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句子成分精讲句子成分主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语等主要成分主语和谓语
1、主语一个句子中需要加以说明或描述的对象主语的位置一般位于句首,由名词、代词、数词或相当于名词的词、短语等充当Theschoolisfarfromhere.名词做主语Shegoestoschoolbybike.代词做主语Eightisaluckynumber.数词做主语Theblindneedmorehelp.名词化的形容词做主语Thereisapenonthedesk.名词做主语Predictingthefutureisinteresting.动名词做主语Tobeadoctorismydream.不定式短语做主语
2、谓语表示人或事物主语的动作和存在的状态.英语中由动词be、动词h__e和行为动词来充当谓语动词句子的时态和语态是通过谓语表现出来谓语动词往往由一个或一个以上的助动词或情态动词加上主要动词构成分析句子的主语和谓语Mr.LiteachesEnglish.Hecanplaythepiano.MyparentsandIareh__ingdinner.
3、表语用来说明主语的身份、特征、性质、状态表语的位置用在动词be和系动词的后面名词、代词、数词、介词短语、副词等都可以和连系动词一起构成复合谓语Yourpenisonthedesk.Hegotveryangry.Mydreamistoh__earobot.常见的系动词
1.be动词
2.与感觉有关的动词looksound__elltastefeel等
3.表示状态变化的动词,意为“变得”“变成”如getgrowturn等上述两类词作连系动词时要用形容词作表语千万不能用副词
4、宾语是动作的对象或承受者及物动词必须跟宾语.及物动词:直接接宾语的谓语动词.不及物动词:不能直接带宾语的谓语动词.宾语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、从句构成.Isawaplaneintheskyjustnow.名词做宾语Iwantthree.数词做宾语Ilikegoingshopping.动名词做宾语Wethinkpredictingthefutureishard.宾语从句
5、宾语补足语(宾补)有些及物动词除了要有一个宾语之外还须加上一个补足语如果没有补足语宾补有时候句子的意思就不完整充当宾补的有:
1.形容词作宾语补足语Thesunkeepsuswarm.
2.介词短语作宾语补足语:Ifoundherintheroom.
3.副词作宾语补足语Pleaselethimin.
4.名词作宾语补足语We__dehimmonitoroftheclass.
5.动词不定式和分词也能用作宾语补足语Iaskedhimtocome.
6、定语定语修饰名词或代词即在汉语里的……的
1.形容词作定语一般放在被修饰语之前修饰不定代词时放在后面Theyh__eacleverson.Ih__esomethingimportantto____you.
2.名词作定语:Isitacolorfilm名词作定语一般用单数形式如: schoolbus ticketoffi__paperflowers但也有例外如:sportsmeetingclothesshop__n和wo__n修饰的名词如果是复数它们总以复数的形式作定语如:mendriverswomendoctors
3.代词作定语:Thissongisbetterthanthatone.
4.数词作定语:Thereareonlythirtystudentsinourclass.带有数字的复合形容词.当复合形容词用连字号连接时其中的名词要用单数形式.atwo-dayholidayathree-year-oldboy
5.副词作定语放在被修饰词之后:Doyouknowtheyoung__noverthere
6.介词短语作定语放在被修饰词之后:Thestudentsinourclasslikeswimming.
7、状语修饰动词形容词或副词有的修饰全句用以说明地点时间方式程度原因目的结果条件让步等.
1.副词作状语:Theold__niswalkingslowly.表方式Theboyisveryclever.表程度
2.介词短语作状语:Ih__elivedinShanghaiforfiveyears.表时间
3.不定式作状语Icomeheretoseeyou.表目的
4.现在分词作状语Theteachercameinholdingabookinhishand.表方式
5.状语从句We’llgoshoppingifitdoesn’traintomorrow.状语的位置
1.在一般情况下用于句末Welikeourschoolverymuch.
2.为了强调状语可以把它放在句首.IusuallygetupatsixbutthismorningIgotupateight.
