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专项复习三阅读理解之词义猜测
一、考试要求词义猜测是应用英语的重要能力,也是高考阅读理解中必考的题型同学们应通过本专题巩固并加强训练通过构词、定义、同位、对比、因果、常识、同义、反义及语境等确定词义的技能五年高考全国卷猜测词义题量统计 类别题数考点200620072008I2008II2009I2009II2010I2010II2025202520252020冠词21112111
二、词义猜测命题特点和趋势命题者着重考查考生利用同义或反义关系、构词法、语法和语篇文脉等理解生词的能力
1.要求根据阅读材料所提供信息,结合高中生应有的常识和经验,正确判断生词、词组的含义或成熟词在特定语境中表达的具体含义以及一些句子的意思
2.代词复指理解题也是猜测词义的常考类型用“逻辑关系__法”、逆向寻踪法”理清人物及事物之间的逻辑关系是关键所在【设问形式】Theunderlinedword“…”inthesecondthird…paragraphreferstomeans______.Bysaying“…”inthefirssecond…paragraphtheauthormeansthat______.Inparagraph…“…”canberepla__dby“______”.Themeaningof“…”inparagraph…isrelatedto______.Whichofthefollowinghastheclosestmeaningto…paragraph…Theunderlinedsenten__inthe…paragraphprobablymeansthat_____.
三、应试策略由于猜测词义题涉及题材背景、句子结构、文章主旨、__的观点态度等,因此__主旨、整合上下文信息是解答这类题的关键命题者在出这类题时惯用常规词义来麻痹考生,同学们要特别注意熟词生义,切不可脱离语境主观臆断我们必须熟练掌握的猜测词义的方法有
(一)根据构词法判断词义
1.三种构词法,即合成、转化、派生,是我们猜测词义需掌握的基本方法合成法通过构成合成词的每个单词的含义猜测和领会其含义;转化法通过一个词的本意猜测出它转化后的意思,常见的是名词和动词、形容词和动词以及形容词和名词之间的相互转化;派生法由一个词根加前缀(prefix)或后缀(suffix)构成词的方法称为派生法一般来说,前缀改变词义,后缀改变词性所以掌握了一些基本的词汇和词缀,我们就可以猜测出很多词的意义【试一试】
1.猜测下面合成词的词义1underwear2he-goat3editor-in-chief4forget-me-not5well-designed6underdeveloped7end-of-term8__ss-produ__d9serious-looking10time-s__ing
2.转化法练习1Theroadnarrowsgradually2Togettheretheyhadtojourneyoveradesert.3Sheclocked
23.5secondsinthewomen’s200-meterfinals.4TheseproductsshowanewhighinChina’sscien__andtechnology.5Thedognosedoutarat.
3.派生法练习1根据前缀猜测词义(05江西卷E篇)Doyouh__eanystrongopiniononco-educationalorsingle-___schools划线词义为___________________Hisanti-sl__erypolicyhadsetmillionsofblackfreeandhisstrengthandwisdomhadguidedthenationthroughthewartopea__andreunion.“reunion”heremeans_________.A.comingbackagainB.becomingoneagainC.meetingsomeoneagainD.seeingsomeoneagain2根据后缀猜测词义(05广东卷E篇)It’saquietcomfortablehoteloverlooking俯瞰thebayinanuncommercializedCornishfishingvillageonEngland’smostsoutherlypoint.划线词义为_______________3结合前缀和后缀猜测词义prehistoric_____________unthinkable______________4有些词根并不是单词,如coordinate;compose等,在这种情况下,词缀,尤其是前缀能帮助我们结合上下文猜到词义如They__deajourneythroughtheextensivedesert其中extensive是生词,但我们知道“ex-”是“向外的”意思,结合后面的desert我们可以猜到该词是向外延伸的意思,进一步我们可以猜出它的确切含义是“一望无垠的”根据派生法猜测下列句子中划线词的含义
1.SaddamisthedeposedpresidentofIraq.A.welcomedeverywhereB.hatedbyeverybodyC.removedfromahighpositionD.fitforhisoffi__
2.CanyouunderstandtheinscriptiononthetombA.wordswrittenbycuttingintothesu_____B.namesoffamouspeopleC.explanationD.__inidea
3.Atrainisimmobilewhenit_________.A.speedsalongB.doesn’tmoveC.movesilentlyD.goesbackward
4.Becauseofthestormthevalleywasimpassable.A.notbeautifultolookatB.noteasytopassC.fullofwaterD.morebeautiful
5.Boilingwateremitssteams.A.hasB.coversC.becomesD.givesoff
(二)根据语境判断词义这是提高阅读速度和理解率必备的判断断词义的能力语境可能是一个句子、几个句子、甚至一个段落或通篇文章我们可分别将其称为小语境、中语境和大语境
1.小语境1定义式常用的词有bemeandealwithbeconsideredtobebecalleddefinerepresentreferto等例1__rkTwainwasnottheauthor’srealname;itwasapseudonym.例2Mechanizedfarmingmeanstheuseofmodern__chineryonfarms.2例举式常用词有forexampleforinstan__suchaslike等例1Newly-__rriedyoungpeopleoftenspendsomeoftheirmoneyonapplian__sforinstan__washing-__chinesrefrigeratorsandtelevisions.例2Doctorssuggestthateveryoneshouldexerciseeverydayespeciallythosewhodosedentaryworklikereadingtypingandsewing.3重述式常用词有andorsimilarlythatistosayinotherwordsnamelysayi.e.等例1Redhadthelongestw__elength;thatisthedistan__betweeneachw__eislongestinredlightthaninanyothercolor.例2Thefootballplayerwaspenalizedforhisrudenessandthepunishmentwasagoodlessonforhim.4同位语构成同位关系的两部分之间常用逗号连接,有时也使用破折号,冒号,分号,引号和括号等例1Dr.Bakerisamemberofanagriculturalmissionagroupofexpertsonbetterfarmingmethods.例2(05浙江卷B篇)Infactonlyabout80o__lotsanendangeredwildcatexistintheU.S.today.
