselfonthebackyou’llknowyou’rewellonyourway.Goodluck!(2008年广东卷阅读理解B篇)
49.Whatisthepassage__inlyaboutA.Howtoprepareforyoursuc__ss.B.Howtofa__challengesinyourlife.C.Howtobuildapositiveself-i__ge.D.Howtodevelopyourgoodqualities.实例分析2SomethinginchocolatecouldbeusedtostopcoughsandleadtomoreeffectivemedicinessayUKresearchers.Theirstudyfoundthattheobrominefoundincocoawasnearlyathirdmoreeffectiveinstoppingcoughsthancodeinewhichwasconsideredthebestcoughmedicineatpresent.TheImperialCollegeLondonresearcherswhopublishedtheirresultsonlinesaidthediscoverycouldleadtomoreeffectivecoughtreatment.“Whilecoughingisnotne__ssarilyharmful有害的itcanh__ea__joreffectonthequalityoflifeandthisdiscoverycouldbeahugestepforwardintreatingthisproblem”saidProfessorPeterBarnes.Tenhealthyvolunteers志愿者weregiventheobrominecodeineorpla__boapillthatcontainsnomedicineduringtheexperiment.Neitherthevolunteersnortheresearchersknewwhore__ivedwhichpill.Theresearchersthenmeasuredlevelsofcapsaicinwhichisusedinresearchtocausecoughingandasasignofhowwellthemedicinearestoppingcoughs.Theteamfoundthatwhenthevolunteersweregiventheobrominethecapsaicinneedtoprodu__acoughwasaroundathirdhigherthaninthepla__bogroup.Whentheyweregivencodeinetheyneedonlyslightlyhigherleversofcapsaicintocauseacoughcomparedwiththepla__bo.Theresearcherssaidthattheobromineworkedbykeepingdownaverveactivity神经活动whichcausecoughing.Theyalsofoundthatunlikesomestandardcoughtreatmentstheobrominecausednosideeffectssuchassleepiness.(2008年全国卷阅读理解D篇)
56.WhichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetextA.Codeine:ANewMedicine B.Chocolate__yCureCoughsC.CoughTreatment:AHardCase D.TheobromineCanCauseCoughs实例分析3Doyouwanttolivewithastrongsenseofpea__fulnesshappinessgoodnessandself-respectThecollectionofhappinessactionsbroadlycategorizedas“honor”helpyoucreatethislifeofgoodfeelings.Here’sanexampletoshowhowhonorableactionscreatehappiness.…Thereisabeautifulpositivecyclethatiscreatedbylivingalifeofhonorableactions.Honorablethoughtsleadtohonorableactions.Honorableactionsleadustoahappierexisten__.Andit’seasytothinkandacthonorablyagainwhenwe’rehappy.Whilethepositivecyclecanbedifficulttostarton__it’sstartedit’seasytocontinue.Keepingondoinggooddeedsbringsuspea__ofmindwhichisimportantforourhappiness.(2007年广东卷阅读B篇)50.WhichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthispassageA.HowtoLiveTruthfullyB.Importan__ofPea__fulnessC.WaysofGainingSelf-respectD.HappinessthroughHonorableActions实例分析4He’sanoldcobbler修鞋匠withashopinthe__raisahistoricareainParis……WhenIgotbackoutintothestreettheworldseemedbrand-newtome.Hewassomethingoutofanancientlegend…aboveallhisprideinhiscraft.Thesearetimeswhennothingisimportantbutthebottomlinewhenyoucandothingsanyoldwayaslongasit“pays”wheninshortpeoplelookonworkasapathtoever-increasingconsumption消费ratherthanawaytorealizetheirownabilities.Insuchaperioditisararecomforttofindacobblerwhogetshisgreatestsatisfactionfromprideinajobwelldone.(2006年广东卷阅读B篇)63.Thisstorywantsto____usthat_________.A.craft__en__kealotofmoneyB.whateveryoudodoitwellC.craft__enneedself-respectD.peoplearebornequal实例分析5How__nypeopleh__eImetwhoh__etoldmeaboutthebooktheyh__ebeenplanningtowritebuth__eneveryetfoundthetimeFartoo__ny.ThisisLifeallrightbutwedotreatitlikearehearsal排演andunhappilywedomissso__nyofitsbestmoments.…(2006年广东卷阅读D篇)68.Thefirstparagraphofthepassage____susthat_______.A.wealwaystrytofindsometimetowriteabookB.wealways__keplansbutseldomfulfillthemC.wealwaysenjoy__nyoflife’sbestmomentsD.wealwaysdowhatwereallywanttodo学以致用
