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中学英语语法网络图一.名词I.名词的种类专有名词普通名词国名.地名.人名,团体.机构名称可数名词不可数名词个体名词__名词抽象名词物质名词II.名词的数
1.规则名词的复数形式名词的复数形式,一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es现将构成方法与读音规则列表如下规则例词1一般情况在词尾加-s__p-__pssea-seasgirl-girlsday-days2以sxchsh结尾的名词后加-esclass-classesbox-boxeswatch-watchesdish-dishes3以-f或-fe结尾的词变-f和-fe为v再加-esleaf-le__esthief-thievesknife-knivesloaf-lo__eswife-wives加-sbelief-beliefschief-chiefsproof-proofsroof-roofsgulf-gulfs4以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加-es_____-partiesfamily-familiesstory-storiescity-cities5以元音字母加y结尾的名词,或专有名词以y结尾的,加-stoy-toysboy-boysday-daysray-raysHenry-Henrys6以辅音字母加-o结尾的名词一般加-eshero-heroesNegro-Negroespotato-potatoesto__to-to__toes不少外来词加-spiano-pianosphoto-photosauto-autoskilo-kilossolo-solos两者皆可zero-zeros/zeroesvolcano-volcanoes/volcanos7以元音字母加-o结尾的名词加-sradio-radiosbamboo-bambooszoo-zoos8以-th结尾的名词加-struth-truthsmouth-mouthsmonth-monthspath-paths
2.不规则名词复数英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的,现归纳如下规则例词1改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式__n-menwo__n-womenfoot-feetgoose-geesemouse-mi__2单复数相同sheepdeerseriesmeansworksfishspeciesliyuan___3只有复数形式ashestrousersclothesthanksgoodsglassescompassescontents4一些__名词总是用作复数peoplepoli__cattlestaff5部分__名词既可以作单数(整体)也可以作复数(成员)au___n__classfamilycrowdcouplegroupcommitteegover__entpopulationcrewteampublicenemy_____6复数形式表示特别含义customs海关for__s军队times时代spirits情绪drinks饮料sands沙滩papers文件报纸__nners礼貌looks外表brains头脑智力greens青菜ruins废墟7表示“某国人”加-sAmericansAustraliansGer__nsGreeksSwedesEuropeans单复数同形SwissPortugueseChineseJapanese以-__n或-wo__n结尾的改为-men-womenEnglishmenFrenchwomen8合成名词将主体名词变为复数sons-in-lawlookers-onpassers-bystory-____ersboyfriends无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数grown-upshousewivesstopwatches将两部分变为复数womensingersmenservantsIII.名词的所有格名词在句中表示所有关系的语法形式叫做名词所有格所有格分两种一是名词词尾加’s构成,二是由介词of加名词构成前者多表示有生命的东西,后者多表示无生命的东西
1.’s所有格的构成单数名词在末尾加’stheboy’sfatherJack’sbookherson-in-law’sphoto复数名词一般在末尾加’theteachers’roomthetwins’mother不规则复数名词后加’sthechildren’stoyswomen’srights以s结尾的人名所有格加’s或者’____ens’novelsCharles’sjobthe__iths’house表示各自的所有关系时各名词末尾均须加’sJapan’sandAmerica’sproblemsJane’sand__ry’sbikes表示共有的所有关系时在最后一词末加’sJapanandAmerica’sproblemsJaneand__ry’sfather表示"某人家""店铺",所有格后名词省略thedoctor’sthebarber’sthetailor’smyuncle’s
2.’s所有格的用法1表示时间today’snewspaperfiveweeks’holiday2表示自然现象theearth’satmospherethetree’sbranches3表示国家城市等地方的名词thecountry’splantheworld’spopulationChina’sindustry4表示工作群体theship’screw__jority’sviewtheteam’svictory5表示度量衡及价值amile’sjourneyfivedollars’worthofapples6与人类活动有特殊关系的名词thelife’stimetheplay’splot7某些固定词组abird’seyeviewastone’sthrowatone’swit’send不知所措
3.of所有格的用法用于无生命的东西thelegsofthechairthecoverofthebook用于有生命的东西,尤其是有较长定语时theclassroomsofthefirst-yearstudents用于名词化的词thestruggleoftheoppressed 二.冠词冠词分为不定冠词(aan),定冠词(the),和零冠词I.不定冠词的用法1指一类人或事,相当于akindofAplaneisa__chinethatcanfly.2第一次提及某人某物,非特指Aboyiswaitingforyou.3表示“每一”相当于every,oneWestudyeighthoursaday.4表示“相同”相当于thesameWearenearlyofanage.5用于人名前,表示不认识此人或与某名人有类似性质的人或事AMr.__ithcametovisityouwhenyouwereoutThatboyisratheraLeiFeng.6用于固定词组中Acoupleofabiton__uponatimeinahurryh__eawalk__nyatime7用于quiterather__nyhalfwhatsuch之后Thisroomisratherabigone.8用于soastoohow+形容词之后Sheisascleveragirlasyoucanwishtomeet.II.定冠词的用法1表示某一类人或物Thehorseisausefulani__l.2用于世上独一无二的事物名词前theuniversethemoonthePacificO__an3表示说话双方都了解的或上文提到过的人或事Wouldyoumindopeningthedoor4用于乐器前面playtheviolinplaytheguitar5用于形容词和分词前表示一类人thereachthelivingthewounded6表示“一家人”或“夫妇”theGreenstheWangs7用于序数词和形容词副词比较级最高级前Heisthetallerofthetwochildren.8用于国家党派等以及江河湖海,山川群岛的名词前theUnitedStatestheCommunist_____ofChinatheFrench9用于表示发明物的单数名词前ThecompasswasinventedinChina.10在逢十的复数数词之前,指世纪的某个年代inthe1990’s11用于表示单位的名词前Ihiredthecarbythehour.12用于方位名词,身体部位名词,及表示时间的词组前Hepattedmeontheshoulder.III.零冠词的用法1专有名词,物质名词,抽象名词,人名地名等名词前Bei___gUniversityJackChinaloveair2名词前有thismywhosesomenoeachevery等限制Iwantthisbooknotthatone./Whosepurseisthis3季节,月份,星期,节假日,一日三餐前__rchSundayNationalDayspring4表示职位,身份,头衔的名词前Lincolnwas__dePresidentofAmerica.5学科,语言,球类,棋类名词前Helikesplayingfootball/chess.6与by连用表示交通工具的名词前bytrainbyairbyland7以and连接的两个相对的名词并用时hu__andandwifeknifeandforkdayandnight8表示泛指的复数名词前Horsesareusefulani__ls.三.代词I.代词可以分为以下七大类1人称代词主格Iyouhesheitweyouthey宾格meyouhimheritusyouthem2物主代词形容词性myyourhisheritsourtheir名词性mineyourshishersitsourstheirs3反身代词myselfyourselfhimselfherselfitselfourselvesyourselvesthemselves4指示代词thisthatthesethosesuchsome5疑问代词whowhomwhosewhichwhatwhoeverwhicheverwhatever6关系代词thatwhichwhowhomwhoseas7不定代词one/some/anyeach/everynone/no__ny/muchfew/little/afew/alittleother/anotherall/bothneither/eitherII.不定代词用法注意点
1.onesome与any:1one可以泛指任何人,也可特指,复数为onessome多用于肯定句,any多用于疑问句和否定句Oneshouldlearntothinkofothers.H__eyouanybook__rksNoIdon’th__eanybook__rks.Ih__esomequestionstoask.2some可用于疑问句中,表示盼望得到肯定的答复,或者表示建议,请求等WouldyoulikesomebananasCouldyougivemesomemoney3some和any修饰可数名词单数时,some表示某个,any表示任何一个Ih__ereadthisarticleinsome__gazine.Pleasecorrectthemistakesifany.4some和数词连用表示“大约”,any可与比较级连用表示程度Therearesome3000studentsinthisschool.Doyoufeelanybettertoday
2.each和every:each强调个别,代表的数可以是两个或两个以上,而every强调整体,所指的数必须是三个或三个以上Eachstudenthasapocketdictionary./Eachofushasadictionary./Weeachh__eadictionary.Everystudenthasstrongandweakpoints./Everyoneofushasstrongandweakpoints.
