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语法系列复习专题-----动词时态,被动语态
一、一般现在时
1.一般现在时表示经常发生、习惯性动作、客观真理、科学事实、格言,目前的特征、状态、能力等
2.主句是一般将来时时间、条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来如 I´llgothereafterIfinishmywork./IfitrainstomorrowIwon´tgothere.
3.在以herethere开头的句子里,gocome等少数动词的一般在时表示正在发生的动作例如Theregoesthebell.铃响了Therecomesthebus.汽车来了Hereshecomes.她来了
二、现在进行时
1.表示正在进行的动作
2.表示按计划安排即将发生的动作例如SheisleavingforBeijing.她要去北京Heisworkingasateachertomorrow.从明天起他要做老师MyfatheriscomingtoseemethisSaturday.这个星期六我爸爸要来看我
3.代替一般现在时,描绘更加生动例如TheChangjiangRiverisflowingintotheeast.江水滚滚向东流Thesunisrisingintheeast.太阳从东方冉冉升起
4.大多数动词可用于进行时,但也有些动词不用于进行时常见的有existliveunderstandmeanowebelongtoknowdoubtsupposerememberforgetbelievetrustwantwishrefuselikehatedislikeprefermindhope等
三、现在完成时
1.表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果,或说话时已完成的动作例如Ihavefinishedthereport./Shehascleandtheroom.
2.表示从过去开始,待续到现在的动作或状态,往往和“for…”“since…”表述的一段时间状语连用例如HehaslearnedEnglishforsixyears./Theyhaveworkedheresincetheyleftcollege.
3.现在完成时与一般过去时的区别 1)用两种时态来表述发生在过去的某一动作,现在完成时强调这一过去动作对现在产生的影响或结果,而一般过去时只表达过去的动作或状态,和现在关系不大例如Shehascleanedtheroom.It´sverycleannow.此句hascleaned就不能改为cleaned.一是因为cleaned与现状无关,二是因为一般过去时不可突然跳到It´s…这样的一般现在时 2)汉语中的“了”、“过”、“曾”等词常用完成表达,如Ihaveseenthatfilm.(我看过那部电影了)但是如果是在特定的过去时间“看了”、“做过”,就不可用完成时而必须用一般过去进来表达例如WhendidyouseethatfilmIsawityesterday.你什么时候看了那部电影?我昨天看的不能说WhenhaveyouseenthatfilmIhaveseenityesterday.
4.表示“曾经到过某地(人已回来)”用“have/hasbeento”表示“到某地去了(还未回来)”用“have/hasgoneto”.例如——WhereisLiHua-Hehasgonetothereading-room.——SheknowsalotaboutShanghai.-Shehasbeenthere.
5.短暂动词(即瞬间动词),joinlosebuyborrowleavegocomearrivediemarryfinishcompletebeginstartbreakout等,在完成时态中,其肯定式不能和表示一段时间的状语连用例如不能说Hehasfinishedtheworkforthreehours.要翻译“他已完成工作三小时了”可采用1)“ago法”Hefinishedtheworkthreehoursago.2)“延续法”Hehasbeenthroughwiththeworkforthreehours.3)“since法”Itis/hasbeenthreehourssincehefinishedthework.
四、现在完成进行时
1.用来表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在(或今后还要继续一去)的动作例如Hehasbeendoingthemathsproblemssince8:
00./Ithasbeenrainingfortwodays.
2.凡是不能用于现在进行时的动词均不能用于现成完成进行时
五、一般过去时 表达特定的过去时间内发生的动作或存在的状况,或过去某一时间内经常发生或反复发生的动作或行为
六、过去进行时
1.表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作(这一过去时间须用时间状语表示)例如Hewaspreparinghislecturealldayyesterday.
2.表示动作在另一过去动作发生时进行例如TheywerestillworkingwhenIleft.
3.用在两个过去进行时动作同时发生例如IwaswritingwhilehewaswatchingTV.
4.表示过去将来动作例如Hesaidshewasarrivingthenextday.
七、过去完成时
1.表示在过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作例如Hehadshutthedoorbeforethedogcameup./Everythinghadbeenallrightuptillthismorning.
2.表示动作或状态从过去某个时刻开始一直延续到另一个过去时刻才完成,甚至还要继续下去例如Attheageoftenhehadlearned500Englishwords.Hehadbeenillforaweekwhenwelearnedaboutit.
3.常用hopeexpectthinkintendwantsuppose等动词的过去完成时来表示未实现的希望、打算或意图例如Wehadexpectedthatyouwouldbeabletowinthematch.
