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第1篇基础知识第1节字母英语是字母文字,共有26个字母,26个字母按一定的顺序排列在一起便组成字母表,英语中称之为“Alphabet”
1.26个字母的读音
2.元音字母是哪些?英文字母分为元音字母和辅音字母AaEeIiOoUu为5个元音字母,除Yy外其他20个为辅音字母Yy为半元音字母.第二节__关于__的几个概念1字母语言的书写形式元音字母aeiyou2音标词的__形式3音素音的最小的单位英语中有48音素4音节由元音和辅音构成的发音单位applestudentteacherunderstand5元音发音响亮,是乐音;口腔中气流不收阻碍;是构成音节的主要音英语中有20个元音单元音有12个/i://I//e//æ//ə://ə//∧//a://כ//כ://u//u:/双元音有8个/eI//aI//כI//əu//au//Iə//εə//uə/6辅音发音不响亮,是噪音;口腔中气流受到阻碍;不是构成音节的主要音英语中有28个辅音清辅音有11个/p//t//k//f//s//θ//∫//h//t∫//tr//ts/浊辅音有17个/b//d//g//v//z//δ//з//r//dз//dr//dz//m//n//ŋ//l//w//j/7开音节a辅音+元音+辅音+enamebike;b辅音+元音hegohi8闭音节a辅音+元音+辅音badbedsithotcup;b元音+辅音it9重读音节单词中发音特别响亮的音节第二篇语法知识__第1节词法在英语中,共有10大词类,它们是名词、动词、形容词、副词、数词、代词、冠词、介词、连词、感叹词
一、名词
1.什么叫名词?名词是表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称如mother妈妈panda熊猫library图书馆pencil铅笔wish愿望
2.名词是如何分类的?
(1)名词根据意义分为专有名词和普通名词专有名词表示特定的人或事物的名称如MrGreen格林先生theSpringFestival春节theGreatWall长城Britain英国提示
1、人名都是专有名词
2、专有名词的第一个字母必须大写普通名词是不属于特定的人或事物名称的词普通名词又分为个体名词和__名词、物质名词和抽象名词个体名词,如radio(广播),watch(手表);__名词,如class(班级),people(人民);物质名词,如milk(牛奶)water(水);抽象名词,如work(工作),health(健康)2名词根据其表示的事物性质的不同,分为可数名词和不可数名词可数名词表示的事物是可以用数字一个一个数出来的,有单数和复数两种形式如abanana一只香蕉twobananas两只香蕉不可数名词表示的事物是不可以用数字一个一个数出来的,不分单、复数;抽象名词、物质名词和专有名词一般都是不可数名词如milk牛奶i__冰idea想法Fran__法国提示有少数名词既可作可数名词,也可作不可数名词,但含义不同如fish鱼肉(不可数)fish鱼类(可数)chicken鸡肉(不可数)chicken小鸡(可数)
3.可数名词复数形式的构成规则是什么?
(1)名词复数形式构成的基本规则情况变法例词一般情况加-sgirl-girlsbook-books以s\sh\x\ch结尾的词加-esbus-buseswatch-watches以“辅音字母+y结尾的词变y为i再加esfamily-falimiesstrawberry-strawberries以f或fe结尾的词变f或fe为v再加eshalf-halveswife-wives以o结尾的词加es或sphoto-photospiano-pinaosradio-radioszoo-zoosto__to-to__toespotato-potatoes复数形式词尾是或的读法如下情况读法例词在/p//t//k//f/等清辅音后/s/cakesdeskscups在/s//z//t∫//∫//dз/等后/iz/busesclasseswatches在其他情况下/z/bananaszooswindows2需要特别记住的是英语中有些名词的复数形式是不规则的如__n-menwo__n-womenfoot-feettooth-teethmouse-mi__child-childrensheep-sheepdeer-deerfish-fishChinese-Chinese
4.如何表示不可数名词的数量?
(1)不可数名词没有单、复数的区别,是不能直接以数字计算事物的名词,要表示“一”这个概念,我们可以用“a+表示数量的名词+of+名词”的形式如aglassofwater一杯水acupoftea一杯茶
(2)如果要表达两个或两个以上的概念,表示数量的名词需要用复数形式,不可数名词不变如twoglassesofwater两杯水fivebagsofri__五袋大米提示这种形式也可以用于可数名词,但名词必须用复数形式如abasketofapples一篮子苹果fivebasketsofto__toes五篮子西红柿
5.什么是名词所有格?名词中表示所有关系的形式叫做名词所有格,意为“……的”,一般在名词后加是’s如Grand__’shouse奶奶的房子myparents’car我父母的车1如果名词代表的事物是有生命的,那么其所有格有以下几种形式分类构成方式举例普通单数名词在名词末尾加’sNancy’sfather以或结尾的复数名词在名词末尾加’theteachers’books特殊复数名词(不以或结尾)在名词末尾加’sChildren’sDay表示共有关系的在最后一个名词的末尾加’sJimandHenlen’smother(两人共有一个妈妈)表示各自所有关系的在每个名词的词尾都加’sJim’sandHenlen’smothers(两人各自的妈妈)提示表示公共场所、或__的名词,其所有格后面常常省略被修饰的名词Wewillgotomysister’sfordinnerthisafternoon.今天下午我们将去我姐姐家吃饭Let’sgotothebarber’s.我们去理发店吧
(2)如果名词代表的事物是没有生命的,常与组成短语来表示其所有格,表示前者属于后者It’sa__pofChina.这是一张中国地图ThenameofthecartoonisCinderella.这部动画片的名字是《灰姑娘》例题引路
一、写出下列名词的复数形式1.baby
2.key
3.strawberry
4.life
5.half
6.wo__n
7.Ger__n
8.Japanese答案
1.babies
2.keys
3.strawberries
4.lives
5.halves
6.women
7.Ger__ns
8.Japanese
1、翻译下列词组
1.长城
2.许多羊
3.三袋大米
4.五篮子鸡蛋5四位女教师
6.八棵苹果树7七张老太太的照片
8.她的一个朋友答案
1.theGreatWall
2.__ny/alotofsheep
3.threebagsofri__
4.fivebasketsofeggs
5.fourwomenteachers
6.eightappletrees
7.sevenphotosofanoldwo__n
8.afriendofhers衔接训练
一、写出下列名词的复数形式
1.pencil-box
2.wife
3.Sunday
4.city
5.dress
6.English__n
7.__tch
8.Chinese
9.exam
10.library
11.radio
12.family
13.boy
14.photo
15.to__to
16.dish
17.American
18.dictionary
三、单项选择
1.Myfatherisa.Heworksinahospital.A.teacherB.doctorC.farmerD.sol___r
2.Weneedsomemore.CanyougoandgetsomepleaseA.potatoB.potatosC.potatoesD.apotato
3.Inthepicturethereare__nyandtwo.A.sheep;foxesB.sheeps;foxesC.sheeps;foxD.sheep;foxs
4.Let’smeetat7:30outsidethegateof.A.thePeople’sParkB.thePeoples’ParkC.thePeopleParkD.People’sPark
5.Therearesixty-seveninourschool.A.women’steacherB.womenteachersC.womenteachersD.womenteacher
6.Thisshopsellsapplesbananasandthingslikethese.It’sa.A.foodshopB.bookshopC.fruitshopD.vegetableshop
7.September10thisinChina.A.Teacher’sDayB.Teachers’DayC.TeacherDayD.TeachersDay
8.Thefootballunderthebedis.A.SuHaiandLiuTaoB.SuHai’sandLiuTao’sC.SuHai’sandLiuTaoD.SuHaiandLiuTao’s
9..Thepostoffi__isabitfarfromhere.It’sabout.A.thirtyminutes’swalkB.thirtyminute’swalkC.thirtyminutes‘walkD.thirtyminuteswalk
10.arebigandbright.A.TheclassroomwindowB.ThewindowoftheclassroomC.Theclassroom’swindowsD.Thewindowsoftheclassroom
四、用所给名词的适当形式填空
1.Aretherethreechildplayingintheclassroom
2.Here’retwobottleofmilkforyou.
3.Danielalwayswearsapairofglassandhelooksclever.
4.Wedotoomuchhomeworkeverydaysoweh__enotimetoplay.
5.It’sSundayandthereareso__nypeopleinthestreet.
6.Youshouldbrushyourtoothatleasttwi__everyday.
五、根据汉语提示完成句子
1.Bei___gis中国的首都
2.I’mhungry.Pleasegiveme(四片面包)
3.Arethese(你父母的照片)?
4.Ivisited(长城)lastyear.It’sreallywonderful.5(Tom和Mike的手表)arenew.TheyboughtthemlastSaturday.
6.Youcanfound(一些苹果树)inthegarden.
7.(杨玲和南希的桌子)isverycleanbut(她们的椅子)areverydirty.
二、动词
1.动词的定义和分类动词是表示动作或状态的一类词动词充当谓语时,要受到主语的限制,与主语在人称和数上一致用来表示动作或状态在各种时间条件的动词形式称为时态动词根据其在句中的功能,可以分为实义动词、系动词、助动词和情态动词四类
2.实义动词
(1)实义动词的分类实义动词也叫行为动词,即表示动作的动词,能__作谓语实义动词有及物动词和不及物动词之分及物动词是指后面可以直接跟宾语的动词;不及物动词指后面不可以直接跟宾语的动词Weh__efriendsallovertheworld.我们的朋友遍天下George’sfatherlivesthere.乔治的爸爸住在那儿提示英语动词中有很多既是及物动词又是不及物动词,如closebeginstudyle__ework等
(3)实义动词的基本形式有动词原形、第三人称单数形式、过去式、现在分词、过去分词
3.系动词
(1)系动词的定义.系动词亦称连系动词,不能单独做谓语,后面必须跟表语
(2)系动词的功能系动词的主要功能是把表语(名词、形容词、副词、非谓语动词、介词短语、从句)和其主语__在一起,以说明主语的属性、特征或状态它和其后的表语一起构成句子的谓语
(3)常见系动词Myfatherisapoli____n.Youwillfeelbetterafteranight’ssleep.It’sgettingwarmerandwarmerinspring.Helookedangry/sad/happy.Theapplestasteverygood.提示有部分系动词也可以作为实义动词来使用Helookedsadatthenews.(“看起来”,系动词用法)Hekookedsadiyattheboy.(“看着”,实义动词用法)
4.助动词
(1)助动词的定义助动词是语__能词,本身没有词义,不可单独使用Hedoesn’tlikeEnglish.2助动词的功能表示时态Heissinging.Hedoesn’tgotoschoolonSaturday.构成疑问句DoyoulikecollegelifeDidyoustudyEnglishbeforeyoucamehere与否定副词not连用构成否定句Idon’tlikeplayingcomputergames.TheyarenotwatchingTVnow.3目前学过的助动词有beam/is/aredodoes/did“am/is/are+现在分词”构成现在进行时态Theyareh__ingameeting.Englishisbecomingmoreandmoreimportant.do/does/did构成一般疑问句、否定句、否定祈使句DoyouwanttopasstheEnglishexamHedoesn’tliketostudy.Don’tbelateforschool.提示do也可以作实义动词,表示“做”变否定句时必须借助don’t/doesn’t/didn’tHedoeshomeworkeveryday.Hedoesn’twatchTVonschooldays.