3.none和no no等于notany,作定语none作主语或宾语,代替不可数名词,谓语用单数,代替可数名词,谓语单复数皆可以Thereisnowaterinthebottle.HowmuchwateristhereinthebottleNone.Noneofthestudentsareisafraidofdifficulties.
4.other和another:1other泛指“另外的,别的”常与其他词连用,如theotherdayeveryotherweeksomeotherreasonnootherwaytheother特指两者中的另外一个,复数为theothers如Heheldabookinonehandandhisnotesintheother.Twostudentsinourclassfailedbutalltheotherspassedtheexam.2another指“又一个,另一个”无所指,复数形式是others,泛指“别的人或事”如Idon’tlikethisshirtpleaseshowmeanotherone.Thetrousersaretoolongpleasegivemeanotherpair/someothers.Somelikefootballwhileotherslikebasketball.
5.all和bothneither和eitherall表示不可数名词时,其谓语动词用单数both和all加否定词表示部分否定,全部否定用neither和none.AllofthebooksarenotwritteninEnglish./NotallofthebooksarewritteninEnglish.Bothofusarenotteachers./Notbothofusareteachers./Eitherofusisateacher.四.形容词和副词I.形容词
1.形容词的位置1形容词作定语通常前置,但在下列情况后置1修饰someanyeveryno和bodythingone等构成的复合不定代词时nobodyabsenteverythingpossible2以-able-ible结尾的形容词可置于有最高级或only修饰的名词之后thebestbook__ailabletheonlysolutionpossible3alivealikeawakeawareasleep等可以后置theonlypersonawake4和空间、时间、单位连用时abridge50meterslong5成对的形容词可以后置ahugeroom______andbeautiful6形容词短语一般后置a__ndifficulttogetonwith2多个形容词修饰同一个名词的顺序代词数词性状形容词冠词前的形容词冠词指示代词不定代词代词所有格序数词基数词性质状态大小长短形状新旧温度颜色国籍产地材料质地名词allbothsuchtheathisanotheryoursecondnextonefourbeautifulgoodpoorlargeshortsquarenewcoolblackyellowChineseLondonsilkstone3复合形容词的构成1形容词+名词+edkind-hearted6名词+形容词world-famous2形容词+形容词dark-blue7名词+现在分词pea__-loving3形容词+现在分词ordinary-looking8名词+过去分词snow-covered4副词+现在分词hard-working9数词+名词+edthree-egged5副词+过去分词newly-built10数词+名词twenty-yearII.副词副词的分类1时间副词soonnowearlyfinallyon__re__ntly5频度副词alwaysoftenfrequentlyseldomnever2地点副词herenearbyoutsideupwardsabove6疑问副词howwherewhenwhy3方式副词hardwellfastslowlyexcitedlyreally7连接副词howwhenwherewhywhetherhowevermeanwhile4程度副词almostnearlyveryfairlyquiterather8关系副词whenwherewhyIII.形容词和副词比较等级形容词和副词的比较等级分为原级,比较级和最高级比较级和最高级的构成一般是在形容词和副词后加-er和-est,多音节和一些双音节词前加more和most
1.同级比较时常常用as…as…以及notsoas…as…如Iamnotsogoodaplayerasyouare.
2.可以修饰比较级的词有much__nyalotevenfarabitalittlestillyetbyfaranyagreatdeal
3.表示一方随另一方变化时用“themore…themore…”句型如Theharderyouworkthemoreprogressyouwill__ke.
4.用比较级来表达最高级的意思如Ih__eneverspentamoreworryingday.
5.表示倍数的比较级有如下几种句型Ourschoolisthreetimeslargerthanyours./Ourschoolisfourtimesaslargeasyours./Ourschoolisfourtimesthesizeofyours.
