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2009—2010学年第 一学期《美国文学》期末考试试卷(A卷) 适用班级 考试时间120 分钟 学院 班级 学号 姓名 题号一二三四五六七八九十总分分数得分 Ⅰ.ChooseTENofthefollowingworksandwritethenamesoftheauthors.10%
1.Octopus
2.MaggieAGirloftheStreets
3.Babbitt
4.WhiteFang
5.“LegendofSleepyHollow”
6.MyAntonia
7.“Birches”
8.PoorRichard’sAlmanac
9.LightinAugust
10.TwiceToldTales
11.TheDeclarationofIndependence
12.“RipVanWinkle”
13.Nature
14.TheSongofHiawatha
15.UncleTom’sCabin
16.TheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn
17.SisterCarrie
18.TheWasteLand
19.ForWhomtheBellTollsTheEmperorJones得分 Ⅱ.ChooseFIVEofthefollowingandfillintheblanks.10%
1._________________________wasoneofthefoundersoftheJamestowncolonyinVirginiain1607andisknownforhisworkdescribingthecolonies.
2.__________________________wasadeterminedrevolutionarywhoseworkhelpedthecauseoftheAmericanRevolutionconsiderablybutwholosthispopularitylongbeforehisdeath.
3.Theterm referstothegroupofpeoplesomeofthemimportanttoAmericanliteratureespeciallysecularessaywritingwholedtheAmericanRevolutionandhelpedcreatetheearlyAmericanRepublic.
4.________________________wasanearlyformofhorrorfictionthatoriginatedin18thcenturyEuropeandwasverypopularinAmericaduringtheRomanticPeriod.
5._____________________________knownforherdeeplypersonalpoemsandradicallydifferentpoeticthemesandformdidn’tachievefameasapoetuntillongafterherdeath.
6.ThefirstofAmericanliteraturewasnotwrittenbyanAmericanbutby___________________aBritishcaptainwhothusbecamethefirstAmericanwriter.
7._________________hasbeenentitledthe“FatherofAmericanPoetry.
8._______________________wasthefirstgreatprosestylistofAmericanromanticismauthorofthefirstAmericanshortstoriesandfamiliaressaysthefirstAmericanauthortoachieveinternationaldistinctionandhasasignificantpositioninthehistoryofAmericanliterature.
9._____________________isthefirstAmericanprofessionalwriterandthefirstwriterofthedetectivestoryintheworld.
10._______________________isalsocallednoveloftheroaditstringstheincidentsonthelineofthehero’stravel.得分 Ⅲ.Chooseonlyoneanswerformthefourchoicesasthemostappropriateanswer. 30%
1. AnneBradstreetwasaPuritanpoet.WhenherpoemswerepublishedinEnglandshebecameknowasthe“______”whoappearedinAmerica. A NinthMuse B TenthMuse C BestMuse D FirstMuse
2. ______isthesometimesexaggerateduseoflocallanguagecharactersandcustomsinregionalliterature. A purpleprose B waste-landimagery C localcolor D symbolism
3. ThefirstgreatflourishingofAfricanAmericanliteraturethatappealedtoarelativelylargeliterateBlackreadershipwasknownas_____. A TheHolocaust B TheHarlemRenaissance C Abolitionism D TheCivilRightsMovement
4. _______wasaleading19thcenturyfeministandoneofthecoremembersoftheTranscendentalistmovement. A MargaretFuller B SylviaPlath C HildaDoolittle D GloriaStein
5. Whichofthefollowingisnottypicalofmodernpoetry A gushingsentimentalism andcomfortableimages B abandonmentofearlierverseforms C useoffreeverse D anefforttofindand/orexploreanewroleforthepoetinachangingworld
6. Whowasperhapsthemostpopularofall20thcenturyAmericanpoets A EzraPound B WaltWhitman C RobertFrost D AllenGinsburg
7.TheFitzgeraldslivedsoextravagantlythattheyfrequentlyspentmoremoneythanF.ScootFitzgeraldearnedforpartiesliquorentertainingtheirfriendsandtraveling.Itwasthislivingstylethatnicknamedthedecadeofthe1920sas_______. A TheJazzAge B TheGildedAge C TheRoaringAge D TheBeatAge
8. Whichistrueofthe“FiresidePoets” A Theyweregenerallystronglyinfavorofabolishingslavery. B TheyweredeeplyinvolvedintheTranscendentalistmovement. C Theywereagroupof19thcenturyNewEnglandpoets whoweretremendouslypopularandrespectedatthetimetheywrote. D Theyopposedtotraditionandwereinfavorofradicalchange.