3.表频度的副词通常用于句中如alwaysusuallyoftenhardlynever用于行为动词前be动词、助动词和情态动词后Iusuallygetupearly.Heisoftenlate.一些副词如alreadyon__justsoonyetstillnearlyalmostreallysuddenly__rtainly等用法相似sometimesnow可以位于句首句中或句末only在句中的位置比较灵活但位置不同意义也不同.Theactoronlysangasong.Onlytheactorsangasong.Theactorsangonlyonesong.两个或多个状语同时修饰时的顺序
1.地点状语在前时间状语在后.Wewillh__eameetinginRoom202tomorrow.
2.较小单位的状语在前由小到大Mr.Lilivesat88ChongwenRd.SuzhouJiangsu.
3.一个句子有几个不同种类的副词作状语其顺序大都是:程度副词方式副词地点副词时间副词Shesangverywellatthemeetinglastnight.时间和地点状语也可以位于句首表示强调或使上下文更为连贯UsuallyIreadthenewspapersinthemorningbutyesterdayIreadthemintheevening.动词-ed形式作定语,表语,宾语补足语和状语
一、动词-ed形式作定语过去分词作定语往往与被修饰的词靠得很紧渐渐地成为一个复合词这种分词叫分词形容词theParticipleAdjective实际上相当于一个单纯的形容词除表示“完成”的动作之外还表示“被动”的意义如spokenEnglish英语口语;i__dbeer冰冻啤酒;cookedfood熟食;friedchips炸土豆条;但要注意不及物动词的过去分词常表示“完成”的动作而不表示“被动”意义如:boiledwater开水;fallenle__es落叶;therisensun升起的太阳等1前置定语单个的动词-ed形式一般放在被修饰的名词的前面作前置定语Theexcitedpeoplerushedintobuilding.激动的人们冲进大楼=thepeoplewhowereexcitedLosttimecanneverbefoundagain.虚度的时光无法挽回=timewhichislost2后置定语
①少数单个动词的-ed形式如left等只能作后置定语
1.Everythingusedshouldbe__rked.所有用过的东西应该做好标记
2.Amongtheinvitedweresomela___s.被邀请的人中有些是女士
3.Thebooksleftareformystudents.剩下的书是给我的学生的
②动词-ed形式短语作定语时通常要放在被修饰的名词的后面在意思上相当于一个定语从句及物动词的过去分词作定语用来表示被动可改为带被动语态的定语从句;不及物动词的过去分词仅限于单个过去分词且不能后置则表示完成可改为带有完成时态的定语从句
1.Isthereanythingplannedfortonight今晚有什么活动吗=thathasbeenplannedfortonight
2.Themeetingattendedbyalotofpeoplewasasuc__ss.这次会议有很多人出席开得很成功=whichwasattendedbyalotofpeople
3.Wedranksomeboiledwater=whichhadboiledandwentonwithourwork.我们喝了一些开水后就继续工作注意:这里的过去分词的逻辑主语应是被修饰的词改为定语从句时关系代词应与之一致
二、动词-ed形式作表语过去分词作表语并无“完成”或“被动”之意,而是表示主语的状态或思想感情等如Helookedworriedafterreadingtheletter.看完信后他显得很忧虑Whenweheardofitweweredeeplymoved.当我们听到这件事时被深深地感动了Heseemedquitedelightedattheidea.听到这个想法他似乎很高兴常见的作表语的过去分词有:amused愉快的;broken碎了的;closed关闭的;astonished吃惊的;crowded拥挤的;experien__d有经验的;delighted高兴的;lost丢失的;gone遗失的;disappointed失望的;worried担忧的;interested感兴趣的tired疲劳的pleased高兴的;satisfied满意的;surprised吃惊的;__rried已婚的;known著名的等等
三、动词-ed形式作宾语补足语能用作宾语补足语的过去分词一般都是及物动词表示被动意义或已完成意义有时候两者兼而有之作宾语补足语的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系即宾语是过去分词动作的对象Shefoundthedoorbrokeninwhenshecameback.她回来时发现有人破门而人Mygrandfatherhadhisoldhouserebuilt.我爷爷找人重修了一下他的旧房子少数不及物动词的过去分词用作宾补时强调动作完成后的状态.Theyfoundalltheguestsgonewhentheywokeup.当他们醒来时发现所有的客人都走了动词-ed形式作宾语补足语的基本用法动词的-ed形式可以在“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”句型中充当宾语补足语在这一结构中动词-ed形式和它前面的宾语构成逻辑上的被动关系如果这种句子改为被动语态原来的宾语补足语变成了主语补足语