6.情态动词
(1)情态动词的定义及功能情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义,但要与普通动词一起使用,给谓语动词增添情态色彩,表示说话人对有关行为或事物的态度和看法,认为其可能、应该或必要等得一类词情态动词一般本身无人称和数的变化,其后面的实义动词要用动词原形ShecanswimfastbutIcan’t.YoumuststayhereuntilIcomeback.
(2)常见情态动词的用法can表示能力,意为“会,能”表示客观可能性或推测时,用于否定句和疑问句;ShecansingEnglishsongs.Itcan’t不可能beJim.Isawhimatschooljustnow.Can/__y可以Iborrowyourbike__y表示许可,用于陈述句;表示正式的请求或许可,用于一般疑问句回答__y提出的问题,肯定形式为Yesplease./Yespleasedo./Yes__rtainly./Yesyou__y.否定形式为Noyoumustn’t./Noyoucan’t./Pleasedon’t.You__ygoouttoplynow.----__yI__okehere----Yesyou__y./Noyoumustn’t.must指客观可能性或猜测时,意为“一定”;表示“应当,必须”时,其否定形式为mustn’t意为“禁止,不允许,千万别”回答由must构成的一般疑问句,肯定形式为Yes,主语+must;否定形式为No,主语+needn’t/don’th__etoItmust肯定beNancy’sbook.Hernameisonthecover.Youmustn’t千万别playfootballinthestreet.------MustIhandinmyhomeworktomorrow------Yesyoumust./Noyouneedn’t/don’th__eto.should表示“应该,应当”,shouldn’t表示“不应该”Youshould____yourmotherthetruth.Youshouldn’t__kethesamemistake.例题引路
一、用所给动词的适当形式填空
1.Myfatheralwayshelpmymotherwithhousework.
2.Theshipsnotbeintherivernow;theybethereamomentago.
3.Ourfamilyh__eanewcomputerlastmonth.
4.Icandoitbetterthanyou.
二、模仿例词写出所给动词的相应形式例词:dodoesdoingdid
1.write____________________________
2.carry____________________________
3.wash____________________________
4.meet____________________________衔接训练
一、单项选择
1.Mybrother_______ateacher.He________hispupilsverymuch.A.is;likeB.is;likesC.are;likesD.are;like
2.----How__nydays_________thereinaweek-----There_______seven.A.is;isB.are;isC.is;areD.are;are
3.MyEnglishteacher________.A.alllookyoungB.looksyoungC.lookyoungD.alllooksyoung
4.I______busynowbutI____freenextweek.A.am;amB.am;willC.am;willbeD.being;willbe
5.__yI_______toHelenBrownA.____B.speakC.talkD.say
6.YangLingcan_______clothesforthedoll.A.__ke;B.__kesC.__deD.__king
7.Shelooks____becauseshewillgotoHainanforaholiday.A.happilyB.behappyC.happyD.happiness
8.----________IuseyourpenDad-----Yesyoucan.A.__yB.DoC.AmD.Must
二、用所给动词的适当形式填空
1.Twoandsix_______beeight.
2.There________belotsofsheeponthefarmlastyear.
3.Theboywithhisfriends_________h__esomehomeworkeveryday.
4.Youmust_______listentoyourteacherinclass.
5.Welike__________watchcartoonsattheweekend.
6.Listen!Someone__________singinthenextroom.
7.SuHaiwants___________beateacherwhenshegrowsup.
8.What________you________dolastnight
9.__________notspeakloudlyinthereadingroom.
10.Ilike___________readverymuchbutIdon’tlike__________readtoday.I’mtootired.
三、形容词
1.什么是形容词?形容词是用来修饰或描述名词或代词,以说明人或事物的性质、状态或特征的一类词Janeisabeautifulgirl.IsthereanythingwrongwithyourMP
42.形容词在句中的位置是怎样的?几个形容词连用时,如何排序?
(1)形容词作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前,系动词和不定代词之后Sheisagoodgirl.Iamtallandthin.Thereissomethingimportantto____her.提示
1.有的形容词只能作表语,如afraid害怕,alone独自的,asleep睡着的,awake醒着的,alive活着的,well健康的,ill病的
2.某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人或整体的东西,谓语动词用复数TheChineseh__elonghistory.Weshouldhelptheold2多个形容词修饰名词时,音节少的形容词在前,音节多的在后.Sheboughtherselfanewsilkskirt.Ih__elongstraightgoldenhair.提示多个形容词和其他词修饰名词时,其顺序是限定词(冠词、指示代词、形容词性物主代词、数词)+描绘词(大小、长短、形状、新旧、长幼、颜色)+出处+材料性质+类别+名词
3.什么是形容词的比较等级?绝大多数形容词有三种形式原级、比较级和最高级LiuHaiisastallasme.tall是原级Itiswarmertodaythanitwasyesterday.warmer是比较级Sheisthebeststudentinherclass.best是最高级
4.形容词比较等级的构成规则是什么?(见八年级上语法附录)
5.形容词比较等级的几种用法
(1)形容词的原级可用于两个人或事物的比较,常用的有两种结构肯定结构as+形容词的原级+as,意为“和……一样”Sheisascarefulashermother.否定结构notas/so+形容词的原级+as,意为“不如……”Thisdishisnotasni__asthatone.
(2)形容词的比较级用于两个人或事物的比较,常用的有四种结构形容词比较级+than,表示“……比……”Thisfilmismoreinterestingthanthatone.形容词比较级+形容词比较级,表示“越来越……”Mysisterisgettingtallerandtaller.the+形容词比较级,the+形容词比较级,表示“越……越……”Themorethebetter.Themorecarefulyouarethefewermistakesyouwii__ke.the+形容词比较级+ofthetwo,表示“两者中较……的一个”Tomistheclevererofthetwins.提示比较级前可以加表示程度的副词muchevenalittle等来修饰HeismuchstrongerthanMike.3形容词的最高级用于三个或三个以上的人或事物的比较,常用“the+形容词的最高级+名词+范围(of/in短语或从句)”结构,意为“……中最……的”Heisthebusiestboyinourclass.YaoMingisoneofthemostfamousbasketballplayersinNBA.提示形容词的最高级前要加the,但如果形容词的最高级前有物主代词时,不需要加theTodayismyhappiestday.
7.常见形容词的反义词,你记住了吗?bad---goodbetter---worstbest----worstbig---__all/littlebeautiful---uglyblack---whitebusy—freecheap---expensiveclean—dirtyclever---foolishcloudy----sunnycool—warmcold---hotdangerous---safedark---bright/lightdry---wetearly---lateeasy—difficulteast—westfar---nearsunny---rainyfirst---lasthappy---unhappy/sadhard---softill---healthy/welllight---he__ymore---less/fewmost---least/fewestold---newold—youngpoor—richquiet---noisysame—differentshort---longshort---tallslow---quick__all---big/large/greatstrong---weakthin---fatthin---thick例题引路
一、单项选择
1.Ih__e_______todotoday.Icouldn’thelpyounow.A.anythingimportantB.somethingimportantC.importantnothingD.importantsomething
2.---Ischemistrymoredifficultthanphysics---Nochemistryisn’tas_____asphysics.A.easyB.easierC.difficultD.moredifficult
二、同义句转换
1.LiuTaoisnotasstrongasGaoShan..LiuTaois______________GaoShan.GaoShan.is____________LiuTao.
2.D__idisthetalleststudentinhisclass..D__idis_____than________________inhisclass.衔接训练
一、用所给词的适当形式填空
1.OfthethreegirlsIfoundMillieisthe_________clever.
2.Thereare________fewpeopleheretodaythanyesterday.
3.Mysisteristwoyears________oldthanI.
4.Jane’sparentsh__efourdaughtersandsheisthe________youngchild.
5.The_________cheapthingsarenotalwaystheworstones.
6.Theshortoneis____________expensiveofthefive.
7.Theboyisnotso_________interestingashisbrother.
8.Shewillbemuch_________happyinhernewhouse.
二、单项选择
1.Hefeels______todaythanyesterday.A.tiredB.moretiredC.moretirederD.muchtired
2.Ofthetwotoysthechildchose________.A.themoreexpensiveoneB.onemostexpensiveC.aleastexpensiveD.themostexpensiveofthem
3.Thelineis____thanthatone.A.morelongerB.notlongerC.muchmorelongerD.__nymorelonger
4.Thebookis_______ofthethree.A.thinnerB.thethinnerC.morethinnerD.thethinnest
5.Shelooks______thansheis.A.themoreolderBveryolderC.mucholderD.moreolder
6.Thegardenisbecoming_______.A.moreandmorebeautifulB.morebeautifulandbeautifulC.morebeautifulandmoreD.morebeautifulandbeautifuler
7._______hurry_______speed.A.More;lessB.Much;littleC.Themore;thelessD.Themuch;thelittle8Looking______athismotherthelittleboylooked_____.A.happy;goodB.happy;wellC.sad;sadlyD.sadly;sad
三、根据汉语提示完成句子
1.这本书跟那本书一样有趣Thisbookis______________________thatone.
2.这个故事不如那个有趣Thisstoryis______________thanthatone.
3.今天比昨天冷得多Itis_________________today_______itwasyesterday.
4.他对英语越来越感兴趣Heisbecoming___________________________inEnglish.
5.他吃得越多,就越胖______________heeats______________hegets.
6.他比我大两岁Heis____________________thanI.
四、副词
1.什么是副词?副词是一种用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句的词,以说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念Weshouldlistentoourteacherscarefully.InspringIcanseeflowerseverywhere.
2.副词的种类有哪些?
(1)方式副词,如quicklyneatlyhappily
(2)地点、方位副词,如hereawayoutsidewest
(3)时间副词,如yesterdayalreadyjustnowbeforelateroftensometimes
(4)强调副词,verytooevenonly
4.副词在句中的位置和排列顺序
(1)时间、地点副词,小在前,大在后HecomesfromNewYorkAmerica.
(2)方式副词,短在前,长在后Pleasewriteslowlyandcarefully.
(3)方式+地点+时间Theoldwo__nrunsveryslowlyalongtheriverat6:00everymorning.
4.副词同形容词一样也有比较级和最高级形式
5.常见副词的区别
(1)verymuchverymuchVery用于修饰形容词或副词的原级;much用于修饰形容词或副词的比较级;verymuch用于修饰动词Johnisverygood.Thisgardenismuchbiggerthanthatone.Ilovemusicverymuch2sosuchso修饰形容词或副词;such修饰名词MybrotherrunssofastthatIcan’tfollowhim.Heissuchaboy.so修饰的形容词后可以有一个单数的可数名词,其结构是“so+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数”;such可修饰可数名词单复数和不可数名词,名词前可以有形容词作定语,其结构是“such+(a/an)+形容词+可数名词单数/复数/不可数名词”Heissocleveraboy.=Heissuchacleverboy.Itissuchcoldweather.Theyaresuchgoodstudents.提示如果可数名词复数前有__nyfew或不可数名词前有much,little修饰,用so不用such3alsotooaswelleitheralsotooaswell用于肯定句,also常用于be动词、情态动词、助动词之后,行为动词之前,tooaswell用于句末;either用于否定句末Myfatherisateacher.Mymotherisalsoateacher.=Myfatherisateacher.Mymotherisateacheraswell.=Myfatherisateacher.Mymotherisateachertoo.Ican’tspeakFrench.Jennycan’tspeakFrencheither.4sometimesometimessometimesometimessometime意为“某一时间“,可指将来,过去;sometimes意为“有时”;sometime指“一段时间”;sometimes指“几次,几倍”We’llh__eatestsometimenextmonth.Sometimeswearebusyandsometimeswearenot.HestayedinBeijingforsometimelastyear.Ih__ebeentoBeijingsometimes.例题引路
一、用所给词的适当形式填空
1.Heistootiredandhecan’twalkas_______quickashisfather.