9.ErnestHemingwaywasbadlywoundedinItalyandsenttoahospitalwherehefellinlovewithanurse.Thesetwopersonslaterbecamethecharactersofhisnovel________. A TheOldManandtheSea B ForWhomtheBellTolls C TheSunAlsoRises D AFarewelltoArms
10.TheBrahmistsorBostonBrahmiinAmericanliteraturerefersto_______. A ThehighestrankingoftheHinducastes. B AmovementthatemergedfromrebellionagainstPuritanreligiousideas andsystems. C AgroupofNewEnglandwritersknownfortheirscholarshipand/orconservativephilosophy. D Aschoolofimaginativewriting.
11. WhichofthefollowingisoneofBenFranklin’sfamousproverbs A “Astitchintimesavesnine” B “Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves” C “AFriendinneedisafriendindeed” D “Asknotwhothebelltollsthebelltollsforthee”
12.___________wasareactiontotheideasoftheAgeofReasonandtheEnlightenment. A Romanticism B Realism C Naturalism D Modernism
13.Althoughfewofherpoemswerepublishedinherlifetimeandacompletecollectionofthemdidn’tappearuntilthe1950’s _____hadamajorimpacton20thcenturypoetry. A AnneBradstreet B GertrudeStein C EmilyDickinson D AmyLowell
14.Whichofthefollowingwritersdiedanaturaldeathinhisoldage A JackLondon B ErnestHemingway C StephenCrane D MarkTwain
15.WhoofthefollowingisNOTa20thcenturyAmericanpoet A HenryWordsworthLongfellow B AmyLowell C EzraPound D RobertFrost 得分 IV.ChooseTENofthefollowinganddecidewhetherthestatementsaretrueorfalse.10%
1.HawthornewasafirmbelieverinPuritanprinciplesandmournedtheirpassinginhisworks.
2.FrederickDouglaswasamajor19thcenturyblackwriter.
3.ThesoundofWhitman’swordscastsamagicromanticspelloverreaders.Histoneisawesomesadandmelancholy.
4.HaikuaformoftraditionalJapanesepoetrygreatlyinfluencedtheImagistmovement.
5.LeavesofGrassisWhitman’slifework.
6.ThanksinparttotheeffortsofEzraPoundRobertFrostwaspublishedinEnglandandquicklybecamerecognizedasamajorAmericanpoet.
7.In1954T.S.EliotwasawardedaNobelPrizeforhis“masteryoftheartofmodernnarration.”
8.Hemingwaybelievedthatamancouldfindmeaninginlifebyfacinghisdeathwithdignityandcourage.
9.ThomasJeffersonwasfamousforpowerfulpersuasiveessayssuchashispamphletCommonSensewhichpersuadedmanypeopletosupporttheAmericanRevolution.
10.WilliamHillBrown’sThePowerofSympathywrittenin1789isoftencalled“thefirstAmericannovel”.
11.TheliterarymovementofAmericanromanticismwasgenerallydividedintotwostages:pre-romanticismandpost-romanticism.
12.Realiststhoughthighlyofindividualstatusandroleintheworld.Theromanticistspreferredtheinnateorintuitiveperceptionbytheheartofman.Theythoughtthatmanwasessentiallyofgoodwillonlythecivilizedsocietymadehimdegenerate.Theypointedoutthemeanstouprootevilsandtosavemankindwashabitsandtoreturnto“naturalprimitivestate”.
13.TheScarletLetteriscalledaneconomicalnovelbecausethereareonlythreechiefcharacters-orfourifweincludethechildPearl.
14.PresidentLincolnpraisedAnneBradstreetas“thelittlewomanwhowrotethebookthatmadethisgreatwar.”
15.EdgarAllanPoewrotetwopoemsbothentitled“ToHelen”.
16.Literarynaturalismmayberegardedasthenewdevelopmentofliteraryrealismandwassometimescalled“pessimisticrealism.”Thenaturalisticwriterswerephilosophicalpessimists.
17.HemingwayPoundCummingsDosPassosandFitzgeraldbelongtotheschoolof“BeatGeneration”.
18.F.ScottFitzgeraldiscalledtheleaderandpoetlaureateoftheJazzAgewhowrotethenovelsoftheJazzAge.