(一)1AlbertEinsteinwho__degreatcontributionstopeoplewasregardedasoneofthegreatestscientistsintheworld.On__therewasayoung__nwhodislikeddoinganythingbutwantedtobesuc__ssful.HeaskedEinsteinto____himthesecretofsuc__ss:Einsteinwrotehimaformula:A=X+Y+Z.Seeingthistheyoung__ngotpuzzled.Sohehadtoaskwhatitmeant.Einsteinexplainedittohim“Astandsforsuc__ssandXstandsfortheproperwayandYhardwork…”“AndwhataboutZ”Theyoung__naskedanxiouslyexpectingtogetwhathewanted.“Zstandsforlessemptytalkandmorehardwork..”AnsweredEinsteinslowly.Onhearingthesetheyoung__nslippedawayfeelingashamedofhimself.Thetitlethatbestexpressestheideaofthepassageis___________.A.AlbertEinsteinB.oneofthegreatestscientistsC.thesecretofsuc__ssD.ayoung__n2Asahu__nbeingyou__yh__ethechoi__ofthreebasicattitudestowardslife.You__yapproachlifewiththephilosophyofthevegetableinwhichcaseyourlifewillconsistinbeingborneatingdrinkingsleeping__tinggrowingoldanddying.Thesecondbasicattitudeistolookatlifeasifitwereabusiness.Agreat__nyso-calledsuc__ssfulmenandwomenbelievethatlifeisabusinessandtheyarrangetheirconductsandbeh__ioraccordingly.Ifyoubelievethatlifeisabusinessyourfirstquestionoflifenaturallyis“WhatdoIgetoutofit”andyourfirstreactiontoanynewexperien__is”Howmuchisthisworthtome”Inawordbasedonthisattitudehappinessbecomesa__tterofsuc__ssfulcompetition.Thegreat__jorityofhu__nbeingstodaylookatlifeasifitwereabusiness.Theirbasicphilosophyisoneofcompetitionandefficiency.Thethirdattitudetowardlifeistheapproachoftheartist.Herethebasicphilosophyis“WhatcanIputintoit”andthebasicrelationoftheindividualtohisfellow-menisoneofco-operationandcommonsense.Thispointofviewhasbeenprovedbyhistory;forhistoryremembersbestthosewhoh__econtributedmostrichlytotheinterestsoftheirfellow-men.Themoreweinvestigateandthemorewelearnaboutlivingthemorewebecomeconvin__dthattheartisticattitudeistheonlyonewhichisconsistentwithhu__nhappiness.What’sthe__inideaofthepassageA.You__yh__ethreeattitudestolife.B.You__yapproachlifewiththephilosophy.C.Theattitudetowardlifeistheapproachoftheartist.D.Happinessbecomesa__tterofsuc__ssfulcompetition.3Aswepro__edthroughlifewearefa__dwith__nytypesofsituations.Eachsituationrequiredustobeh__eindifferentways.We__ybefa__dwithalargeprojectwhichinordertobeaccomplishedefficientlyde__ndsthecooperationofeachperson.Inthisinstan__wemustbeflexiblesupportiveandbewillingtocompromise.Eachpersonisonlya__allpartofamuchlarge__chine.Beingcompetitivealsoplaysaroleinlife.Thedesiretosuc__edanddobetterthanothersinspiresustoworkharder.Iftherewasnocompetitionasportsmeetwouldneverbeexcitingandsuc__ssful;wecouldneverh__echampions.Tosuc__edinlifewemustlearntobebothcooperativeandcompetitive.Themostimportantthingtolearninlifeistoknowwhentobecooperativeandwhentobecompetitive.Whichofthefollowingcanbestsum__rizeParagraph1A.Wemustlearnwhentobecooperativeandwhentobecompetitive.B.Tosuc__edinlifewemustlearncooperation.C.Eachpersonisonlya__allpartofamuchlarge__chine.D.Beingcompetitivealsoplaysaroleinlife.4Onthenightofthe_____Merlinrolledintotheroomplayingtheviolin.Everyonewasastonishedtoseehim.Therewasjustoneproblem.Merlinhadnowaytostophisrollerskater.Herolledonandon.Suddenlyheranintoahugemirrorthatwashandingonthewall.Downfellthemirrorbreakingtopie__s.NobodyforgotMerlin‘sgrandentran__foralongtime!Whatisthe__inpointthewriteristryingto__keintheparagraphA.Therollerskatesneededfurtherimprovement.B.The_____gueststookMerlinforafool.C.Merlinsuc__ededbeyondexpectation.D.Merlingothimselfintotrouble.5Thinkingissomethingyouchoosetodoasafishchoosetoliveinwater.Tobehu__nistothink.Butthinking__ycomenaturallywithoutyouknowinghowyoudoit.Thinkingaboutthinkingisthekeytocritical判断性的thinking.Whenyouthinkcriticallyyoutakecontrolofyouthinkingpro__sses.Otherwiseyoumightbecontrolledbytheideasofothers.Indeedcriticalthinkingisattheheartofeducation.Theword“critical”herehasaspecialmeaning.Itdoesnotmeantakingoneviewagainstanotherviewaswhensomeonecriticizesanotherpersonfordoingsomethingwrong.Thenatureofthecriticalthinkingisthinkingbeyondtheeasilyseen-----beyondthepicturesonTVtheuntruereportsinthenewspapersandthefaultyreasoning.Criticalthinkingisanattitudeasmuchasanactivity.Ifyouarecuriousaboutlifeanddesiretodigdeeperintoityouareacriticalthinker.Ifyoufindpleasureindeepthinkingaboutdifferentideascharactersandfactsyouareacriticalthinker.Activitiesofthemindarepro__ssesofdeepandcarefulconsideration.Theytaketimeanddonotgohandinhandwiththefastspeedintoday’sworld:fastfoodsinstantcoffeeandself-developingfilm.Ifyouareamongthepeoplewhobelievethatspeedisameasureofin____igen__you__ylearnsomethingnewfromastoryaboutAlbertEinstein.ThefirsttimeBanishHoff__nascientistwastodiscusshisworkwithAlbertEinsteinHoff__nwastoonervoustospeak.ButEinsteinimmediatelyputCoff__nateasebysaying”Pleasegoslowly.Idon’tunderstandthingsquickly.”WhatwouldbethebesttitleofthepassageA.ThinkingandCriticalThinkingB.ThinkingisNaturalandHu__nC.UnderstandingCriticalThinkingD.ThinkingFastMeansIn____igen__学以致用
(二)1 Nowit’simportantforthe__nagersinacompanytounderstandwhattheircustomerswantiftheyaregoingtodevelopeffective__rketingstrategies策略.Therearevariouswaysofdoingthis.Onewayatsuper__rketsforexampleistointerviewcustomerswhilethey’redoingtheirshopping.Theycanbeaskedwhattheyprefertobuyandthentheresultsoftheresearchcanbestu___d.Thisprovidesinfor__tiononwhichtobasefuture__rketingstrategies.It’salsoquitenor__lfortop__nagersfromdepartmentstorestospendadayortwoeachmonthvisitingstoresandmixingfreelywiththepublicasiftheywereordinarycustomerstogetanideaofhowcustomersact. Anotherwaytogetinfor__tionfromcustomersistogivethemsomething…italsoallowsthe__nagerstogetafeelforwheretoattractcustomersandwhichage-groupstoattract.Anotherstrategyusedatsomewell-knownparkssuchasDisneylandisfortop__nagerstospendatleastonedayintheirwork…安徽
67.The__inideaofthetextis_________.A.howtodo__rketresearchB.howtodevelop__rketingstrategiesC.howtofindoutcustomers’socialneedsD.howtoencouragecustomerstospendmoremoney2IfyouaskpeopletonameonepersonwhohadthegreatesteffectontheEnglishlanguageyouwillgetanswerslike“Shakespeare”“SamuelJohnson”and“Webster”butnoneofthesemenhadanyeffectatallcomparedtoa__nwhodidn’tevenspeakEnglish——WilliamtheConqueror.Before1066inthelandwecallGreatBritainlivedpeoplesbelongingtotwo__jorlanguagegroups…Butthisstateofaffairsdidnotlast.In1066theNormanledbyWilliamdefeatedtheSaxonsandbegantheirruleoverEnglandforabouta__nturyFrenchbecametheofficiallanguageofEnglishwhileOldEnglishbecamethelanguageofpeasants.AsaresultEnglishwordsofpoliticsandlawcomefromFrenchratherthanGer__n.InsomecasesmodernEnglishevenshowsadistinctionbetweenupper-classFrenchandlower-classAnglo--Saxoninitswords…WhenAmericansvisitEuropeforthefirsttimetheyusuallyfindGermanymore“foreign”thanFrancebecausetheGer__ntheyseeonsignsandadvertisementsseemsmuchmoredifferentfromEnglishthanFrenchdoes.FewrealizethattheEnglishlanguageisactuallyGer__nicinitsbeginningandthattheFrenchinfluen__sarealltheresultofone__n’sambition.全国
70.Whatisthesu__ectdiscussedinthetextA.ThehistoryofGreatBritain.B.ThesimilaritybetweenEnglishandFrench.C.TheruleofEnglandbyWilliamtheConqueror.D.TheFrenchinfluen__sontheEnglishlanguage.3For__nturiestheonlyformofwrittencorresponden__通信wastheletterswereandaresentbysomeformofpostalservi__thehistoryofwhichgoesbackalongway.IndeedtheEgyptiansbegansendinglettersfromabout2000BCasdidtheChineseathousandyearslater.Ofcoursemodernpostalservi__noware__rchmoredevelopedandfasterdependingastheydooncarsandplanesforedelivery.Yettheyarestilltooslow…Theinventionofthefax传真__chineincreasedthespeedofdeliveringdocumentsevenmore…Thefaxservi__isstillverymuchinusewhencopiesofdocumentsrequiretobesentbutasawayoffastcorresponden__ithasbeenlargelytakenthepla__ofbye__il…Thereareadvantagesanddisadvantageswithe__ils.Ifyousendsomeoneane__ilthenhewillre__iveitextremelyquickly…Howeverifyouwritesomethingbye__ilwhichyoumightlaterregretandsenditimmediatelythereisnochan__forsecondthoughts…
44.Thetext__inlydealswith_________.陕西A.theprogressincorresponden__B.theadvantageoffax__chinesC.theadvantageofe__ilsD.theinventionoffax__chines4[2009年安徽卷]Rememberingnamesisanimportantsocialskill.Herearesomewaysto__sterit.Reciteandrepeatinconversation.Whenyouhearaperson’snamerepeatit.Immediatelysayittoyourselfseveraltimeswithoutmovingyourlips.Asktheotherpersontoreciteandrepeat.Afteryou’vebeenintrodu__dtosomeoneaskthatpersontospellthename__dpronoun__itcorrectlyforyou.Admityoudon’tknow.Mostofpeoplewillfeelsympathyifyousay“I’mworkingtoremembernamesbetter.Yoursisrightonthetipofmytongue.Whatisitagain”Limitthenumberofnewnamesyoulearnatonetime.Whenmeetingagroupofpeoplecon__ntrateonrememberingjusttwoorthreenames.Freeyourselffromrememberingeveryone.Anotherwayistolimityourselftolearningjustfirstnames.Lastnamescancomelater.Goearly.Considergoingearlytoconferen__spartiesandclasses.Sometimesjustafewpeopleshowupontime.That’sfewernamesforyoutoremember.Andasmorepeoplearriveyoucanhearthembeingintrodu__dtoothers—anauto__ticreviewforyou.
59.Whatdoesthetext__inly____usA.Tipsonanimportantsocialskill.B.Importan__ofattendingparties.C.Howto__keuseofassociations.D.Howtoreciteandrepeatnames.5[2009年重庆卷]SirStevenRedgr__ewinnerof5OlympicGoldMedalson__said“In1997Iwasfoundtoh__edevelopeddiabetes糖尿病.Believingmycareer职业生涯wasoverIfeltextremelylow.ThenoneofthespecialistssaidtherewasnoreasonwhyIshouldstoptrainingandcompeting.Thatwasit—theencouragementIneeded.IcouldstillbeawinnerifIbelievedinmyself.Iamnotsayingthatitisn’tdifficultsometimes.ButIwantedtoprovetomyselfthatIwasn’tfinishedyet.Nothingistostandinmyway.”