2.Ifeel_________welltodaythanyesterday.
3.Helendraws___________careofthegirlsinherclass.
二、单项选择
1.Remembernottospeak_______whenweareinthereadingroom.A.fastB.slowlyC.politelyD.loudly
2.----Whatwastheweatherlikeyesterday----Itwasterrible.Itrainedso_______thatpeoplecould______goout.A.hardly;hardB.hardly;hardC.hard;hardlyD.hard;hard
3.Therewasanaccidentatthecorner._____thegirlwasn’t_____hurt.A.Luckily;badlyB..Luck;hardlyC.Lucky;he__ilyD.Lucky;strongly衔接训练
一、用所给词的适当形式填空
1.Whogetsup________earlyYangLinorMissLiu
2.Tomdidwellintheexamsohisclas__atesspoke________highofhim.
3.Heputonhiscoatandwentout_______quick
4.It’sdangeroustostandoutsideforthewindisblowing________strong.
5.Helearns__th______quickthantheotherstudents.
6.Englishis_______wideusedintheworld.
7.Theydon’tknowwhyyoutalkedtothemso__________angry.
8.Itisraining_________he__ysoyou’dbetternotgooutnow.
9.Hedidtheworkas_________carefulasmostofus.
10.LiLeiandLinTaoareworkingmuch________hardthanbefore.
二、单项选择
1.Jack’sbrotherdoesn’tworkso________asJack.A.harderB.hardC.hardestD.hardly
2.JimspeaksChinesevery_______.A.goodB.betterC.wellD.best
3.Hedrivesmuch_______thanhedidthreeyearsago.A.carefulB.carefullyC.morecarefulD.morecarefully
4.Ithink__this_______moredifficultthanEnglish.A.muchB.veryC.tooD.so
5.Mysonlooks_____today.Heisplaying_______withotherchildren.A.happy;happyB.happy;happilyC.happily;happilyD.happily;happy
6.Look!Thereis_______i__onthelake.A.toomuchB.too__nyC.muchtooD.so__ny
7.Shewalkedintotheroom______becausehermotherwassleeping.A.clearB.quietC.quick.D.quietly
8.Jim’scomputeris_______than________.Don’tyouthinksoA.alotnewer;LinTaoB.verynew;LinTao’sC.muchnewer;LinTao’sD.alittlenewer;LinTao
五、数词
1.什么是数词?表示数目“多少”和顺序“第几”的词叫数词分为基数词和序数词参看课本,记牢读音和拼写
2.基数词的用法
(1)表示“哪一年”,每两位数一读1998年,读作nineteenninety—eight2009年读作twothousandandnine2表示“几点”atfiveo’clock
(3)表示编号No.101bus4表示加减乘除Oneandtwoisthree.5表示小数
5.3读作fivepointthree6表示百分数40%读作fortyper__nt
3.什么情况下用序数词?
(1)表示日期3月8号写作__rchtheeighth读作__rchtheeighth
(2)表示分数1/6onesixth3/5threefifths例题引路单项选择
1.About_______ofthebooksinourschoollibraryarewritteninChinese.A.fourth-fifthB.four-fifthC.four-fifthsD.fourths-fifth
2.Theroadisover_______meterslong.A.sixhundredandfifty-twoB.sixhundredsandfiftytwoC.sixhundredfifty-twoD.sixhundredfiftyandtwo
3.January_______isNewYear’sDay.A.firstB.twoC.thefirstD.thesecondTherewere_______peopleinthemeetingroomyesterday.A.twohundredsB.twohundredofC.hundredsofD.hundredof衔接训练一根据句意,填入合适的数词
1.SuHaiis______12yearsold.SheisinClass_______5Grade______
6.
2.Septemberisthe_______9monthinayear.
3.Whichgirlisthinnerthe________2oneorthe_____3one
4.One_______yearsisa__ntury世纪
5.Thereare________minutesinanhour.
二、单项选择
1.----How__nystudentsarethereinyourschool----_______thestudentsinourschool______overtwothousand.A.Thenumberof;isB.Thenumberof;areC.Anumberof;isD.Anumberof;are
2.Thenewstudentisin__________.A.Class2B.ClassSecondC.2ClassD.class
23.---How__nyteachersarethereinyourschool----________butI’mnotsure.A.HundredsB.HundredC.HundredofD.Onehundred
4.__DadwhenwillyoubefreeYouagreedtogototheseasidewithmefourdaysago.---I’msorryJean.ButIthinkIwillh__ea_______holidaysoon.A.four—daysB.four—dayC.fourthdayD.fourday
5.Thisstoryhappenedon__________.A.2009Oct.21stB.Oct.21st2009C.200921OctoberD.21stofOctober2009
六、代词
1.什么是代词?如何分类?代词是用来代替名词以及起名词作用的短语、分句和句子的一类词按其指代作用不同可分为人称代词、物主代词、疑问代词、指示代词、反身代词、不定代词、关系代词、相互代词八类
2.人称代词
(1)人称代词的概念人称代词是为了避免重复,用来代替前面提到的人或事物的名称的一类代词JimandLiuTaoMissLiiswaitingforyou!Pickupyourbooksandputthemaway.2人称代词的人称、数和格人称代词是表示“我”、“你”、“他”、“她”、“它”、“我们”、“你们”、“他们”的词表格见七年级附录提示说话的人为第一人称,听话的人为第二人称,被谈到的人或事物为第三人称人称单数复数主格宾格主格宾格第一人称Imeweus第二人称youyouyouyou第三人称hehimtheythemsheheritit
(3)人称代词的基本用法人称代词主格在句中作主语,是动作的执行者Shelikesplayingvolleyballverymuch.人称代词宾格在句中作动词或介词的宾语,是动作的承受者Mr.BrownteachesusEnglish.Youmustlookafterthem.提示两个以上人称代词并用时,通常you放在第一位,I放在最后;复数we放在第一位,they放在最后,简单记成单数
2.
3.1;复数
1.
2.3都是第三人称,女后男在先YouTomandIarele__ingnextmonth.
3.物主代词
(1)物主代词的概念物主代词是表示所有关系的一类代词Thisisn’tmyWalk__n.It’shers.2物主代词分类形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词人称单数复数形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词第一人称mymineourours第二人称youryoursyouryours第三人称hishistheirtheirsherhersitsits
(3)物主代词的基本用法形容词性物主代词和形容词有相似之处,用来修饰名词,不可以单独使用Thesearetheirbooks.HernameisChengJie.名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”,后面不必再加名词Thisismypen.Thatisyours/yourpen.
4.疑问代词1疑问代词基本用法疑问代词在句中起名词词组的作用,常被用来构成疑问句,置于句首WhosebookisthisWhatareyoureadingnow2常见的疑问代词有whatwhichwhowhomwhose等指人的是whowhomwhose;指物的是what;既可指人又可指物的是whichWhichdoyoulikebetterteaormilkWhat’syourfatherWhosebooksaretheseonthedesk
5.指示代词thisthese指较近的事物;thatthose指较远的事物
6.反身代词
(1)反身代词的构成myselfourselvesyourselfyourselvesherselfhimselfitselfthemselvesoneself
(2)反身代词的用法反身代词可以作宾语、表语、同位语等Weenjoyedourselvesverymuch.Iboughtanewcoatformyself.Hehimselfdidit.
7.不定代词
(1)常见的不定代词有alleachbotheitherneitherlittlefew__nymuchotheranothersomeanysomebodyanybodynobodyeverybodysomeoneanyonenooneeveryonesomethinganythingeverythingnone.2常见的不定代词区别botheitherneitherboth表示“两者都”,either表示“两者中的任何一个”,neither表示“两者都不”Bothofusareright.EitheryoutwoisOK.Neitherofusisright.提示
1.both+名词复数=either+名词单数Thereare__nytreesonbothsidesofthestreet.=Thereare__nytreesoneithersideofthestreet
2.both…and…作主语时谓语动词用复数,either…or…和neither…nor…作主语时谓语动词的单复数与邻近的主语保持一致BothTomandJennyarefromAmerica.EitherTomorIamright.=EitherIorTomisright.NeitherTomnorIamright.=NeitherInorTomisright.fewafew与little,alittlefew和afew修饰可数名词的复数,谓语动词都用复数,little和alittle修饰不可数名词,谓语动词都用单数afewalittle是肯定的含义,意为“一些”;fewlittle是否定的含义,意为“几乎没有”Afewstudentsgotothepark.Fewstudentsgotothepark.Hehasalittlehair.Hehaslittlehair.each和everyeach和every都意为“每一个”,后面的谓语动词都要用单数但each比every更强调个体Each具有形容词和代词两个词性,可以作句子主语;every只能作形容词,不作主语Each__nhashislife.Everysingerhashissuc__ssfulsong.otheranothertheotherothers与theothersother表示“其他的,另外的”,后面跟名词或代词;“another+单数名词”意为“又一个,另外一个”,泛指无限定范围;theother表示“另外一个”,指两者中的另外一个;others表示“其他人”,泛指复数含义,无限定范围,后面不能跟名词;theothers表示“其他人”,特指的复数,指在一定范围内去除一部分后剩下的另一部分Ih__etwoflowers.Oneisredtheotheroneiswhite.Tomistallerthantheothersinhisclass.WouldyoulikeanothercupofteaThereare__nypeopleintheparksomearetalkingsomeareflyingkitesandothersarereading.例题引导
一、用othertheotherothers与theothers填空
1.Hehastwodaughters.Oneisanurse________isaworker.
2.Somepeoplelikewalking.Somelikerunning.________likeswimming.
3.Twoboyswillgotothezooand_______willstayathome.
4.Doyouh__eany_______qustions
二、单项选择
1.---________schoolismuchlargerthan________----ReallyAOur;yourB.Our;yoursC.Ours;yoursD.We;you
2.________areallinClass
6.A.YouIandheB.HeyouandIC.Iyouandhe.D.YouheandI
3.ThebuildingsinDalianaresimilar(相似的)to______inTokyo.A.onesB.thoseC.theseD.that衔接训练
一、单项选择1,TheweatherinGuangzhouisbetterthan____inShenyang.A.thatB.itC.thisD.one
2._______h__earacingbicycle.A.EachB.EachofusC.EveryofusD.Weeach
3.Mybikeisbroken.__yIborrow_________A.youB.yourselfC.yoursD.your
4.Ibought_______exercisebookswith_______money.A.afew;afewB.afew;alittleC.alittle;afew.D.alittle;alittle
5.---_____isheHeisabusdriver.A.WhoB.WhichC.ThatD.What
6.---________hatisthis----It’s________.A.Whose;meB.Who;mineC.Whom;hisD.Whose;mine
7.Hehas________to____us.A.somethingimportantB.importantsomethingC.anythingusefulD.usefulnothing
8._____oftheteachersareOKinourschool.A.EveryB.EachC.EitherD.All
9.OfthethreeforeignersoneisfromLondonand_____arefromthexUSA.A.twoothersB.theothertwoC..anothertwoD.theboth
10.---Whichwouldyoulikesirteaorcoffee---Idon’tmind.______isOK.A.EitherB.NeitherC.AnyD.Both
11.________ofushasreadthenewspapersoweknownothingaboutit.A.SomeB.BothC.NoneD.All
12.Heisnotawarm-hearted__nso_____peoplecangetonwellwithhm.A.fewB.afewC.littleD.alittle
七、冠词
1.什么是冠词?冠词是一种虚词,它置于名词前,帮助说明名词的含义本身没有意义,不可单独使用,只能和名词连用英语中的冠词分不定冠词a/an和定冠词the两种
2.不定冠词的含义和主要用法不定冠词a/an通常泛指同类事物中的某一个(位、块、片……)其中,a用在辅音音素开头的单词前,如abook;an用在元音音素开头的单词前,如anorange.不定冠词主要有以下四种用法
(1)指人或事物的某一种类It’sabasketball.Ahorseisausefulani__l.Thisisaninterestingmovie.