1.Imustgetmybikerepaired.我必须请人修理自行车宾语补足语
2.Thegirlwasfoundbeatenblackandblue.人们发现那女孩被打得青一块紫一块主语补足语1动词-ed形式可作表示感觉和心理状态的动词的宾语补足语这类动词包括seehearwatchnoti__feelfindthinksupposeconsider等Wethoughtthegamelost.我们认为球赛输了Ih__eneverheardhimspokenillofothers.我从未听过有人说他的坏话Theyconsideredthe__ttersettled.他们认为这问题解决了2动词-ed形式可作使役动词的宾语补足语这类动词包括__kegeth__ekeeple__ehold等Ih__emyhaircuton__amonth.我每个月理一次发Hewastryingto__kehimselfunderstood.他正努力使别人听懂自己“h__e+宾语+done”结构有三个含义
①请人把某事做完Shehadherhouserepaired.她请人把屋子修好了Wheredidyouh__eyourhaircut你在哪儿理的发
②遭遇某种意外情况Hehadhishatblownawayonhiswayhome.在回家的路上他的帽子被吹掉了Shehadherwalletstolenyesterday.昨天她的钱包被偷了
③完成某事自己也可能参与Ih__ehadallmyspellingmistakescorrected.我把所有的拼写错误都改正了Hehashadonethousandyuans__edthisyear.他今年已存了1000元3动词-ed形式可作表示希望、要求、命令等动词的宾语补足语,这类动词包括like,wantwishexpectorder等”这一类动词的后面作宾语补足语Hewon’tlikesuchquestionsdiscussedatthemeeting.他不喜欢在会议上讨论这样的问题ThestudentswishtheTVserialplayscontinued.学生们希望电视连续剧继续播下去4过去分词用在“with+宾语+宾补”这一结构中过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系Thethiefwasbroughtinwithhishandstiedbehindhisback.小偷被带进来了双手被反绑在后面四,过去分词作状语
1.过去分词作状语表示被动或完成,但有些过去分词(短语)因来源于系表结构,作状语时不表动作而表状态这样的过去分词(短语)常见的有:lost迷路;seated坐;absorbedin全神贯注于;dressedin穿着;tiredof厌烦等如Absorbedindeepthoughthedidn’thearthesound.因为沉浸在思考之中所以他没听到那个声音
2.过去分词作状语来源于状语从句,在句中一般能作五种状语,即时间、原因、条件、让步和方式状语如Caughtinahe__yrainhewasallwet.因为淋了一场大雨,所以他全身湿透了Caughtinahe__yrain相当于原因状语从句Becausehewascaughtinahe__yrainGrowninrichsoiltheseseedscangrowfast.如果种在肥沃的土壤里,这些种子能长得很快Growninrichsoil相当于条件状语从句Iftheseseedsaregrowninrichsoil注意
①当从句的主语与主句的主语一致时,才可以把从句的主语省略,且省略掉的主语与其逻辑谓语是被动关系或如第一段中所讲的表示状态
②把状语从句改为过去分词作状语时有时还可保留连词,构成“连词+过去分词”结构作状语,即“whilewhenon__untilifthough等连词+过去分词”结构如Whengivenamedicalexaminationyoushouldkeepcalm.当你做体格检查时要保持镇定Thoughbeatenbytheoppositeteamtheplayersdidn’tloseheart.尽管这些球员被对方球队打败了,但他们并没有灰心[练一练]I.用所给词的适当形式填空,并与A-D的汉语翻译相匹配impress;pour;speak
1.On________awordbecomesapromise.
2.On________watercannotbetakenbackagain.
3.______bythebeautifuls__neryIforgottogobackhomeintime.A.覆水难收B.流连忘返C.一言既出,驷马难追II.用所给词的适当形式填空
1.______seefromthetopofthehillthecitylooksbeautifultous.