61.WhatdoesSirStevenRedgr__e__inlytalkaboutA.Difficultiesinfluen__dhiscareer.B.Specialistsofferedhimmedicaladvi__.C.Traininghelpedhimdefeathisdisease.D.Heovercametheshadowofillnesstowin.6[2009湖北卷]WhenIwassevenmyfatherg__emeaTimexmyfirstwatch.Iloveditworeitforyearsandh__en’thadanotheronesin__itstoppedtickingadecadeago.WhyBecauseIdon’tneedone.Ih__eamobilephoneandI’malwaysnearsomeonewithaniPodorsomethinglikethat.Allthesedevi__s装置____thetime----whichiswhyifyoulookaroundyou’llseelotsofemptywrists;salesofwatchestoyoung_____sh__ebeengoingdownsin__
2007.Butwhilethewiseh__erealizedthattheydon’tneedthemothers----apparentlyincludingsomedistinguishedmenofourtime----arespendingtotalfortunesonthem.BrandssuchasRolexPatekPhilippeandBreitlingcom__ndshockingpri__supto£250000forapie__.…Butthesedaysallwatches____thetimeaswellasallotherwatches.…Sowhypaythatmuchoffiveyears’schoolfeesforwatchesthatallowyoutodothesethingsWatchesarenowclassifiedas“investments”投资.A1994Philippere__ntlysoldfornearly£350000while1960sRolexesh__egonefrom£15000to£30000plusinayear.Butawatchisnotaninvestment.It’saa__tteroffashion.Butwhenfashionmovesontheownerofthat£350000beautywillsuddenlyfindhisprideandjoyisnomoreagoodinvestmentthanmychildhoodTimex.
64.WhichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassageA.TimexorRolexB.MyChildhoodTimexC.WatchesNotforMe!D.Watches----aValuableCollection7[2009福建卷]Wealreadyknowthefastestleastexpensivewaytoslowcli__techange:Uselessenergy.Withalittleeffortandnotmuchmoneymostofuscouldredu__ourenergy___tsby25per__ntormore—doingtheEarthaf__orwhilealsohelpingourwallets.…Scientistsh__ereportedre__ntlythattheworldisheatingupevenfasterthanpredictedonlyafewyearsagoandthattheconsequen__scouldbesevereifwedon’tkeepreducingemissions(排放)ofcarbondioxide(CO2)andothergreenhousegasesthataretrappingheatinouratmosphere.Wedecidedtotryanexperiment.ForonemonthwerecordedourpersonalemissionsofCO
2..Wewantedtoseehowmuchwecouldcutbacksowewentonastrict___t.The__erageUShousehold家庭produ__sabout150poundsofCO2adaybydoingcommon-pla__thingsliketurningonair-conditioningordrivingcars.That’smorethantwi__theEuropean__erageandalmostfivetimestheglobal__eragemostlybecauseAmericansdrivemoreandh__ebiggerhouses.Buthowmuchshouldwetrytoredu__…“Tostaybelowthatpointweneedtoredu__CO2emissionsby80per__nt”hesaid.Goodadvi__Ithought.We’dgottensousedtokeepingourair-conditioninggoingaroundtheclock.I’dalmostforgottenthewindowsevenopened.Weshouldnotletthishappenagain.It’stimeforustochangeourhabitsifne__ssary.