(2)表示“一”这个数量,但数的概念没有强烈Shehasa__allnoseandlonghair.3指某人或某物,但不具体说明是何人或何物Hisgrandfatherisanold__n.Thereisaneraseronthedesk.4用于一些固定短语中,如afewalittlealotof等
3.定冠词的含义和主要用法定冠词the通常对所修饰的名词有指定作用,表示“这(那)个”,“这(那)些”定冠词主要有以下用法
(1)特指某(些)人或某(些)事物Thegirlinanorangedressismysister.
(2)指谈话双方都知道的人或物Pleaselookattheblackboard.
(3)指上文提过得人或物IwenttothePeople’sParkyesterday.Theparkisbeautiful.
(4)指世界上独一无二的事物Thesunisbiggerthantheearth.
(5)用在序数词和形容词最高级前GaoShanlivesonthefifthfloor.
(6)用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前theGreatWallthePalaceMuseum
(7)用在江、河、湖、海等专有名词前theChangjiangRivertheYellowRiver
(8)用在姓氏的复数形式前指一家TheBrownsareveryfriendly.
(9)用在乐器名称前CanTomplaytheviolin10用在一些习惯用语中inthemorning/afternoon/eveningintheend
4.什么叫零冠词?什么情况下不用冠词?有些情况下,名词前面可以不用冠词
(1)专有名词前HewenttiNanjingthreedaysago.
(2)月份、周日、节日、季节前HewasbornonJuly1st
1990.
(3)三餐名词前LiuTaohaslunchatschool.
(4)球类运动名称前MrBrownplaystennisverywell.
(5)职位、头衔和称呼语等名词前Mum!Wherearemyshoes
(6)复数名词表示一类人或事物时Ilikepotatoes.
(7)语言、学科等名称前Weh__e__thfourtimesaweek.
(8)两个词义相同或相近的名词连用时Heworksharddayandnight.
(9)名词前已经有作定语的指示代词、物主代词和不定代词时Thisbookisinteresting.
(10)泛指人类时__ncan’tlivewithoutair.
(11)用在固定词组中gotoschoolbytraininhospitalatnight.例题引路单项选择
1.Hegivemysister_______usefilbookyesterday.A.anB.aC./D.the
2.Mybrotheris_______honestboysohehas__nyfriends.A.aB.anC.theD./
3.Morecollegegraduateswantedtoworkin_____westpartofcountry____nextyear.Athe;theB./;/C./;theD.the;/
4.Jimalwaysanswerstheteacher’squestions_____.A.inclassB.intheclassC.afterclassD.atclass衔接训练
一、单项选择
1.---Whatcoloris________orange----It’s_______orange.A.an;anB.an;theC.an;/D./;an
2.Look!Thechildrenareh__ing______goodtime.A./B.theC.anD.a
3.Londonis_______capitalof____England.A.the;theB.a;aC.a;theD.the;/
4.There’re____fewmistakesinyourhomework.Don’t__ke____samemistakesagain.A.a;aB.a;theC.the;theD./;the.
5.YesterdayIwentto_____workon_____foot.A.the;/B./;theC./;/D.the;the
6.Thereis____”h”intheword“hour”but___”h”doesn’t__keasound.A.a;aB.a;theC.the;anD.an;the
7.Heoftensays_____richshouldhelp___poor.A.the;aB.a;theC.the;theD./;/8Therewas______“s”on_______blackboard.A.a;aB.a;theC.an;aD.an;the
9.There’s_____eggontheplate.______eggisforyou.A.a;AB.an;AnC.an;TheD.the;An10Didyouenterfor______highjumpor_____400---meterra__A.a;aB.a;theC.the;aD.the;the
11._______old__ninblackiswaitingforyouforhalf______hour.A.The;anB.The;aC.An;aD.An;/
12._______elephantis_______hugeani__l.A.An;anB.An;aC.The;anD.A;an
八、介词
1.什么是介词?介词是一种用来表示词与词或词与句之间的关系的一种虚词不能单独做句子成分介词后面一般有名词、代词或相当于名词的其他词类或从句作它的宾语It’saboutnineo’clocknow.Helenislikehermom.
2.介词的用法
(1)表示时间的介词atatnoonatnightononSundayonMondaymorningon__rch8ininnextweekinNovemberin2008insummerintheafternoonbeforeWeiHuagotupbefore7o’clockthismorning.afterAfterthatnooneplayedwithhim.byBythetimeIarrivedshehadalreadygone.forTheworkersoftenworkfortwenty-fourhourswithoutrest.duringDidyouh__eagoodtimeduringtheholidaythroughThroughhislifehekeptonlearningnewthings.fromTheworkerswere__detoworkfrom7inthemorningto7intheevening.sin__Hehastaughtherein__1992
(2)表示地点或方位的介词atatschoolathomeat330HepingRoadatthestationinShewillarriveinShanghaiatten.ononthetableaboveabovetheheadoverThereisabridgeovertheriver.underunderthetreebelowTheDeadSeaisbelowsealevel.near=notfarMyhomeisneartheschool.byHewalksbythesideoftheseaeveryday.betweenSuesitsbetweenJudyandNancy.amongTherearesomeAmericansamongus.aroundTheysataroundthetable.infrintofThereisacarinfrontofthehouse.behindHeputhisbikebehindthetree.toJackgottoschoolat8:00a.myesterday.fromHowfarisitfromLondontoNewYork
(3)表示手段和材料的介词witha.Sheliveswithherson.b.Thegirlwithlonghairismyclas__ate.c.MyAmericanfriendislearningtoeatwithchopsticks.inWhat’sthisinEnglishThewo__ninaredcoatisLucy’smom.byWhatdoyoumeanbytheword“island’Iliketr__elingbrtrain.4动向介词into;outofHejumpedintotheswimmingpool.Welookedoutofthewindowandsaw__nyflowers.up;downThelittlemonkeyclimbedupthetreequickly.Walkdownthestreetandyouwillseeabookshopontheright.across;through;alongBecarefulwhenyouwalkacrossthebridge.Wewalkedthroughthewoods.Heiswalkingalongtheriver.5其他介词ofItwasthebeginningoftheterm..likeLike__nychildrenofherageDingDingisaYoungPioneer.asSheworksasawaitressinarestaurant.againstHeissittingagainstthetree.AreyouagainstmeaboutHelikesreadingbooksabouthistory.WhataboutyourfamilyforDoyouknowwhathecomesherefor衔接训练单项选择
1.Childrengetgifts____Christ__sand_____theirbirthdays.A.on;onB.at;onC.in;inD.in;on
2.Mikedoeshisexercises_______seven____theevening.A.on;toB.by;ofC.at;inD.at;on
3._____acoldwintermorningImetherinthestreet.A.InB.OnC.AtD.For
4.Heoftengoes_____school_____sixthirty____themorning.A.for;to;inB.for;at;toC.to;for;atD.to;at;in
5.Thedoctorworked______fivehours_____arest.A.for;withB.on;withoutC.about;h__ingD.for;without
6.Theteacheriscomingback________anhour.A.afterB.forC.inD.before
7.Idon’tliketosit_____Tom’sright.Iwouldliketosit____thebackrow.A.on;inB.in;onC.on;atD.at;on
8.Theappleis______thetreeandthecatis____thetreetoo.A.on;inB.on;onC.in;onD.in;in
9.Lucysits_____thethirdrow_____Jim’sleft.A.on;onB.in;atC.at;inD.in;on
10.Theyarewaiting_______abus________thebusstop.A.for;inB.on;atC.for;atD.with;at
九、连词
一、概说连词是一种虚词,用于连接单词、短语、从句或句子,在句子中不单独用作句子成分连词按其性质可分为并列连词和从属连词并列连词用于连接并列的单词、短语、从句或句子,如andbutorfor等;从属连词主要引出名词性从句主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句等和状语从句时间状语从句、条件状语从句、目的状语从句等,引出名词性从句的连词如thatwhether等,引出状语从句的连词如whenbecausesin__if等
二、并列连词的用法◆
1.表示转折关系的并列连词有butyet,however等如Ilikeapplesbutmysisterlikesoranges.=Ilikeappleshowevermysisterlikesoranges.Hesaidhewasourfriendyethewouldn’thelpus.他说他是我们的朋友,但却不肯帮助我们◆
2.表示因果关系的并列连词这类连词主要有forso等如Thechildhadabadcoughsohismothertookhimtothedoctor.这孩子咳得很利害,所以他妈妈带他去看医生Youaresupposedtogetridofcarelessnessforitoftenleadstoseriouserrors.你们一定要克服粗枝大叶,因为粗枝大叶常常引起严重的错误注意for表示结果通常不能放句首,也不能单独使用◆
3.表示并列关系的并列连词这类连词主要有andoreither…orneither…nornotonly…butalsoboth…andaswellas等如Hedidn’tgoandshedidn’tgo,either.他没去,她也没去Theweatherismildtoday;itisneitherhotnorcold.今天天气很温暖,不冷也不热BothNewYorkandLondonh__etrafficproblems.纽约和伦敦都存在交通问题Itisimportantforyouaswellasforme.这对你和对我都很重要Peoplewhoareeitherunderageoroverage__ynotjointhearmy.年龄不到或者超龄的人都不得参军
三、从属连词的用法◆
1.引导时间状语从句的从属连词1表示“当…时候”或“每当”的时间连词主要的whenwhileaswhenever如Don’ttalkwhileyou’reeating.吃饭时不要说话Vegetablesarebestwhentheyarefresh.蔬菜新鲜时最好吃HecamejustasIwasle__ing.我正要走时他来了2表示“在…之前或之后”的时间连词主要的有beforeafter如Trytofinishyourworkbeforeyoule__e.离开前设法把工作做完Afterweh__efinishedteawewillsitonthegrass.喝完茶之后我们将坐在草地上3表示“自从”或“直到”的时间连词主要的有sin__untiltill如She’sbeenplayingtennissin__shewaseight.她从八岁起就打网球了Hedidn’le__euntiltherainstopped.Nevertroubletroubletilltroubletroublesyou.谚不要无事惹事4表示“一…就”的时间连词主要的有assoonas如I’llletyouknowassoonasIhearfromher.我一接她的信就通知你例题引路单项选择
1.Theyareallnew_______I’mnot.A.andB.butC.soD.or
2.Whichisgiggerthesun_____themoonA.soB.orC.andD.but
3.Doyouh__eanybrothers____sisters/A.soB.orC.forD.but
4.Domoreexercise________youarenotgoodatP.E.A.soB.butC.orD.because
5.Youh__ethreeboks;Ih__efivebooks.___Ih__etwomorebooksthanyou.A.AndB.ButC.SoD.If
6.—Whatdoyouwanttobuy---Abook_______twopens.A.butB.orC.andD.so
7.MissLiistaller____hersister.A.thanB.butC.ifD.as
8.MybrothergoestoworkonSundays____Idon’t.A.becauseB.butC.andD.so
9._______IfinishmyhomeworkIwillwatchTV.A.AfterB.BeforeC.WhenD.As
10.SheknewnothingaboutHongKong______shewentthere.A.orB.beforeC.becauseD.as
11.I’dlikesomebread______butter.A.butB.andC.norD.or
12.Justletmeknow________youneedanyhelp.A.becauseB.beforeC.ifD.and
13.GaoShanwassad_______couldn’tfindhistoys.A.soB.andC.butD.because第2节句法
一、概述
1.什么是句子成分?组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分英语句子成分有主语,谓语,表语,宾语,宾语补足语,定语,状语等顺序一般是主语,谓语,宾语,宾语补足语,而表语,定语,状语的位置要根据情况而定
(1)主语主语表示句子主要说明的人或事物,一般由名词,代词,数词,不定式等充当HelikeswatchingTV.Englishisveryusefulforus.Swimmingisagoodsport.2谓语谓语说明主语的动作,状态或特征一般可分为两类简单谓语:由动词或短语动词构成可以有不同的时态,语态和语气Westudyforthepeople.我们为人民学习Wegotthereyesterdaymorning.复合谓语由“情态动词+动词原形”构成IcanspeakalittleEnglish.我可以说一点英语
(3)表语表语是谓语的一部分,它位于系动词如be之后,说明主语身份,特征,属性或状态一般由名词,代词,形容词,副词,不定式,介词短语等充当Mysisterisanurse.我姐姐是护士Shelookshappy.4宾语宾语表示动作行为的对象,跟在及物动词之后,能作宾语的有名词,代词,数词,动词不定式等WelikeEnglish.我们喜欢英语有些及物动词可以带两个宾语,往往一个指人,一个指物,指人的叫间接宾语,指物的叫直接宾语Heg__emesomeink.他给了我一点墨水有些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语,意思才完整,宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语如We__kehimourmonitor.我们选他当班长5定语在句中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语用作定语的主要是形容词,代词,数词,名词,副词,动词不定式,介词短语等形容词,代词,数词,名词等作定语时,通常放在被修饰的词前面Heisanewstudent.他是个新生但副词,动词不定式,介词短语等作定语时,则放在被修饰的词之后Thebikeintheroomismine.__里的自行车是我的6状语修饰动词,形容词,副词以及全句的句子成分,叫做状语用作状语的通常是副词,介词短语,不定式和从句等状语一般放在被修饰的词之后或放在句尾副词作状语时可放在被修饰的词前或句首HelivesinLondon.他住在伦敦Thechildrenareplayinghappily.7补语补语用来说明宾语或主语所处的状态或正在进行的动作,作补语的有形容词、副词、名词、不定式、动词-ing形式、数词等Wewill__keourcountrymorebeautiful.