6.表示“最高程度“的形容词没有最高级和比较级如f__ouriteex__llentextremeperfect五.介词I.介词分类1简单介词aboutacrossafteragainstamongaroundatbelowbeyondduringinon2合成介词insideintoontooutofoutsidethroughoutuponwithinwithout3短语介词accordingtobecauseofinsteadofuptoduetoowingtothanksto4双重介词fromamongfrombehindfromundertillafterinbetween5分词转化成的介词considering就而论including6形容词转化成的介词likeunlikenearnextoppositeII.常用介词区别1表示时间的inonatat表示片刻的时间,in表示一段的时间,on总是与日子有关2表示时间的sin__fromsin__指从过去到现在的一段时间,和完成时连用,from指从时间的某一点开始3表示时间的inafterin指在一段时间之后,after表示某一具体时间点之后或用在过去时的一段时间中4表示地理位置的inontoin表示在某范围内,on指与什么毗邻,to指在某环境范围之外5表示“在…上”的oninon只表示在某物的表面上,in表示占去某物一部分6表示“穿过”的throughacrossthrough表示从内部通过,与in有关,across表示在表面上通过,与on有关7表示“关于”的aboutonabout指涉及到,on指专门论述8between与among的区别between表示在两者之间,among用于三者或三者以上的中间9besides与ex__pt的区别besides指“除了…还有再加上”,ex__pt指“除了,减去什么”,不放在句首10表示“用”的inwithwith表示具体的工具,in表示材料,方式,方法,度量,单位,语言,声音11as与like的区别as意为“作为,以…地位或身份”,like为“象…一样”,指情形相似12in与into区别in通常表示位置(静态),into表示动向,不表示目的地或位置六.动词I.动词的时态
1.动词的时态一共有16种,以ask为例,将其各种时态的构成形式列表如下现在时过去时将来时过去将来时一般ask/asksaskedshall/willaskshould/wouldask进行am/is/areaskingwas/wereaskingshall/willbeaskingshould/wouldbeasking完成h__e/hasaskedhadaskedshall/willh__easkedshould/wouldh__easked完成进行h__e/hasbeenaskinghadbeenaskingshall/willh__ebeenaskingshould/wouldh__ebeenasking
2.现在完成时与一般过去时的区别1现在完成时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状况,但和现在有__,强调的是对现在造成的影响或结果,它不能同表示过去的时间状语连用,汉译英时可加“已经”等词简言之,利用过去,说明现在如Ih__ealreadyreadthenovelwrittenbytheworld-famouswriter.已经看过,且了解这本书的内容2一般过去时只表示过去发生的动作或状态,和现在无关,它可和表示过去的时间状语连用,汉译英时可加“过”,“了”等词简言之,仅谈过去,不关现在如Ireadthenovellastmonth.只说明上个月看了,不涉及现在是否记住IlivedinBei___gfortenyears.(只说明在北京住过十年,与现在无关)
3.现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别两者都可以表示“从过去开始一直持续到现在”,在含义上如着重表示动作的结果时,多用现在完成时,如着重表示动作一直在进行,即动作的延续性时,则多用现在完成进行时一般不能用于进行时的动词也不能用于现在完成进行时Ih__ereadthatbook.我读过那本书了Ih__ebeenreadingthatbookallthemorning.我早上一直在读那本书
4.一般将来时的表达方式将来时用法例句1will/shall+动词原形表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态Mysisterwillbetennextyear.2begoingto+动词原形含有“打算,计划,即将”做某事,或表示很有可能要发生某事It’sgoingtoclearup.We’regoingtoh__ea_____tonight.3be+doing进行时表示将来gocomestartmovele__earrive等词可用进行时表示按计划即将发生的动作Heismovingtothesouth.Aretheyle__ingforEurope4beaboutto+动词原形表示安排或计划中的马上就要发生的动作,后面一般不跟时间状语Iwasabouttole__ewhenthebellrang.Themeetingisabouttoclose.5beto+动词原形表示按计划进行或征求对方意见We’retomeetattheschoolgateatnoon.6一般现在时表示将来时刻表上或日程安排上早就定好的事情,可用一般现在时表示将来Themeetingstartsatfiveo’clock.Theplanele__esattenthisevening.II.动词的被动语态常用被动语态构成常用被动语态构成1一般现在时am/is/areasked6过去进行时was/werebeingasked2一般过去时was/wereasked7现在完成时h__e/hasbeenasked3一般将来时shall/willbeasked8过去完成时hadbeenasked4过去将来时should/wouldbeasked9将来完成时will/wouldh__ebeenasked5现在进行时am/is/arebeingasked10含有情态动词的can/must/__ybeasked注意事项被动语态的否定式是在第一个助动词或情态动词后加not,短语动词的被动态不可漏掉其中介副词固定结构begoingtousedtoh__etohadbetter变为被动态时,只需将其后的动词变为被动态如Treesshouldnotbeplantedinsummer./Theboywas__defunofbyhisclas__ates.Newspapersusedtobesentherebythelittlegirl.汉语有一类句子不出现主语,在英语中一般可用被动结构表示如Itisbelievedthat…Itisgenerallyconsideredthat…Itissaidthat…Itiswellknownthat…Itmustbepointedoutthat…Itissupposedthat…Itisreportedthat…Itmustbeadmittedthat…Itishopedthat…下面主动形式常表示被动意义如Thewindowwants/needs/requiresrepairing.Thebookisworthreadingtwi__.Thedoorwon’tshut./Theplaywon’tact.Theclotheswasheswell./Thebooksellswell.Thedishtastesdelicious./Waterfeelsverycold.下面词或短语没有被动态le__eenterreachbecomebenefitcostequalcontainlastlackfitfailh__eappearhappenoccurbelongtotakepla__breakoutcomeaboutagreewithkeepupwithconsistofh__eonloseheart等等七.情态动词I.情态动词基本用法情态动词用法否定式疑问式与简答can能力(体力,智力,技能)允许或许可(口语中常用)可能性(表猜测,用于否定句或疑问句中)cannot/cannot/can’tdoCan…do…Yes…can.No…can’t.couldcouldn’tdo__y可以(问句中表示请求)可能,或许(表推测)祝愿(用于倒装句中)__ynotdo__y…do…Yes…__y.No…mustn’t/can’t.mightmightnotdoMight…do…Yes…mightNo…mightnot.must必须,应该(表主观要求)肯定,想必(肯定句中表推测)mustnot/mustn’tdoMust…do…Yes…must.No…needn’t/don’th__eto.h__eto只好,不得不(客观的必须,有时态人称变化)don’th__etodoDo…h__etodo…Yes…do.No…don’t.oughtto应当(表示义务责任,口语中多用shouldoughtnotto/oughtn’ttodoOught…todo…Yes…ought.No…oughtn’t.shall将要,会用于一三人称征求对方意见用于二三人称表示许诺、命令、警告、威胁等shallnot/shan’tdoShall…do…Yes…shall.No…shan’t.should应当,应该(表义务责任)本该(含有责备意味)shouldnot/shouldn’tdoShould…do…will意愿,决心请求,建议,用在问句中would比较委婉willnot/won’tdoWill…do…Yes…will.No…won’t.wouldwouldnot/wouldn’tdodare敢(常用于否定句和疑问句中)darenot/daren’tdoDare…do…Yes…dare.No…daren’t.need需要必须(常用于否定句和疑问句中)neednot/needn’tdoNeed…do…Yes…must.No…needn’t.usedto过去常常(现在已不再)usednot/usedn’t/usen’ttododidn’tusetodoUsed…todo…Yes…used.No…usedn’t.Did…usetodo…Yes…did.No…didn’t.II.情态动词must__ymightcouldcan表示推测以must为例must+dobe是推测现在存在的一般状态进行;must+bedoing推测可能正在进行的事情;must+h__edone是推测可能已经发生过的事情
1.must“肯定,一定”语气强,只用于肯定句中Hemustbea__nfromAmerica./Hemustbetalkingwithhisfriend./Hemusth__ealreadyarrivedthere.
