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2019-2020年高考英语易错点点睛与高考突破专题09名词性从句【xx高考预测】
1.名词性从句中连接词的正确选用
2.that引导的宾语从句,wh-引导的宾语从句以及某些特殊词后所跟的宾语从句
3.that和wh-引导的主语从句及形式主语的几种主要句型
4.获that、wh-疑问词引导的表语从句及从属连词引导的表语从句、同位语从句
5.名词性从句中,从句部分的语序要用陈述语序,不能用凝问语序
6.that引导同位语从句与定语从句的区别
7.Whether和if在名词性从句中的用法区别【难点突破】
一、各类名词性从句的区别1.who/whoeverwhat/whatever等的用法区别一般说来,在名词性从句中what/who虽然不表示疑问的语气,但是所陈述的内容却是未知的,含特指意义,而whatever/whoever等含泛指意义,意为“无论什么,无论谁”,并且表达的语气很强烈2.whether/if的用法区别whether和if在宾语从句中可以互换,但是作某些介词的宾语时连接词一般用whether;whether可与ornot/or连用,用来引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句等,也可与动词不定式连用;if不能与动词不定式连用3.“疑问词+ever”和“nomatter+疑问词”的区别;“疑问词+ever”可引导名词性从句,在从句中充当一定的成分;还可引导让步状语从句;“nomatter+疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句,不能用于名词性从句中
二、要注意名词性从句和定语从句、状语从句的不同
三、解决名词性从句的相关题目的步骤1.名词性从句可以充当主语、宾语、表语和同位语,要分清句子结构,然后再确认试题考查的名词性从句的所属类型2.正确选择连接词一般说来,引导名词性从句的连接词包括连接代词和连接副词,其中代词在从句中起名词的作用,作主语、宾语或表语;而副词则充当状语,表示时间、方式、原因等例
1、xx·辽宁卷Thenewerwenttothelibrarytheotherdayandsearchedfor________hecouldfindaboutMarkTwain.A.whereverB.howeverC.whateverD.whichever【特别提醒】whatever※在名词性从句中whatever语气强,一般相当于what,可被其代替Hewilldowhat/whateverhecantohelpus.两者均可,whatever最佳例
3、 xx·福建卷Wepromise________attendsthepartyachancetohaveaphototakenwiththemoviestar.A.whoB.whomC.whoeverD.whomever答案 C [whoever在宾语从句中作主语,promisesbsth结构]例
4、Theprizewillbegivento________performsbest.A.whoB.whomC.whoeverD.whomever答案 C [whoever在宾语从句中作主语,whoever=anyonewho]【特别提醒】whoever/whomeverwho/whom※whoever/whomever名词性从句表示“……的人”;who/whom名词性从句表示“谁……”一件事例
5.xx·陕西卷Asmanyasfivecoursesareprovidedandyouarefreetochoose________suitsyoubest.A.whateverB.whicheverC.wheneverD.wherever【特别提醒】whatever/whichever※whatIdontknowwhatcolorshelikes.which在名词性从句中作定语[which+n./pron.单数]有范围SomanybookshereIdontknowwhichoneIshouldtake.例
7、xx·陕西卷Thehowtobookcanbeofhelpto________wantstodothejob.A.whoB.whomeverC.nomatterwhoD.whoever答案 D [此处考查宾语从句,whoever在从句中作主语]【特别提醒】whever※who/whom/whoever/whomever除外鉴别办法截枝法将从句去除,若主句主干结构[即主谓宾/主系表]完整,则考查状语从句定语从句无whever引导词,同位语从句whever从未考查;若主句结构不完整,则考查名词性从句例
8、xx·江西卷Whydontyoubring________tohisattentionthatyouretooilltoworkon【特别提醒】常见句型
1.+2.sb/sth+v.+it形式宾语adj./n....+例
11、xx·重庆卷Evidencehasbeenfoundthroughyearsofstudy________childrensearlysleepingproblemsarelikelytocontinuewhenthengrowup.A.whyB.howC.whetherD.that【特别提醒】同位语从句后移现象1.同位语从句为了句子结构平衡,从主句谓语之前移至主句谓语之后2.定语从句后移现象与之极为类似,只是从句性质不同,详见定语从句热点1·3例
13、Someoneisringingthedoorbell.Goandsee________.A.whoisheB.whoheisC.whoisitD.whoitis答案 D [考查宾语从句语序和it指代人的用法]例
14、HelooksupsetbutIdontknow________withhim.A.whatisthematterB.whatthematterisC.whatthematterwasD.whatwasmatter答案 A [考查从句语序whatisthematter为主系表结构]例
15、Iwonder________Imethimbefore!A.wherewasitB.wherewasitthatC.whereitwasD.whereitwasthat答案 D [考查从句语序在从句中须用陈述语序]【特别提醒】1.虽然所有从句省略、倒装特殊句式除外都须是陈述语序,但涉及从句语序问题,大多考查名词性从句,尤其宾语从句2.近年来强调句型和名词性从句结合考查语序比较常见例
16、xx·天津卷Itdoesntmatter________youturnrightorleftatthecrossing—bothroadsleadtothepark.A.whetherB.howC.ifD.when例
18、xx·安徽卷Thelimitsofaperson’sintelligencegenerallyspeakingarefixedatbirthbut________hereachestheselimitswilldependonhisenvironment.A.whereB.whetherC.thatD.why答案 B [句意一个人的智力极限,通常来说,出生时就已经定型了但他是否能够达到这些极限取决于他所处的环境根据dependon可知,主语从句含有不确定因素,可排除Cwhere表示地点,why表示原因,用于此处不合适,而使用whether表示“是否”,与题意吻合]例
19、xx·浙江卷Itisuncertain________sideeffectthemedicinewillbringaboutalthoughabouttwothousandpatientshavetakenit.A.thatB.whatC.howD.whether【特别提醒】whetherif4种名词性从句宾语从句有限制whethertodoiftodowhether从句可作介词宾语if从句不作介词宾语
①Idontknowwhetherornothewille.√
②Idontknowwhetherhewilleornot.√
①Idontknowifornothewille.×
②Idontknowifhewilleornot.√【易错点点睛】易错点点睛1名词性从句中连接词的正确选用
1、Marywroteanarticleon__theteamhadfailedtowinthegame.A.whyB.wtatC.whoD.that【错误解答】B或D【错解分析】许多考生都误以为what在本题中充当failed的宾语,或认为空格后不缺成分,故选B或D实际上就本题而言,不难看出句意为“玛丽写了一篇关于队伍为何在比赛中失败的文章”,所以应该选用强调原因的why【正确解答】A
2、Aputercanonlydo__youhaveinstructedittodo.A.howB.afterC.whatD.when
4.Hisabilityhasneverbeenindoubt—thequestionisheispreparedtoworkhard.A.whetherB.ifC.thatD.where【错误解答】B【错解分析】很多同学对whether和if的用法一知半解,尽管二者都有“是否”的意思,但在主语、表语或同位语从句中只能用whether,不能用if【正确解答】A
5.Hecan’tanswerthequestionhegotthemoney.A.whatB.thatC.howD.where【错误解答】B【错解分析】许多考生知道这是一个同位语从句,在定性思维中认为同位语从句用出at引导,事实上同位语从句也可用when,where,why等来引导,不一定只用that.【正确解答】C【特别提醒】
1.that引导名词性从句时,在从句中无意义,不作成分,只起到连接作用,在宾语从句中可省略Hetoldmethathewouldleavesoon.