2.______givetimehe’ll__keafirstclasstennisplayer.
3.______lookoutofthewindowIfound__nychildrenplayingontheplayground.III.将下列句子翻译成英语
1.由于被妈妈所说的话所感动,我忍不住哭了起来
2.如果给我们一个机会,我们将给大家一个非常好的表演
3.当问到他出生在哪里时,约翰说他是纽约人Key:I.
1.spoken;C
2.poured;A
3.Impressed;BII.
1.Seen
2.Given
3.LookingIII.
1.MovedbywhatmymothersaidIcouldn’thelpcrying.
2.Givenachan__wecouldgiveagoodperfor__n__.
3.WhenaskedwherehewasbornJohnsaidhewasaNewYorker划分句子成分练习题
(1)
1.Theyareworkingonthefarmnow.
2.Seeingisbelieving
3.AllofuslikeKobeBryantverymuch
4.Shebecameadoctorin
19985.Thebooklyingontheflooraremine
6.Suddenlyitbeginstorain
7.TocatchthetrainIgotupearlyyesterday
8.Ialwaysfindherhappy
9.HewondersIfIstillstudyEnglish
10.TheletterwhichIre__ivedthedaybeforeyesterdaywasafriendofmine
11.WealwaysworkhardatEnglish.
12.Hesaidhedidntcome.
13.Theyloveeachother.
14.Whatdidyoubye
15.Shewatchedherdaughterplayingthepiano.
16.yourjobtodayistohelptheold.
17.Speakingdoesntmeandoing.
18.ByethetimeIgottothestationthetrainhadleft.
19.Thechildrenboughttheirparentsacarforthe25thanniversaryoftheir__rriage.
20.Ittakesmeanhourtogetthere.答案1They主语)areworking(系表结构做谓语)onthefarm(地点状语)now(时间状语).
2.Seeing(动词ing做主语)is(谓语)believing(宾语)
3.Allofus(主语)like(谓语)KobeBryant(宾语)verymuch(程度副词状语)
4.She(主语)became(谓语)adoctor(宾语)in1998(时间状语)
5.Thebook(主语)lyingonthefloor(补语)are(谓语)mine(宾语)
6.Suddenly(状语)it(形式主语)begantorain(谓语)
7.Tocatchthetrain(目的状语)I(主语)gotup(谓语)earlyyesterday(时间状语)
8.I(主语)alwaysfind(谓语)her(宾语)happy(状语)
9.He(主语)wonders(谓语)ifI(条件句中的主语)stillstudy(条件句中的谓语)English(条件句中的宾语)整个条件句做主干的宾语
10.Theletter(主语)whichIre__ivedthedaybeforeyesterday(定语从句)was(谓语)afriendofmine(宾语)
1.WealwaysworkhardatEnglish——————————————主语状语谓语状语状语
2.Hesaidhedidntcome.———————————————主句主语主句谓语从句主语从句谓语
3.Theyloveeachother.——————————主谓语宾语
4.Whatdidyoubye————————宾助动词主谓
5.Shewatchedherdaughterplayingthepiano.—————————————————————主谓宾宾语补足语
6.yourjobtodayistohelptheold.——————-——————————主定语系动词表语
7.Speakingdoesntmeandoing.————————————主谓宾
8.ByethetimeIgottothestationthetrainhadleft.—————————————————————————时间状语从句主句主语主句谓语
9.Thechildrenboughttheirparentsacarforthe25thanniversaryof———————————————————————————————主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语状语their__rriage.————————
10.Ittakesmeanhourtogetthere.————————————————形式主语谓语宾语真正主语(一.指出下列句中主语的中心词划分句子成分练习题2
①Theteacherwithtwoofhisstudentsiswalkingintotheclassroom.
②Thereisanold__ncominghere.
③Theusefuldictionarywasgivenbymymotherlastyear.