2.__y和might“也许”,后者语气弱,更没有把握可用于肯定句和否定句He__ynotbeathome./Theymighth__efinishedtheirtask.
3.can和could“可能”,could表示可疑的可能性,不及can’t语气强,用于肯定、否定、疑问句中Theweatherinthatcitycouldbecoldnow.Wecouldh__ewalkedthere;itwassonear.(推测某事本来可能发生,但实际上没有发生)Canhebeintheoffi__nowNohecan’tbethereforIsawhiminthelibraryjustnow.语气很强,常用于疑问句和否定句中III.情态动词注意点
1.can和beableto:都可以表示能力但beableto可以表达“某事终于成功”,而can无法表达此意Beableto有更多的时态另外,两者不能重叠使用
2.usedto和would:usedto表示过去常常做现在已经不再有的习惯,而would只表示过去的习惯或喜好,不涉及现在
3.need和dare作情态动词和实义动词的区别两者作情态动词时常用于否定句和疑问句其形式为needn’t/daren’tdo;Need/dare…do…做实义动词时可用于肯定句,否定句和疑问句其形式为needneeds/needed/daredares/daredtododon’tdoesn’t/didn’tneed/daretodo八.非谓语动词I.非谓语动词的分类、意义及构成非谓语形式构成特征和作用时态和语态否定式复合结构不定式todotobedoingtoh__edonetobedonetoh__ebeendone在非谓语前加notfor__.todosth.具有名词,副词和形容词的作用在句中做主、宾、定、表和状语分词现在分词doingh__ingdonebeingdoneh__ingbeendone具有副词和形容词的作用在句中做定、表、宾补和状语过去分词done动名词doingh__ingdonebeingdoneh__ingbeendone__’sdoing具有名词的作用在句中做主、宾、定和表语II.做宾语的非谓语动词比较情况常用动词只接不定式做宾语的动词hopewantofferlongfailexpectwishaskdecidepretend__nageagreeafforddeterminepromisehappen只接动名词做宾语的动词或短语mindmissenjoyi__ginepractisesuggestfinishescapeexcuseappreciateadmitpreventkeepdislike__oidriskresistconsidercan’thelpfeellikesuc__edinbefondofo__ecttogetdowntobeengagedininsistonthinkofbeproudoftakeprideinsetaboutbeafraidofbetiredoflookforwardtodevoteoneselftobeworthbebusypayattentiontostickto两者都可以意义基本相同beginstartlikelovehateprefercontinue(接不定式多指具体的动作,接动名词多指一般或习惯行为)needwantrequire(接动名词主动形式表示被动意义,若接不定式则应用被动形式)意义相反stoptodo停止手中事,去做另一件事stopdoing停止正在做的事意义不同remember/forget/regrettodo(指动作尚未发生)remember/forget/regretdoing(指动作已经发生)goontodo(接着做另外一件事)goondoing(接着做同一件事)trytodo(设法,努力去做,尽力)trydoing(试试去做,看有何结果)meantodo(打算做,企图做)meandoing(意识是,意味着)can’thelptodo(不能帮忙做)can’thelpdoing(忍不住要做)III.非谓语动词做宾语补足语的区别常见动词与宾语的逻辑关系及时间概念例句不定式askbegexpectgetorder____wantwishencourage主谓关系强调动作将发生或已经完成Iheardhimcallmeseveraltimes.h__enoti__seewatchhearfeellet__ke现在分词noti__seewatchhearfindkeeph__efeel主谓关系强调动作正在进行,尚未完成Ifoundherlisteningtotheradio.过去分词动宾关系动作已经完成,多强调状态Wefoundthevillagegreatlychanged.IV.非谓语动词做定语的区别区别举例不定式与被修饰词往往有动宾关系,一般式表示将来,进行式表示与谓语动作同时发生,完成式表示在谓语动词之前发生Ih__ealotofpaperstotype.Ih__ealotofpaperstobetyped.动名词通常指被修饰词的用途,无逻辑上的任何关系Shallwegototheswimmingpool现在分词与被修饰词之间是主谓关系,表示动作与谓语动作同时发生theboilingwater/theboiledwaterthedevelopingcountry/thedevelopedcountrythefallingle__es/thefallenle__es过去分词与被修饰词之间是被动关系,表示动作发生在谓语动作之前,现已经完成V.非谓语动词做主语和表语的区别区别举例不定式多表示一个特定的具体的将来的动作,做主语时可以借助于it把不定式移到句子后面做表语有时可和主语交换位置,而且意义不变,并且还能用what来提问主语或表语Mydreamistobecomeateacher.Toobeythelawisimportant.dreambusinesswishideaplandutytask做主语时常用动名词与不定式的功能区别不大,然而它更接近于名词,表示的动作比较抽象,或者泛指习惯性的动作,有时也可以用it做形式主语,做表语时可以和主语互换位置Itisnousesayingthatagainandagain.Teachingismyjob.分词无名词的性质,不能做主语但是有形容词的性质,可以做表语,多表明主语的特征性质或者状态等,可被veryquiterather等副词修饰现在分词多含有“令人…”之意,说明主语的性质特征,多表示主动,主语多为物过去分词一般表示被动或主语所处的状态,含有“感到…”之意,主语多是人Thesituationisencouraging.Thebookiswellwritten.常见分词有astonishingmovingtiringdisappointingpuzzlingshockingboringamusing及其-ed形式九.定语从句I.定语从句起了形容词的作用,在句中修饰一个名词或代词被修饰的词叫做先行词,引导定语从句的词叫关系词,他的作用一是放在先行词与定语从句中间起了连接作用,二是在从句中担当一个成分,并与先行词保持数的一致关系词先行词从句成分例句备注关系代词who人主语Doyouknowthe__nwhoistalkingwithyourmotherwhomwhich和that在从句中做宾语时,常可以省略,但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略,也不可以用thatwhom人宾语Mr.__ithisthepersonwithwhomIamworkingTheboywhomsheloved___dinthewar..whose人,物定语Ilikethosebookswhosetopicsareabouthistory.Theboywhosefatherworksabroadismydesk__te.that人,物主语,宾语Aplaneisa__chinethatcanfly.SheisthepopstarthatIwanttoseeverymuch.which物主语,宾语ThebookwhichIg__eyouwasworth$
10.Thepicturewhichwasabouttheaccidentwasterrible.as人,物主语,宾语Heissuchapersonasisrespectedbyallofus.ThisisthesamepenasIlostyesterday.as做宾语一般不省略关系副词when时间时间状语Iwillneverforgetthedaywhenwemetthere.可用onwhichwhere地点地点状语ThisisthehousewhereIwasborn.可用inwhichwhy原因原因状语Ican’ti__ginethereasonwhyheturneddownmyoffer.可用forwhichII.that与whichwhowhom的用法区别情况用法说明例句只用that的情况先行词为alleverythinganythingnothinglittlemuch等不定代词时先行词被allanyeveryeachmuchlittlenosomefew等修饰时先行词有形容词最高级和序数词修饰时先行词既指人又指物时先行词被theonlythevery修饰时句中已经有who或which时,为了避免重复时
1.Hetoldmeeverythingthatheknows.
