还剩3页未读,继续阅读
文本内容:
2015年12月英语四级真题卷二——长篇阅读SectionB Directions:Inthissectionyouaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet
2. Joy:ASubjectSchoolsLack Becomingeducatedshouldnotrequiregivinguppleasure. AWhenJonathanSwiftproposedin1729thatthepeopleofIrelandeattheirchildrenheinsisteditwouldsolvethreeproblemsatonce:feedthehungrymassesreducethepopulationduringaseveredepressionandstimulatetherestaurantbusiness.Evenasasatire讽刺itseemsdisgustingandshockinginAmericawithitschild-centeredculture.Butactuallythecountryisclosertohisproposalthanyoumightthink. BIfyouspendmuchtimewitheducatorsandpolicymakersyou’llhearalotofthefollowingwords:“standards”“results”“skills”“self-control”“accountability”andsoon.Ihavevisitedsomeofthenewersupposedly“effective”schoolswherechildrenshoutslogansinordertoleanself-controlormuststandbehindtheirdeskwhentheycan’tsitstill. CAlookatwhatgoesininmostclassroomsthesedaysmakesitabundantlyclearthatwhenpeoplethinkabouteducationtheyarenotthinkingaboutwhatitfeelsliketobeachildorwhatmakeschildhoodanimportantandvaluablestageoflifeinitsownright. DI’mamotherofthreeateacherandadevelopmentalpsychologist.SoI’vewatchedalotofchildren-talkingplayingarguingeatingstudyingandbeingyoung.Here’swhatI’vecometounderstand.Thethingthatsetschildrenapartfromadultsisnottheirignorancenortheirlackofskills.It’stheirenormouscapacityforjoy.Thinkofa3-year-oldlostinthepleasuresoffindingoutwhathecanandcannotsinkinthebathtuba5-year-oldbesideherselfwiththethrillofputtingtogetherstringsofnonsensicalwordswithherbestfriendsoran11-year-oldcompletelyabsorbedinafascinatingcomicstrip.Achild’sabilitytobecomedeeplyabsorbedinsomethingandderiveintensepleasurefromthatabsorptionissomethingadultsspendtherestoftheirlivestryingtoreturnto.EAfriendtoldmethefollowingstory.Onedaywhenhewenttogethis7-year-oldsonfromsoccerpracticehiskidgreetedhimwithadowncastfaceandasadvoice.Thecoachhadcriticizedhimfornotfocusingonhissoccerdrills.Thelittleboywalkedoutoftheschoolwithhisheadandshouldershangingdown.Heseemedwrappedinsadness.Butjustbeforehereachedthecardoorhesuddenlystoppedcrouching蹲伏downtopeeratsomethingonthesidewalk.Hisfacewentdownlowerandlowerandthenwithcompletejoyhecalledout“Dad.Comehere.ThisisthestrangestbugI’veeverseen.Ithaslikeamillionlegs.Lookatthis.It’samazing.”Helookedupathisfatherhisfeaturesoverflowingwithallthoselegs.Thisisthecoolestever.”为保证文档内容安全保密,以下内容字体颜色均为白色,下载后请通过设置字体颜色(为黑色)进行浏览编辑请您理解,谢谢! FThetraditionalviewofsuchmomentsisthattheyconstituteacharmingbutirrelevantbyproductofyouth——somethingtobepushedasidetomakeroomformoreimportantqualitieslikeperseverance坚持不懈obligationandpracticality.Yetmomentslikethisonearejustthekindofintenseabsorptionandpleasureadultsspendtherestoftheirlivesseeking.Humanlivesaregovernedbythedesiretoexperiencejoy.Becomingeducatedshouldnotrequiregivingupjoybutratherleadtofindingjoyinnewkindsofthings:readingnovelsinsteadofplayingwithsmallfiguresconductingexperimentsinsteadofsinkingcupsinthebathtubanddebatingseriousissuesratherthanstringingtogethernonsensewordsforexample.Insomecasesschoolsshouldhelpchildrenfindnewmoregrown-upwaysofdoingthesamethingsthatareconstantsourcesofjoy:makingartmakingfriendsmakingdecisions. GBuildingonachild’sabilitytofeeljoyratherthanpushingitasidewouldn’tbethathard.Itwouldjustrequireashiftintheeducationworld’smindset思维模式.InsteadoftryingtogetchildrentoworkhardwhynotfocusongettingthemtotakepleasureinmeaningfulproductiveactivitylikemarkingthingsworkingwithothersexploringideasandsolvingproblemsThesefocusesarenotsodifferentfromthethingsinwhichtheydelight. HBeforeyoubrushthisargumentasideasrubbishorthinkofjoyasanunaffordableluxuryinanationwherethereisawfulpovertylowacademicachievementandhighdropoutratesthinkagain.Themorehorribletheschoolcircumstancesthemoreimportantpleasureistoachievinganyeducationalsuccess. IManyoftheassignmentsandrulesteacherscomeupwithoftenbecausetheyarepressuredbytheiradministratorstreatpleasureandjoyastheenemiesofcompetenceandresponsibility.Theassumptionisthatchildrenshouldn’tchatintheclassroombecauseithindershardwork;insteadtheyshouldlearntodelaygratification快乐sothattheycanpursueabstractgoalslikegoingtocollege. JNotonlyisthisaboringandawfulwaytotreatchildrenitmakesnosenseeducationally.Decadesofresearchhaveshownthatinordertoacquireskillsandrealknowledgeinschoolkidsneedtowanttolearn.Youcanforceachildtostayinhisorherseatfilloutaworksheetorpracticedivision.Butyoucan’tforcethechildtothinkcarefullyenjoybooksdigestcomplexinformationordevelopatasteforlearning.Tomakethathappenyouhavetohelpthechildfindpleasureinlearning——toseeschoolasasourceofjoy. KAdultstendtotalkaboutlearningasifitweremedicine;unpleasantbutnecessaryandgoodforyou.Whynotinsteadthinkoflearningasifitwerefood——somethingsovaluabletohumansthattheyhaveevolvedtoexperienceitasapleasure 注意此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答
46.Itwillnotbedifficulttomakelearningasourceofjoyifeducatorschangetheirwayofthinking.
47.Whatdistinguisheschildrenfromadultsistheirstrongabilitytoderivejoyfromwhattheyaredoing.
48.ChildreninAmericaarebeingtreatedwithshockingcruelty.
49.Itishumannaturetoseekjoyinlife.
50.Grown-upsarelikelytothinkthatlearningtochildreniswhatmedicineistopatients.
51.Badschoolconditionsmakeitallthemoreimportanttoturnlearningintoajoyfulexperience.
52.Adultsdonotconsiderchildren’sfeelingwhenitcomestoeducation.
53.Administratorsseemtobelievethatonlyhardworkwillleadchildrentotheireducationalgoals.
54.Intheso-called“effective”schoolschildrenaretaughtself-controlunderasetofstrictrules.
55.Tomakelearningeffectiveeducatorshavetoensurethatchildrenwanttolearn.第5页共5页。