(5)修饰限定式从定语从句或状语从句提供的限定或修饰信息来猜测词义例1Theherd__anwholooksaftersheepearnsabout650yuanayear.例2The__nisatrampwhogoesfrompla__topla__anddoesnoregularwork.例3Thefloorwassoclutteredwith__nytoysthatMomhaddifficultywalkingtothedoor.
2.中语境1对比关系有些表示转折关系的连词、介词短语和副词等使前后的意思构成对比我们可以利用这种对比关系,判断生词的含义常用的词有although;eventhough/if;while;but;yet;however;instead;ratherthan;unlike;farfrom;ontheotherhand;unfortunately等例1The__inpointoftheplaniscleartomebutthedetailsarestillhazy.例2Unlikehergregarioussistersheisashyquietpersonwhodoesnotliketogotopartiesorto__kenewfriends.例3ThoughTom’sfa__hasbeenwashedquitecleanhisneckstillre__insgrubby.例4Ifyouagreewrite“yes”;ifyoudissentwrite“no”.2同义关系和平行关系__在写文章时,为避免重复,同一概念常用不同的同义词这种同义关系为我们猜词带来了方便常用词and;or;notonly…butalso…;besides;similarly;likewise;inthesamewaylikejustasalsoaswellasinotherwords或用分号引出相同或类似的词另外在特定的情况下,__经常通过一连串同一类型或同一范畴的词语来表达其思想如果有一生词在这一系列的同一范畴的词语中,可以通过这些词语的特征和语义范围推断出生词的词义范围例1Doctorsbelieve__okingdetrimentaltoyourhealth;theyalsoregarddrinkingharmful.例2Thenewtaxlawsupersedesorrepla__sthelawthatwasineffectlastyear.A.superviseB.reviewC.takethepla__ofD.starttoenfor__3因果关系在句子或段落中,若两个事物现象之间构成因果关系,可以根据这种逻辑关系推测生词词义常见的提示词有because,as,sin__,for,so,thus,asaresult,therefore等例1Whensomekindofpainkillerwasbroughtoutre__ntlyresearchersfoundthatthecolorsturnedthecustomersoffbecausethey__detheproductlookweakandineffective.Theunderlinedpart“thecolorsturnedthecustomersoff”meansthatthecolors_____.A.attractedthecustomersstronglyB.hadweakeffectsonthecustomersC.trickedthecustomersintoshoppingD.causedthecustomerstoloseinterest例2(05__卷B篇)Ifeelthatsin__youaremysuperioritwouldbepresumptuousofmeto____youwhattodo.”Theword“presumptuous”inthemiddleofthepassageisclosestinmeaningto“”.A.fullofrespectB.tooconfidentandrudeC.lackinginexperien__D.tooshyandquiet4根据替代、说明、描述等关系猜测词义:在句子或段落中,我们可以利用熟悉的词语,根据语言环境所表示的关系推断生词词义例1(05江苏卷E篇)WilliamShakespearesaid“Thewebofourlifeisofamingledyarn(纱线),goodandilltogether.”Theunderlinedword“mingled”inthelastparagraphmostprobablymeans.A.______B.mixedC.sadD.happy例2Heisaresolute__n.On__he__kesuphismindtodosomethinghewon’tgiveituphalfway.例3Thatmuseumissoimmensethatitwillbeimpossibletoseealltheexhibitsinoneday.
3.大语境在阅读中,如果通过小语境或中语境还不能猜出该词的词义,可扩大语境来理解该词的词义例1Annie’smother___dwhenshewaseightyearsold.Twoyearslaterherfatherdisappearednevertobeheardfromagain.Annieandherbrotherweresenttoanorphanage.例2Averysnobbishwo__nmetGeorgeBernardShawthefamousEnglishplaywriteratagarden_____oneafternoon.Shewasthesortofwo__nwhowasonlyinterestedinpeoplewhowererichandfamousandshewasveryeagertoh__eShawasaguestinherownhomesoshecouldshowhimofftoherfriends.
