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初升高英语衔__第2讲一.本周教学内容初升高英语衔__第2讲初中基础知识疏理
(2)二.重、难点有关简单句、复合句及并列句的知识疏理
1.简单句
(1)定义只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)的句子叫简单句,如WelearnEnglish.我们学英语(一个主语和一个谓语)BothXiaoZhangandXiaoWangarefromBeijing.小张和小王都是北京人(一个并列主语和一个谓语)Heon__livedandworkedhere.他曾经在这里居住和工作过(一个主语和一个并列谓语)Myfatherandmothergotoworkatseveninthemorningandcomebackhomeateightintheevening.我父母早上七点上班,晚上八点回家(一个并列主语和一个并列谓语)
(2)分类上次我们对简单句按照句子基本结构分出的5种类型做了阐述;另外,根据句子的功能或使用目的,简单句可分四类陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句
2.并列句
(1)定义用并列连接词连接起来的两个或两个以上简单句叫做并列句
(2)并列句的构成简单句+连接词+简单句
(3)连接并列句常用的连接词andbutorsonotonly…butalsohoweverneither…noreither…orstill等e.g.Ihelpherandshehelpsme.我帮她,她帮我Heisveryoldbutheisingoodhealth.他年纪很大了,但他身体很好Wemusthurryorwe’llbelate.我们得赶快走,不然就晚了Thisgirldidherworkcarefullysoshenever__deanymistakes.这个姑娘工作认真,从不出差错Jimnotonlywrotetomelastweekbutalsocametoseemeyesterday.吉姆上星期不但写信给我,而且昨天还来看过我Neithercouldtheorydowithoutpracti__norcouldpracti__dowithouttheory.理论没有实践不行,实践没有理论也不行EitherheistoblameorIam.不是他该受责备,就是我该受责备注意连接词so除起连接并列句作用外,兼有结果意味;有时so在后一句中代替前一句中某一句中成分例如HecanswimsocanI.他会游泳,我也会(so代替swim)Ironisakindof__ttersoarewaterandair.铁是一种物质,水和空气也是物质(so在后一句中起表语作用)
3.主从复合句
(1)定义主从复合句是由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的主句是句子的主体,从句可视作句子的一个成分从句在主从复合句中可起主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语作用从句在全句中起什么作用,就叫什么从句
(2)状语从句状语从句在句中起状语作用,修饰主句中的谓语动词、形容词或副词在初中阶段我们主要学习了以下几种状语从句
①时间状语从句常见引导词when(当……时),as(一边……一边,当……时),while(在……过程中),before(在……以前),after(在……之后),sin__(自从……以来),till(until)(直到……,直到……才),assoonas(一……就……)等进入高中阶段之后,我们还会再见到另外一些常用的连接词在由以上连接词或词组连接的主从复合句中,主句谓语动词所表示的动作和从句谓语动词所表示的动作有时是同时发生、有时是先后发生因此,在理解和运用带时间状语从句的主从复合句时,要根据连接词所表示的不同时间意义,特别注意主句和从句的谓语动词的时态这是掌握时间状语从句的关键
②原因状语从句常由because(因为),sin__(既然),as(由于)等连接词引导eg.Hedidn’theartheknockingatthedoorbecausehewaslisteningtotheradio.他没听见敲门声,因为他正在听收音机Sin__youarefreetodayyouhadbetterhelpmewithmyEnglish.既然你今天休息,你最好帮我学习英语Asthedaywasfinetheydecidedtogoonatrip.由于天气好,他们决定作一次短途旅行
③地点状语从句常由where(在……地方),wherever(无论……在哪儿)等连接词引导如I’llgowhereworkconditionsaredifficult.我愿意到工作条件困难的地方去Whereveryouareyoushouldworkforthepeopleheartandsoul.无论你在哪里工作,你都应该全心全意为人民服务
④条件状语从句常由if(假如,如果),unless(除非)等连接词或连接词组引导如IfIgototheGreatWalltomorrowwouldyouliketocomealong如果明天我去长城,你会和我一起去吗?Heissuretocomeunlesshehassomeurgentworktodoathome.除非他家里有急事要办,不然他一定会来的
⑤比较或方式状语从句常由as…as(像…一样),than(比),the…the(越……就越),as(正如),asif(似乎,好象)等引导如Iknowyoubetterthanshedoes.我比她更了解你Themoreyoupracti__themoreknowledgeyouwillget.你实践得越多,你得到的知识就越多YoushouldstudyEnglishashardas__rydoes.你应该像玛丽那样努力学习英语Theold__nrunsveryfastasifhewereayoung__n.这位老人跑得很快,简单像个年轻人(在以asif连接的从句中,谓语动词用过去式,系动词were可用于所有人称,表示虚拟语气,而不是真实情况)
⑥目的状语从句常由so(使得),that(以便),sothat(为了,使得),inorderthat(这样……就)等来引导如Theysetoutearlythattheymightarriveatthestationintime.他们很早出发,以便及时赶到车站Shetakesnotescarefullyinclasssothatshe__yusethemwhenshereviewsherlessonsafterclass.她在课上认真记笔记,以便能在课下利用它们复习功课
