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[摘要]近年来,留学生论文题目商务英语作为一种交流语言,在国际贸易当中起着越来越重要的作用我们只有在了解商务英语的语言特点之后,才能把它翻译得更好商务英语和普通英语并没有本质的差别,但因为使用环境的不同,它也就有了自己的商务特征商务英语的语言特征包括它的专业性规范性词汇的构成风格简洁紧凑和修辞特征除了了解商务英语的语言特征之外,还必须了解商务英语的翻译原则,即忠实准确一致性(faithfulnessexactnessandconsistency)
1.商务英语的界说很多内行或者笔者对于商务英语都做了没有同的界说__比拟偏偏向下面两位做的界说BusinessEnglishistheEnglishvariantofasocialfunctionisabranchofEnglishforspecificpurposeisEnglishusedinbusinessoccasionsandisakindofStandardEnglishcontainingavarietyofbusinessactivitiesandsuitingtheneedofcommer__.(FanFeiranandZhoubin2006:10)英国商务英语内行NickBrieger1997提出BusinessEnglishAreas实践Businessshouldincludelanguageknowledgecommunicationskillsculturalawarenessandothercorecontent.Englishusedintechnologyimportsforeigntradeforeign-relatedinsuran__internationaltransportforeignlaborservi__contractsandotherbusinessactivitiescanbecollectivelyreferredtoa__usinessEnglish.
2.商务英语的言语特性
2.1TheSpecializationofBusinessEnglishVocabularyandItsContent__rs.Zhangsays:ThebiggestfeatureofbusinessEnglishinvocabularyuseisusingpreciseprofessionalvocabularyincludingalotofprofessionalwordscompoundwordsabbreviationswithbusinessmeaningandsoon.ZhangXinhong,200325Commonlyusedtermsofpri__ssuchasFOBCIFh__etheirspecificprofessionalcontent.FOBfreeonboard离岸价isthetradingmeansthatthesellerdeliveryintheoriginalpla__butthebuyerisresponsibleforthefreight.CIFcostinsuran__andfreight利润费安全费加运输费的到岸__isthetradingmeansthatthesellerisresponsibleforthefreightandinsur-an__.OtherssuchasC.W.Ocashwithorder定货付款B/Lbilloflad-ing提货单L/Cletterofcredit信誉证C.O.Dcashondelivery货到付现W.P.Awithparticular__erage水渍险,bluechip蓝筹股,绩优股,baddebt呆帐andsoon.Ininternationaltradetherearealsoalotofothertermssuchasquotationandoffer报盘和发盘termsofpayment付款环境,involving__nywayssuchasM/T__iltransfer汇款T/Ttelegraphictransfer电汇D/Ddocumentsagainstpayment付款交单D/Adocumentsagainstac__ptan__承兑交单andsoon.Inbusinessofexportandimportdocumentisne__ssaryoftenincludingcommercialinvoi__生意发单billoflading货票insuran__policy安全单draft/billofexchange券别,Perfor-__invoi__方式发单customsinvoi__偏关发单__rtificateoforigin产地单据inspection__rtificate检考证书packinglist装箱单li__nse答应证andsoon.Besidesthetermsareusedtoreflecttheindicatorsof__croe-conomicdevelopment__inlyincludingGDPgrossdomesticproduct国际消费总值GNPgrossnationalproduct公民消费总值NNPnetnationalproduct公民消费净值andNInationalincome公民支出.AmongtheseGDPisthewidelyused.ForexampleEvenwhentheUnitedStatesreapedapea__dividendofmorethan2per__ntofGDPinredu__ddefensespendingafter1990itcutratherthanincreasedforeign-assistan__spendingasashareofnationalincome.TheEconomist/July14th20011990年当前增添国防收入给美国带来的战争花红高达GDP的百分之二即便正在这种情况下,美国对于外支援收入正在公民支出中的对比也没有进步,相同却降落了IftheseprofessionaltermsarentknownitisimpossibletotranslatebusinessEnglishwell.BusinessEnglishvocabularynotonlyhasitsbasicmeaningandspecificprofessionalcontentbutalsohasdifferentmeaningsinthedifferents__nes.Forexampleliquidity:basicallythisistheabilityofacompanytorepayitsshort-termdebts.ItisusuallymeasuredbythecurrentratioCurrentassets3currentliabilities.Forcompanieswithhighstocklevelstheso-calledquickratio__ybemorerelevantsin__thisexcludesstocksfromthecurrentassets.