四、实战演练Passage12010福建B篇ks5Forget_______andFa__bookGoogleandtheKindle.Televisionisstillthemostinfluentialmediumaround.Indeedfor__nyofthepoorestregions地区oftheworlditre__insthenextbigthing——finallybecomesglobally__ailable.AndthatisagoodthingbecausetheTVrevolutionischanginglivesforthebetter.Acrossthedevelopingworldaround45%offamilieshadaTVin1995;by2005thenumberhadclimbedabove60%.ThatissomewaybehindtheU.S.wherearemoreTVsthanpeopleandwherepeoplenoweasilygetac__sstotheInternet.Fivemillionmorefamiliesinsub-SaharanAfricawillgetaTVoverthenextfiveyears.In2005afterthefalloftheTaliban(___)whichhadoutlawedTV1in5Afghanshadone.Theglobaltotalisanother150millionby2013——pushingthenumberstowellbeyondtwothirdsoffamilies.Television’smostpowerfuleffectwillbeonthelivesofwomen.InIndiaresearchersRobertJensenandEmilyOsterfoundthatwhenTVsreachedvillageswomenweremorelikelytogotothe__rketwithouttheirhu__ands’approvalandlesslikelytowantaboyratherthanagirl.Theyweremorelikelyto__kedecisionsoverchildhealthcare.TVisalsoapowerfulmediumfor_____education.IntheIndianstateofGujaratChitrageetisapopularshowthatplaysBollywoodsongswithwordsinGujarationthescreen.Withinsixmonthsviewershad__dea__allbutsignificant有意义的improvementintheirreadingskills.ToomuchTVhasbeenassociatedwithviolen__overweightandloneliness.HoweverTVish__ingapositiveinfluen__onthelivesofbillionsworldwide.
60.Theunderlinedword“outlawed”inparagraph2probablymeans“”.A.allowedB.bannedC.offeredD.refused
61.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassageA.Americansusedtogetac__sstotheInterneteasily.B.Theworld’sTVsetswilltotal150millionby
2013.C.45%offamiliesinthedevelopingcountrieshadaTVin
2005.D.Overtwothirdsoffamiliesintheworldwillh__eaTVby
2013.
62.Theauthorintendsto.A.stresstheadvantagesofTVtopeople’slivesB.persuadewomentobecomemoreindependentC.encouragepeopletoimprovetheirreadingskillsD.introdu__thereaderssomewebsitessuchasGoogle
63.WhatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassageA.TVWillRuletheWorldB.TVWillDisturbtheWorldC.TVWillBettertheWorldD.TVWillRe__ininWorldPassage2(2010重庆A篇)OnemorningmorethanthirtyyearsagoIenteredtheTrackKitchenarestaurantwhereeveryonefromthehumblest卑微的tothemostpowerfulcameforbreakfast.Inoti__danemptychairnexttoanelderlyunsh__en__nwholookedsomewhatdisheveled.Hewaswearingaworn-outhatandwasalone.IaskedifImightjoinhim.HeagreedquietlyandIsatdowntoh__emybreakfast.Wecautiouslybeganaconversationandspokeaboutawiderangofthings.Weneverintrodu__dourselves.Iwascon__rnedthathemighth__enomoneyandnotbeabletoaffordsomethingtoeat.SoasIrosetogobacktothecounterandbuyasecondcupofcoffeeIasked“MyIgetyousomething”“Acoffeewouldbeni__.”ThenIboughthimacupofcoffeeWetalkedmoreandheac__ptedanothercupofcoffeeFinallyIrosetole__ewishedhimwellandheadedfortheexit.AtthedoorImetoneofmyfriends.Heasked“HowdidyougettoknowMr.Galbreath”“Who”“The__nyouweresittingwith.Heischair__noftheBoardofChurchillDowns.”Icouldhardlybelieveit.Iwasbuyingofferingafreebreakfastandfeelingpityforoneoftheworld’srichestandmostpowerfulmen!MyfewminuteswithMr.Galbreathchangedmylife.NowItrytotreateveryonewithrespectno__tterwhoIthinktheyareandno__tteranotherhu__nbeingwithkindnessandsin__rity.
56.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“disheveled”meanA.Unfriendly.B.Untidy.C.Gentle.D.Kind.
57.Theauthorboughtcoffeefortheold__nbecause.A.hethoughttheold__nwaspoorB.hewantedtostartaconversationC.heintendedtoshowhispolitenessD.hewouldliketothanktheold__n
58.HowdidtheauthorprobablyfeelafterhetalkedwithhisfriendA.Proud.B.Pitiful.C.Surprised.D.Regretful
59.Whatisthemessage__inlyexpressedinthestoryA.Weshouldlearntobegenerous.B.Itishonorabletohelpthoseinneed.C.Peopleinhighpositionsarenotlikewhatweexpect.D.Weshould__oidjudgingpeoplebytheirappearan__s.Passage32010江苏A篇Usuallywhenyourteacherasksaquestionthereisonlyonecorrectanswer.Butthereisonequestionthathasmillionsofcurrentanswers.Thatquestionis“What’syourname”Everyonegivesadifferentanswerbuteveryoneiscorrect.H__eyoueverwonderedaboutpeople’snamesWheredotheycomefromWhatdotheymeanPeople’sfirstnamesorgivennamesarechosenbytheirparents.Sometimesthenameofagrandparentorothermemberofthefamilyisused.Someparentschoosethenameofawell-knownperson.AboycouldbenamedGeorgeWashington__ith;agirlcouldbenamedHelenKellerJones.Somepeoplegivetheirchildrennamesthatmeangoodthings.Clarameans“bright”;Beatri__means“onewhogiveshappiness”;Donaldmeans“worldruler”;Leonardmeans“asbr__easalion”.Theearliestlastnamesorsurnamesweretakenfrompla__names.AfamilywiththenameBrookorBrooksprobablylivednearbrook小溪;someonewhowascalledLongstreetprobablylivedonalongp__edroad.TheGreenwoodfamilylivedinornearaleafyforest.Otherearlysurnamescamefrompeople’soccupations.Themostcommonoccupationalnameis__ithwhichmeansapersonwho__kesthingswithironorothermetals.Inthepast__ithswereveryimportantworkersineverytownandvillage.Someotheroccupationalnamesare:Carter—apersonwhoownedordroveacart;Potter—apersonwho__depotsandpans.Thean__storsoftheBakerfamilyprobablybakedbreadfortheirnei___orsintheirnativevillage.TheCarpenter’sgreat-great-great-grandfatherprobablybuilthousesandfurniture.Sometimespeoplewereknownforthecoloroftheirhairorskinortheirsizeortheirspecialabilities.WhenthereweretwomenwhowerenamedJohninthesamevillagetheJohnwiththegrayhairprobablybecameJohnGray.OrtheJohnwasverytallcouldcallhimselfJohnTall__n.JohnFishwasprobablyanex__llentswimmerandJohnLightfootwasprobablyafastrunneroragooddan__r.Somefamilynameswere__debyaddingsomethingtothefather’sname.English-speakingpeopleadded–sor–son.TheJohnsonsaredes__ndantsofJohn;theRobertsfamily’san__storwasRobert.IrishandScottishpeopleadded__corMcorO.Perhapsallofthe__cDonnellsandtheMcDonnellsandtheO’Donnellsaredes__ndantsofthesameDonnell.