2.Allthebooksthatyouofferedhasbeengivenout.
3.ThisisthebestfilmthatIh__eeverread.
4.Wetalkedaboutthepersonsandthingsthatweremembered.
5.Heistheonly__nthatIwanttosee.
6.Whoisthe__nthatis__kingaspeech只用whichwhowhom的情况在非限制性定语从句中,只能用which指代物,用who/whom指人在由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中,只能用which指物,whom指人先行词本身是that时,关系词用which先行词为thoseonehe时多用whoHehasasonwhohasgoneabroadforfurtherstudy.Ilikethepersontowhomtheteacheristalking.Thosewhorespectothersareusuallyrespectedbyothers.III.as与which的区别定语从句区别例句限制性定语从句中名词前有such和thesame修饰时,关系代词用as不能用whichHeisnotsuchafoolashelooks.Don’treadsuchbooksasyoucan’tunderstand.非限制性定语从句中as和which都可以指代前面整个主句如果有“正如,象”的含义,并可以放在主句前,也可以放在后面,那么用as;而which引导的从句只能放主句后,并无“正如”的意思Theywonthegameaswehadexpected.Theywonthegamewhichwehadn’texpected.Asiswellknownheisafamousfilmstarinthe1980s.IV.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别类别语法意义及特征例句限制性定语从句对先行词起修饰限制作用,如果去掉,主句意思就不完整明确,这种从句与主句的关系十分密切,写时不用逗号分开TheaccidenthappenedatthetimewhenIleft.非限制性定语从句 对先行词作附加的说明,与主句的关系不十分密切,较松散从句和主句之间用逗号分开,相当于一个插入语,不能用that引导,关系代词做宾语时也不能省略Hismotherwhomheloveddeeply___dtenyearsago.十.名词性从句种类作用常用关联词例句主语从句在复合句中做主语,相当于名词,一般置谓语之前,也可用it作形式主语,主语从句放主句之后thatwhetherifasifasthoughwhowhosewhichhowwhenwherewhywhatwhateverwhoeverwhereverWhetherhewillcomeornotdoesn’t__ttermuch.Whoevercomesherewillbewelcome.表语从句在复合句中做表语,相当于名词,位于系动词之后Itlooksasifitisgoingtosnow.宾语从句在复合句中做宾语,相当于名词Heaskedmewhichteamcouldwinthegame.同位语从句放在名词之后newsproblemideasuggestionadvi__thoughthopefact等表明其具体内容Youh__enoideahowworriedweare.Thefactthatheliedagaingreatlysurprisedus.十一状语从句种类连接词注意点时间状语whenwheneverwhileasbeforeafteruntiltillbythetimeassoonashardly…whennosooner…thanthemomenttheminuteimmediatelydirectlyinstantly主句表示将来意义时,从句须用一般现在时;while引导的从句中动词一般是延续性的;until用在肯定句中主句动词是延续性的,而否定句中主句动词为短暂性的地点状语wherewherever原因状语becauseassin__nowthatbecause语气最强,sin__较弱,表示大家都明了的原因,as又次之条件状语ifunlesson__incaseaslongasonconditionthat从句中动词时态不可用将来时,常用一般时代替目的状语sothatinorderthatforfearthatsothat和inorderthat后常接__yshouldcouldwould等情态动词结果状语so…thatsuch…that比较状语thanas…asnotso/as…asthemore…themore方式状语asifasthoughasasif和asthough引导的从句一般用虚拟语气让步状语thoughalthoughevenifeventhoughasno__tterwhatwhateverno__tterwhowhoeverno__tterwhichwhicheverno__tterhowhoweverno__tterwhenwheneveras在让步状语从句中常用倒装形式;although和though用正常语序,可和yet连用,但不可和but连用十二倒装句种类倒装条件例句完全倒装herethereupdowninoutoffaway等副词开头的句子表示强调Outrushedthechildren.表示地点的介词短语作状语位于句首Underthetreestoodtwotablesandfourchairs.强调表语,置于句首,或为保持句子平衡Presentatthemeetingwere1000students.部分倒装neverhardlyscar__lyseldomlittlenotuntilnot等表示否定意义的副词放于句首HardlydidIknowwhathadhappened.only和修饰的状语放于句首Onlythendidherealizedtheimportan__ofEnglish.notonly…butalso连接并列的句子,前倒后不倒NotonlydoesheknowFrenchbutalsoheisexpertatit.neither…nor…连接并列的句子,前后都倒装NeitherdoIknowitnordoIcareaboutit.so…thatsuch…that中的so或such及修饰的成分放于句首时前倒后不倒Sobusyishethathecannotgoonaholiday.as引导的让步状语Childasheishehaslearnedalot.soneither或nor表示前句内容也适用于另外的人或事Hecanplaythepiano.Socani.用于表示祝愿的祈使句中__yyoubeingoodhealth!省略if的虚拟条件WereIyouIwouldnotdoitinthisway.十三虚拟语气类别用法例句If引导的条件从句与现在事实相反从句动词过去式(be用were)主句动词should/would/could/might+动词原形Ifhewereherehewouldhelpus.与过去事实相反从句动词had+过去分词主句动词should/would/could/might+h__e+过去分词IfIhadbeenfreeIwouldh__evisitedyou.与将来事实相反从句动词过去式/should+动词原形/were+不定式主句动词should/would/could/might+动词原形Ifitshouldraintomorrowwewouldnotgocamping.其它状语从句asif引导的状语从句中动词用过去式或过去完成式Theyaretalkingasiftheyhadbeenfriendsforyears.inorderthat/sothat引导的状语从句中动词用can/could/__y/might/would等+动词原形Turnonthelightsothatwecanseeitclearly.宾语从句de__ndsuggestorderinsist后接的从句中动词为should+动词原形Hesuggestedthatwenotchangeourmind.wish后的从句中分别用过去式,过去完成式和should/would+动词原形表示与现在,过去和将来情况相反IwishIcouldbeapopsinger.主语从句在Itisne__ssary/important/strangethat…Itissuggested/de__nded/ordered/requestedthat…等从句中,谓语动词用should+动词原形Itisstrangethatsuchapersonshouldbeourfriends.其它句型中Itistimethat…句型中动词用过去式或should+动词原形It’shightimethatweleft.wouldrather所接的从句中动词用过去式或者过去完成式Iwouldratheryoustayedathomenow.Ifonly句型中动词常用过去式或者过去完成式,表示强烈的愿望Ifonlyourdreamhadcometrue!十四重要句型
1.Itwasnotuntilmidnightthathefinishedhistask.