79.WhichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthispassageA.S__ingEnergyStartsatHomeB.ChangingOurHabitsBeginsatWorkC.ChangingCli__teSoundsReasonableD.ReducingEmissionsofCO2ProvesDifficult8Doyouwanttolivewithastrongsenseofpea__fulnesshappinessgoodnessandself-respectThecollectionofhappinessactionsbroadlycategorizedas“honor”helpyoucreatethislifeofgoodfeelings.Here’sanexampletoshowhowhonorableactionscreatehappiness.Thereisabeautifulpositivecyclethatiscreatedbylivingalifeofhonorableactions.Honorablethoughtsleadtohonorableactions.Honorableactionsleadustoahappierexisten__.Anditseasytothinkandacthonorablyagainwhenwe’rehappy.Whilethepositivecyclecanbedifficulttostarton__itsstarteditseasytocontinue.Keepingondoinggooddeedsbringsuspea__ofmindwhichisimportantforourhappiness.2007广东B
50.WhichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthispassageA.HowtoLiveTruthfullyB.Importan__ofPea__fulnessC.WaysofGainingSelf-respectD.HappinessthroughHonorableActions9How__nypeopleh__eImetwhoh__etoldmeaboutthebooktheyh__ebeenplanningtowritebuth__eneveryetfoundthetimeFartoo__ny.ThisisLife…Wetakejobstostayaliveandprovidehomesforourfamiliesalways__kingourselvesbelievethatthisstyleoflifeismerelyatemporarystateofaffairsalongtheroadtowhatwereallywanttodo.Thenat60or65wearesuddenlypresentedwithaclockandseveralgrandchildrenandwelookbackandrealizethatallthoseyearswaitingforRealLifetocomealongwereinfactreallife.InAmericatheyh__easayingmuchlaughedatbytheEnglish“H__eani__day”theyspeakslowlyandseriouslyintheirshopshotelsandsandwichbars.Ithinkitisawonderfulphraseremindingusineffecttoenjoythemoment:tovaluethisveryday.Howoftendowesaytoourselves“I’lltakeuphorse-ridingorgolforsailingassoonasIgetahigherposition”onlytodononeofthosethingswhenIdogetthehigherposition…
71.Whatisprobablythebesttitleforthepassage2006年广东阅读D71A.ProvideHomesForOurFamilyB.TakeUpHorse-ridingC.ValueThisVeryDayD.StayAlive10Beingconsideredaleaderinoursocietyisindeedofhighpraise.Leadershipmeanspowercom__ndsrespectandmostimportantencouragesachievement.UnlikevitaminCleadershipskillscan’tbeeasilyswalloweddown.Theymustbecarefullycultivated.Differentfrompopularbeliefmostgoodleadersare__denotborn.Theylearntheirskillsintheireverydaylives.ButwhichdotheydevelopHowdotheyandhowcanyougetotherstofollowAlwaysgivecredit….Givingpubliccredittosomeonewhohasearneditisthebestleadershiptechniqueintheworld…“Catchpeopledoingsomethingright!”hesays.Then____everyoneaboutit.Takeinformedrisks.“Thebestleadersknowthattakingariskisnotathoughtlessexercise”…Butifyouwanttobealeaderyoumustlearntofail…Encourageenthusia__热情….Beenthusiasticyourself--Youwillbefollowedbyeveryone.2005年广东B
6363.WhichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthepassageA.LeadershipIsofSkillsandTechniquesB.LeadershipIsVeryImportantC.Not__nyCanBeLeadersD.HowtoBeaLeader11Shoppingisnotas______asyou__ythink!Thereareallsortsoftricksatplayeachtimewereachoutforthatparticularbrandofproductontheshelf.Colouringforexamplevariesaccordingtowhattheprodu__rsaretryingtosell.Healthfoodsarepackagedingreensyellowsorbrownsbecausewethinkoftheseashealthycolours.I__creampacketsareoftenblueandexpensivegoodslikechocolatesaregoldorsilver.…Thesizeofaproductcanattractashopper.Butquiteoftenabottledoesn’tcontainasmuchasitappearsto.Itisbelievedthatthebetter-knowncompaniesspendon__erage70per__ntofthetotalcostoftheproductitselfonpackaging!