活动性,实践上是指一个公司归还短期债权的威力,一般用活动比重活动财产总额3活动欠债总额来权衡对于存货对比大的公司而言,所谓的速动比重能够更实用,由于速动比重是以活动财产总额减存货除以活动欠债而求得Intheexamplethestockdoesnotrefertoitsbasicmeaningbutinanewcontextithasanothermeaning.InbusinessEnglishtextthereareotherexamplesofthatthesamewordcanbeinterpretedindifferentmeaningsaccordingtodifferentcontexts.Suchas:1Justasinthatyearwhenthosecatastropheswerefollowedbysub-stantialincreasesininsuran__premiumsinsuresarealreadylobbyingforraterelief.就像那年的状况一样,大灾以后安全金大宽度进步,现正在安全公司曾经正在游说指望减轻__税Hereinsuresmeansinsuran__company.安全公司2Duringthe1980sthelargepremiumspaidinacquisitionoftenre-sultedinpri__sthatgreatlyex__ededthevalueoftangibleasset. 20百年80时代,并购中__的大额溢价往往招致价钱远远超越有形财产的__HerelargepremiuminChinesemeans大额溢价.3Liquidityreferstotheabilityofinvestorstoexchangeafinancialassetsuchasabondorashareforcash.财产折现力是指注资者将公债券或者股票等金融财产转换为现金的能力Herefinancialassetmeanstheabilityofcash.现金的威力4Pla__goodsinbond.将(未完税的)产品取出关栈HerebondinChinesemeans关栈.Inadditionitiscommonforbusines__entouseslanginoralspeaking.Translatorsshouldpaymoreattentiontoslangandtoclarifythemsoastoe-liminateobstaclesduringcommunicating.Suchas:5AsIwasabouttosayImovethatwetablethediscussionuntilournextmeetingwheneveryoneispresent.我提议将议论推早退下次每__都加入宴会时再停止Heremovemeanssuggest(提议)tablethediscussionmeanstopostponethemeeting(推延议论).6Canyoucomedownalittle你能再升高小半价钱吗?Herecomedownmeansknockdownthepri__(抬高价钱).
2.2TheStandardizationandFor__lizationofBusinessEnglishVocabu-laryinLanguageStyle商人总是把频率放正在首位,因为,为了到达某个手段,容易易懂的语汇就被少量地使用另一个缘由就是生意运动中消息的流传形式没有断被以为是最主要的因为容易易懂的单纯词也就能协助单方更好地交流相似ComplexorRareWords______Wordsaccountforbythefactthatcausedbyaddthepointthataddthatatapri__of$10at$10attemptstrydeliberationthoughtinthe__jorityofcasesmosttangiblerealvisualizesee商务英语使用正在没有同的国内商务运动中商业交换的单方没有只仅要表现对于等互惠的准则,异样也蕴含很好的竞争__因而,有多余保证商务英语的国内通用性,要被大众承受,没有要太书面语化它的言语风格也该当介于正式和征询之间因为有些过火容易化和书面语化的介词和副词,比方becauseaboutiflikeforandsoon将被匡正式的介词短语接替比方onthegroundsthatwithreferen__tointheevent/caseofinthenatureofforthepurposeofandsoon.书面语中罕用的名词短语,比方goonaddto将会被匡正式的单个名词取代比方continuesupplement.商务英语的言语格调正在没有同的场所有没有同的变迁没有如生意函件,归于书面英语,因为也就匡正式些但眼前的停滞趋向是更容易的更活泼的单纯词被少量运用,手段是使信函中的语气听兴起更敌对于更自然ForexampleuseWetrytochooseourtradingpartnerscarefully.in-steadofWeende__ortochooseourtradingpartnerswithdiscretion.然而正在生意合约中,一些匡正式并且没有罕见的单纯词被运用,使合约显示更规范更有束缚力Forexampleusingexpirybutnotendusing__rtifybutnotproveandsoon生意合约归于纪律资料标准性言语的使它存正在了那种纪律上的特色相似WHEREAS由于NOWTHEREFORE特此,兹特INWITNESSTHWHEREOF兹证实之类1WHEREASAdesirestoexporttoBthegoodsasspecifiedinExhibitAthereforehereinaftercalledtheGoods;andwhereasBdesirestoimporttheGoodsfromA.NowTHEREFOREAandBherebyagreeafollows...(鉴于本方乐意向乙方入口本合约备件A中规则的物件(以次职称产品);且由于乙方乐意从本方出口上述产品,因而,本方和乙方特赞成订立下列条目)2INWITNESSWHREROFthepartiesheretoh__ecausedthisagree-menttobeexecutedbytheirrespectiverepresentativesonthedatefirstabovewritten.兹证实,本协定由单方各自专人正在上述协商日子签定
2.3TheConcisenessandTightnessofBusinessEnglishSenten__简明表现正在容易句式排偶句式和短的化合句式的运用上ForexampleWearedelightedtore__iveyourletterofNovember18askingwhetherwecansupplyyouwithArt.No