2.NotuntilhecamebackfromabroadwasIabletoseehimagain.
3.Theharderyouworkthegreaterprogressyouwill__ke.
4.Hewalkedaroundthehouseguninhand.
5.__yyoubeingoodhealth!
6.Wishyouapleasantjourneybackhome!
7.Theprofessorwasahumorous__nwithbignoseanddeep-seteyes.
8.Whatsurprisedmemostwashisi__ginationandpatien__.
9.Helayonthegrasswithhiseyeslookingattheskyandhishandsunderhishead.
10.SittingunderthetreeareMr.Greenandhisfirstteacher.
11.Onthewallhangtwopicturesoffamousscientists.
12.Lookingbackuponthosepastyearshecouldn’thelpfeelingveryproud.
13.NosoonerHardlyhadhearrivedatthetheatrethanwhentheplaystarted.
14.Youngasheishehaslearnedadvan__d__the__tics.
15.HowIregretthehourswastedinthewoodsandfields!
16.Therestandsabeautifulvaseinthecorneroftheroom.
17.Tenmilesnorthofthetownliesapaperfactory.
18.Theregoesthebell.
19.Nowherehastheworldeverseensuchabirdashere.
20.Itisnousecryingforhelp.
21.IfonlyIhadbeenyourstudentinthemiddleschool!
22.Itisbelievedthatsuchathingwillnothappenagain.
23.OnlywhenheexplaineddidIrealizethereasonforthis.
24.“Heworksparticularlyhard.”“Sohedoesandsodoyou.”
25.NotonlyAli__butalsoJaneand__ryaretiredofh__ingoneexaminationafteranother.
26.SuchwasAlbertEinsteina______personofgreatachievements.十五动词搭配
1.addto增加,增进add…to把…加进…addup相加addupto总计,所有这一切说明1Idontthinkthesefactswill________anything.2Fiftynewbooksh__ebeen________thelibrary.3Themusic_________ourenjoymentofthefilm.4Youmusth__e__deamistakewhenyou_______thebill________.adduptoaddedtoaddtoadded…up
2.breakawayfrom打破,脱离,挣脱,改掉breakdown出毛病,身体精神衰弱,分解,拆开breakoff暂停,中断breakin强行进入,插话breakinto闯入breakintopie__s成为碎片breakout爆发breakup捣碎,驱散,瓦解,学期结束,拆散breakthrough突破1Thecriminal__nagedtobreak_____________thepoli__andranintothewoods.2Whenheheardthenewshebroke_______andcried.3Dontbreak________whileothersarespeaking.4Whydontyoubreak________forafewminutesandh__esomecoffee5Whendoesschoolbreak________6Afterharvestwebreak_________thesoilwithatoolpulledbytwooxen.awayfromdowninoffupup
3.bringup抚养,呕吐,提出bringabout造成bringout拿出,出版bringin引入,引进,挣钱bringback使回想起bringdown使下降,使倒下1Theshopkeeperbroughthispri___________toonlyfivedollars.2Theschoolhasbrought_________newforeignteacherstoteachoralEnglish.3Thesongbrought___________happymemoriesofourschooldays.4Doyouknowwhatbrought___________thismisunderstanding5Thekindold__nagreedtobring__________theyoungorphan.6Wedecidedtobringthe__tter___atthenextmeeting.7Thewindbrought_______alotoftreeslastnight.8Nextmonththeywillbring________aneweditionofthebook.downinbackaboutupupdownout
4.callon号召,拜访(某人)callat拜访、参观(某地)callfor去叫某人要求需要callup使回忆起征召入伍callin召集,请某人来callout大喊,高叫calloff取消,不__1Doctorsareoftencalled_____inthemiddleofthewar.2Pleasewaitformeathome.Illcall_______youatyourhouseatseventonight.3Thetrainscalls_______severalbigcitiesbetweenBei___gandGuangzhou.4Hecalledhername__________butshedidntanswer.5Thesportsmeetwascalled____onaccountoftherain.inforatoutoff
5.comeabout发生,出现comedown下跌,落,降,传下来comein进来comeintosight/being/existen__/use/noti__/effectcomeon来临/快点comeout出版,结果是comealong一道来,赶快cometo达到anend/anagreement/astop苏醒,合计,总共是comeover走过来comeup发芽,走近comeacross偶然碰到comeback回想起comefrom来自,源自1Icome_________thebookIlentyoulastmonth.2Howdiditcome_________thatyoubothgotlostIthoughtyouhada__p.3Itsuddenlycame_________tomewhereIhadseentheboybefore.4Come__________noworelseweshallbelate.5Hecame__________melikeatiger.6Thepri__ofpetrolhascome_________sin__thebeginningofthisyear.7Thewordcame__________use__nyyearsago.8Whentheexaminationresultcame_________hehadalreadygotajob.9Thebillcame__________overathousanddollars.10Isowedtheseedsoveramonthagobuttheyh__entcome__________yet.foraboutbackonatdownintoouttoup
6.cutacross抄近路cutdown砍倒,削减cutoff切断,割掉,断绝关系cutup连根拔除,切碎through剪断,凿穿cutout删(省)掉,戒掉cutin插嘴1Dontcut___thistree.Itwillbeveryshadyinsummer.2Youmustcut________thenumberofcigarettesyou__okeoritwillcauseillness.3Wedecidedtocut_________themoor(旷野)tothevillage.4Cuttingthetree____meanscuttingthetreeintopie__s.5Theelectricitywascut___________whentheladyrefusedtopaythebill.6Wewereh__ingapleasantconversationwhenTomcut__________.(downdownacrossupoffin)
7.___ofdisease/hunger/grief/oldage死于(疾病,饥饿,寒冷,情感原因)___from死于(意外事故、情形)___away渐渐消逝___out绝种___down炉火渐熄___off逐一死去
8.fallbehind__falloveronesfeet跌跤falldown掉下,跌倒fallback撤退,后退1Babiesoftenfall_____whentheyarelearningtowalk.2Ourteamseemstoh__efallen__________theothers.3Assoonastheenemiesfell__________thepeoplereturnedtotheirvillage.4Shefell__________thebenchandhadherlegbroken.(downbehindbackover)
9.goinfor从事,喜爱,参加gothrough通过,经受goover复习,检查goup(__)上涨,建造起来goafter追捕,追赶goagainst违反goahead先行,开始吧,问吧,说吧goaway离开goby时间过去godown下沉,降低,(日、月)西沉goonwith继续进行gowith相配,陪同gowithout没有,缺少goout外出,熄灭goallout全力以赴gooff__,进行,变坏,断电,停止供应gobackon背约,食言gobeyond超出1__nynewfactoriesh__egone__inthepastfewyears.2Rentsh__egone__________greatlyre__ntly.3__nyyearsh__egone___________sin__wefirstmet.4Letscontinueourjourneyuntilthesungoes_______.5Hisactionswent___________thewillofthepeople6Icantdoitforitgoes___________myduty.7Over100studentswent____________thisentran__examination.8Thebombwent____________andkilledtenpeople.9Thebuyerwent___________thecarcarefullybeforereachingadecision.10Thistiedoesntgo___________myblueshirt.11Ifyouthinkyoucansolvetheproblemgo______.12__nystudentswent__________playingbasketball.upupbydownagainstbeyondthroughoffoverwithaheadinfor