67.WhichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthistextA.Choi__ofGoodProductsB.DisadvantagesofProductsC.EffectofPackagingonShoppingD.BrandNamesandShoppingTricks12Differentculturesemphasize强调theimportan__ofrelationshipbuildingtoagreaterorlesserdegree.Forexamplebusinessinsomecountriesisnotpossibleuntilthereisarelationshipoftrust…Talkandsilen____yalsobedifferentinsomecultures.Ion____deaspeechinThailand.Ihadexpectedmyspeechtobeasuc__ssandstartalivelydiscussion;insteadtherewasanuncomfortablesilen__.Inmyowncultureweexpressmeaning__inlythroughwordsbutpeopletheresometimesfeeltoo__nywordsareunne__ssary.EvenwithinNorthernEuropeculturaldifferen__scancauseseriousproblems…Peoplefromdifferentpartsoftheworldh__edifferentvaluesandsometimesthesevaluesarequiteagainsteachother…安徽
75.WhatwouldbethebesttitleforthetextA.MulticulturalEnviro__ent.B.Cross-CulturalDifferen__s.C.HowtoUnderstandEachOther.D.HowtoBuildUpaRelationship.13H__eyoueverdreamedofvisitingaplanetintheMilkyWay银河系Whilethetripsoundsexcitingitwouldtakeyearsandyearstoreachyourdestination.Sointhefuturebedtimeforastronauts__ybemorethanafewhoursofregularshuteye.Theywouldh__etosleepforyears.Europeanresearchersarenowconductinghibernationexperiments.Thestudy__yhelpthemunderstandwhetherhu__nscouldeversleepthroughtheyearsitwouldtakeforaspa__flighttodistantplanets.Iftherewasaneffectivetechnologyitcould__kedeepspa__tr__elarealitysaid__rkAyreoftheEuropeanSpa__Agencylastmonth.Whatseemslikeascien__fictionisnotcompletelyunlikely.Researchersh__ebeenabletousechemicalstoputliving__llsintoasleeplikestatewheretheydon’tage.Theyh__enowmovedontothe__allnonhibernating__m__ls哺乳动物likerats.A__jorchallengeisthefactthat__llscanbevery______systemswhereasbodyorgansarefarmorecomplex.It’slikemovingfroma______Applecomputertoasupercomputersaid__rcoBiggiogeraahibernationresearcheratItaly’sUniversityofPavia.Justlikebearsandfrogsthehibernationofhu__nbeingswouldcauseaperson’smetaboli__新陈代谢tolowersotheywouldneedlessenergy.Medicalresearchhoweverisjusthalfofaspa__flighthibernationsystem.Thereisachallengeofdesigningasuitableprotectiveshelter.Suchashelterwouldprovidetheproperenviro__entforhibernationsuchasthepropertemperature.Itwouldalsoh__etomonitor监控lifefunctionsandservethephysiologicalneedsofthehibernator.AccordingtoAyrethesixpersonHu__nOuterPlanetsExplorationMission使命toJupiter’smoon木星的卫星Callistocouldbeanopportunitytousehu__nhibernation.ThemissionaimstosendsixpersonsonafiveyearflighttoCallistowheretheywillspend30daysin
2045.
72.Accordingtothearticlethehibernationresearch_______.A.isjustanideaB.isalwaysascien__fictionC.hasalreadyfinishedsuc__ssfullyD.has__desomeprogress