2.句子是如何分类的?
(1)句子按使用目的可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句陈述句用来说明一个事实的句子叫陈述句它有肯定句和否定句两种形式▲陈述句的肯定式Heisamiddleschoolstudent.(他是个中学生)/Sheteachesusgeography.(她教我们地理)/Thenewplaywasgoodenoughandeverybodyenjoyedit.(新的话剧非常好大家都喜欢)▲陈述句的否定式Mybrotherisnotateacher.(我的弟弟不是教师)/Hedoesnoth__eacousin.(他没有堂兄弟)/Iwillnotgotheretomorrow.(明天我不去那儿)/Mymotherisnotcookingamealinthekitchen.(我母亲现在不在厨房里做饭)/Youmustnot__kesuchmistakesagain.(你不该再犯类似错误了)、疑问句提出问题分一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句四种如Isheanengineer(他是工程师吗?)Doyougetupatsixeverymorning(你天天早晨六点起身吗?)/Doesshestudyhard(她学习努力吗?)/Didyougothereyesterday(昨天你去那儿了吗?)Whatdoyouwant(你要什么?)Whydidhegotobedsoearly(他___这么早睡觉?)/Howdidyougothere(你是怎么去的那儿?)DoyouwantteaorcoffeeHeneverwenttheredidhe他从没有去过那里是吗?、祈使句祈使句用来表示请求、命令等它的主语you往往不说出▲祈使句的肯定式动词原形+其他如Pleasegivemeahand.请帮忙/Shutup!住嘴!▲祈使句的否定式Don’t+动词原形+其他如Pleasedon’ttalkinlowvoi__s.请不要低声讲话、感叹句感叹句用来表示喜怒哀乐等强烈感情句末常用“!”如Whatagoodkindgirlsheis!她是多么善良的好女孩!/Whatbadweatheritis!天气真糟糕!Howcarefullytheold__nwalks!这老人走路真小心!/Howdeliciousthefoodis!这食品真好吃!/Howbeautiful!真美呀!2句子按其结构可分为简单句、并列句和复合句简单句
1、简单句的特点简单句通常只由一个主语或并列主语和一个谓语或并列谓语构成
2、简单句的种类简单句一般分为陈述句、疑问句、感叹句和祈使句四种Shelaughed.并列句:由两个或两个以上并列而又__的简单句构成两个简单句常由并列连接词连在一起;但有时不用连接词只在两个简单句之间用逗号或分号Heworksinthisshopandhelikesworkinghere.复合句包含一个主句和一个或多个从句的句子Theboythinksthathecandothisjobwell.
3.简单句五种基本句型句子包含主要句子成分主语、谓语和次要句子成分表语、宾语、宾语补足语按照动词的性质将英语简单句划分为以下五种基本句型
1、基本句型的词序 主谓句型S-ViIwork.主系表句型S-Vlink-PJohnisbusy.主谓宾句型S-Vt.-OShestu___sEnglish.主谓双宾句型S-Vt-O间宾-O直宾Mymother__demeanewdress.主谓宾补句型S-Vt-O-CThestory__deuslaugh.
一、陈述句
1.什么是陈述句?陈述句是用于陈述事实或观点的句子句末必须使用句点“.”分肯定句和否定句两种Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.Hisfatherdidn’tcometoseehimyesterday.
2.肯定句如何变成否定句?
(1)be动词的否定式be动词根据不同的人称和时态有不同的形式,在一般现在时中是am,is,are;在一般过去时中是was,were构成否定式时,一律在其后加否定词notIamastudent.→Iamnotastudent.2情态动词的否定式情态动词的否定式是在其后加notIcanswim.→Icannotcan’tswim.
(3)实义动词的否定式含有实义动词的句子变否定句时,要借助助动词dodoesdid等来构成否定式在一般现在时中借助do或does,在一般过去时中借助didIlikepopmusic.→Idonotdon’tlikepopmusic.Helikesrunning.→Hedoesnotdoesn’tlikerunning.Shedoesherhomeworkathome.→Shedoesn’tdoherhomeworkathome.HewenttothezoolaskSunday.→Hedidnotdidn’tgotothezoolaskSunday.
2、疑问句
1.疑问句的定义用来提出问题的句子叫疑问句,句末问号AreyougoodatplayingbasketballWhatareyoulookingforHeisinaredcoatisn’the
2.疑问句的种类一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句四种H__eyoubeentherebeforeWhatdaywasityesterdayCanyouspeakEnglishorChineseHeisadriverisn’the
3.一般疑问句1什么是一般疑问句?一般疑问句是如何构成的?要用yes或no回答的疑问句,叫一般疑问句读时用升调含系动词be的一般疑问句的构成.具体地说,就是当陈述句中有am/is/are时,可直接将它们提至主语前,但如遇第一人称,最好将其置换成第二人称如IminClass2Grade
1.→AreyouinClass2Grade1你是在一年级二班吗?含实义动词的一般疑问句的构成含实义动词的一般疑问句的构成根据不同时态和人称在句首加助动词dodoesdid. ShelivesinBeijing.→DoessheliveinBeijing她住在北京吗? IlikeEnglish.→DoyoulikeEnglish你喜欢英语吗? 情态动词的一般疑问句的构成.一般疑问句面前人人平等情态动词与am/is/are一样,直接将它们提至主语前.Icanspellit.→Canyouspellit你会拼写它吗?少数口语化的一般疑问句.如问一个与前文相同的问句时,可省略成Andyou或What/Howabout...等;甚至只抓关键词,读作升调如Yourpen你的钢笔?2一般疑问句的应答肯定回答用Yes否定回答用No通常用简略形式回答且答语中主语后的各种动词要与问句中句首词的词类保持一致be动词引出的一般疑问句,答语中主语后用动词be的相应形式(amisarewaswere).IsthisyourEnglishbook?肯答Yes,itis.否答No,itisn`t.AretheseyourEnglishbooks?肯答Yes,theyare.否答No,theyaren’t.do的各种形式引出的一般疑问句.答语中主语后用动词do的相应形式dodoes.didDoyourparentslikeEnglish?肯答Yes,theydo.否答No,theydon’t.canwill引出的一般疑问句.答语中用canwill的相应形式cancould;willwould.---Canyousinganddan__Lucy----YesIcan./NoIcan’t.must引出的一般疑问句.肯定回答用must,否定回答用needn’t.---Mustwecleantheroom---Yesyoumust./Noyouneedn’t.
4.特殊疑问句1以特殊疑问词开头,对陈述句中的某一部分提出疑问/进行发问的句子叫特殊疑问句特殊疑问句的构成:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句构成.Howoldareyou WhatsthisinEnglish疑问代词what,who,Which,whose,whom疑问副词when,where,why,how疑问形容词what(which,whose)+名词2疑问代词的用法
1.what引导的疑问句此类疑问句可以对主语、表语和宾语提问a.对主语提问Whatisinyourpocket?你口袋里有什么?☆这个问题可以有两种回答a Thereisanegginit.在口袋里有一个蛋b Aneggis(init).一个蛋(在里面)Whatsintheroom?屋子里有什么?Therearealotofchairsinit.=A1otofchairsareinit.有许多椅子注意回答此句型的问题时,答句的单复数根据实际情况而定b.对宾语提问Whatdidyoubuy?你买了什么?Iboughtabike.我买了辆自行车c.对表语提问Whatisthis?这是什么?Itsabench.这是一条长凳Whatisyourmother?你妈妈是干什么的?注意Whatis+人?此句型是问人的职业,一般译为“是干什么的?”Sheisateacher.她是个老师
2.Who,whom,whose引导的疑问句此类疑问句可以对主语、表语和宾语提问Whobrokethewindow?(对主语提问)☆who可以对主语和表语提问whom是who的宾格,对宾语提问,但在口语中who可以代替whom谁打破了窗户?LiMingdid.李明打破的Whoisthatwo__n?(对表语提问)那个女人是谁?Sheismymother.她是我妈妈(关系)或者SheisRose.她是罗思(姓名)注意Whois+人?是询问某人的姓名或与人关系的问句与Whatis+人?(问人的职业)不同Whoseisthisumbrella?这伞是谁的?Thisumbrellaismysisters.这伞是我姐姐的注意whose之后如果没有名词时,表示“谁的(东西)……”Which引导的特殊疑问句此类疑问句可以对主语和宾语提问WhichisToms?(对主语提问)哪个是汤姆的?Thisishis.这是他的Whichdoeshewant?(对宾语提问)他想要哪一个?Hewantsthegreenone.他想要那个绿色的注意疑问词what,who,which在句中作主语时,语序是陈述句语序2疑问形容词的用法what,which,whose后面跟上名词时,这三个疑问词起形容词作用Whatsportsdoyoulike?(对宾语提问)你喜欢什么运动?Ilikebasketball.我喜欢篮球Whosepensarethese?(对表语提问)这些是谁的钢笔?TheyareLiMings.这些是李明的Whosefather___dtwoyearsago?(对主语提问)两年前谁的父亲死了?Whichpicturedidyoutake?(对宾语提问)哪一张照片是你拍的?Itooktheoneontheright.右边的那一张是我拍的3疑问副词的用法句型疑问副词+一般疑问句的语序~?(疑问副词在句中作状语,所以它们不可能对主语提问)
1.when引导的疑问句询问时间Whenwereyouborn?你何时出生?(Iwasborn)onJune
51962.我是1962年6月5日出生的注意when引起的疑问句,都可用简略式回答,只回答出时间就可以了WhenwillyougotoJapan?你什么时候去__?(Illgothere)nextyear.我明年去那儿☆when问的是具体时间,所以不能和完成时连用(×)Whenh__eyoubeenhere?(○)Howlongh__eyoubeenhere?你呆在这里有多久了?(○)Whendidyoucomehere?你什么时候来这里的?