⑦结果状语从句常由so(结果),sothat(结果),so…that(such…that)(如此……以致……)等连接词引导如Everybodylentahandsotheworkwasdoneintime.人人帮忙,结果工作及时完成Hefinishedhishomeworksowellthathisteacherpraisedhiminclass.他作业完成得很好,结果他的老师在班上表扬了他ThefilmwassointerestingthatIenjoyeditverymuch.这部电影这么有趣(以致于)我非常喜欢它Itissuchahe__yboxthatnobodycanmoveitaway.这是一个很重的箱子,谁也搬不走
⑧让步状语从句常由though(although)(虽然……但……),evenif(即使),however(不管怎样),whatever(无论什么),no__tterhow(who…)(不管多么……)(无论谁……)等连接词或连接词组引导如Hewenttoschoolthoughhewasill.虽然他病了,但还是去上学了(注意有(al)though的句子,就有“虽……但是”的含义,不能在主句中用but,但可接yet,still等)Shecarriedonthejobevenifshehadabadcold.即使她患了重感冒,她还是坚持工作HowevermuchItriedIfailedtoworkoutthe__thsproblem.无论我怎么做,都算不出这道数学题来WhateveryousayIwillnotchangemymind.不论你怎么说,我都不会改变主意Hekeepstakingphysicaltraininginwinterno__tterhowcolditis.不论天气多冷,他都坚持在冬天进行体育锻炼No__tterwhoasksherforhelpsheisreadytohelp.无论谁请她帮忙,她都愿意帮助
(3)定语从句在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词,定语从句必须放在先行词之后引导定语从句的关系代词有whowhomwhosewhichthat等这些是我们在初中已学习过的,对于它们的用法已经在以前的讲解中多次提到过,主要掌握它们指代人还是物,在句中可以充当什么成分引导定语从句的关系副词有wherewhenwhy等,这些是高中要学习的内容,在后面的讲解中我们会渗透其用法及定语从句其他内容
(4)名词性从句在主从复合句中,从句可以起主句的主语、表语、宾语或同位语作用在多数情况下,这四种句子成分由名词性词类充当,所以起这四种成分作用的从句统称为名词性从句引导名词性从句的关联词有连接词thatwhetherif;疑问代词whowhatwhichwhose;疑问副词whenwherehowwhy等在这四种从句中,我们已学过的是宾语从句,其他三种在课文中偶尔出现过,只要求理解,宾语从句是必须掌握的内容,对于它的三要素也已多次复习过,请同学们认真学习并将有关练习题做好,为今后学习其他三种名词性从句打好基础【模拟试题】主从复合句
(一)宾语从句
1.Shesaidshewouldle__ethemessageonthehead__ster’sdesk.A.thatB.whereC.whichD.what
2.Couldyou____meI’mhisoldfriend.A.wheredoesJimliveB.whenwillJimcomebackC.whereJimhasgoneD.howisJim
3.I’msorryIcan’tdecidetodo.A.whatB.howC.whenD.where
4.IwanttoknowMotherhasputthepresentsroundtheChrist__stree.A.whenB.whereC.whetherD.that
5.Hehasn’tdecide.A.ifhe’llgoonatriptoHainanB.whenwillhegoonatriptoHainanC.ifhegoesonatriptoHainanD.whendoeshegoonatriptoHainan
6.DoyouknowthepopulationofShenyangA.whatisB.howmuchisC.whatareD.how__nyare
7.Idon’tknowwhen.WhenheI’llletyouknow.A.willhecomewillcomeB.hewillcomecomesC.hecomeswillcomeD.doeshecomecomes
8.DoyouknowifbacknextweekIfhebackpleaseletmeknow.A.hecomeswillcomeB.willhecomecomesC.hewillcomecomesD.willhecomewillcome
9.—Canyouguessiftheytoplaybasketballwithus —Ithinktheywillcomeiftheyfree.A.comeareB.willcomewillbeC.willcomeareD.comewillbe
10.—DoyouknowI’mgoingtoseehim.—SorryIdon’tknow.A.wheredoesMr.LiliveB.wheredidMr.LiliveC.whereMr.LilivesD.whereMr.Lilived
11.Couldyou____meA.whenshallwestartB.whoareyouwaitingforC.wherethebusstationisD.whywereyoulate
12.—Whatdidyoursonsayintheletter —HetoldmethathetheDisneyWorldthenextday.A.willvisitB.hasvisitedC.isgoingtovisitD.wouldvisit
13.Youmustremember.A.whatyourteachersaidB.whatdidyourteachersayC.yourteachersaidwhatD.whathasyourteachersaid
14.InthebookshopareaderaskedtheshopkeeperWhoMovedMyCheesewasaninterestingbook.A.thatB.howC.whatD.if
15.—Excuseme.Couldyou____megettotheplane —__rtainly.Gostraightalonghere.A.howcanweB.howwecanC.whencanweD.whenwecan