八、一般将来时 一般将来时表示将来要发生的动作和存在的状况有下列一些形式
1.will/shalldo(侧重将来行为,不突出计划安排去做某事)
2.begoingtodo主观上打算或客观上可能发生
3.bedoing按计划将要发生,常和表示最近的将来时间连用
4.beabouttodo按计划即将发生
九、将来完成时 用来表示在将来某个时刻(前)将完成的动作常和by短语,whenbefore引起的时间状语连用例如WewillhavefinishedseniorBook2bytheendofthisterm.时态考点分析1.——CanIjoinyourclubdad ——Youcanwhenyou______abitolder. NMET A.get B.willget C.aregetting D.willhavegot析“Youcan”是将来意,when引导的时间状语从句要用一般现在时表将来所以此题答案为A.2.——Ohit’syou!I______you. ——I’vejusthadmyhaircutandI’mwearingnewglasses. A.didn’trecognize B.hadn’trecognized C.haven’trecognized D.don’trecongnize 析从“Ohit’syou!”可知说话时已认出对方“没有认出”是在此之前为过去情况,所以应选A.
3.Idon’tthinkJimsawme;he______intospace. NMET A.juststared B.wasjuststaring C.hasjuststared D.hadjuststared析在空白处应选一个与“saw”相配,能解释Jimdidn’tseeme这一原因的选项,只有着眼于A、B若选A不能体观他“当时正在做”某事,故排除A而选B这样因为“他正在望宇宙天空”所以“未看到我”
4.——______myglasses ——YesIsawthemonyourbedaminuteago. NMET A.Doyousee B.Hadyouseen C.Wouldyousee D.Haveyouseen析现在完成时可表过去发生的事情对现在产生的影响或结果,问话人以这样的时态发问可作现焦急的心情故答案为D
5.Youdon’tneedtodescribeher.I______herseveraltimes. NMET A.hadmet B.havemet C.met D.meet析答案B道理同
46.——Doyouknowourtownatall ——NothisisthefirsttimeI______here. A.was B.havebeen C.came D.amgoing析根据this/itisthefirst/second/…timesb.hasdonesth.句型,可定答案为B又如ThisisthesecondtimehehasvisitedtheGreatWall.
7.Idon’treallyworkhere.I______untilthenewsecretaryarrives. NMET A.justhelpout B.havejusthelpedout C.amjusthelpingout D.willjusthelpout析根据Idon´treallyworkhere.以及…untilthenewsecretaryarrives可知说话人所要做的事是计划安排行为,C、D两个选项都表将来动作,但D非计划安排,C则体现按计划去做,所以此题答案为C
8.——Isthisraincoatyours ——Nomine______therebehindthedoor. NMET A.ishanging B.hashung C.hangs D.hung析此题的“悬挂”是指现状而言,故表过去“挂”的B、D项可排除C项虽指“现在挂”,但侧重在常规,习惯为了突出“你所指的那件雨衣不是我的,我的正挂在门后”这一意思,选A是极为合情理的被动语态
一、被动语态的句型
1.常见句式是主语(受动者)+be+过去分词+(by+施动者) 例如HewasscoldedbytheEnglishteacher.
2.主语+get+过去分词+其它成分例如Theboygotdrownedlastsummer./Shegotfiredbecauseofherfaults.注意使用这种结构不能带有“by+施动者”
3.带有双宾语(直接宾语和间接宾语)的主动句变为动句,其主语可以是直接宾语,也可以是间接宾语例如Shelentmeabike.被动1)Iwaslentabikebyher.2)Abikewaslenttomebyher.
4.情态动词+be+过去分词例如Thisproblemmustbeworkedoutinhalfanhour.
5.双重被动式主语+被动式谓语+不定式的被动式+其它成分例如;Thesemagazinesarenotallowedtobetakenoutofthereading-room./Themurdererwasorderedtobeshot.
二、主动表示被动的几种情况
1.不及物动词与状语连用,用以表示主语的品质和状态常见动词是cutsellreadwritefillcooklockwashdrivekeep等例如Thisknifecutswell.这把刀好切Thesebookssellwell.这些书好卖Thepenwritessmoothly.这支笔写起来流畅Meatwon´tkeeplonginsuchhotweather.肉在这样热的天气里放不长久Theclothwasheswell.这种布好洗
2.一些连系动词的主动式+形容词常见动looksmelltastesoundfeelproveturnout等例如Theapplestastegood./Theflowersmellswonderful./Thenewsproved/turnedouttrue./Cottonfeelssoft.注prove也可用于被动式,如Hisanswerwasprovedright.