2.where引导的疑问句询问地点、场所Wheredoyoulive?你住在哪儿?(Ilivein)Bei___g.(可以简略回答出地点)我住在北京Whereareyougoing?你准备去什么地方?IamgoingtoJapan.我准备去__
3.why引导的疑问句询问原因它的回答只能用because引导的原因状语从句Whyareyoulate?你___迟到?BecauseImettheaccident.因为我遇上车祸了Whydidntyouseethemovie?Whydidyounotseethemovie?你___不去看那部电影?BecauseIhadseenitbefore.因为我已经看过了
4.how引导的疑问句可分为两类a.How…?how可单独地置于疑问句的句首询问如何地做某事即做某事的方法、手段及健康、天气……Howdoyougotoschool?(问方式)Igotoschoolbybus.我坐公共汽车Howareyou?(问健康)你身体怎样?Imfine.Thankyou!我很好谢谢你Howistheweathertoday?(问天气)今天天气如何?Itscloudy.今天多云b How+形容词(副词)howoften多久一次HowoftendoesBobwatchTVhowmuch多少,问__,重量Howmuchisthebookhow__ny多少问可数名词的数量How__nypeoplearethereinyourfamilyhowold问年龄Howoldisyourfatherhowlong多久,问一段时间Howlongdidyoustaytherehowsoon多久之后,与一般将来时连用Howsoonwillyoubeback
5.选择疑问句
(1)定义选择疑问句表示提供两种或两种以上的情况,要求对方在所提供的范围、对象内选择在所提供的最后一个备选对象前面用表示选择关系的并列连词or,朗读时or前用声调,or后面用降调,句末用问号选择疑问句的结构 、“一般疑问句+一个备选对象or+另一个备选对象”例如 Shallwegotherebybusbikeortrain我们乘公共汽车、自行车还是火车去?(备选对象为三者) Wouldyoulikesometeaorcoffee你要茶水还是咖啡?(备选对象为二者) Didyoustayathomeoratschoolyesterday你昨天呆在家还是在学校?(备选对象为二者)、“特殊疑问句+一个备选对象or+另一个备选对象”例如 WhichwouldyoulikebestEnglishChineseor__th你最喜欢哪门学科,英语、语文还是数学?(备选对象为三者) WhenwillyougotoCanadaSundayorMonday你何时去___,星期天还是星期一?(备选对象为二者)2选择疑问句的回答不能用Yes/No来回答----Shallweplaybasketballorfootball----Playfootball.
6.反意疑问句是由一个陈述句加上一个短问句而构成的反意疑问句的基本构成形式是陈述句+动词(肯定或否定)+主语?如
①Sheoftenhaslunchatschooldoesntshe
②Youdontlikesportsdoyou使用反意疑问句要注意以下若干对应规则
一、反意疑问句中问句部分的动词与陈述部分的动词在语气上成相反的对应关系,即肯定+否定?否定+肯定?如
①Youcantdoitcanyou
②Theyareverylateforthemeetingarentthey
二、反意疑问句中问句部分的动词与陈述部分的动词种类要对应一致如
①Hehassupperathomeeverydaydoesnthe(不能用hasnthe)
②Theyh__eknownthe__tterh__entthey(不能用dontthey)
三、反意疑问句中问句部分的动词在时态上应和陈述部分的时态一致如
①Theywillgototownsoonwontthey(不能用dontthey或arentthey)
②Heworksveryharddoesnthe(不能用didnthe或wonthe)
四、反意疑问句的陈述部分含有由un-im-in-dis-等否定意义的前缀构成的词语时,陈述部分要视为肯定含义,问句部分用否定形式如
①Yourfatherisunhappyisnthe(不能用ishe)
②The__nisdishonestisnthe(不能用ishe)
③ItisimpossibletolearnEnglishwithoutrememberingmorewordsisntit(不能用isit)
五、反意疑问句的陈述部分带有littlefewneverhardlyseldom等否定意义的词时,问句部分用肯定式如
①Shenever____saliedoesshe(不用doesntshe)
②Hewasseldomlatewashe(不用wasnthe)
六、反意疑问句的陈述部分为Iam……时,问句部分习惯上用arentI?表示如Iamaveryhonest__narentI
七、反意疑问句的陈述部分为IWethinkbelievesupposeconsider+that从句时,问句部分的动词及主语与that从句内的动词和主语保持一致如
①Ithinkthathehasdonehisbesthasnthe
②WethinkthatEnglishisveryusefulisntit(不用dontwe)
八、反意疑问句的陈述部分为IWedontthinkbelievesupposeconsider+that从句时,从句为否定意义,问句部分的动词和主语仍与that从句保持一致且用肯定式如
①Idontthinkthatyoucandoitcanyou(不用doI)
②Wedontbelievethatthenewsistrueisit(不用dowe)
九、反意疑问句的陈述部分为非第一人称主语+thinkbelievesupposeconsider+that从句时,问句部分的动词和主语与陈述部分的主句动词和主语保持一致如
①TheyallthinkthatEnglishisveryimportantdontthey(不用isntit)
②Hedidntthinkthatthenewswastruedidhe(不用wasnt/wasit)
十、反意疑问句的陈述部分为主语+saidtoldreportedasked……+that从句时,问句部分的动词和主语与陈述部分的主句动词和主语保持一致如
①Theysaidthatyouhadfinishedyourworkdidntthey(不用hadntyou)
②Katetoldyouthatshewouldgotheredidntshe(不用wouldntshe)
十一、陈述部分的主语为不定代词somethinganythingnothingeverything时,问句部分的主语用it如
①Somethingiswrongwiththecomputerisntit
②Nothinghashappenedtothemhasit
十二、陈述部分的主语为不定代词somebodysomeoneanybodyanyonenobodynooneeverybodyeveryone时,问句部分的主语用he或they,这时问句动词的数应和he或they一致如
①Someonehastakentheseathasnthe
②Everyonehasdonetheirbestinthegameh__entthey
十三、陈述部分为Letme……时,问句部分习惯上用shallI或willyou形式如Letmeh__eatryshallIwillyou
十四、陈述部分为Letus……时,问句部分习惯上用willyou形式如Letusstoptorestwillyou
十五、陈述部分为Lets……时,问句部分习惯上用shallwe形式如Letsgohometogethershallwe
十六、陈述部分用上述情况以外的祈使句时,问句部分一般用willyou形式表示请求,用wontyou?形式表示委婉请求或邀请如
①Dositdownwontyou/willyou
②Youfeedthebirdtodaywillyou
③Pleaseopenthewindowwillyouwontyou
十七、陈述部分为否定祈使句时,问句部分一般用willyou形式如Dont__keanynoisewillyou
十八、陈述部分为ThereHere+be+主语时,问句部分用动词+therehere形式如
①Therearetwocakesontheplatearentthere
②Hereisastoryabout__rkTwainisnthere__、陈述部分用hadbetter+原形动词表示建议时,问句部分用hadnt+主语?形式
①Youdbetter____himaboutthe__tterhadntyou
②Wehadbetterdoitbyourselveshadntwe__、陈述部分用usedto+主语时,问句部分用didnt+主语?或usednt+主语?形式
①Heusedtoliveinthecountrydidnthe/usednthe
②Theyusedtobegoodfriendsdidntthey/usedntthey__
一、陈述部分用must__ymight+h__e+V-ed表示推测时,若句中带有明显的过去时间的状语,问句部分动词用过去时形式如
①Hemighth__eforgottenhispenintheclassroomyesterdaydidnthe(不用mightnthe/hasnthe)
②Youmusth__egotuplatethismorningdidntyou(不用mustntyou/h__entyou)__
二、陈述部分用must__ymight+h__e+V-ed表示推测时,若句中没有带明显的过去时间的状语,问句部分动词用现在完成时形式如
①Everyonemusth__eknownthedeathofthewaitressh__entthey(不用mustntthey)
②Youmusth__eworkedthereayearagodidntyou(不用mustntyou/h__entyou)__
三、陈述部分的主语为从句时,问句部分的主语一般用it代替,如
①Whathesaidistrueisntit(不用didnthe)
②Wherewewillbuildthedamhasnotbeendecidedyethasit(不用wontwe)__
四、陈述部分的主语为动名词或不定式时,问句的主语用it代替如
①Todoonegooddeediseasyforapersonisntit
②Skatingisyourf__oritesportisntit练习单项选择
1.-------DoeshelikeEnglish------____________.A.YeshedoesB.Yesheis.C.Noheisn’t
2.----________doeshisfatherdo-----He’sadoctor.A.WhatB.WhoC.How
3.Wouldyoulokecoffee_________teaA.andB.orC.of
4.____hasfewfriends___________A.isheB.doesn’theC.doeshe
四、祈使句
1.定义祈使句是用来表示请求、命令、劝告或建议等语气的句子它的主语多是You(通常不说出)
2.祈使句的用法
(1)通常表示命令、请求、警告或禁止Goandwashyourhands.Bequietplease.Noparking!2表示邀请、建议H__esomemilkplease.Let’sgotoschool.
3.祈使句构成
(1)肯定结构Do型:动词原形(+宾语)+其他成分Pleaseh__easeathere.Be型:连系动词+表语(如形容词、名词等)Keepquiet!保持安静! Beagoodstudent!要做一名好学生!let型 Let+宾语+动词原形+其它例如 Letmeh__eagoodrest.让我好好休息一下
(3)否定结构Do型和Be型的否定形式的构成在句首加上Don’t例如 Don’tgotherealone!不要一个人去那里 Don’tbelateforclassagain!别再上课迟到 由let构成的否定式的祈使句句型为 以let引起的祈使句的否定形式,要视其在意思上否定了什么来决定如否定let,则用Don’tlet…向式;如否定let后面的不定式,则在不定式前加not,即用“Let+宾语+not+动词原形+其它”句式例如 Don’tletthechildrenplayfootballontheroad.不要让孩子们在马路上踢球 Let’snotwaitoutsidetogate. 咱们别在门外等 有些用no开头,表示禁止No__oking!Nofishing!