④Todotodayshomeworkwithouttheteachershelpisverydifficult.二.选出句中谓语的中心词
①Idontlikethepictureonthewall.A.dontB.likeC.pictureD.wall
②Thedaysgetlongerandlongerwhensummercomes.A.getB.longerC.daysD.summer
③DoyouusuallygotoschoolbybusA.DoB.usuallyC.goD.bus
④Therewillbeameetingatthelibrarythisafternoon.A.willbeB.meetingC.thelibraryD.afternoon
⑤Didthetwinsh__eporridgefortheirbreakfastA.DidB.twinsC.h__eD.breakfast
⑥Tomdidntdohishomeworkyesterday.A.TomB.didntC.doD.hishomework
⑦WhatIwantto____youisthis.A.wantB.to____C.youD.is
⑧Wehadbettersendforadoctor.A.WeB.hadC.sendD.doctor
⑨Heisinterestedinmusic.A.isB.interestedC.inD.music⑩WhomdidyougivemybooktoA.giveB.didC.whomD.book三挑出下列句中的宾语
① Mybrother hasnt done hishomework. ABCD
② People all over theworld speak English. ABCD
③Youmustpay good attention to your pronunciation. ABCD
④How__nynew words did you learn lastclass ABCD
⑤Someofthe students intheschoolwant togoswimming how about you ABCD
⑥The old__n sitting atthegate said hewasill. ABCD
⑦ They __de him monitor oftheclass. ABCD
⑧Go across the bridge andyou willfind themuseum ontheleft. ABCD
⑨Youwillfind it useful after you le__e school. ABCD⑩ They didntknow who Father Christ__sreallyis. ABCD四挑出下列句中的表语
① Theold__n was feeling very tired. ABCD
②Whyis he worried about Jim ABCD
③ The le__es h__e turned yellow. ABCD
④Soon They all becameinterested inthesu__ect. ABCD
⑤She was thefirst tolearn aboutit. ABCD五挑出下列句中的定语
① They use Mr.Mrs.withthe family name. ABCD
② What is your given name ABCD
③Onthe third lap are Class1andClass
3. ABCD
④Iam afraid some people forgot tosweep thefloor. ABCD
⑤ The__n downstairs was trying tosleep. ABCD
⑥ I amwaiting for thesound oftheothershoe! ABCD(六挑出下列句中的宾语补足语
①She likes thechildren toreadnewspapersandbooks inthe reading-room.ABCD
②He asked her totaketheboy outofschool. ABCD
③She found it difficult todothework. ABCD
④They call me Lily sometimes. ABCD
⑤ I saw Mr.Wang getonthebus. ABCD
⑥Didyousee LiMing playingfootball ontheplayground justnow ABCD七挑出下列句中的状语
① There was abig__ile onherfa__. ABCD
② Everynight he heard thenoise upstairs. ABCD
③He began tolearn English whenhewaseleven. ABCD
④ The__n onthemotorbike wastr__elling tofast. ABCD
⑤ Withthemedicineboxunderherarm Miss Li hurriedoff. ABCD
⑥ She loves thelibrary becauseshelovesbooks. ABCD
⑦ I am afraid that ifyouvelostit youmustpayforit. ABCD
⑧ Thestudents followed UncleWang toseetheother__chine. ABCD八划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语
①Please____usastory.
②Myfatherboughtanewbikeformelastweek.
③Mr.Liisgoingtoteachushistorynextterm.
④Hereisapen.GiveittoTom.
⑤Didhele__eanymessageforme答案 一
①teacher
②__n
③dictionary
④Todo二
①B
②A
③C
④A
⑤C
⑥C
⑦D
⑧C
⑨A⑩A 三
①D
②D
③B
④A
⑤B
⑥D
⑦C
⑧D
⑨A⑩D四
①D
②B
③D
④C
⑤B五
①C
②C
③A
④B
⑤B
⑥D六
①C
②C
③C
④C
⑤D
⑥B七
①D
②A
③D
④D
⑤A
⑥D
⑦C
⑧D八
①us间接宾语astory直接宾语
②me间接宾语anewbike直接宾语
③us间接宾语history直接宾语
④Tom间接宾语it直接宾语
⑤me间接宾语message直接宾语。