3.不定式在某些形容词之后,且与主语有动宾关系常见形容词有harddefficulteasyheavyfitgoodcomfortableconvenientimpossible等例如Theproblemiseasytodo./Thequestionisdifficulttoanswer./Theboxisheavytocarry./Theprojectisimpossibletocompleteinayear.比较Theproblemistobedone./Thequestionistobeanswered.没有形容词时,虽然不定式与主语是动宾关系,但必须用被动式
三、容易误用被动语态的几种情况
1.IteachmyselfFrench.不可变为MyselfistaughtFrench.因为反身代词不可作主语
2.Wehelpeachother/oneanother.不可变为Eachother/Oneanotherishelpedbyus.因为相互代词不可作主语
3.Helostheart.不可变为Heartwaslostbyhim.因为象loseheartmakeafacekeepsilenceloseinthought这类动宾结构的固定短语只能用于主动式,不能用被动式
4.Shetookpartinthesportsmeet.不能变为Thesportsmeetwastakenpartinbyher.因为象takepartinbelongtoownhavehatefailcontain等表状态动词没有被动语态被动语态考点分析
1.Ineedonemorestampbeforemycollection______. NMET A.hascompleted B.completes C.hasbeencompleted D.iscompleted析complete是及物动词,“邮集”是被人完成的,须从表被动意的C、D中选择又因before等引导的时间状语从句中谓语要用一般现在时表将来,所以此题答案为D
2.——Doyoulikethematerial ——Yesit______verysoft. NMET A.isfeeling B.felt C.feels D.isfelt析观察题干,空白线后无宾语,可知feel是不及物动词,表“(某物)摸起来…”意思是连系动词,不能用于被动式,也不用进行时根据此题对话情景,是指某种材料的常规特性,要用一般现在时,不能用过去时,故答案为Cfeel作“感觉”、“认为”、“摸”等意时是及物动词,可带宾语,有时态,语态等变化 3.Greatchanges______inthecityandalotoffactories______. NMET A.havebeentakenplace…havebeensetup B.havetakenplace…havebeensetup C.havetakenplace…havesetup D.weretakenplace…weresetup析takeplace(发生)是不及物动词,不可用于被动语态,于是可排除A、D,又因setup建造是及物动词,在此题中应该用被动式,故排除C,答案为B
4.Mostoftheartists______tothepartywerefromSouthAfrica. NMET A.invited B.toinvite C.beinginvited D.hadbeeninvited析首先可排除B因为它不表示“被邀请”又因D项少引导词who,也应排除A项=whowereinvitedC项=whowerebeinginvited由象invite这类短暂动词的现在分词被动式不可作后置定语,故也应排除因而可定答案为A
5.Idon´tknowtherestaurantbutit´s______tobequiteagoodone.NMET A.said B.told C.spoken D.talked析根据“某人/某物据说…”英文句式为“sb/sth.issaid…”可定答案为A又如Heissaidtobeacleverboy.据说他是一个聪明的男孩
6.Thepolicefoundthatthehouse______andalotofthings______.NMET A.hasbrokeninto…hasbeenstolen B.hasbrokeninto…hadbeenstolenC.hasbeenbrokeninto…stolen D.hadbeenbrokeninto…stolen析“房屋被人闯入”,“东西被偷”都是被动语态,故可排除A、B因C项中的hasbeenbrokeninto不能置于found之后,则答案只能是D
7.Ipromisethatthematterwill______. NMET A.betadencare B.betakencareof C.takecare D.takecareof析takecareof…是固定短语,若无of则不可带宾语,只能跟that从句所以此题答案为B
8.Ifcitynoises______fromincreasingpeople____shouttobeheardevenatthedinnertable20yearsfromnow. NMET A.arenotkept…willhaveto B.arenotkept…haveto C.donotkeep…willhaveto D.donotkeep…haveto析观察题干,第一处必须用被动式,答案只能在A、B中选一条件句用一般现在时,主句应为一般将来时,故答案为A
9.TheOlympicGames____in776BCdidnotincludewomenplayersuntil
1912.NMET A.firstplaying B.tobefirstplayed C.firstplayed D.tobefirstplaying析;要表达“被举行”,只能在B、C中选B意“将要首次举行”显然不合in776BC这一过去时间,只有C,firstplayed=whichwasfirstplayed才合用故答案为C
