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代词Pronouns考纲精解◆◆◆代词是用来代替名词或名词词组的词代词是历年中考必考的考点之一◆◆◆考试题型以单项填空、词形变化为主◆◆◆近几年中考命题中,对代词的考查主要集中在人称代词的主格和宾格,物主代词以及不定代词的用法上知识__初中阶段学过六种代词人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、疑问代词、不定代词现列表如下代词单数复数第一人称第二人称第三人称第一人称第二人称第三人称人称代词主格Iyouhe,she,itweyouthey宾格meyouhim,her,itusyouthem物主代词形容词性myyourhis,her,itsouryourtheir名词性mineyourshis,hers,itsoursyourstheirs反身代词myselfyourselfhimselfherselfitselfourselvesyourselvesthemselves指示代词this,thatthese,those不定代词修饰可数名词both,either,neither,afew一些、几个,few几乎没有,__ny修饰不可数名词alittle一些、几个,little几乎没有,much修饰可数/不可数名词some,any,all复合不定代词something,somebody,someone,anything,anybody,anyone,everything,everybody,everyone,nothing,nobody,noone疑问代词who,whom,whose,which,what
1.人称代词的用法主格人称代词在句子中作主语,宾格人称代词作宾语如Mr.Liuteachesusphysicsthisterm.Heisagoodteacher.Welikehimverymuch.这个学期刘老师教我们物理他是个好老师我们非常喜欢他
2.物主代词的用法形容词性物主代词只能用作定语修饰名词≥名词性物主代词不能与名词连用,可单独用作主语、宾语、表语等,名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词如Mypencilislongerthanyours=yourpencil.我的铅笔比你的长Theirclassroomisbiggerthanours=ourclassroom.他们的教室比我们的大Hisbikeisnew.Mine=Mybikeisold.
3.反身代词的用法反身代词在句子中作宾语、表语、同位语,反身代词也有单、复数 妙语巧记反身代词的构成一二用物代,第三用宾代即第
一、二人称的反身代词是用形容词性物主代词加self/selves构成,第三人称的反身代词是用宾格代词加self/selves构成反身代词用作宾语时,常用于下列搭配teachsth.oneself=learnsth.byoneself自学,helponeselfto…随便吃…enjoyoneself…玩得愉快,dressoneself自己穿衣,saytooneself自言自语,thinktooneself心里想,byoneself独自,le__e__.byoneself把某人独自留下,seeoneselfinthemirror照镜子
4.不定代词是代词中最难掌握的一项,主要考查各自的意义、用法以及形容词修饰复合不定代词的后置情况不定代词的两个特点不定代词作主语时谓语用单数;形容词、动词不定式修饰时,要放在不定代词的后面1some,any的用法some用于肯定句中,any用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中但是在表示征求、对方意见的疑问句中经常用some,如Janehassometoys,butAnndoesnth__eany.詹妮有一些玩具,但是安妮一个也没有Ifyouh__eanyquestions.pleaseoutupyourhands.如果你有任何问题,请举手Wouldyoulikesomebread你想来些面包吗MayIh__esomemilk我能要些牛奶吗2alittle,little与afew,few的用法alittle,little修饰不可数名词,afew,few修饰可数名词,little,few表示很少,几乎没有,表达否定意思如Theyplantedafewtrees,butfewofthemarealive.他们种了几棵树,但没几棵成活的Heaskedmeforalittleink,butIhadlittlemyself.他们问我要些墨水,但我自己几乎都没有3all和none的用法,all全部三者或三者以上作主语时,谓语动词用复数;none没有一个人或物三者或三者以上作主语时,谓语动词用单数或复数都可以all,none后面都可以跟介词of4none,noone,nobody的用法none指人或物,表示三者或三者以上都不,常与of连用作主语时,谓语动词用单数或复数都可以;noone与nobody只能指人,不能与of连用,作主语时,谓语动词只用单数;Theywerealltired,butnoneofthemwouldstoptoh__earest.他们都累了,但没有人想停下来歇一歇Nobodywasathomeyesterday.昨天没人在家5it和one的用法it一般用来指代前面提到过的那个人或物;one表示泛指,指前面提到过的那类人或物中的任何一个,其复数形式是ones如Yourdigitalcameraisquiteni__.WheredidyoubuyitIwanttobuyone,too.你的数码相机真漂亮,你在哪里买的,我也想买一个Ih__ethreeskirts.Oneisred,theothertwoonesareblack.我有三条裙子一条是红色的,另外两条是黑色的6both;either,neither的用法both两者都,either两者中的任何一个neither两者都不掌握下列结构连接主语时谓语的情况both…and…+谓复既…又…either…or…+谓就近原则或者……或者……,不是……就是…neither...nor...+谓就近原则既不……也不……Bothofthemwentoutbutneithercameback.他们两个人都出去了,但一个也没回来Thereare__nytreesonbothsideseithersideoftheroad.路的两旁有许多树NeitheryounorIamfromChina.你和我都不是来自中国7each,every的用法each指两个或两个以上的人或物中的一个every指两个以上的人或物中的一个,只能作定语,every后面不能跟of.Therearelotsofbooksonthebookshelf,andeachofthemisinteresting.书架上有许多书,每一本都有趣8复合不定代词的用法复合不定代词作主语时,谓语动词用单数something,somebody,someone用于肯定句,anything,anybody,anyone用于否定句,疑问句及条件状语从句形容词修饰复合不定代词时,要放在其后面如Dontworry.Thereisnothingseriouswithyourears.别担心,你的耳朵没什么大碍9other,another,others,theother和theothers的用法