10.getdown下来,记下,使沮丧getdownto致力于,专心于geton进展,进步,穿上,上车getoff脱下下车getin收集,插(话)getaway逃跑,逃脱,去休假getover忘记,越过,克服,从疾病中恢复getalongwith进展,相处getup起床getthrough打通__,完成,通过getround消息传开getclosetosth.接近,几乎getintotroublegettoknowgetback取回,收回getout1ShespokesofastthatIcouldntget____whathesaid.2Wewillfindwaystoget_________difficulties.3Thestoryhasgot__________andeveryoneknowsaboutit.4WhenIget_________withthereportIllgotothecine__.5Afteradeliciousmealthetwomengot__________tobusiness.6Dontalwaysget__________awordwhenothersarespeaking.7Ittookmealongtimetoget___________suchanunpleasantexperien__.downoverroundthroughdowninover
11.giveaway赠送,泄露,__giveout发出,疲劳,分发,公布giveoff发出(光、热、气体)giveinto__.屈服giveup放弃,让(座位)1Hisac__ntatlastg__ehim__________.2Theliquidg__e________astrong__ell.3Thehead__sterg__e___________thenamesoftheprize-winners.4Thesol___rsg__e_________thetowntotheenemies.5Whowillhelpmetogivethebooks___________6Dontbelieveinthosewhogivehisfriends________.7Afteralongwalkmystrengthg__e____________.awayoffoutupoutawayout
12.handin交上,提交handout分发handdown流传,遗传
13.hangabout闲逛hangup挂__
14.holdback阻止,隐瞒holdup举起,使停顿holdon别挂__,等,坚持holdout持续,坚持,伸出holddown控制,__1Imsureheisholdingsomething_________.2She__nagedtohold______heremotionuntilherguestshadleft.Thenshecried.3____himtohold________amoment.Illcomesoon.4Ourfoodsupplywonthold_________formorethanafewdays.5Thetrainwasheld________asaresultofthefloods.6Thesemeasureshelpedtohold___________thecityspopulation.7Hold___________yourleftarmplease.backbackonoutupdownup
15.keepupcourageEnglishspirits保持,keepupwith跟上keepoffgrass不接近,离开keepawayfrom避开,不接近,离…远远的keepoutofkeeptorulespromise坚持,遵守keepon继续,坚持下来keepback阻止,留下,隐瞒,扣下keepfrom克制,阻止1Theangryladytoldthestrangerstokeep________fromher.2Icanhardlykeep________mytearsafterhearinghiswords.3Onlypridekepther__________burstingintotears.4Icanscar__lykeep__________askinghimwhathehasdone.5Donttouchmescreamedthewo__nKeep__________!6Keep_________untilyousuc__ed.7Keep_________yourcourageandyoullsuc__edintheend.8Thethickcoatcankeepthecold___________.9Alwaystrytokeep___________theruleswhenyouplayagame.10Icantkeep________witheverythingyouredoing.awaybackfromfromoffonupouttoup
16.knockat/on敲knockinto撞到某人身上knockdown撞倒knockoutof把…敲出knockover撞倒knockoff停止工作,休息1Theboxersoonknockedhisopponent_________.2Theoffi__stuffknocks_________atsixeveryday.3Tryknocking__________thewindowandseeifthereisanyoneindoors.4Hewassoabsorbedinhisbookthatheknocked__________thecarparkedthere.downoffoninto
17.le__efor离开前往le__eout删去,遗漏le__ebehind遗留忘记拿走le__eto留给,遗嘱赠于le__eover遗留,剩下,延期1Whosenamehasbeenleft__________de__ndedtheteacher.2Whenhe___dheleftallhisproperty_____hisnie__.3Hesuddenlyrealizedthathehadlefthisumbrella___________.4Dontle__ethis__tter_________untiltomorrow.5Le__esomemeat___________fortomorrow.6Thosearequestionsleft_________byhistory.outtobehindoveroverover
18.lookup查找,向上看lookthrough翻阅,浏览lookon旁观lookon…as看作lookinto调查lookafter/at/for照顾/看/寻找lookoutfor当心lookabout/around/round四下查看lookdownupon瞧不起lookbackupon回忆,回顾lookab.upanddown仔细打量某人lookabinthefa__/eyes直视某人1Ispenttwohourslooking______thestudentspapers.2Look_______!Thereisabigholeinfront.3Hetookpartinthegameandtherestofusjustlooked______andcheeredforhim.4Theold__nlooked_____uponthedaysofhisyouth.5Shewassosnobbish(势利)thatshelooked__________uponallhisnei___ours.6Thepoli__promisedtolook__________thecaseassoonaspossible.7Helooked__________butsawnobodyandhelistenedbuthearnothing.throughoutonbackdownintoabout/around/round
19.__keup编造,配制,打扮,组成__keupfor弥补__keinto/of/from制成__keout弄懂,发现,看出填写,开列(清单)__kefor走向,驶往,促使1Canyou__kethislengthofcloth__________asuit2Iaskedthedriverifhewas__king___________London3Myfather__de__________acheckformetobuythecamera.4Wemust__ketheloss_________nextweek./Hetriedhardto__ke________fortheda__gehehaddone.5He__de__________astorywhichIfoundhardtobelieve.6SomeoneiscomingbutIcant__ke___________whoitis.intoforoutup/upupout
20.passaway去世passby经过passdownon…to传给passthrough经历passover漠视,忽视1Theoldclockhasbeenpassed________tomefrommygrandfathersgrandfather.2The__npassed___________lastweekinpea__.3Wearepassing____________difficulttimes.4Thesecretarypassed___________thedetailsinthefirstpartofhisreport.downawaythroughover
21.payback还钱,报复payfor付钱,为…受到惩罚,因…得到报应payoff还清1Howmuchdidyoupay__________thedictionary2Youshouldpay_________themoneyyouborrowedfromme.3Illpayhim____________forallhiscrimes罪行againstme.4Somedayyoullpay__________whatyouh__edonetoday.5Hasshepay____________thedebtyet(forbackbackforoff)
22.pickup拾起,获得infor__tion,接人,站起,收听,自然习得language/knowledge,恢复重获pickuphealthpickout挑选,辨认,看出1Ipickedtheinfor__tion__________whilewaitinginthequeue.2Myfriendhasarrangedtopickme_________at6:
00.3Thepatienthaspicked_________healthduringthelasttwoweeks.4Shepicked_______themostexpensivepairofshoes.5IcantpickJohn___________inthecrowd.6CanIpick_____________withthisshort-w__eradio7Hefelldownsuddenlybutpickedhimself___________quickly.upupupoutoutupuppickcotton/flower/le__es/words选词
23.putup搭起,张贴,举起,__,投宿,安排住下putupwith忍受putout伸出,扑灭putoff推迟putinto放进,翻译putaway放好,存钱putdown记下,平息puton穿戴,上映,增加putonweight/speedputforward提出,提前putthrough接通__putaside放到一边putback放回1Heput_________halfhiswageeveryweek.2Thegover__entsoonput__________therevolt(__).3Putyourwatch__________.Itsslow.4Heput__________hishandformetoshake.