16.—Becareful!Don’tbreakthebottles.DoyouhearIsaidD__id —Yesmum.A.whatB.thatC.whyD.if
17.—Doyouknow —He’sTom’sfather.A.whoisheB.whatheisC.what’sheD.whoheis
18.I’dliketoknow.A.whenwillhegivebackthetapeB.whetherhashere__ivedhighereducationC.thathehasbeenbusyD.whethershewilljoininourEnglishEvening
19.Thestudentsarestudyinghardfortheyknow.A.whataretheystudyingforB.whataretheystudyingC.whattheyarestudyingforD.whytheyarestudyingfor
20.Willyouplease____meA.wherePudongAirportisB.howfarPudongAirportwasC.howcanwegettoPudongAirportD.whenwasPudongAirportbuilt
21.—Wheredoeshecomefrom —Pardon—Iaskedwhere.A.didhecomefromB.hecamefromC.hecomesfromD.doeshecomefrom
22.DoyouthinkanEnglishfilmtomorrownightA.isthereB.thereisgoingtoh__eC.thereisgoingtobeD.willtherebe
23.Hetoldmeanewbridgeinhisvillagethenextyear.A.builtB.willbuildC.willbebuiltD.wouldbebuilt
24.Shesaidshehopedhersoon.A.himtoseeB.hewouldseeC.himseeingD.heisseeing主从复合句
(二)状语从句
1.Themountainwassteepfewpeopleinourcityreachedthetop.A.soasB.sothatC.asasD.tooto
2.Timepassedquicklyandthreemonthswentbyweknewit.A.whenB.afterC.beforeD.till
3.—Whatareyougoingtodointhefuture —I’dliketobeadoctoryouare.A.soB.asC.whatD.when
4.Hewaituntiltherain.A.won’twillstopB.won’tstopC.willstopsD.willwillstop
5.AlthoughIthetruckforhalfayearitstilllooksnew.A.h__eboughtB.boughtC.h__ehadD.had
6.—IsD__idatschooltoday —No.Heisathomehehasabadcold.A.becauseB.ifC.thoughD.until
7.We’llclimbQianlingHillsifitnextSunday.A.won’trainB.rainC.rainyD.doesn’train
8.Jimhasbeeninthefactoryfortwoyearsheleftschool.A.whenB.sin__C.assoonasD.whether
9.he’sveryyoungheknowsseverallanguages.A.ThoughbutB.BecausesoC.Though/D.Because/
10.IwascleaningmyroomTomcalledme.A.whenB.untilC.whileD.if
11.WewillvisittheGreatWallitdoesn’traintomorrow.A.untilB.beforeC.asD.if
12.Iwasreadinganewspaperhecamein.A.assoonasB.sin__C.whileD.when
13.Thelittleboyateabigmealhesaidhewasn’thungry.A.ifB.thoughC.becauseD.as
14.You’dbetterdoityourmotherdid.A.whenB.asC.likeD.because
15.WangLinwillcometoseeyouhereachesthiscity.A.beforeB.sin__C.whileD.assoonas
16.allthepassengersarehere.Whydon’twestartaton__.A.AssoonasB.AfterC.NowthatD.When
17.I’llcometoseeyouI’mfreenextSunday.A.untilB.afterC.ifD.before
18.IwenttobedattenIdidmyhomework.A.whenB.becauseC.ifD.after
19.—Mikewantstoknowifapicnictomorrow. —Yes.Butifitwe’llvisitthemuseuminstead.A.youh__ewillrainB.youwillh__ewillrainC.youwillh__erainsD.willyouh__erains
20.Idon’tgotobedIfinishmyhomework.A.untilB.whenC.afterD.sin__
21.Idon’tknowifittomorrow.IfitIwillnotgofinish.A.rainsrainsB.rainswillrainC.willrainrainsD.willrainwillrain
22.Theyweredoing__thsexercisesIleft.A.beforeB.untilC.whenD.assoonas
23.Mr.Greendoesn’tclimbdownthechimneyuntilthechildren.A.fallasleepB.wereasleepC.gotobedD.aresleeping
24.I’llcatchupwithLucybeforeshethefinishingline.A.reachB.isreachingC.reachesD.willreach主从复合句