2.what与出at在名词性从句中的区别Right:Whathesaidwastrue.这是一个主语从句,what在从句中作动词said的宾词,意思是:“……话”或“……事”,此句中不能用thatThathecamelatemadetheteacherangry.这个句子还是主语从句从句中意思完整,所以用that来引导,起到一个标志作用【变式探究】1Itrytounderstand__preventsthemfrombeingashappyasonemightexpectalthoughtheyaresorich.A.thatB.whatC.itD.whether答案:B解析:what引导宾语从句2AlthoughMaryishappywithhersuccessshewonders__willhappentoherprivatelife.A.thatB.thisC.itD.what答案:D解析:what引导宾语从句3Thedealertoldmehowmuchhewaspreparedtopayformycarand__Icouldhavethemoneywithoutdelay.A.whatB.thatC.不填D.whether答案:B解析:what只起连结词作用,本身无义Ihavefoundout__theywillasktoleadthevic-torymarchonSaturday.A.whenB.whereC.whomD.what答案:C解析:whom引导一个宾语从句,在宾语从句中又作ask的宾语5Itwasnotuntildarkhefoundhethoughtwasthecorrectwaytosolvetheproblem.A.that;whatB.that;thatC.when;thatD.when;that答案:A解析:这是一个带有宾语从句的加强调句型主句是not…until句型易错点点睛2that引导的宾语从句,wh-引导的宾语从句以及某些特殊词后所跟的宾语从句
1.AssoonasheesbackIwilltellhimwhenandseehim.A.youwilleB.willyoueC.youeD.doyoue
3.Theleadersofthebattleorderedallofustheworkontime.A.if;finishedB.that;finishC.whether;finishedD.what;finished【错误解答】A或C【错解分析】许多考生认为A、C答案均讲得通,即“任务是否要以接时完成”,但本题由于受ordered这个词的限制,应该选B其中finish为shouldfinish的省略形式【正确解答】B
4.Mostoftheuniversitystudentsareconfident__theycangetagoodjobwithhigherpay.A.whetherB.thatC.whereD.when【特别提醒】
1.出at引导的宾语从句出at常用来引导宾语从句,通常that可以省略HehastoldmethathewillgotoShanghaitomorrow.他已经告诉我他明天要去上海注意在demand,order,suggest,decide等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后hat从句常用“should+动词原形”的结构
2.wh-引导的宾语从句Iwanttoknowwhathehastoldyou.我想知道他告诉了你什么
3.形容词后所跟的宾语从句某些动态形容词afraid,confident,aware,certain,sure,doubtful等在句中做表语时,后面可跟宾语从句例句:IamconfidentthatIcangetthejob.我有信心我可以得到这份工作【变式探究】1Wecan’tfigureout__quiteanumberofinsectsbirdsandanimalsaredyingout.A.thatB.asC.whyD.when3MrSmithsuggestedthatallofthestudents__theirexercisebooks.A.handedinB.shouldhandinC.handinginD.thathandin答案:B解析:尽管动词suggest用了过去式,但suggest后若跟宾语从句,则从句部分应用shoulddo结构易错点点睛3that和wh-引导的主语从句及形式主语的几种主要句型
1.AfterYanyLiweisucceededincirclingtheearthourastronautsdesiretodoiswalkinspace.A.whereB.whatC.thatD.how【错误解答】C或D【错解分析】本题考查主语从句首先排除C,因为该主语从句缺成分,而that不充当任何成分的where和how只能充当状语成分,而本句缺少do的宾语,因此应选B.【正确解答】B
3.Itisashame__welostthatexpensivecar.A.thatB.whenC.asD.if【错误解答】B或D【错解分析】很多考生不知道It在本句中作形式主语本句实际上是Itis/wasa+名词+that结构【正确解答】A【特别提醒】1that引导的主语从句that引导的主语从句既可以放在句首也可以放在句末,在实际应用中常常采用it形式主语形式ThathepassedtheEnglishtestistrue.→ItistruethathepassedtheEnglishtest.2形式主语的四个主要句型It+be+名词+that从句Itisapitythat...可惜的是,用于此句型的名词还有fact/shame/honor/question等It+be+形容词+that从句Itiscertainthat...很肯定,可用于此句型的形容词还有clear/better/natural/important/neeessary.It+be+动词的过去分词+that从句Itissaidthat...据说,可用于此句型的过去分词还有believed/known/reported等It+不及物动词+that从句如:Itseemsthat...好像是……似乎……可用于此句型的不及物动词还有happen,appear等【变式探究】1__thereislifeonanotherplanetisalmostimpossible.A.HowB.ThatC.whyD.Whether答案:B解析:That引导主语从句2__inthenewspaperthattheJapaneseministerwillarrivenextweek.A.ItsaysB.ItissaidC.IthassaidD.Heissaid答案:B解析:构成his/was十过去分词+that结构3__isstillasecretwhenthepresidentwillmakeapublicspeech.A.ThatB.HeC.WhatD.It答案:D解析:It充当形式主语,when引导主语从句易错点点睛4由that、wh-疑问词引导的表语从句及从属连词引导的表语从句、同位语从句
1.Astroygoes__ElizabethIofEnglandlikednothingmorethanbeingsurroundedbycleverandqualifiednoblemenatcourt.A.whenB.whereC.whatD.that
2.—Areyoustillthinkingaboutyesterday’sgame—ohthat’s__A.whatmakesmefeelexcitedB.whateverfeelsmeaboutC.howIfeelaboutitD.whenIfeelexcited
4.Thequestionheaskedwas__theelectricalequipmentshouldbestored.A.whatB.whichC.whereD.because【特别提醒】
1.that引导的表语从句基本结构:主语+系动词+that从句例句:Thefactisthatwehavelostthegame.