56.WhichofthefollowingaspectsdothesurnamesinthepassageNOTcoverA.Pla__swherepeoplelived.B.People’scharacters.C.Talentsthatpeoplepossessed.D.People’soccupations.
57.Accordingtothepassagethean__storsofthePotterfamilymostprobably_______.A.ownedordroveacartB.__dethingswithmetalsC.__dekitchentoolsorcontainsD.builthousesandfurniture
58.SupposeanEnglishcouplewhosean__storslivednearaleafyforestwantedtheirnew-bornsontobecomeaworldleaderthebabymightbenamed_______.A.Beatri____ithB.LeonardCarterC.GeorgeLongstreetD.DonaldGreenwood
59.Theunderlinedword“des__ndants”inthelastparagraphmeansaperson’s_____.A.latergenerationsB.friendsandrelativesC.colleaguesandpartnersD.latersponsorsPassage42010四川A篇IgrewupinahousewheretheTVwasseldomturnedonandwithonewallinmybedroomentirelylinedwithbookshelvesmostofmychildhoodwasspentonbooksIcouldgetholdof.InfactIgrewupthinkingofreadingasnaturalasbreathingandbooksunbelievablypowerfulinshapingperspectives观点bycreatingworldswecouldstepintotakepartinandlivein.WiththisunshakablebeliefIatfourteendecidedtobecomeawriter.Heretooreadingbecameuseful.Everywriterstartsoffknowingthathehassomethingtosaybutbeingunabletofindtherightwaystosayit.Hehastofindhisownvoi__byreadingwidelyanddiscoveringwhichpartsofthewritersheagreesordisagreeswithoragreeswithsostronglythatitreshapeshisownworld.Hecannotwritewithoutlovingtoreadbecauseonlythroughreadingotherpeople’swritingcanonediscoverwhatworkswhatdoesn’tandintheendtogetherwithlotsofpracti__whatvoi__hehas.NowIamincollegeandh__ecometorealizehowimportantitistoreadfiction文学作品.Asalawstudentmyreadingisinfactlimitedtosu__ect__tter—thevolume量ofwhatIh__etoreadforclasseseveryweekmeansthereislittletimetoreadanythingelse.Suchreading__deitalltheclearertomethatIliveinavery__allpartinthisgreatpla__calledlife.Readingfictionremindsmethatthereislifebeyondmyown.Itallowsmetotr__elacrossthehighseasandalongtheSilkRoadallfromthecomfortofmyownarmchairtoexperien__thoughsecondhandexcitingexperien__sthatIwouldntne__ssarilybeabletoh__einmylifetime.
41.WhatcanbeinferredabouttheauthorasachildA.HeneverwatchedTV.B.Hereadwhathehadto.C.Hefoundreadingunbelievable.D.Heconsideredreadingpartofhislife.
42.Theunderlinedword“voi__”inthesecondparagraphmostprobablymeans“________”.A.anideaB.asoundqualityC.awayofwritingD.aworldtowriteabout
43.Whateffectdoesreadingh__eontheauthorA.Ithelpshimtorealizehisdream.B.Itopensupawiderworldforhim.C.It__keshiscollegelifemoreinteresting.D.Itincreaseshisinterestinworldwidetr__el.