4.特殊的祈使句
(1)强调式祈使句祈使句的主语通常不说出来,但有时为了强调,此时可说出主语you祈使句式的肯定式前加do可起强调作用意为“务必;一定”等例如例如 Youfeedtheani__lstoday. 今天你喂动物 Yousweepthefloor.你拖地板 Docome,please!请一定来! Do____herthething.务必告诉她此事
(2)不含动词的祈使句Onemomentplease.Handsupplease.练习
1.Please_________thebabyissleeping.A.notbesonoisy.B.bequietC.mustn’ttalkD.nospeaking
2._______tomeetmeatthestation.I’llbewaitingthere.A.NottoforgetB.notforgetC.ForgetnotD.Don’tforget
3.---Don’tforgettocometomybirthday_____tomorrow.----I_________.A.don’tB.won’tC.can’tD.h__en’t
4._________ChineseinyourEnglishclass.A.NotspeakB.Don’tspeakC.SpeaknotD.Don’tspeaking
5._____downtheradio.It’stoonoisy.A.TurningB.ToturnC.TurnedD.Turn
6.Lucy________thedoororsomeonewillcomein.A.closeB.closesC.notcloseD.isclosing
7._________andplayfootballinthestreetafterlunch.A.let’snottogoB.let’snotgoC.let’sdon’tgoD.Notlet’sgo
8.Wecanseeasignwiththewords“_______”inabus.A.NotparkingB.Not__okingC.No__okingD.Noparking
9._____callmeMimi.It’smycat’sname.A.NotB.Didn’tC.Doesn’tD.Don’t
10.________forschool!Youshouldgetupearly.A.BelateB.NotbelateC.Don’tbelateD.Benotlate
五、感叹句感叹句一般是用来表示说话时的喜悦、惊讶等情感英语感叹句常用what和how引导,what和how与所修饰的词置于句首,其它部分用陈述句语序
一、由what引导的感叹句what意为多么用作定语,修饰名词(被强调部分),单数可数名词前要加不定冠词a/an复数可数名词或不可数名词前不用冠词这类句子的结构形式是what+a/an+adj.+n.+主语+谓语+itis.如
①Whataclevergirlsheis!多么聪明的姑娘呀!
②Whataninterestingstoryitis!多么有趣的故事呀!
③Whatgoodchildrentheyare!他们是多么好的孩子呀!
④Whatbeautifulflowerstheyare!多么漂亮的花呀!
⑤Whatdeliciousfooditis!多么有味的食物呀!
⑥Whathe__ysnowitis!多么大的雪呀!
二、由how引导的感叹句how意为多么,用作状语,修饰形容词或副词(被强调部分)如果修饰形容词,则句中的谓语动词用系动词;如果how修饰副词,则句中的谓语动词用行为动词,这类句子的结构形式是How+adj.(adv.)+主语+谓语+itis.如
①Howcolditistoday!今天多么冷呀!
②Howni__thepicturesare!多么漂亮的图画呀!
③Howhappytheylook!他们显得多么高兴呀!
④Howwellshesings!她唱得多好呀!
⑤Howhardtheyareworkingnow!他们干得多么起劲呀!
三、在表示同一意义时,英语感叹既可用what引导,也可用how引导如
①Whatahotdayitis!Howhotthedayis!多么热的天气呀!
②Whattallbuildingstheyare!Howtallthebuildingsare!多么高的楼房呀!
③Whatbadweatheritis!Howbadtheweatheris!多么糟糕的天气呀!
④Whatbrightsunshineitis!Howbrightthesunshineis!多么明亮的阳光呀!
四、感叹句在表示激动强烈的感情时,口语中常常采用省略句,其后面的主语和谓语往往略去不讲如
①Whatafineday!多么晴朗的天呀!
②Whatanhonestboy!多么诚实的孩子呀!
③Whatredapples!多么红的苹果呀!
④Howcool!好凉快呀!
⑤Howwonderful!精彩极了!练习单项选择
1._______foodyou’vecooked!A.Howani__B.Whatani__C.Howni__D.Whatni__
2.______fastheruns!A.HowB.HowaC..WhatD..Whata
3.______beautifulflowers!A..HowB.HowaC.WhatD.Whata
4._______brightgirlstheyare!A.WhatB.WhataC.HowD.Howa
5._____sunnyday!Let’sgooutforawalk.A.WhatB.WhataC.HowD.Howa
6._______dayitis!It’srainyagain.A.HowbadB.WhatabadC.HowfineD.Whatafine
7._____weatherweh__etoday!A.AfineB.WhatafineC.HowafineD.Whatfine
8._______fromBeijingtoLondon!A.HowlongwayitisB.WhatalongwayitisC.HowlongwayisitD.Whatalongwayisit
9.______usefulworktheyh__edone!A.WhatB.HowC.WhataD.Whatan
10.____ni__pictureyoug__eme!A.WhatB.HowC.WhataD.Whatan
11._______excitinggameitis!A.WhatB.HowC.HowmuchD.Whatan
12.-----_________youh__eboughtme!------Igotitatthe__rket.A.WhatabigfishB.HowabigfishC.WhatbigfishD.Howbigfish
13.---ItisreportedthatanearthquakehitHaitilastnight.-------________terriblenews!A.WhatB.WhataC.HowD.Howa
14.-------Happybirthday!-------Thankyou..________ni__ofyoutoremembermybirthday!A.ThatB.WhatC.HowD.Whata
15._______itistoday!We’dbetterstayathome.A.WhatabadweatherB.WhatbadweatherC.HowabadweatherD.Howbadweather
六、therebe句型
1.therebe句型概念therebe表示“存在;有”,therebe句型也叫存在句,指某人或某物存在于某个特定的位置其中的be与紧跟其后的名词的形式保持一致,如在一般现在时中thereis和单数名词或不可数名词连用,thereare则与复数名词连用Thereisapearonthetable.Thereare__nypearsinthebasket.
2.therebe句型的基本结构Therebe+主语+地点(时间)状语提示therebe和h__e都表示“有”,单它们的含义是不同的therebe表示的是“客观存在”而h__e表示的是“拥有;占有”Thereisanewbookonthedesk.Ih__eanewbook.
3.therebe句型主要注意什么?在therebe句型中,主语之前常用到asomeall,而不用thethisthat等修饰Thereisadogintheroom.正Thereisthedogintheroom.(误)
4.therebe句型中谓语动词的“就近原则”1一般情况下,therebe句型中谓语动词be在人称和数上与其后的主语保持一致若主语是不可数名词或单数可数名词,be为is或was;若主语是复数名词,be为are或were.Thereissomewaterintheglass.Thereisabookonthedesk.Therearesomepeopleunderthetree.2当therebe句型中有两个或两个以上主语时,谓语动词be应与邻近的主语在“数”上保持一致,即“就近原则”Thereisapenandtwopencilsinthebox.Therearethreemenandawo__nbehindthehouse.提示therebe句型可以用于各种时态Therewasa__allhouseneartheriverlastyear.Therewillbeafashionshowtomorrow.练习
1.Thereissome________-onthetable.A.penB.rulerC.moneyD.books
2.There_______threepensandapencilsinthepencilcase.AisB.areC.h__eD.has
3.---Isthereabookonthedesk------__________.A.Yesitis.B.YesthereisC.Noitisn’tD.Noisn’tthere
4.Thereisgoingto_______afootballgametomorrow.A.beB.h__eC.hasD.is
5.Therearealotofpeople_____forthebustocome.A.waitingB.towaitC.waitedD.iswaiting
6.Whatapitymynewcomputerdoesn’twork.________mustbesomethingwrongwithit.A.ItB.ThereC.ThisD.That
7.How__ny________arethereinyourschoolA.wo__nteacherB.womenteacherC.wo__nteachersD.womenteachers
8.There________threenewfilmsinthecine__nextweek.A.isgoingtobeB.willh__eC.aregoingtobeD.aregoingtoh__e第三节时态英语的时态是靠动词的变化的时间状语来表达的共有16种,常见的有9种,即一般现在时主语+动词原形/第三人称单数一般过去时主语+动词的过去分词一般将来时主语+shall/will+动词原形过去将来时主语+should/would+动词原形现在进行时主语+(amisare+现在分词过去进行时主语+(waswere+现在分词现在完成进行时主语+h__e/has+been+现在分词现在完成时主语+h__e/has+过去分词过去完成时主语+had+过去分词
一、一般现在时一般现在时自述第一,一般现在时
1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态如Theskyisblue.
2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作如Igetupatsixeveryday.、
3.表示客观现实如Theearthgoesaroundthesun.、第二,请看我的面目--构成
1.be动词主语+beamisare+其它如 Iamaboy.我是一个男孩
2.行为动词主语+行为动词+其它如 WestudyEnglish.我们学习英语 当主语为第三人称单数hesheit时,要在动词后加-s或-es如__rylikesChinese.玛丽喜欢汉语第三,我的变化--否定句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句
1.be动词的变化 否定句主语+be+not+其它 如Heisnotaworker.他不是工人 一般疑问句Be+主语+其它 如-Areyouastudent -Yes.Iam./NoImnot. 特殊疑问句疑问词+一般疑问句如Whereismybike
2.行为动词的变化 否定句主语+dontdoesnt+动词原形+其它如 Idontlikebread. 当主语为第三人称单数时,要用doesnt构成否定句如 Hedoesntoftenplay. 一般疑问句DoDoes+主语+动词原形+其它如 -Doyouoftenplayfootball -YesIdo./NoIdont. 当主语为第三人称单数时,要用does构成一般疑问句如 -Doesshegotoworkbybike -Yesshedoes./Noshedoesnt. 特殊疑问句疑问词+一般疑问句如Howdoesyourfathergotowork 一般现在时的用法■一般现在时表示经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频度的时间状语everydayusuallyalwaysoftensometimesonSunday等连用如Igotoschoolat6everymorning.每天早上我七点去上学■一般现在时表示客观存在及普遍真理如Summerfollowsspring.春天之后是夏天Thesunrisesintheeast.太阳从东方升起注意此种用法即使出现在过去的语境中,仍用一般现在时如IlearnedthattheearthgoesaroundthesunwhenIwasinpri__ryschool.我在小学就学过地球是围绕太阳转的■一般现在时表示格言或警句如Pridegoesbeforeafall.骄者必败■一般现在时表示目前的情况或状态如Iamateacher.我是教师PeterwritesgoodChinesebutdoesnotspeakwell.彼得汉语写得不错,讲的可不行■以herethere等开始的倒装句,表示动作正在进行如Herecomesthebus.=Thebusiscoming.车来了Theregoesthebell.=Thebellisringing.铃响了■在下列情况下表示将来
1.在状语从句中用一般现在时代替一般将来时如IwillgiveittohimassoonasIseehim.我一看见他就交给他Hewillcomeifyouinvitehim.如果你请他他会来的Supposehedoesn’tagree,whatshallwedo假如他不同意,那怎么办IshalldoasIplease.我高兴怎么做就怎么做Hewillcontinuetheworkno__tterwhathappens.不管发生什么情况他都要继续这项工作
2.在themore…themore…越……越……句型中前者通常用一般现在时代替一般将来时,因为前者相当于条件状语从句如Theharderyoustudythebetterresultsyouwillget.你学习越努力,成绩就会越好
3.在__kesure__rtainseetoitmindcare__tter后的宾语从句的谓语动词用一般现在时代替一般将来时如Seetoitthatyouarenotlateagain.注意别再迟到了from___.hxen.com
4.表示按计划或时间表将要发生的动作,通常有表示将来的时间状语如Theplanetakesoffat11:30andarrivesinShanghaiatl:
20.飞机十一点半起飞,一点__分抵达__注只限于少数动词能这样用,如beginstartendfinishstopgocomele__esailarrivereturncloseopen等练习
1.—DoesPeterliketowatchTV----________.A.Yeshelike.B.Nohedoesn’tC.Yeshe’dlike.D.Nohelikes.