①other其余的,指不确定的别的人或物不可单独使用,后面需加名词如Otherpeoplewenttothesuper__rket.其余的人去了__another三者或三者以上之中任意一个人或物Idontlikethecolorofthisjacket,pleaseshowmeanotherone.我不喜欢这件夹克的颜色,给我拿一件别的颜色的看看
②another+数词+复数名词=数词+more+复数名词表示另外几个或再多几个
③other+复数名词=others无明确范围情况下,指其余的可以构成some…,others…一些……,其余的……如Therearelotsofpeopleinthepark,someareboating,somearedancing,andothersareplayingchess.公园里有许多人,一些在划船,一些在跳舞,其余的在下棋
④theother两者之中的另一个特指剩下的那一个可以构成搭配one…,theother…,“一个……,另一个…”Hehastwosisters.Oneisadoctor,andtheotherisateacher.他有两个姐姐一个是医生,另一个是教师
⑤theother+复数名词=theothers,指总体除了一部分后,剩余的全部谓语动词应为复数形式如Therearetencars,sixofthemarered,theothersareblack.10辆汽车中,6辆是红色的,其余的是黑色的例题精析
1.Sheinvited____________herbirthday_____.A.youandIB.IandyouC.youandmeSum__ry:不同的人称合在一起使用时,一般排列为两种或三种人称单数出现并列情况时,顺序为第二人称+第三人称+第一人称:youandI;youandhe;heandI;you,heandI例如:You,heandIcanhelpthemfinishtheworkintime.复数weandyou;weandthey;youandthey;we,youandthey.但在承认错误时,I常放在其他代词前面例如Iandshe__detheboycry.__________mustworkhardandlearnfromeachother.A.IandyouB.YouorIC.MeandyouD.YouandI
2.----Whoisthatspeaking----________________.A.IamAnn.B.ItsAnn.C.ThisisAnn.Sum__ry:在一些特定的情景中,如打__、敲门,说话双方都知道指代的是人时,常用it这个代词---“Whois_______” ----“_________me,Linda.”A.it,ItB.it,HeC.she,SheD.It,it3.----Whoisthe__noverthere----Heisafriendof____________.A.IB.mineC.meSum__ry:名词性物主代词常与of连用作定语,如:afriendofhers双重所有格是指既有’s所有格又有of所有格的一种形式,如afriendofmyfather’s
4.TheweatherinGuangzhouishotterthan__________inLiaoning.A.itB.oneC.that【答案】C【解析】题目的意思是“广东的天气比辽宁的天气要热一点 ”同类物作比较,为避免重复,用that,those代替前面提到过的名词如.TheroadsinGuangzhouarebusierthanthoseinChangsha.
5.Mr.Zhangisquitebusytoday.Hehas_________meetingstoattend出席,参加.A.afewB.fewC.alittle【答案】A【解析】此题的意思是“张先生今天很忙他有一些会议要参加”答案Bfew是指几乎没有,因为是很忙,、所以去除这个答案而会议meeting是可数名词复数,所以只能选afew
6.Pleasecomeinand__ke——athome,boys!A.youB.yourselfC.yourselvesD.yours【答案】C【解析】此题的意思是“请进来吧,男孩子们,随便坐吧”用了boys,所以应该是用复数,而__keyourselfathome是招呼客人时的礼貌用语
7.ShesaidshewouldliveinLondonfor___________fourorfiveyears.A.otherB.anotherC.theotherD.theothers【答案】B【解析】此题的意思是“她说她会在伦敦再待4或5年” anotherfourorfiveyears表示另外4或5年或再多4或5年例3Ibelievetheauthortobe__________.A.heB·himC·hisD·himself答案为B.【解析】该题中若人称代词作表语时用主格he,但作宾语补语则用宾格him所以答案为B例4Youmusttakecare_________________.A.ofyourselfB.foryourselfC.byyourselfD.toyourself答案为A.【解析】英语中ofyourself表示自动,foroneself表示亲自,byoneself表示单独或独自,tooneself表示独享、专有所以答案为A例5IamafraidIcant__kemyselfA·understandB·tounderstandC·understoodD·understanding答案为C.【解析】本句含被动之意,宾语补语应用过去分词易错点警示1不定代词alittle,littleafew,few的使用许多同学经常弄错,大家要从它们的词义和所修饰的名词考虑Thereis___________salthere.Goandbuysome.A.alittleB.littleC.afewD.few[分析]salt是不可数名词,故排除C、D,根据“goandbuysome”可知道剩下只有很少的盐,故选B2it与one易混淆如----CanIgetyouadrink----That’sveryni__ofyou.I’vealreadygot__________.A.itB.oneC.thatD.this专题训练单项填空
1.You__ycometomyhome___________thisweek__________nextweek.A.neither;orB.from;toC.either;orD.either;nor
2.Idontthinkwecandoitall____________.A.byourselvesB.bymyselfC.byourselfD.byyourselves
3.Idontwantthisshirt.Pleaseshowme__________.A.othersB.theotherC.anotherD.theothers
4.Icantrepairthemodelplane___________.Canyouhelp_______A.me;me.B.myself;myselfC.myself;meD.me;myself
5.Doesyourfatheroftenwashclothes__________A.heB.himselfC.herselfD.him