44.WhichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthistextA.WhydoIreadB.HowdoIreadC.WhatdoIreadD.WhendoIreadPassage52010新课标D篇Therewere__ilingchildrenalltheway.Charilytheyknewatwhattimethetrainpassedtheirhomesandthey__deittheirbusinesstostandalongtherailwayw__etocompletestrangersandcheerthemupastheyrushedtowardsPenang.Oftenwholefamiliesstoodoutsidetheirhomesandw__edand__iledasifthoseonthetrainsweretheirf__oriterelatives.Thisisthe______villagepeopleofMalaysia.Iwasmoved.Ihadalwaystr__eledtoMalaysiabyplaneorcarsothiswasthefirsttimeIwasonatrain.Ididnotparticularlyrelishthelongtrainjourneyandhadbroughtalongadozen__gazinestoreadandreread.Ilookedaboutthetrain.Therewasnotonefamiliarfa__.IsighedandsatdowntoreadmyEconomics.ItwasnotlongbeforethetrainwasacrosstheCausewayandinMalaysia.JohoreBaruwasjustanothercitylikeSingaporesoIwastiredoflookingatthecrowdsofpeopleastheyhurriedpast.AswewentbeyondthecityIwatchedthestraightrowsofrubbertreesandmilesandmilesofgreen.Thenthefirstvillagecameintosight.ImmediatelyIcamealive;Idecidedtow__ehack.Fromthenonmyjourneybecameinteresting.Ithrewmy__gazinesintothewastebasketanddecidedtojoinin__laysianlife.Theneverythingcamealive.Themountainsseemedtospeaktome.Eventhetreeswere__iling.IstaredateverythingasifIwaslookingatitforthefirsttime.ThedaypassedfastandIevenforgottoh__emylunchuntilIfelthungry.Ilookedatmywatchandwassurprisedthatitwas3:00pm.SoonthetrainpulledupatButterworth.Ilookedatthepeopleallaroundme.Theyalllookedbeautiful.Whenmyunclearrivedwitha__ileIthrewmyarmsaroundhimtogivehimawarmhug拥抱.Ihadneverdonethisbefore.Heseemedsurprisedandthenhisweather-beatenfa__warmedupwithahuge__ile.Wewalkedarminarmtohiscar.Ilookedforwardtothereturnjourney.
66.TheauthorexpectedthetraintriptobeA.adventurousB.pleasantC.excitingD.dull
67.WhatdidtheauthorremembermostfondlyofhertraintripA.Thefriendlycountrypeople.B.Themountainsalongtheway.C.Thecrowdsofpeopleinthestreets.D.The______lunchservedonthetrain.
68.Whichofthefollowingwordscanbesttakethepla__oftheword“relish”inthesecondparagraphA.chooseB.enjoyC.prepareforD.carryon
69.WherewasthewritergoingA.JohoreBaru.B.TheCauseway.C.Butterworth.D.Singapore.
70.WhatcanwelearnfromthestoryA.Comfortintr__elingbytrain.B.Pleasureoflivinginthecountry.C.Readinggivespeopledelight.D.__ilesbrightenpeopleup.
四、模拟训练Passage1Thepastagesof__nh__eallbeencarefullylabeled贴标签;被称为byanthropologists人类学家.Descriptionslike“Palaeolithic__n”“Neolithic__n”etc.neatlysumupwholeperiods.Whenthetimecomesforanthropologiststoturntheirattentiontothetwentieth__nturytheywillsurelychoosethelabel“Legless__n”.Historiesofthetimewillgosomethinglikethis:“Inthetwentieth__nturypeopleforgothowtousetheirlegs.Menandwomenmovedaboutincarsbusesandtrainsfromaveryearlyage.Therewereliftsinalllargebuildingstopreventpeoplefromwalking.Thissituationwasfor__duponearthdwellers居住者ofthattimebecauseofmileseachday.Butthesurprisingthingisthattheydidn’tusetheirlegsevenwhentheywentonholiday.Theybuiltcablerailwaysski-liftsandroadstothetopofeveryhugemountain.Allthebeautyspotsonearthweredestroyedbythepresen__oflargecarparks.”Thefuturehistorybooksmightalsorecordthatweweredeprived剥夺oftheuseofoureyes.Inourhurrytogetfromonepla__toanotherwefailedtoseeanythingontheway.Airtr__elgivesyouabird’s-eyeviewoftheworld–orevenlessifthewingoftheaircrafthappenstoblockyourway.Whenyoutr__elbycarortrainauncleari__geofthecountrysideconstantlydirtiesthewindows.Cardriversinparticularareforeverfor__stogoonandon:theyneverwanttostop.IsitthelureofthegreatmotorwaysorwhatAndasforseatr__elithardlydeservesmention.Itisperfectlysummedupinthewordsoftheoldsong:“Ijoinedthen__ytoseetheworldandwhatdidIseeIsawthesea.”Thetypicaltwentieth-__nturytr__eleristhe__nwhoalwayssays“I’vebeenthere.”Youmentiontheremotestmostattractivepla__-namesintheworldlikeElDoradoKabulIrkutskandsomeoneisboundtosay‘I’vebeenthere’—meaning‘Idrovethroughitat100milesanhouronthewaytosomewhereelse.’Whenyoutr__elathighspeedsthepresentmeansnothing:youlive__inlyinthefuturebecauseyouspendmostofyourtimelookingforwardtoarrivingatsomeotherpla__.Butactualarrivalwhenitisreachedismeaningless.Youwanttomoveonagain.Bytr__elinglikethisyoustopallexperien__;thepresentisnolongerareality:youmightjustaswellbedead.Thetr__eleronfootontheotherhandlivesconstantlyinthepresent.Forhimtr__elingandarrivingareoneandthesamething:hearrivessomewherewitheverystephe__kes.Heexperien__sthepresentmomentwithhiseyeshisearsandthewholeofhisbody.Attheendofhisjourneyhefeelsadeliciousphysicaltiredness.Heknowsthatsound.Pleasantsleepwillbehis:therewardofalltruetr__ellers.
