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新课标中考英语复习——定语从句的考点集汇,讲解和训练【考点扫描】 中考对定语从句的考查主要集中在以下几个方面1.定语从句的功用和结构2.关系代词和关系副词的功用3.各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法考查的主要形式是单项填空、完型填空、短文填空和完成句子阅读理解和书面表达肯定也要用到定语从句【名师精讲】一.定语从句的功用和结构在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句被定从句修饰的词叫做先行词定语从句必须放在先行词之后引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词和关系副词例如Thisisthepresentthathegavemeformybirthday.DoyouknoweverybodywhocametothepartyIstillrememberthenightwhenIfirstcametothevillageThisistheplacewhereChairmanMaooncelived.二.关系代词和关系副词的功用关系代词和关系副词用来引导定于从句,在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用,使二者联系起来关系代词和关系副词又在定语从句中充当一个成分关系待客做主语,宾语,定语,关系副词可作状语
1.作主语关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词的人称和数须和先行词一致例如Idon’tlikepeoplewhotalkmuchbutdolittle.ThecarswhichareproducedinHubeiProvincesellverywell.
2.作宾语SheisthepersonthatImetattheschoolgateyesterday.Thebookthatmygrandmothergavemeiscalled“TheGreatEscape”.
3.作定语关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语用例如What’sthenameoftheyoungmanwhosesisterisadoctorThegirlwhosefatherisateacherstudiesveryhard.
4.作状语I’llneverforgetthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing.ThisisthehousewhereIwasborn.三.各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法
1.who指人,在定语从句中作主语例如Thepersonwhobrokethewindowmustpayforit.Theboywhoiswearingtheblackjacketisveryclever.
2.whom指人,在定语从句中作宾语例如Doyouknowtheyoungmanwhomwemetatthegate?MrLeewhomyouwanttoseehascome.
3.whose指人,在定语从句中作定语例如Thegirlwhosemotherisillisstayingathometoday.Iknowtheboywhosefatherisaprofessor.
4.which指物,在定语从中作主语或宾语例如 Adictionaryisabookwhichgivesthemeaningofwords.Hereisthebookwhichtheteachermentionedyesterday.
5.that多指物,有时也指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语例如I’vereadthenewspaperthatwhichcarriestheimportantnews.Whoisthepersonthatisreadingthenewspaperoverthere
6.when指时间,在定语从句中作状语例如I’llneverforgetthetimewhenweworkedonthefarm.HearrivedinBeijingonthedaywhenIleft
7.where指地点,在定语从句中作状语例如Thisisthehousewherewelivedlastyear.Thefactorywherehisfatherworksisintheeastofthecity.四.关系代词whom,which在定语从句中作介词宾语时,可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间,有时为了关系紧凑也可以将whom与which与先行词紧挨着书写,而将介词置于定语从句的后面,如Thatwastheroominwhichwehadlivedfortenyears.=Thatwastheroom whichwehadlivedinfortenyears.五.具体使用时还要注意下列问题
1.只能使用that不用which的情况1先行词是allfewlittlenothingeverythinganything等不定代词时例如Allthathesaidistrue.2先行词被onlynoanyall等词修饰时例如Heistheonlyforeignerthathasbeentothatplace.3先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词例如 Hewasthesecondpersonthattoldmethesecret. 4先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词 ThisisthebestbookthatIhavereadthisyear. 5先行词既包括人又包括物时例如 Hetalkedaboutthepeopleandthethingsheremembered.
2.只能用which,不用that的情况 1在非限制性定语从中例如 Themeetingwasputoffwhichwasexactlywhatwewanted. 2定语从句由介词+关系代词引导,先行词是物时例如 Thethingaboutwhichheistalkingisofgreatimportance. 【中考范例】
1.2004年哈尔滨中考试题 ---Doestheteacherknoweverybody_______plantedthetrees ---Yeshedoes. A.whichB.whoseC.whereD.who 【解析】答案D该题考查的是引导定语从句的关系代词的选择因为先行词是人,而关系代词又在定语从句中作主语,所以只有who合适
2.2004年常州市中考试题 Theletter_______Ireceivedfromhimyesterdayisveryimportant. A.whoB.whereC.whatD.that 【解析】答案D该题考查的是定语从句的关系代词的选择因为先行词是物,而关系代词在定语从句中作宾语,所以只有that合适
3.2004年扬州市中考试题 ---Whereisthescientist________gaveusthetalkyesterday ---HehasgonebacktoQinghuaUniversity. A.whomB.whoC.whoseD.which 【解析】答案B该题考查的是引导定语从句的关系代词的选择因为先行词是人,而关系代词又在定语从句中作主语,所以只有who合适
4.2004年益阳市中考试题 Ihatepeople_______talkmuchbutdolittle. A.whoseB.whomC.whichD.who 【解析】答案D该题考查的是引导定语从句的关系代词的选择因为先行词是人,而关系代词又在定语从句中作主语,所以只有who合适 【满分演练】 一.单项填空
1.---Whoistheman_______wastalkingtoourEnglishteacher ---Oh!It’sMrBakerourmathsteacher. A.heB.thatC.whomD.which
2.Ihatethepeople________don’thelpotherswhentheyareintrouble. A.whoB.whichC.theyD.where
3.Theforeigner_________visitedourschoolisfromCanada. A.whichB.whenC.whoD.whom
4.GeorgeMallorywasanEnglishschoolteacher_______lovedclimbing. A.whoB.whomC.heD.which
5.Thisistheplace_____Ihaveevervisited. A.thereB.whenC.whereD.which
6.Nobodyknowsthereason______shedidn’tcometothemeeting. A.thatB.whichC.whyD.when
7.Themoonisaworld______thereisnolife. A.thatB.whichC.whereD.why
8.Hehasforgottentheday_______hearrived. A.whenB.whereC.thatD.which
9.Hestillremembersthedays______hespentwithyourfamily. A.whenB.whereC.thatD.onwhich
10.Mr.White______carhadbeenstolencametothepoliceman. A.whoB.thatC.whoseD.which
11.Hegottothevillage_______hisfamilyoncelivedbeforeliberation. A.thatB.whichC.whenD.where
12.Thisisthehouse_______Iwanttobuy. A.inwhichB.thatC.whoseD.where。