19.YoknapatawphasagaisanameforJohnSteinbeck’snovels.
20.“Thanatopsis”isawordBryantborrowedfromLatinmeaning“meditationondeath”.得分 V.ChooseTHREEofthefollowingfragmentsandanswerthequestions. 20% Passage1Theapparitionofthesefacesinthecrowd;Petalsonawetblackbough. Questions:
1.Whoisthewriterofthispoem_______________1%
2.Whatisthetitleofthispoem _______________1%
3.WhatimagesinthispoemsuggestHaikupoetryandwhatimagesare“modern”2%
4.WhatistheeffectoftheparallelbetweenlinesoneandtwoofthepoemAndwhatfeelingandmeaningdoesthepoemexpresstoyou2%Passage2Itwaslateandeveryonehadleftthecaféexceptanoldmanwhosatintheshadowtheleavesofthetreemadeagainsttheelectriclight.Inthedaytimethestreetwasdustybutatnightthedewsettledthedustandtheoldmanlikedtositlatebecausehewasdeafandnowatnightitwasquietandhefeltthedifference.Questions:
1.Thispartisfromthenovel writtenby .2%
2.Whydoestheoldmangetdrunkeverynightandwhydidhecommitsuicide2%
3.Whatdoestheyoungwaiterthinkoftheoldmanandhowdoeshetreathim3%Passage3IwenttothewoodsbecauseIwishedtolivedeliberatelytofrontonlytheessentialfactsoflifeandseeifIcouldnotlearnwhatithadtoteachandnotwhenIcametodiediscoverthatIhadnotlived.Ididnotwishtolivewhatwasnotlifelivingissodear;nordidIwishtopractiseresignationunlessitwasquitenecessary.IwantedtolivedeepandsuckoutallthemarrowoflifetolivesosturdilyandSpartan-likeastoputtoroutallthatwasnotlifetocutabroadswathandshaveclosetodrivelifeintoacornerandreduceittoitslowesttermsandifitprovedtobemeanwhythentogetthewholeandgenuinemeannessofitandpublishitsmeannesstotheworld;orifitweresublimetoknowitbyexperienceandbeabletogiveatrueaccountofitinmynextexcursion.FormostmenitappearstomeareinastrangeuncertaintyaboutitwhetheritisofthedevilorofGod.Questions:
1.Thispassageistakenfromafamousworkentitled_________.1%
2.Theauthoroftheworkis____________.1%
3.Listbyyourselfatleastfivereasonsthattheauthorgivesforgoingtoliveinthewoods.5%Passage4Butononesideoftheportal(入口),androotedalmostatthethresholdwasawildrose-bushcoveredinthismonthofJunewithitsdelicategemswhichmightbeimaginedtooffertheirfragranceandfragilebeautytotheprisonerashewentinandtothecondemnedcriminalashecameforthtohisdoomintokenthatthedeepheartofNaturecouldpityandbekindtohim.Questions:
1.Thispartisfromthenovel writtenby .2%
2.Whatdoes“thewildrosebush”symbolizeaccordingtoyouropinion5%Passage5ItwasmanyandmanyayearagoInakingdombytheseaThatamaidentherelivedwhomyoumayknow.BythenameofAnnabelLee;—AndthismaidenshelivedwithnootherthoughtThantoloveandbelovedbyme.Questions:
1.Thestanzaistakenfromthepoem________________1%
2.Theauthorofthepoemis____________.1%
3.Whatisthemostobviousrhetoricaldevicetheauthorusesforeffect4%Passage6ThouhastanhouseonhigherectFramedbythatmightyArchitectWithgloryrichlyfurnishedStandspermanentthoughthisbefled.It’spurchasedandpaidfortooByHimwhohathenoughtodo.Questions:
1.Thisstanzaistakenfromthepoem__________________________by____________.2%
2.Whatisone’srealhouseaccordingtothepoet5%得分 VI.ChooseTWOofthefollowingandCommentonthem.20%
1.RobertFrostsTheRoadNotTaken.(10%)