1.Anthropologistslabelnowadays“Legless__n”because_________.A.peopleforgethowtousehislegsB.peopleprefercarsbusesandtrainsC.liftspreventpeoplefromwalkingD.therearealotoftransportationdevi__s
2.Whatdoestheunderlinedsenten__“Whenyoutr__elathighspeeds”meanA.people’sfocusonthefutureB.apleasureC.satisfyingdrivers’greatthrillD.ane__ssityoflife
3.Whydoestheauthorsay“wearedeprivedoftheuseofoureyes”inthesecondparagraphA.Peoplewon’tusetheireyesB.Intr__elingathighspeedeyesbecomeuseless.C.Peopleactuallycan’tseeanythingonhiswayoftr__el.D.Peoplewanttosleepduringtr__eling.
4.WhatisthepurposeoftheauthorinwritingthispassageA.Legsbecomeweaker.B.Modernmeansoftransportation__ketheworlda__allpla__.C.Thereisnoneedtouseeyes.D.Thebestwaytotr__elisonfoot.Passage2IWASBORNandraisedintheshadowoftheCapitolinWashingtonD.C.asweremyparentsandmymother’sparents.Ourrowhousewasonatree-linedstreetjustblocksfromthebuildingthatwastheheartofthefederallegislativebranch.WhenIwasachildinthe1940sfriendsandIwouldpackalunchorrideastreetcartotheCapitol.Ifweroller-skatedwehidtheskatesinthebushesintheparkacrossthestreetbeforeenteringthebuilding.IkneweverycorneroftheCapitol.We’dplayhide-and-seekandpretendwesawghostsinthehallsandstairways.Idon’tknowhowwegotawaywithit.Irememberthebeautifulla___s’roomswiththeir__rblefloorsandsinks.IpretendedthatIwasafineladyinthem.InthosedaysyoucouldwalkaroundtheCapitoldome圆顶屋whichwasalittlescaryforme.IlovedthewonderfulpaintingsandstatuesandthesubwayridestotheSenateOfficeBuilding.Itwaslikeanamusementride.IevenusedtositinthegalleryoftheU.S.HouseofRepresentatives—untilIbecameboredwithallthetalkandwentonanotheradventure.WheneverIranupthestepstothehugebronzedoorsoftheRotundaIwouldlookbacktotheworldbelowlikeahero.AssoonasthedoorswereopenedthesenseofhistorysurroundedmeandIknewitwassomepla__special.ThosewereluckydayswhenanAmericancitizencouldwanderintheCapitolandbeapartofhistory.On__warwasdeclaredsomethingschangedinthenation’scapital.Becauseofcon__rnsthatWashingtonmightbeattackedasLondonhadbeeneveryoneprepared.Kidsatmyelementaryschoolworedogtagsandeachofuswasfingerprinted.Myfatherapipeworkerbecameacivildefensewarden民防队员.Duringanairraidhisjobwastoturnoffanyleakinggas.Sin__healwayshadacigaretteinhismouth__ybethatwasnotagoodchoi__buthehadagas__skandflashlighthangingintheraftersofourbasement…the__sklookedlikeamonsterinthe__iling.My15-year-oldbrotherwasajuniorcivildefensewarden.Duringair-raiddrillsheknockedondoorsandaskedpeopletoputouttheirlights.Irememberhugesearchlightsthatcrisscrossedtheskiesduringthedrillslookingforenemyplanes.
1.Fromthepassagewecanunderstandthat________.A.ThewriterattendedthemeetinginHouseofRepresentativeB.Thewriter’sfamilylivedinWashingtonD.C.forgenerationsC.Americancitizenex__ptchildrencouldneverentertheCapitolD.Thewriter’sfatherhadagas__sktopreventhimfrom__oking
2.Whenthewritersaid“IwasbornandraisedintheshadowoftheCapitol”1stparagraphshemostprobablymeantthat________.A.shespentherchildhoodinanareaneartheCapitolB.shegrewupunderthepressureoftheCapitolC.theCapitolhadsomebadinfluen__onmychildhoodD.shewasbornandbroughtupsecretlyintheCapitol
3.By____ingthechildhoodexperien__thepassagesuggeststhat________.A.thewriterisadaughterofamemberofRepresentatives.B.theCapitolusedtobeopentothepublicinhistory.C.LondonwasattackedduringthewaraswellasWashington.D.thewriter’sfatherandbrotherjoinedthearmyduringthewar.