5.Pleaseputme__________toExtension(分机)
2.6Weput___________fornightatthevillageinn.7Heisveryproudandheoftenput_________airs.(摆架子)8Wehadatelephoneput_____________inouroffi__.9Icantput__________withyourlaziness.awaydownforwardoutthroughuponupup
24.pulldown拆掉,__pullon匆匆穿上/off脱pullin进站pullout取出火车离站pulldown往下拉拆毁pullover驶到一边pullthrough恢复健康渡过难关脱离险境pullup(使)停住1Thetrainslowlypulled__________anddisappearedinthedistan__.2Alltheoldhouseshereh__enowbeenpulled______andnewonesaretobebuilt.3Thecarpulled_________whenIblewthehorn.4Thedoctorthinksthe__nwillpull__________.5Thedriverpulled________atthetrafficlights.outdownoverthroughup
25.pushover推倒,刮倒pushaheadonforward继续前进,坚持下去pushthrough排除困难办好谋事,努力设法通过,挤过1Wevedecidedtopush__________withourplantobuildanewroad2__nytreeswerepushed__________inthehurricane.3Theyweredeterminedtopushthenewrules________atanycost..4Takecarenottopushthebaby_________.5Theypushed___________thecrowdandatlastreachedus.onoverthroughoverthrough
26.runacross偶然碰到runafter追逐,追捕runaway逃跑runfor竞选runinto偶然碰到(困难)遇见(人),相撞runoutof用完1Ifyoudrivesofastyoullrun_________someonesomeday.2Iran__________afriendofmineintheexhibition.3Ourwaterhasrun__________.Canyoufillupsomemorebottles4Whydoyoualwaysrun__________adventure5Hedidntwanttorun___________presidentthatyear.6Inthatwayyouwillonlyrun__________difficulties.intoacross/intooutafterforinto
27.seeoff送行seethrough看透,识破seeto照料,照管
28.sendfor派人去请sendoff送行sendout发出(光亮)等sendup发射
29.setup建立setoff出发,触发,引起setout动身,着手todo,陈述setabout开始着手doingsettoworkn.开始做setback拨回,使推迟1Ishallsetmywatch___________byfiveminutes.2Weset__________readingthetextaloudimmediatelythebellrang.3Weset_________atdaybreakyesterdayandwevebeentr__ellingeversin__then.4Iset__________toadvisehimnottodrink.5Whatwerethereasonsheset___________inhisreport6Thepresidentset__________aspecialgroupofsol___rstoguardhim.7Theunpopularlawset_________aseriesofprotests.(__)backaboutoff/outoutoutupoff
30.takeoff脱掉,起飞takeon呈现雇佣takeaway拿走takein吸收,领会takeup从事,占用(时间空间)takedown记录,取下takeback收回takefor误认为takealong随身带takeover接管takeout1Itake_________allIsaidabouthisdishonesty.2Hewenttotheshelfandtook__________abookofpoems.3AtfirstItookhim_________adoctor.4Icanseethatmostofyouh__etaken________everythingthattheteachertaught.5Billhasnowtaken__________hisfathersbusiness.6Myjobtakes__________mostofmytime.7Thebosstook____________twentypeopleforhisnewcompany.backdownforinoverupontakechargeof负责takesth.forgranted想当然takeholdof抓住takepridein以………为自豪takethepla__of代替taketurnstodo轮流做takeoffi__就职
31.thinkof想起thinkof…as把…看作thinkout想出thinkup想出thinkabout考虑thinkover仔细考虑thinkwellof__.对某人看法好
32.turnoff/on打开turnover翻身,反复考虑,翻(书页),翻转turnout证明为,结果,制造成品turnto转向,求助turndown调低,拒绝turnagainst变得敌视,__turnaway打发走,驱逐,转过脸去turnback返回,转回去turnround转过身来turnup向上翻,露面,出现,音量调大turnin上缴turnupsidedown把倒置,弄得乱七八糟1Thechildturned__________itsmotherforcomfort.2Turn___________andletmeseeyourfa__.3Howevermuchheturnedtheproblem________inmindhecouldfindnosatisfactorysolution.4TheEnglishevening_____turned_________agreatsuc__ss.5Thesightoftheaccidentwastoomuchforhertobearandsheturned_______.6Thefootballstadiumwasfulland__nypeoplehadtobeturned__________.7Thearmyturnedhim___________onaccountof因为hispoorhealth.8Sheturnedthewholehouse___________inhersearchforhermissingpurse.9Wheredidyourpurseturn____________Ifounditinthesnow.10Thevillagerssuddenlyturned__________theforeignerswholivednearby.11Thefactoryturns____________2000newcarslastyear.toroundoveroutawayawaydownupsidedownupagainstout。