6120.很庆幸收到你方11月28日来信讯问我方可否供给6120货号货物于是,简明也表现正在缩略字母的运用上千万,这种缩略必需为单方所肯定suchasA/CaccountENCLenclosureFYIforyourinfor__tionandI.R.O.inrespectof.简明的句子无助于于生意消息的流传,因为正在生意信函中起着主要的作用它便当快速,更主要的是,它无效地防止了曲解Weareadealershipchainspecializinginpersonalcomputers.WewerefirstestablishedinHongKongin
1980.Wenowh__easteadyclienteleinboththebusinessandeducationalsectors.本公司是一家主营计算的特许经售连锁商本公司于1980年缔造于__本公司现部分流动存户触及生意和文化畛域下面的这三个句子,每个都有它金鸡__的意义经过防止运用长句,它所抒发的意义更间接,了解兴起更易明确商务英语的论理松散性次要表现正在长句化合句排偶句的运用上再有其余纪律资料,比方合约1For____jeureExpectedRisksshallmeananoccurren__beyondcontrolandwithoutthefaultornegligen__ofthe_____affectedincludingbutnotlimitedtowarhostilitieswhetherwartobedeclaredornotinvasionactofforeignenemiesrebellionrevolutioninsurrectionormilitaryorusurpedpowercivilwarstrikesriotscommotionordisorderearthquakesoranysimilaroperationoffor__sofnatureasarenotwithinthecontrolofthe_____affectedandwhichbytheexerciseofreasonablediligen__thesaid_____isunabletopreventorprovideagainst.译文没有可抗力除危险外是指当事人没有能掌握和没有差错或者差错的偶尔事情,囊括但没有只仅只限和平战争行止没有管能否宣战骚扰内奸的言论叛乱反动举事或者军事或者篡权行止内乱复工战乱__或者紊乱地动或者相似的做作力气惹起的事情该署事是当事者没有能掌握或者虽经过恰当奋力亦无奈预防或者拥护的2Alldisputesarisingoutoftheperfor__n__oforrelatingtotheCon-tractshallbesettledamicablythroughnegotiation.IncasenosettlementcanbesubmittedtotheForeignEconomicandTradeArbitrationCommissionoftheChinaCouncilforthePromotionofInternationalTradeBei___gChinaforarbitrationinaccordan__withitsprovisionalRulesofPro__dure.Thearbitralawardisfinalandbindinguponbothparties.凡是因施行本合约相关的所有争议,单方应经过敌对于商量处理,应提交北京中国国内贸易推进委员会对于外经济贸易仲裁委员会,依据该会仲裁顺序暂行规定停止仲裁仲裁是结局性的,对于单方都有束缚力ThelogicexpressionisprominentlyfeaturedinbusinessEnglishdocu-mentsandcontractsespeciallyintheexpressionabouttimeandnumber.e.g.1ThegoodsshallbeshippedperM.V.DongFengonNovember10andareduetoarriveatRotterdamin140days.产品须于11月10日装上西风号货轮,并正在140天内到达鹿特丹港Hereitmustusetheprepositionintoexpressthemeaningaboutsev-eraldayslaterratherthantheprepositionafter.Becausetheprepositionaftercannotexactlydefinethedayonwhichdaythegoodswillarrive.2_____Ashallbeunauthorizedtoac__ptanyordersortocollectanyaccountonandafterSeptember
20.一经答应,正在9月20号以后(含20号),A方无权承受任何订单或者者募集任何资金3Ourtermsarecashwithinthreemonthsi.e.onorbefore__y
1.请正在三个月之内(正在5月1日事先囊括5月1日)付讫咱们的货款4_____Ashallpay_____BamonthlysalaryofUS$500SAYFIVEHUNDREDUSDOLLARSONLYA方每月须向B方__500美元的报酬InbusinessEnglishlettersandotherdocumentsweshouldusepreposi-tionandotherwordsaccurately.Onlybythiscanweexpresstheexactmean-inganddonotmisleadthereaders.ThesefullyshowtheconcisenessandtightnessofbusinessEnglishsenten__s.
2.4TheRhetoricFeaturesofBusinessEnglish总的来讲,留学生论文题目商务英语的格调容易分明易于了解润饰语贫乏很少运用比喻拟人夸大之类然而正在商求实践和实践性的钻研中,笔者也会运用活泼的比喻手法,把力点和难题表述分明TherhetoricmeansofbusinessEnglishiswidelyusedincommercialad-vertisementsuchassimilemetaphorpersonificationpunrepetitionparal-leli__rhymehyperbolecontrastsynecdochemetonymy____ogyandsoon.Example
1.__kingabigworld__aller.HyperboleExample
2.__keTimeForTime.PunExample
3.Tidesin.Dirtsout.ContrastYuFulin,2003149Allkindsofrhetoricmeanscanbeusedinbusinessadvertisementinge-niously.
2.5Sum__ryComparedwithcommonEnglishbusinessEnglishisrichinvocabularyprofessionaltermsandsoon.IfwewanttogoonwithbusinessEnglishtrans-lationweshould__stertheprofessionalcontentandcompletelyunderstandthespecificfeaturesofbusinessEnglish. 。