73.Inahibernatingstateapersonneeds________.A.lesssleepB.morefoodC.lessenergyD.moremovement
74.ThefirsttryofthehibernationtechnologythesixpersonHu__nOuterPlanetsExplorationMissiontoJupiter’smoonCallisto.A.willbeB.hasbeenplannedforC.is__rtaintobeD.__ybe
75.WhatisthebesttitleofthearticleA.Hibernationstudyforspa__tr__elB.Welcometoourspa__tr__elC.TohibernatetolivelongerD.WelcometotheMilkyWay实例分析1[选项分析]这是一篇议论文,主要探讨了如何树立积极的自我形象纵观全文,我们可以看出,本文呈现的形式是“提出问题—分析问题—解决问题”第一段是引子,导入话题,说明要树立积极的自我形象;第二段__通过阐述了自我形象的定义,说明了自我形象所具有的一些特征——大多数人的自我形象都比实际情况要消极得多,从而引出文章的中心论点要树立自我形象就要改变自我看法而最后的三段(第
3、
4、5段)讲的是如何避免消极的自我形象,__在这三段当中分别提到了三种方法这三种方法都说明如何避免消极的自我形象__这样写作的目的,也就是从反面说明如何建立积极的自我形象这种写作手法就是议论文当中的“反证法”现在,我们来分析各选项的特点选项A是无中生有因为本文根本就没有涉及到“成功”方面的内容选项B是断章取义命题者利用首段中最后一句中的challenge一词作为命题的依据,来设置干扰项实际上,本文根本就没有提及任何与“挑战”有关的内容选项D是以偏概全本文谈到了如何建积极的自我形象积极的自我形象只是良好的素质之一因此,这个干扰项的特点是以偏概全本题的正确答案是C实例分析2[选项分析]本文是一篇议论文文章的首句就是全文的主题句本文的主题就是巧克力可以用来治疗咳嗽,因为巧克力中含有比codeine疗效更好的theobromine后面的内容就是通过一个实验来证明这个观点因此,本题的答案应选B其他各干扰项的特点如下A项张冠李戴根据第二段的内容我们可以知道,theobromine是一种刚刚从cocoa中发现的成份,这种成份治疗咳嗽的效果比codeine更好而cocoa则是制作巧克力的主要原料因此,codeine早就用于医药上了,根本不是一种新药C项以偏概全本文谈到了咳嗽的治疗,但这并不是文章的主要内容这个选项的设置是典型的以偏概全的方式D项无中生有在本文中,文章谈到了theobromine可以用来治疗咳嗽,而不是导致咳嗽因此,此项是比较容易排除的一个干扰项通过对干扰项的探讨,我们意识到,在做主旨大意题的时候,既可以从选择正确答案入手,也可以采用排除法,排除干扰项,从而确定问题的正确答案实例分析3分析本题要求选择标题根据首段最后一句和末段最后一句,及第二段可知,诚实的行为可以给人带来幸福,故选D实例分析4分析本题要求归纳中心思想这个故事主要体现了一位技术娴熟的修鞋匠及其精益求精的做事风格最后一段,特别是最后一句体现了文章的中心,由此可知选B实例分析5分析本题要求归纳段落大意由句意“我遇到的不知多少人一直在计划写本书,但迄今为止从来没有时间写”“这样的人太多了”,可此推断出本段是告诉我们我们总是制定计划但很少能圆满完成故选B
五、学以致用答案与解析
1.C考查标题概括这个故事主要讲述了一位不喜欢工作却想成功的年轻人向科学家AlbertEinstein__他成功的秘诀,故答案为C选项A和D陈述过于笼统,范围太大选项B不具有概括性,内容空洞,不突出主题
2.A考查中心思想这篇议论文的主题句在第一段即threeattitudestolife(对人生的三种态度),因此选项A为最佳答案选项B为文中的“Thefirstattitude”选项C为文中的“Thethirdattitude”选项D只是“thesecondattitude”的其中一个要点
3.B考查段落大意找出本段的过渡词语Inthisinstan__(在这种情况下),推断__的观点“wemustbeflexiblesupportiveandbewillingtocompromise.”__的言外之意即“要成功,必须学会合作”可见B是最佳答案选项A提到“合作与竞争”为第三段的内容,选项C仅为第一段的一个要点,选项D提到“竞争在生活中也很重要”则是第二段的内容
4.C
5.CADA4A由首段的两句话可知正确选项为A选项B和C属无关信息,文中找不到依据;选项D只含局部信息,概括范围太窄5D本段没有明显的主题句,归纳全段可知正确选项为D选项A是局部信息;选项B和C,文中没有信息支持
6.C根据寻找主题句的第3个小窍门“首段出现疑问句时,对该问题的回答很可能就是文章主旨”可知Why后面的便是主题句,与此相符的只有选项C正确7A由第一段基本可以判断出答案了,再结合全文内容,及最后一句可知,改变家庭生活习惯便可节能减排
8.D
9.C
10.D
11.C
12.BE星际探索固然重要,可是怎样打发漫漫旅途呢?别急,人类冬眠技术让你一觉睡到目的地结构层次星际探索旅途遥远,漫长的时间难以打发;欧洲科学家正在研制冬眠技术;科学家们需要解决两个问题降低太空人的新陈代谢速度;给太空人提供理想的栖身处
72.D推理判断题由原文第三段可以推出答案
73.C细节判断题由原文第四段的最后一句可知
74.D推理判断题由原文最后一段的第一句话中could一词的委婉语气可推出答案
75.A标题判断题认真分析原文可知,本文自始至终介绍的是在星际探索中使用冬眠技术的研究情况,因此以Hibernationstudyforspa__tr__el为题既具有高度的概括性、强烈的针对性,又具有一定的醒目性。