2.wh-疑问词引导的表语从句ThatiswhyItellyouthenews.那就是我为什么告诉你这个消息的原因
3.从属连词asifboecausejustas等引导的表语从句ItisbecauseIhaveeverheardofthestory.那是因为我曾经听说过这个故事
4.同位语从句同位语从句通常由that引导,可用于同位语从句的名词有advice,demand,doubt,fact,hope,idea,information,message,news,order,problem,promise,question,repuest,suggestion,truth,wish,word等【变式探究】1Thereasonshegavefornotbeingpresentwas__theheavysnowpreventedhering.A./;becauseB.why;becauseC./;thatD.why;whether4Whatshewantstoknowisdresssheshouldbuy.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.why答案:C解析:本题考查表语从句用法,从句意看,应该是表选择关系,即“想买哪件衣服”5Heaskedthequestion__thismaterialcanstandhightemperature.A.whatB.whyC.whetherD.when2Weallagreewithhimon__hesaid.A.whatB.thatC.whyD.how答案:A解析:置于介词后的宾语从句一般不用that引导本句充当said的宾语,故用what5I’msorry__yourmotherisiii.A.whomB.ifC.thatD.how答案:C解析:主语+be+形容词+that...结构6Wethinkitimportant__weshouldkeepthebalanceofnature.A.whetherB.whatC.thatD.which答案:B解析:that引导宾语从句后置,it为形式宾语10Thingswerenot__theyseemedtobe.A.whatB.becauseC.thatD.where答案:A解析:what引导表语从句11WhenapencilispartlyinaglassofwateritlooksasifitA.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken答案:C解析:在asif引导的表语从句中,谓动词有时,可用虚拟语气,如本题中“铅笔似乎断了”实际上未断12ThereasonIplantogois__ifIdon’t.A.becauseshewillbedisappointedB.thatshewillbedisappointedC.becauseshewillbedisappointedD.onaccountofshewillhaveadisappointed答案:B解析:that引导表语从句15Itworriedherabit__herhairwastunrninggrey.A.whileB.thatC.ifD.for答案:B解析:it是形式主语,that用来引导真正的主语,此时不可省略16isknowntoallthatWTOstandsforWorldTradeOrganization.A.WhichB.WhatC.AsD.It答案:D解析:it充当形式主语17Thefactsheworkshardiswellknowntous.A.thatB.whatC.whyD.which答案:A解析:同位语从句18Themountainisnolonger__itusedtobe.A.whichB.thatC.asD.what21Iknownothingaboutherexcept__sheisfromCanada.A.howB.whenC.thatD.why答案:C解析:that作介词宾语从句22Whatapity__is__youdidn’tarrivebydaylight.A.there;becauseB.it;thatC.he;whenD.that;for答案:B解析:it充当形式主语,此句结构可还原成:Itisapitythat...23__wecantgetseemsbetterthan__wehave.A.What;whatB.What;thatC.That;thatD.That;what答案:A解析:前一个what引导主语从句,且作get的宾语,后一个what作have的宾语24It’snotyetclear__ofthosewillbechosentodothejob.A.thatB.whomC.whichD.whose答案:C解析:Which表选择关系,引导主语从句,让为形式主语28__isstillasecretwhenthepresidentwillmakeapublicspeech.A.ThatB.HeC.WhatD.It答案:D解析:it充当形式主语29Itworriedherabit__herhairwasturninggrey.A.whileB.thatC.ifD.whether答案:B解析:that引导主语从句,it此时为形式主语30__breaksthelawshouldbepunished.A.NomatterwhoB.WhoeverC.AllD.Who答案:B解析:whoever引导主语从句,nomatterwho虽语意相同,但不能引导主语从句31__istopractiseusingEnglishoften.A.ThatyoushoulddoB.WhichyoushoulddoC.WhatyoushoulddoD.Whateveryoudo34Shedresseswellbutthetroubleis__theclothessheiswearingdon’tgowitheachotherverywell.A.evenifB.whetherC.thatD.if答案:C解析:that引导表语从句35Thesuggestion__studentsshouldlearnsomepracticalEnglishisworthconsidering.A.ifB.whichC./D.that答案:D解析:同位语从句36__theydon’tlikeusisveryclear.A.WhatB.ThatC.WhichD.Where答案:B解析:that引导主语从句,可省,因为主语成分齐全37__yon’veallhadawonderfulvacation.A.ItwouldbegoodthatB.ItisgoodthatC.ItwasgoodthatD.Itwillbegoodthat答案:B解析:Itis/was+形容词+that结构41Idon’tdoubthewille.A.thatB.ifC.whatD.whether答案:A解析:doubt前有否定词时,只能用that引导42It’snotclearhedidit.A.whoB.whichC.whomD.why答案:A解析:why引导主语从句43—Imissedawordhereinthesentence.