2.EugeneONeill’sLongDaysJourneyintoNight.(10%)
3.TalkaboutAdgarAllanPoessocialoutlookandwritings(10%)
4.CommentonHawthorne’sstyle.(10%)《美国文学》期末考试试卷A卷答案暨评分标准 适用班级060511-3 考试时间120 分钟Ⅰ.ChooseTENofthefollowingworksandwritethenamesoftheauthors.1*10=10%
1.FrankNorris
2.StephenCrane
3.SinclairLewis
4.JackLondon
5.WashingtonIrving
6.WillaCather
7.RobertFrost
8.BenjaminFranklin
9.WilliamFaulkner
10.NathanielHawthorne
11.ThomasJefferson
12.WashingtonIrving
13.RalphWaldoEmerson
14.HenryWadsworthLongfellow
15.HarrietBeecherStowe
16.MarkTwin
17.TheodoreDreiser
18.T.S.Eliot
19.ErnestHemingway
20.EugeneO’NeillⅡ.ChooseFIVEofthefollowingandfillintheblanks.2*5=10%
1.JohnSmith
2.ThomasPaine
3.“foundingfathers”
4.GothicFiction
5.EmilyDickenson
6.JohnSmith
7.PhilipFreneau
8.WashingtonIrving
9.EdgarAllanPoe
10.PicaresquenovelⅢ.Chooseonlyoneanswerformthefourchoicesasthemostappropriateanswer. 2*15=30% 1B2C3B4A5A6C7A8D9D10C11B12A13C14D15A IV.ChooseTENofthefollowinganddecidewhetherthestatementsaretrueorfalse.1*10=10% 1T2T3F4T5T6T7F8T9F10T11T12F13T14F15T16T17F18T19F20F V.ChooseTHREEofthefollowingfragmentsandanswerthequestions. 20% Passage
11.EzraPound
12.InAStationoftheMetro
13.Answershouldcommentontheparallelbetweenthe“modern”imagerydescriptionofurbancrowdsandtransportationlonelinessofthefirstlineandthetraditional“Oriental”imagerybuddingflowersonatreewetnessofthesecondline.
24.WhatistheeffectoftheparallelbetweenlinesoneandtwoofthepoemDescribethestylisticresultoftheparallelandthefeelingsitevokes2Passage
21.Thispartiffromtheshortstory“ACleanWellLightRoom”writtenbyErnestHemingway.
22.Describetheoldman’scharacterandrelateittothenihilistphilosophyexpressedinthestory.
23.WhatdoestheyoungwaiterthinkoftheoldmanandwhyandhowdoeshetreathimDescribetheyoungman’scharacterhislackofunderstandingoftheoldmanandthesignificanceofhowhetreatstheoldmanasdescribedinthestory.3 Passage
31.Walden
12.HenryDavidThoreau
13.Findtheanswerfromthepassage.5Passage
41.TheScarletLetterNathanielHawthorne.
22.lifeandliberty.5Passage
51.AnnabelLee.
12.EdgarAllanPoe.
13.repetitionorrefrains.4Passage
61.UpontheBurningofOurHouseAnneBradstreet.
22.OnesrealhouseisinheavenbuiltbythegreatarchitectGod.5VI.ChooseTWOofthefollowingandCommentonthem.20%
1.RobertFrost’sTheRoadNotTaken.10%Thispoemiswritteninclassicfive-linestanzaswiththerhymeschemea-b-a-a-bandconversationalrhythm.Thepoemseemstobeaboutthepoetwalkinginthewoodsinautumnchoosingwhichroadheshouldfollowonhiswalk.Inrealityitconcernstheimportantdecisionswhichonemustmakeinlifewhenonemustgiveuponedesirablethinginordertopossessanother.Thenwhatevertheoutcomeonemustaccepttheconsequencesofoneschoiceforitisnotpossibletogobackandhaveanotherchancetochoosedifferently.Inthepoemthepoethesitatesforalongtimewonderingwhichroadtotakebecausetheyarebothpretty.Intheendhefollowstheonewhichseemstohavefewertravelersonit.Symbolicallyhechosetofollowanunusualsolitarylife;perhapshewasspeakingofhischoicetobecomeapoetratherthansomecommonerprofession.Buthealwaysrememberstheroadwhichhemighthavetakenandwhichwouldhavegivenhimadifferentkindoflife.