4.Whatisthewriter’sattitudetowardsthethingsthatchangedinthenation’scapitalA.neutralB.positiveC.negativeD.ironicPassage3Miseryandsetbacksarenotalwaysasterribleasonei__gines.Hardtimescanoffernewwaysoflookingatlifethatwouldotherwiseneverbeknown.Andifyouareawriterthiscanbethesour__ofmuchofyoursuc__ss.PopularBritishauthorCharles____ens’1812-1870familycouldhardly__keendsmeet入不敷出.Theycouldonlyaffordtosendoneoftheirsixchildrentoschool.____enswasnotthatchild.Hisparentschosetosendadaughterwhohadatalentformusictoanacademy.Thenattheageof12____ens’lifetookanotherturnfortheworse.Hisfatheraclerkwaspla__dinprisonforunpaiddebts.Andbeingtheoldest__leleftathome____enstookupworkatafactory.Hishorribleexperien__therebecamethefuelforhisfuturewriting.Hisfatherwasfreedthreemonthslaterandinherited继承a__allamountofmoney.____enswasthensenttoschool.From1836to1837hewroteamonthlyseriesofstories.ThusthePickwickPapers《匹克威克外传》cameintobeingwhichbroughtfametothe23-year-old__n.Throughouthiscareer____enscoversvarioussituationsinhisnovels.HewroteaboutthemiserablelivesofthepoorinOliverTwist(《雾都孤儿》)theFrenchRevolutioninATaleofTwoCitiesandsocialreforminHardTimes(《艰难时世》).HealsowroteD__idCopperfield(《大卫·科波菲尔》)abookthoughttobebasedonhisownlife.“Idonotwritebitterlyorangrily:forIknowallthesethingsh__eworkedtogetherto__kemewhatIamheon__said.Hisdifficultchildhooddidindeedshapethepersonhebecameaswellashiswritingcareer.Thereareshadesofyoung____ensin__nyofhismostbelovedcharactersincludingD__idCopperfieldandOliverTwist.Liketheauthorallthesecharacterscomefrompoorbeginningsandareabletoriseabovetheirsetbacksandachievesuc__ss.“Mindslikebo___swilloftenfallintoanill-conditionedstatefromtoomuchcomfort”heon__wrote.OnJune9th1870aged58____ens___dle__ingoneunfinishedwork.Thewordsonhistombstoneread:“Hewasasympathizer同情者tothepoorthesufferingandtheoppressed受__者andbyhisdeathoneofEngland’sgreatestwritersislosttotheworld.”
1.Thebookthatcalledpublicattentionto____enswas______.A.ThePickwickPapersB.OliverTwistC.ATaleofTwoCitiesD.D__idCopperfield
2.Thephrase“shadesof”inboldmeans“_____”.A.variousshapesofB.situationsofC.differentexperien__sD.remindersof
3.Howdid____ensseehischildhoodA.Hefeltgratefulforit.B.Hefeltitapitythatthingsweren’tinhisf__or.C.Helovedwritingaboutit.D.Hechosetoforgetthebitternessaboutit.
4.Fromthestorywecansee____ens’attitudetowardsaneasylifeis______.A.toenjoyitB.tohateitC.nottoindulgein沉湎于itD.toworkhardforitPassage4Peoplewhodrinkalcoholearnmoreattheirjobsthannon-drinkersaccordingtoaUSstudythathighlighted“socialcapital社交资本”gainedfromdrinking.Thestudyconcludedthatdrinkersearn10–14per__ntmorethanteetotalersandthatmenwhodrinksociallybringhomeanadditionalsevenper__ntinpay.“Socialdrinkingbuildssocialcapital”saidEdwardStringhamaneconomicsprofessor“Socialdrinkersareoutgoingbuildingrelationshipsandkeepingincontactswhichresultsinbiggerpaychecks.”Theresearcherssaidthemostlikelyexplanationisthatdrinkersh__eawiderrangeofsocialcontactsthathelpprovidebetterjobandbusinessopportunities.“Drinkers__ybeabletosocializemorewithclientsandco-workersgivingdrinkersanadvantageinimportantrelationships.Drinking__yalsoprovideindividualswithopportunitiestolearnpeoplebusinessandsocialskills.”Theyalsosaidtheseconclusionsprovideargumentsagainstpoliciesaimedatcontrollingalcoholuseinuniversityandpublicpla__s.“Notonlydoanti-alcoholpoliciesredu__drinkers’funbutthey__yalsodecreaseearnings”thestudysaid“Oneoftheconsequen__sofalcoholrestrictionsisthattheypushdrinkingintoprivatebeh__ior.Bypreventingpeoplefromdrinkinginpublicanti-alcoholpoliciesignoresoneofthemostimportantaspectsofdrinking:increasedsocialcapital.”Theresearchersfoundsomedifferen__sintheeconomiceffectsofdrinkingamongmenandwomen.Theyconcludedthatmenwhodrinkearn10per__ntmorethannon-drinkersandwomendrinkersearn14per__ntmorethannon-drinkers.Howeverunlikemenwhogeta7per__ntincomeincreasefromdrinkinginbarswomendrinkerswhovisitbarsfrequentlydonotshowhigherearningsthanthosewhodonotvisitbars.
1.TheunderlinedwordinParagraph2refersto__________A.womendrinkersB.co-workersC.non-drinkersD.men-drinkers
2.What’sthebesttitleofthepassageA.IncomeDifferen__sBetweenDrinkersAndNon-drinkersB.ToBuildSocialCapitalDrink!C.Anti-alcoholPolicyisNotReasonableD.DrinkingHelpsIncreaseIncome
3.What’sNOTtheconsequen__ofanti-alcoholpolicyA.Morepeopledrinkinprivate.B.Therearelessalcoholinuniversities.C.Drinkers’incomeincreasedbecausetheyspendlessmoneyondrinking.D.Drinkersgetlessfunfromdrinking.