10.Thissentenceneeds______. A.aimprovement B.improve C.improving D.improved析初看此题似手A、C皆可,但improvement是元音开头词,其前要用an故排除need作实义动词,和requirewant一样,后面可跟doing或tobedone表“需要被…”意如Thedoorneeds/wants/requirespainting/tobepainted.这扇门需要漆一下
11.IshouldverymuchliketohavegonetothepartybutI______invited. A.amnot B.haven´tbeen C.wasnot D.willnotbe析should/wouldliketohavedonesth.意“本想做某事”,例如Ishouldliketohaveseenthefilmbutitwasn´tpossible.由于这种句式表示“过去想”,所以but后的句子也应该是过去时态与之相配合,故此题答案是C
12.——______thenote______toMrSmith ——NoItisstillinmypocket.A.Is…beinggiven B.Was…given C.Has…beengiven D.Hasn´t…beengiven析根据问句与答句,问话人显然是注重结果,故要用现在完成时似乎D作为反诘句“难道条还没给史密斯先生吗?”也成立,但若是这种口气发问,答话人就应答“Sorry.Itisstillinmypocket.”所以此题答案应为C
13.Weheardit______thathehadgonetoNewYork. A.say B.said C.tosay D.besaid析Itwassaidthat…可以改为Wehearditsaidthat…都表示“据说…”之意前一种说法中It是形式主语,后一种说法中it是形式宾语故此题答案为B动词时态、语态专练
1.Themathsproblemcanbe______. A.easyworkedout B.easytobeworkedout C.easilyworkedout D.easilytoworkout
2.Everypossiblemeans______butnoneprovessuccessful. A.hasbeentried B.tried C.isbeingtried D.hastried
3.Thegirlisto______arichman. A.marrywith B.bemarried C.marryto D.bemarriedto
4.Hereceivedatelegramthat______“Mothersick”. A.wrote B.says C.reads D.read
5.Whocanyouimagine______tohisweddingparty A.inviting B.beinginvited C.wasinvited D.tobeinvited
6.I______tenminutestodecidewhetherIshouldrejecttheoffer.NMET A.gave B.wasgiven C.wasgiving D.hadgiven
7.——WillsomebodygoandgetDr.White ——He´salreadybeen______.NMET A.askedfor B.sentfor C.calledfor D.lookedfor
8.Aconductor______tokeepusintimeinthesingingyesterday. A.needs B.isneeding C.wasneeded D.hasbeenneeded
9.Whenandwheretobuildthenewfactory______yet. A.isnotdecided B.arenotdecided C.hasnotdecided D.havenotdecided
10.Ways______tostoppollutionbynow. A.mustfind B.willbefound C.arefound D.havebeenfound
11.Idon´twantanything______aboutit. A.tosay B.said C.saying D.havingsaid
12.——______thatthesportsmeetmightbeputoff. ——Yesitalldependsontheweather. A.I´vebeentold B.I´vetold C.I´mtold D.Itold
13.Alibrarywithfivethousandbooks______tothenationasagift.NMET A.isoffered B.hasoffered C.areoffered D.haveoffered
14.Bettyhasneverbeenheard_______illofothers. A.speak B.spoken C.tospeak D.wassaid
15.Tom______tohavedeliveredthespeechintheirtheatreroom. A.said B.says C.issaid D.wassaid
16.——Whatdoyouthinkofthebook ——Ohexcellent.It´sworth______asecondtime.NMET A.toread B.toberead C.reading D.beingread
17.LittleJimshouldlove______tothetheatrethisevening.NMET A.tobetaken B.totake C.beingtaken D.taking.