2.Shedoesn’t_______herhomeworkintheafternoon.A.doingB.todoC.doesD.do
3.--________youusuallylateforschool---No_______.A.Do;IamB.Does;notC.Are;I’mnotD.Are;Iaren’t
4.MrYang____Englishthisterm.A.teachesourB.teachesusC.teachsusD.teachour
5.Oneoftheboys_________ablackhat.A.h__eB.thereisC.thereareD.has
6.Wewillgoshoppingifit______tomorrow.A.don’trainB.won’trainC.doesn’trainD.isn’train
7.Hesaidthesun_______intheeastand_______inthewest.A.rises;setsB.rose;setC.rises;setD.rise;sets
二、一般过去时一般过去时态表示过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态谓语动词要用一般过去式经常与yesterday(昨天)lastweek(上周)lastmonth(上个月)lastyear(去年)twomonthsago(两个月前)thedaybeforeyesterday(前天),in1990在1990年inthosedays(在那些日子里)等表示过去的时间状语连用如Iwasbornin
1990.我出生在1990年Whendidyougotothepark(你是什么时候去的公园)Iwenttotheparklastweek.(我是上周去的公园)在上面的句子中第一句属于be动词的一般过去时态;第二句和第三句属于实义动词的一般过去时态1.Be动词的一般过去时态在没有实义动词的句子中使用be动词,amis的过去式为was;are的过去式为were.构成肯定句主语+waswere+宾语如Iwaslateyesterday.(昨天我迟到了)否定句主语+waswere+not+宾语如Wewerentlateyesterday.我们昨天没迟到疑问句WasWere+主语+宾语如Wereyouillyesterday(你昨天病了吗?)肯定回答YesIwas.是的,我病了否定句NoIwasnt.不,我没病特殊疑问句特殊疑问词+waswere+主语+宾语如Whenwereyouborn你是什么时候出生的?2.实义动词的一般过去时态肯定句要使用动词的过去式,否定句和疑问句要使用助动词do和does的过去式did.肯定句为主语+动词过去式+宾语如Iwenthomeatnineoclockyesterday.(我昨天九点钟回的家)否定句主语+didnt+动词原形+宾语如Ididntgohomeyesterday.我昨天没回家疑问句Did+主语+动词原形+宾语如Didyougohomeyesterday你昨天回家了吗?肯定回答YesIdid.是的,我回了否定回答NoIdidnt.不,我没回家动词过去式的构成规则动词的过去式变化如下规则动词的过去式变化如下
1、一般情况下,动词词尾加-ed,如work---workedplay---playedwanted----wantedact----acted
2、以不发音的-e结尾动词,动词词尾加-d,如live---livedmove----movedtaste---tastedhope---hoped
3、以辅音字母+y结尾的动词,把-y变为-i再加-ed,如study---stu___dcopy---copiedcry---criedcarry---carried
4、以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词,双写词尾辅音字母,再加-ed,如stop---stopped
5、不规则动词的过去式变化规律性不强,须多加记忆go–went__ke–__deget–gotbuy-boughtcome-camefly-flew不规则动词的过去式的构成1.把动词原形中的i改为a,变成过去式如begin—began,drink—drank,give—g__e,ring—rang,sing—sang,sit—sat,swim—swam2.把重读开音节中的i改为o,变成过去式如drive—drove,ride—rode,write—wrote3.改动词原形中的aw/ow为ew,变成过去式如draw—drew,grow—grew,know—knew,throw—threw(动词show除外,show—showed)4.动词原形中的e改为o,变成过去式如get—got,forget—forgot5.动词原形中的ee改为e,变成过去式如feed—fed,meet—met6.动词原形中的eep改为ept,变成过去式如keep—kept,sleep—slept,sweep—swept7.动词原形中的eak改为oke,变成过去式如break—broke,speak—spoke8.动词原形中的ell改为old,变成过去式如sell—sold,____—told9.动词原形中的an改为oo,变成过去式如stand—stood,understand—understood10.以ought和aught结尾,且读音是〔:t〕的过去式如bring—brought,buy—bought,think—thought,catch—caught,teach—taught11.以ould结尾且读音为〔ud〕的情态动词过去式如can—could,shall—should,will—would12.把动词原形中的o改为a,变成过去式如come—came,become—became13.在动词原形后加d或t变成过去式,并且发生音变如hear〔hi〕—heard〔h:d〕,say〔sei〕—said〔sed〕,mean〔mi:n〕—meant〔ment〕14.动词的过去式与动词原形一样如let—let,must—must,put—put,read—read〔red〕15.不符合上述规律的动词过去式如am,is—was,are—were,build—built,do—did,eat—ate,fall—fell,feel—felt,find—found,fly—flew,go—went,h__e/has—had,hold—held,le__e—left,__ke—__de,__y—might,run—ran,see—saw,take—took过去式“-ed”的发音规则
(1)动词词尾为“t,d”时,发/id/音,want→wanted(要)need→needed(需要)
(2)动词词尾为清辅音时,发/t/音help→helped(帮助)laugh→laughed(笑)look→looked(看)kiss→kissed(吻)wash→washed(洗)watch→watched(注视)
(3)动词词尾为t,d以外之浊辅音或元音时,发/d/音call→called(叫)stay→stayed(停留)cry→cried(哭)练习
1.Theteacher____theblackboardyestetday.Heusedacomputer.a.usednotb.didntusec.doesnotuse
2.___you___inthelibrarythismorninga.DOstu___db.Didstu___dc.Didstudy
3.Thestudents___toh__ea_____.Theydiditlastweek.a.planedb.plannedc.plan
4.Lily___tothebeachwithprof.Green.Theyhadaswimthere.a.goedb.goesc.went
5.Prof.Green___sickyesterdayHe___afever.Newhestillfeelsweak.a.ishasb.wash__ec.washad
6.___theteacher___atthiscollegelastyearYeshedid.a.Didtaughtb.doesteachc.Didteach
7.We___inthesea.Thewaterwastoocold.a.swamnotb.didntswimc.didntswam
8.___there__nytreesonthecampusNobutnowweh__e__nyeverywhere.a.Wereb.Hadc.Didh__e
9.IlikeEnglishfoodnow.ButI___itverymuch.a.didntlikedb.didntlikec.dontlike
10.Didyou___thepicnicyesterdayYeswe__itverymuch.a.enjoyenjoyb.enjoyedenjpyedc.enjoyenjoyed
三、一般将来时
1、概念表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事句中一般有以下时间状语tomorrownextdayweekmonthyear…soonthedayaftertomorrow(后天)等
2、基本结构
①begoingto+do;
②will+do.
3、否定句在be动词(amisare)后加not或will后加not成won’t例如I’mgoingtoh__eapicnicthisafternoon.→I’mnotgoingtoh__eapicnicthisafternoon.
4、一般疑问句be或will提到句首,some改为anyand改为or,第一二人称互换例如Wearegoingtogoonanoutingthisweekend.→Areyougoingtogoonanoutingthisweekend
5、对划线部分提问一般情况,一般将来时的对划线部分有三种情况
1.问人Who例如I’mgoingtoNewYorksoon.→Who’sgoingtoNewYorksoon.
2.问干什么What…do.例如Myfatherisgoingtowatchara__withmethisafternoon.→Whatisyourfathergoingtodowithyouthisafternoon.
3.问什么时候When.例如She’sgoingtogotobedatnine.→Whenisshegoingtobed
6、同义句begoingto=willIamgoingtogoswimmingtomorrow(明天).=Iwillgoswimmingtomorrow.
7、begoingto和will的区别 begoingto和will的用法虽然都表示将来发生动作或情况,但它们的用法是有区别的现本人就牛津小学英语课本归纳、浅析如下
(1)begoingto主要用于
1、表示事先经过考虑、安排好打算要做的事情E.g.Whatareyougoingtodotoday今天你们打算做什么?DadandIaregoingtoseeaBeijingoperathisafternoon.今天下午我和爸爸打算去看京剧 I’mgoingtoplaytheviolin.我打算拉小提琴She’sgoingtoplaythepiano.她打算弹钢琴
2、表示根据目前某种迹象判断,某事非常有可能发生E.g.Look!Therecomethedarkclouds.Itisgoingtorain.瞧!乌云密集,天要下雨IamafraidIamgoingtoh__eacold.恐怕我要患重感冒2will主要用于在以下几个方面
1、表示单纯的未来“将要”通用各个人称eg:Theywillgotovisitthefactorytomorrow.明天他们将去工厂参观I’llcomewithWangBingLiuTaoandYangLing.我将和王兵、刘涛、杨玲一起来
2、表示不以人的意志为转移的自然发展的未来的事eg:TodayisSaturday. TomorrowwillbeSunday.今天是星期六明天是(将)是星期日Hewillbethirtyyearsoldthistimenextyear.明年这个时候他就(将)三十岁
3、问对方是否愿意做某事或表示客气地邀请或命令eg:Willyoupleaseturnontheradio 请打开收音机好吗?Willyougotothezoowithme 你和我一起去动物园好吗?练习题一选择
1.Mother________meani__presentonmynextbirthday.A.willgivesB.willgive C.gives D.give
2.He________herabeautifulhatonhernextbirthday.A.givesB.g__eC.willgiveD.isgoing giving
3.He________inthreedays.A.comingbackB.camebackC.willcomebackD.isgoingtocomingback
4.Who________________swimmingwithustomorrowafternoonA.will;goB.do;go C.will;going D.shall;goes
5.Thedayaftertomorrowthey________avolleyball__tch.A.willwatch B.watchesC.iswatching D.towatch
6.They________anEnglisheveningnextSunday.A.areh__ingB.aregoingtoh__e C.willh__ing D.isgoingtoh__e
7.________you________freenextSundayA.Will;are B.Will;beC.Do;be D.Are;be
8.He________thereattentomorrowmorning.A.will B.is C.willbe D.be
9.I_________ateacherinthefuture.A.willbeB.isbeC.isbeingD.willis
10.They_________totheparknextSunday.A.willgoesB.willgoC.isgoingD.willgo
11.Myfamily_________tochurchnextweekend.A.willgo B.goesC.willgoingD.isgoing
12.Mymotherwill____meapenciltonight.A.givesB.givingC.give
13.He______playfootballtomorrow.A.will B.isC.be
14.Mygrandpaandgrand__________toseeusintwodays.A.willcomingB.willcomeC.iscomingD.arecoming
15.She_______TVthisevening.A.willswatchB.willwatchingC.iswatchingD.willwatch
16.Mygrandpa_________athomethedayaftertomorrow.A.willstayB.willsstayC.willstaysD.isstaying
17.Momwill_____backsoon.A.comesB.comingC.comesD.come
18.---Let’sgoouttoplayfootballshallwe---OK.I_______.A..willcomingB.begoingtocomeC.comeD.amcoming19----Whereismywatch.---I_________itforyou.A.getB.amgeetingC.togetD.willget。