(三)定语从句
1.ThepicturehasahouseandflowersistheoneIlikebest.A.whoB.whichC.whereD.whose
2.Thisisthe__nlastnight.A.whomIsawhimB.whomIsawC.whichIsawD.whoIsawhim
3.Doyouknowthe__nspokejustnowA.whichB.whatC.whoD.whom
4.Theresultoftheexperimentwasverygoodwehadn’texpected(预料).A.whenB.thatC.whichD.it
5.Achildparentsaredeadiscalledanorphan.A.whichB.hisC.whoseD.with
6.Iwillneverforgetthedaywespenttogetherlastweek.A.thatB.whichC./D.ABandC
7.ThisistheveryboyIh__ebeenlookingfor.A.whichB.thatC.whoD.whom
8.—IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek. —IsthatthereasonyouhadafewdaysoffA.whyB.whenC.whatD.where
9.InfacttheSwedendidnotunderstandthethreequestionswereaskedinFrench.A.whereB.whoC.inwhichD.which
10.The__nteachesusChineseisfromHunan.A.thatB.whomC.whichD./
11.Idon’tlikesuchapersonoftenliesbeforeyourfa__.A.whatB.thatC.asD.which
12.Thetreeswereplantedlastyeargrowwell.A.whoB.whomC.whichD./
13.Hetalkedaboutthepeopleandthingsinterestedhimgreatlyduringhisstayhere.A.whichB.thatC.whoD.they
14.Thehousetheold__nlivesinwasbuiltin
1945.A.whoB.thatC.whichD.BothBandC
15.Heisnotthe__nheusedtobe.A.thatB.whoseC.whichD.what
16.Ilostthebookmysisterboughtlastweek.A.thatB.whichC./D.ABandC
17.Heisoneofthestudentswhopraisedbytheteacher.A.wereB.wasC.h__eD.has
18.Thevillagehelivesisverybeautiful.A.inthatB.inwhomC.inwhichD.that
19.Thedoctorisle__ingforAfricanextmonth.A.thenurseistalkingtohimB.whomthenurseistalkingC.thenurseistalkingtoD.whothenurseistalking
20.__rylikestoeatfoodhaschocolateinit.A.thatB.itC.thoseD.this
21.HewrotetomeandtoldmeeverythinghesawonthewaytoBeijing.A.whoB.thatC.whichD.whom
22.BeihaiParkisoneofthemostbeautifulparksthousandsofvisitorseveryday.A.whichattractsB.whichattractC.thatattractD.itattracts
23.Whichofthefollowingsenten__isrightA.Helostthebikehisuncleboughtitforhim.B.Ihatepeoplethattalkmuchbutdolittle.C.ThisisthemostinterestingfilmwhichIh__eeverseenit.D.The__nthatyoumethiminthestreetisfromBeijing.
24.Canyou____methenameofthefactoryyouvisitedlastweekA.whatB.thatC.whereD.when[参考答案]http://___.DearEDU.com
(一)
1.A
2.C
3.A
4.C
5.A
6.A
7.B
8.C
9.C
10.C
11.C
12.D
13.A
14.D
15.B
16.A
17.D
18.D
19.C
20.A
21.B
22.C
23.D
24.B
(二)
1.B
2.C
3.B
4.C
5.C
6.A
7.D
8.B
9.C
10.A
11.D
12.D
13.B
14.B
15.D
16.C
17.C
18.D
19.C
20.A
21.C
22.C
23.A
24.C
(三)
1.B
2.B
3.C
4.C
5.C
6.D
7.B
8.A
9.D
10.A
11.B
12.C
13.B
14.D
15.A
16.D
17.A
18.C
19.C
20.A
21.B
22.C
23.B
24.B主从复合句
(一)宾语从句
7.选择B此题第一个空的when引导的是宾语从句,其时态因主句是一般现在时而要根据从句本身所要表示的情况确定时态,此句意思是“我不知道他什么时候要来”,应为将来时;而第二个空前的when引导的是时间状语从句,又表示的是还没发生的事,因此符合主将从现的时态要求,故从句用一般现在时,选择B类似的题还有8和
915.选择B此题首先考查宾语从句的语序应为陈述句语序,因而排除A、C又因为回答“一直沿着这走,”所以选how引导的宾语从句主从复合句
(二)状语从句
1.选择B此句意为“山太险太陡峭了以至于我们城市里几乎没有人能登上山顶”因而选“so…that…”,“too…to”后面连接不定式构成简单句式,与题不符
16.选择C此处的nowthat意为“既然”此句意为“既然所有的乘客都在这,我们为何不马上启程呢?”主从复合句
(三)定语从句
4.选择C此句主从句之间有逗号分开,且从句并非主句必要成份,属于非限制性定语从句,应由which来引导,不可用that
8.选择Areason做先行词,其后定语从句又缺少原因状语,故用why这一关系副词。