18.______moreattentionthetreescouldhavegrownbetter.NMET A.Given B.togive C.Giving D.Havinggiven
19.——where______thebookIcan’tseeitanywhere. ——I______itrightherebutnowit’sgone. A.didyouput;haveput B.haveyouput;put C.hadyouput;wasputting D.wereyouputting;haveput
20.Hewouldnotfailsolongashe______hardthenextterm. A.studied B.wouldstudy C.hadstudied D.studies
21.Howlong______theEnglishparty______ A.has;beenlasted B.did;last C.was;lasted D.will;belasted
22.What______you______thistimenextFriday A.will;do B.have;beendoing C.are;doing D.will;bedoing
23.Hardly______thebell______whentheteachercamein. A.did;ring B.would;ring C.has;rung D.had;rung
24.It______andthestreetswerestillwet. A.hadbeenraining B.rained C.hadbeenrained D.wouldrain
25.Thebook____onthegroundfortenminutesbutnonoehaspickeditup. A.islying B.haslain C.lay D.hasbeenlying
26.We______therewhenit______torain. A.weregetting;wouldbegin B.wereabouttoget;began C.hadgot;hadbegun D.wouldget;began
27.Theteachersaidwe______tenlessonsbytheendofthisterm. A.shouldhavestudied B.weregoingtostudy C.havestudied D.shouldstudy
28.——shetoldmeshehadmetyouinLondonlastyear. ——______you______hersince A.Had;met B.Did;see C.Would;meet D.Have;seen
29.——When______again ——Whenhe______I’llletyouknow. A.willhecome;willcome B.willhecome;come C.hecomes;comes D.willhecome;comes
30.Tom______formorethanaweek. A.hasleft B.hadgoneaway C.wentaway D.hasbeenaway
31.——Whathappenedtoherteeth ——She______theapplemorethanshecouldchew. A.hasbitten B.bit C.hadbeenbitting D.bites
32.Shakespearewassaid______37famousplaysinhislifetime. A.finishingwriting B.tofinishwriting C.havingwritten D.tohavewritten
33.——You’veagreedtogo.Sowhyaren’tyougettingready ——ButI______thatyou______metostartatonce. A.don’trealize;want B.don’trealize;wanted C.haven’trealized;want D.didn’trealize;wanted
34.——Imissedthelecturelastnight. ——Ohwhatapity!Iwish______. A.youhearedit B.youhadheardit C.youneverheardit D.youhadn’theardit
35.I’llreturnthebooktothelibraryassoonasI______it. A.finished B.amgoingtofinish C.willfinish D.havefinished
36.——YourphonenumberagainI______quitecatchit. ——It’s
9586442.NMET A.didn’t B.couldn’t C.don’t D.can’t
37.——I’msorrytokeepyouwaiting. ——Ohnotatall.I______hereonlyafewminutes. A.havebeen B.hadbeen C.was D.willbe
38.WhenIwasatcollege.I______threeforeignlanguagesbutI______allexceptafewwordsofeach. A.spoke;hadforgotten B.spoke;haveforgotten C.hadspoedn;hadforgotten D.hadspoken;haveforgotten
39.Thenewsecretaryissupposedtoreporttothemanagerassoonasshe______. A.willarrive B.arrives C.isgoingtoarrive D.isarrivingNMET
40.——WhoisJerryCooper ——______Isawyoushakinghandswithhimatthemeeting.NMET A.Don’tyoumeethimyet B.Hadn’tyoumethimyet C.Didn’tyoumeethimyet D.Haven’tyoumethimyet
41.——Wecouldhavewalkedtothestation.Itwassonear. ——Yesataxi______atallnecessary.NMET A.wasn’t B.hadn’tbeen C.wouldn’tbe D.won’tbe
42.Wehaven’theardfromJaneforalongtime.Whatdoyousuppose______toherNEMT A.washappening B.tohappen C.hashaqqend D.havinghappened
43.OnSaturdayafternoonMrsGreenwenttothemarket______somebananasandvisitedhercousin.NMET A.bought B.buying C.tobuy D.buy
44.Asshe______thenewspaperGranny______asleep.NMET A.read;wasfalling B.wasreading;fell C.wasreading;wasfalling D.read;fell
45.I______thebadcoldforaweekstillIcan’tgetridofit. A.caught B.havecaught C.have D.havehad
46.I______thetime______soquickly. A.didn’trealize;hadpassed B.don’trealize;passed C.haven’trealized;passed D.hadn’trealized;hadpassed
47.——Mywatch______twelveo’clock.It’ssolate.——Let’shurryup. A.issaid B.says C.istold D.tells
48.Helen______herkeyintheofficesoshehadtowaitherhusband_____home.NMETA.hasleft;comes B.left;hadcome C.hadleft;came D.hadleft;wouldcome
49.ThepenI______I______isonmydeskrightundermynose.NMET A.think;lost B.thought;hadlost C.think;hadlost D.thought;havelost
50.——Janehasjustarrived.——Ididn’tknowshe______. A.iscoming B.wascoming C.hadbeencoming D.willcome动词时态、语态专练答案1-5 CADDC 6-10 BBCAD 11-15 BAACC 16-20 CAABA21-25 BDDAD 26-30BADDD 31-35 BDDBD 36-40 AABBD41-45 ACABD 46-50ABCBB 。