—Wellthat’s__youweremistaken.A.whenB.whatC.whereD.why46Nevertake__forgrantedthatIwillhelpyou.A.thatB.itC.whichD.that48LeiFengwasalwaysthinkingof__hecouldhelpothers.A.thatB.howC.whenD.which答案:B解析:how表方式,即“如何帮助别人”49—Thegreentypewriterismine.—DoyouknowwhosetypewriterA.isthisblueoneB.thisblueoneC.isthisblueD.thisblueoneisⅡ.完型填空OneafternoonIwassittingatmyfavoritetableinarestaurantwaitingforthefoodIhadorderedtoarrive.SuddenlyI51thatamansittingatatablenearthewindowkeptglancinginmydirection52heknewme.Themanhadanewspaper53infrontofhimwhichhewas54toreadbutIcould55thathewaskeepinganeyeonme.whenthewaiterbroughtmy56themanwasclearlypuzzled困惑bythe57wayinwhichthewaiterandI58eachother.Heseenedevenmorepuzzledas59wentonanditbecame60thatallthewaitersintherestaurantknewme.Finallyhegot.Upandwentintothe
61.Whenhecameouthepaidhisbilland62withoutanotherglanceinmydirection.Icalledtheowneroftherestaurantandaskedwhatthemanhad
63.“Well”hesaid“thatmanwsadetective侦探.He64youherebecausehethoughyouwerethemanhe65”.“what”Isaidshowingmy
66.Theownercontinued“Hecameintothekitchenandshowedmeaphotoofthewantedman.I67sayhelookedverymuchlikeyou!Ofcoursesinceweknowyouwetoldhimthathehadmadea
68.”“Wellit’sreally69IcametoarestaurantwhereI’mknown”Isaid.“70Imighthavebeenintrouble.”
51.A.knewB.understoodC.noticedD.recognized答案:C解析:“注意到”一个人在我身边,其他三项均不合句意
52.A.sinceB.everifC.thoughD.asif答案:D解析:“好像”认识我
53.A.flatB.openC.cutD.fnted
57.A.dircetB.familiarC.strangeD.funny答案:B解析:familiar意为“相同的,相似的”
58.A.chattedwithB.lookedatC.laughedatD.talkedabout答案:A解析:chaaedwith意为“闲聊”,符合语境
59.A.thewaiterB.timeC.ID.thedinner答案:B解析:Astimewenton为固定用法,意为“随着时间推移”
60.A.trueB.hopefulC.clearD.possible答案:C解析:clear意为“明显”,此处只有clear符合语境
61.A.restaurantB.washroomC.officeD.kitchen答案:D解析:下文有提示
62.A.leftB.actedC.satdownD.calmeddown
66.A.careB.surpriseC.worryD.regret答案:B解析:细节推理题
67.A.mustB.canC.needD.may答案:A解析:细节理解题
68.A.dicoveryB.mistakeC.decisionD.fortune答案:B解析:makeamistake意为“犯了错误”
69.A.apityB.naturalC.achanceD.lucky答案:D解析:我因到了这家餐馆而倍感“幸运”
70.A.ThusB.HowverC.OtherwiseD.Therefore答案:C解析:otherwise意为“否则,不然”,符合语境Ⅲ.短文改错此题要求改正所给短文中的错误对标有题号的每一行作出判断如无错误,在该行右边横线上画一个勾√;如有错误每行只有一个错误,则按下列情况改正此行多一个词把多余的词用斜线\划掉,在该行右边横线上写出该词,并也用斜线划掉此行缺一个词在缺词处加一个漏字符号^,在该行右边横线上写出该加的词此行错一个词在错的词下画横线,在该行右边横线上写出改正后的词注意原行没有错的不要改DearfriendsItisrealagoodchancetohavemetallofyouhere.71becauseweareallverymuchactiveandtheactivitiesarenot75答案:去掉muchonlyenjoyableandalsohelpful.Besidestheforeignteachers76答案:and改为buthereworkhardandtryhisbesttomaketheactivities77。