6.WestudyChinese,English,__thsandsome__________su__ects.A.theotherB.oneC.otherD.another
7.Ih__etwobrothers__________ofthemaredoctors.A.BothB.AllC.Either,D.Neither
8.Thedictionaryontheshelfis________.Shewrote______nameonitscover.A.Hers;.her;herselfB.Her;hers;herselfC.Herself;her;hersD.Her;herself;herself
9.“Dontworry.Theres_______muchwrongWithyou.”saidthedoctor.A.nothingB.everythingC.veryD.something
10.Theseshoesaretoo__all.You__ybuysome__________shoes.A.anotherB.otherC.theothersD.others
11.IaskedJimandBobtocometomyhousefordinnerbutofthemcame.A.bothB.eitherC.neitherD.none
12.Theyare__________thesamesize,soyou__ytake_______halfofthecake.A.at;eachB.in;bothC.at;neitherD.in;either
13.BettyandJohnh__ecomeback,but_______studentsintheclassaren’thereyet.A.theotherB.theothersC.anotherD.others
14.________isthepopulationofShandongProvinceA.How__nyB.WhichC.HowmuchD.Whatl
5.Shestayedtherelongerthan.A.anyoneB.anythingelseC.anybodyD.anybodyelse
16.----Isthisherbike----No,itisnt.It’s____________.A.mineB.myC.meD.he’s
17.___________LiPingsbrother.A.HerB.HisC.He’sD.She’s
18.Heisaboy.__________nameisWangBing.A.HeB.HisC.HerD.He’s
19.----Whatsthis---_____________.A.ItsabreadB.ItisabreadC.ItsbreadD.Thissbread
20.Thebowlsareonthetable.Therearesomeeggsin________.A.itB.themC.theD.he
21.Let________h__ealook.A.IB.youC.usD.my
22.Motheroftensees__________onSunday.A.herallfriendsB.a11herfriendC.herfriendsD.herallfriend
23.WhenyouseeTomandhissister,_________that____motheriswaitingatthegate.A.his;hisB.her;hersC.them;theirD.his;her
24.Hewantsyoutotalk_______aboutChina.A.anythingB.nothingC.thingD.something
25.Grannyseemsill.Areyousureit’s____________A.nothingseriousB.anythingseriousC.seriousanythingD.seriousnothing
26.Thereare__nypeopleintheparksomeareplayingcards,somearedancing,and___________aretakingawalkinit.A.otherpeoplesB.theothersC.othersD.theotherpeople
27.Ih__etwouncles,oneisadoctorandisateacher.A.theotherB.anotherC·6therD.anotherone
28._________ofusansweredthephone,forwewereallintheyard.A.EitherB.NeitherC.AnD.None
29.-----How__nymonkeysarethereinthecageleft----_________.A.NoneB.NooneC.NothingD.Notsome
30.Ihadtobuy________thesebooksbecauseIdidntknowwhichonewasthebest.A.bothB.noneC.neitherD.all
31.----Becareful!Dontbreakthebottle.Doyouhear_________Isaid,D__id-----Yes,mum.A.whatB.thatC.whyD.if
32.__yandhersisterwereonholidaywithacousinof________.A.herB.hersC.theirD.theirs
33.----Whereismyrubber----Oh,Imsorry.Ih__etaken__________bymistake,A.yourB.yoursC.myD.mine
34.Thepri__ofmycomputerisdifferentfrom______________ofhis.A.oneB.itC.thatD.this
35.Thereis________sugarhere.Letsgoandbuysome.A.alittleB.1ittleC.few.D.afew
36.----Didyouenjoy___________atthe_____lastevening,LilyandKate-----Yes.Wereallyenjoyed______________.A.you;usB.ourselves;yourselvesC.yourself;ourselvesD.yourselves;ourselves
37.Doyouknow________willgiveusatalkA.whoB.whomC.thatD.whose
38.Therearetwonewdictionariesonthetable.Oneismine,and_______isLiTaosA.otherB.anotherC.theotherD.others39-----Whoisthatspeaking----________________.A.ItsmeB.Thisis__ry.C.I’m__ryD.Iam
40.__________childispleased,for_________ofthemhasgothisownshare.A.Every;eachB.Each;everyC.Every;everyD.Each;everyone。