4.WhatcanweinferfromtheresultofthestudyA.Tobuildsocialcapitalyouh__enochoi__buttodrink.B.Drinkingisagoodandcommonwaytoincreasesocialcapital.C.Drinkersbuildwidersocialcontacts.D.Drinkers__ybeprovidedmoreopportunities.Passage5Writingbeinglargelyaself-taughtoccupationtextsonhowtogetaboutit—thoughgreatinnumber—seldomareofmuchuse.Youtryandfail.Thentryagain.Untilatlastifyouh__esomegiftforitthefailuresbecomelessfrequentoratanyratelessapparently.Itisthisabilitytocoverupone’sdefectsthatisfinallyregardedasaccomplishmentorachievement.Alongthewaytherearethediscouragementsofunkindcritici__outrightrejectiontroublesomeinsecurityandirregularinabilitytomeetdebts.Itisuncommonthereforetocomeacrossabookcontainingadvi__ofmuchpracticalvalueforanyonetoying漫不经心地考虑withthedangerousideaofstaringonawritinglife.Afriendre__ntlylentmesuchabookhowever—oneIwishI’dhadthelucktoreadyearsagoandwhichIwouldrecommendtoanyyoungpersondevotedto__kingacareerofwords.Itistheautobiography自传oftheEnglishnovelistAnthonyTrollopefirstpublishedin1883theyearafterhisdeath.NeedingsomemeanstosupporthimselfTrollopeatage19workedasajuniorclerkintheBritishpostalservi__.Hewasathisdeskat5:30eachmorningtowriteforthreehours.Andhere__inedinthe__ilservi__33yearslongafterreputationandprosperityhadcometohim.Nowwhatofhisadvi__inhisworks
1.Forsafety’ssakearmyourselfwithsomeotherskillssomeotherlineofworktofallbackon求助.Thatwayfailureatwritingthoughthedisappointment__yappearwillnotmeanruin.
2.Donotdependtoomuchoninspiration.WritingisacraftwhichTrollopecomparedtothecraftofshoe__king.Theshoe__kerwhohasjustturnedoutonepairofhisworksetstoworkimmediatelyonthenextpair.
3.H__eastoryto____butmoreimportantthanthatpeoplewithcharacterswhowillspeakandmoveaslivingcreaturesinthereader’smind.Withoutmemorablecharactersstoryaloneisnothing.
4.Meetyourdeadlines.Lifeisendlessly“painfulandtroublesome”forwriterswhocan’tfinishtheirworkontime.
5.Donotbecarriedawaybypraise.Andabovealldonotbeinjuredbycritici__.
6.Understandtherisksofwritingforaliving.“Thecareerwhensuc__ssfulispleasantenough__rtainly;butwhenunsuc__ssfulitisofallcareersthemostpainful.”
1.Thispassage__inlydiscusses.A.thedifficultiesandrisksof__kingacareerofwordsB.theuselessnessofinstructionscontainedinwritingguidebooksC.theautobiographyofthe19th__nturyEnglishnovelistAnthonyTrollopeD.soundadvi__providedinAnthony.Trollope’sautobiography
2.Fromthecontextwecanfigureoutthattheunderlinedword“defect”inParagraph3means.A.advantageB.faultC.truthD.disadvantage
3.Accordingtotheauthorwriting.A.isbasicallyaself-taughtoccupationandnoinstructionsonhowtodealwithitareofanypracticaluseB.isa“trialanderror”pro__ssanditdoesnotcountwhetheryouh__ethegiftforwritingornotC.foralivingisthemostpleasantofallcareersfullofpraiseandenjoymentD.sometimesprovidesgoodhopesofwinningpublicpraiseandescapingpoverty
4.Fromthepassagewe__yinferthattheauthorismostprobably.A.aninstructorofwritingB.awriterC.aneducatorD.apublisherPassage6Letussaythereissomethingyoudon’tknowhowtodo.Inthepastifyouweredeterminedtolearnyoumighth__ecalledfriendsorrelativestakenanightclassorwalkeddowntothelocallibraryforaresearchterm.Butnowahostofwebsitesarespringinguptoprovidefreepracticaladvi__onthesesu__ectsandactuallyanythingelseyoucanthinkof.Inonesensethese“how-to”sitesrepresentapartofthegrowingworldofonlinelearning.TheseFAQsFrequentAnswersandQuestions__nyofwhichstillcirculategoroundcontinuouslytookaspecialsu__ectandexplainedittocompletenovi__s.But“how-to”sitestaketheFAQideainasomewhatdifferentdirectionbyaddressingsu__ectsthataren’tne__ssarilyassociatedwithdiscussionforums.Thesesitestakethestyleofawrittentutorialandatoneoffriendlyadvi__.Possiblythebiggestandbestknownofthesesitesislearn
2.com___.learn
2.com.Itoffersnearly1000freetutorialsandaddsnewonesfrequentlyforajobinterview.Atehow.com___.ehow.comyoucanlearnhowtotrainforyourfirst__rathonhowtobuyavacationhomeorhowto__keamovieineightsteps.
1.Thepurposeofthepassageisto_________.A.sayhowtolearnnewcoursesbytheInternetB.introdu__newwebsitestocitizensC.helpyoutosolveanydifficultyyoumeetwith.D.bringnewmeanstolearnsomethingnew
2.Theunderlineword“novi__s”probablymeans______.A.peoplewithoutexperien__B.peoplewithrichexperien__C.hostsof“how-to”sitesD.beginnersof“how-to”sites
3.Fromthepassagewe__yguessthat_____.A.“how-to”sitesarespeciallydesignedforthedisabledB.adeafpersoncanteachhimselfathomebyvisiting“how-to”sitesC.itispleasanttolistentotheadvi__on“how-to”sitesD.youcanjustclickyourmouseathometoquestionanything
4.Ifyouh__enotentwhenyoudecidetogocampingyou__y________.A.visitsomesiteelseB.visit___.learn
2.comC.visit___.ehow.comD.gotothetouristcompany。