2.EugeneONeill’sLongDaysJourneyintoNight.10%LongDaysJourneyintoNightissomewhatautobiographical.TheTyronesoftheplayareinfactmodeledontheEugeneONeillfamily.ThefourmajorcharactersincludeJamesTyronethefatherafamousactoranxioustobecomerichattheexpenseofhisowntalent;MaryTyronethemotheradrugaddict;JamieTyronetheireldersonandEdmundTyronetheiryoungerson.TheMotherbecomesmentallyillbecausesheisextremelyunhappywithhermarriedlife.YoungJamielosesfaithinlifewhileEdmundthewanderercomesbackwithtuberculosis.AllthefoursufferfrustrationsandwishtoescapefromtheharshrealityJamesandJamielookforsolaceintheircupswhileMaryandEdmundseektheprotectionofthefogwhichtheyhopewouldscreenthemfromtheintrusionoftheworldoutside.Theymeetinthelivingroomofthefamilyssummerhomeat8:30a.m.ofadayinAugust1912andtormentoneanotherandthemselvesuntilmidnight.Thefatherisangrywiththemotherforherdrugaddictionthemotherwithhissonsforbeinggoodfornothingandthesonswiththeirparentsfornotbeinggoodparents.Allaretorninawarbetweenloveandhateandnooneissurewhichisthestrongeremotion.Lifeistoopainfulforthemeventotryandmakesenseofit.EdmundsdesperateadviceinfaceofthehorribleburdenofTimeweighingonpeoplesshouldersandcrushingthemtotheearthistolosefeelingintheircupsandstayalwaysdrunk.Thusthelongdayjourneysintonightwhenthetragedyofthefamilyisfinallyenacted.Noreliefisfeltnolightisseenandallendsintheengulfingdarkness.InafigurativesenseLongDaysJourneyintoNightisametaphorforEugene0Neillslifelongendeavortofindtruthandthewaytoacceptance.Theformerhefoundnamelythefaithlessfragmentarynatureofmodernlifewhereasthelatterhedidnot;forhimallpassedintonight.IndespairEugeneONeillthoughtoftheoldGodoftheCatholicchurchonwhichitisironicaltonothehadturnedhisbacklongbefore.
3.TalkaboutAdgarAllanPoessocialoutlookandwritings(10%)Poeadmiredaristocraticsociety,distrustedthelevelingtendencyofdemocracyandexpressedcontemptforupliftmovementsofprogress(提高社会地位的进步运动).HedeploredAmericasincreasingindustrialization.Inhismoresardoniccommentsondemocracyhesaysthatitamountstothetyrannyofamob.Hecouldbeassociatedwiththoseliterarymeninthe1840sand1850s,whobecameinMelvilleswordsisolates(孤僻者,与世隔绝者)whowereatleastintheorydivorcedfromsociety.YetPoescriticismofcontemporaryAmericacutdeeperthanthatofhiscontemporariescausinganisolationmorenearlyabsolutethantheirsseeHawthorne.Hewasmoreinterestedinredeemingandrefininglanguage.Hewascalledthegreatliteraryengineer.Poealsodramatizesforuswhathasbeencalledthedemonicsideofthenineteenthcentury.Histalesarefilledwithassassinationandnon-escapewithviolenceanddeath.Manyofhischaractersareobsessedwithafearofdeath.Someofthemstrivetocomebackfromthetomb;othersareterrifiedofbeingburiedaliveorinfactareburiedalivelikeMadelineinTheFalloftheHouseofUsher.Thetwoobsessionsarepartofageneralfearofretainingconsciousnessinaworldthatisdead.Poewaspreoccupiedwiththedisintegrationofculturewithdecadence.Hegivesusavisionofdehumanizedman.Poe’scharactersaredeadtotheworldmachinesofsensationandwill.Theyarenotwillingtoliveintheirownskins.ForPoescharactersthebodyisameremachine.Itrefusestobereconciledtothefleshanditsmortalfate.AsaconsequencePoescharactersinsistonlivingwithanintensityandfearthathasnorelationtothelimitationsimposedbybiologicalandphysicallaws.Theydonotseemtoeatordrinktheydonotwork.Occasionallytheyreadorplayonmusicalinstruments.Theyareconstantlymusingabouttheirlives.Theyspeaktoeachotherintenselyandwithpassion.Theyliveonlyintheirheads—allamatterofintellectandimagination.Poestypicalheroinesareusuallyafflictedwithmysteriousdiseases.Theyvisiblywasteawaybeforetheirlovers’eyes.Theirloversorhusbandscanseethattheyareperishingandtheheroinesthemselvesarethoroughlyawareofitbuttheprocesscannotbehalted.Buttheyarenotwillingtoletgooftheirlovers.Hischaractersfearthefinalmomentwhichconstantlythreatensthemwhiletheyarealivesincetheyhavenocontactwiththeworldofnatureorwithreligionbeingjustsheerintelligencewhichisnotconnectedwithanythingprovidinglifeorspiritualfulfillment.Onecritichaswritten:Poeisnotinterestedinanythingthatisalive.EverythinginPoeisdead—thehousestheroomsthefurniture.DeathisapredominantthemeofPoespoetry.ThesettingofTheRavenhismostcelebratedpoemislikethatofhistales:theunhappyunresolvedloversitsinanelaboratelyfurnishedroomtryingtofindpeacefromsorrowinhisbooksandconductingacuriousdialoguewithhismidnightvisitantablackdeathlikesymbol—theraven.DeathisalsothethemeofthecuriouspoemUlalume尤拉鲁姆andTheCityintheSea.SomeliterarycriticssuggestthatPoe’sintentionwastorecognizetheimpulsealwayskepthiddentokilleventodoviolencetoonesownnature.YetiftheworldofPoesimaginationishauntedbydeathandifthetalesinparticularseemmorbidandobsessedwhydidtheyappealtotheaudienceofPoesdayAndcantheyhaveanythingtosaytousTheanswerwouldhavetobethatinspiteoftheirfantasticcharactertheydo,atsomelevelrevealwhatwasgoingoninthepsycheofnineteenthcenturyman.SomethinglikeadisintegrationofpersonalitywasoccurringinPoeslifetimeandthestrangehorrorsthatPoedescribedproducedsomeechoesinthethoughtsofhiscontemporaries.Hisaudiencehadacravingforthesensationalandtheshocking.Writersandsensitivethinkerssawmanasspirituallyguttedbeingpushedintoaninsaneinhumanworldcreatedbytherapidlygrowingprocessofindustrialization.StrangelyenoughhoweverPoehadafascinationwiththepowerofreasondespitehisemphasisontheirrational.InstorieslikeTheMurdersintheRueMorgueandThePurloinedLetterreasonisappliedtothesolutionofabafflingcrime.EvenafewofPoestalesofnightmareterrorcometohappyendingspreciselybecausetheherocanthinkhiswaythroughaproblem.ThoughtheheroofThePitandthePendulumcannotbyhisunaidedeffortssavehimselffromthedeathintendedforhimheuseshisheadtokeephimselfaliveuntilhelpfromtheoutsidecomes.InfactonekindofPoescharactersmustbethosewhoareforcedtofallbackontheresourcesofonesmind.JustashewasfascinatedwiththeprocessofreasonPoewasinterestedinthedeviousness曲折ofthehumansoul.HeplacedemphasisonhowtheunconsciousmotivateshumanbeingsnotunliketheRomanticsofhisdaybuttoagreaterextent.UnliketheRomanticsPoeexaminedirrationaldrives;hewantedtobringreasontobearonareaswhichinhistimewereregardedaslyingbeyonditsboundariesorelsewereignoredaltogether.InotherwordsPoeusedhisreasontodiscoverthesourceoftheirrational.ThisisespeciallyevidentinTell-TaleHeart.Poestragiclifeandhisconcentrationondeathwerehisextremeandpoeticresponsetothatwhichwaselaborateduponinnaturalistictermsfiftyyearslater.Hewasunusuallysensitivetotheworldofhisowndayaffectedbyitintensely,causinghisisolation.Thoughhewantedtofindhisplaceinatraditionalsocietyhisfailuretodosomaywellhaveheightenedhissenseoflonelyindividualism.ItisthissenseofalienationwhichhascarrieditselfthroughthegreatestofliteratureinAmerica.
4.CommentonHawthorne’sstyle.(10%)Hisstyleisalsonoteworthyforhisfrequentuseofimages.Metaphorsandsimilesaboundmostofthemstirringlyfreshandeffective.Hemakesskillfuluseofcolorsasameansforconveyingmood.Blackredandgraypredominate.Hawthornessentenceslikehislanguageshowtheeffectsofhislongyearsofstudyandpracticeinwriting.TherearefewoftheawkwardsentenceswhichmaybefoundinCooper.Thesentencesmayappeartoatwentiethcenturyreadertobetooconsistentlylong.Buttheywerenotabnormallylongfortheirday.Inthemostcomplexsentenceshowevergrammaticalsubordinationisemployedwithsufficientlogicandvarietytomakethewritingsmoothandclear.AnotherreflectionofthetimesinwhichHawthornewroteisseeninhispunctuation.Manyofhisworksareover-punctuatedbymodernstandards;therearesuperfluouscommasexcessivedashesandfartoomanyexclamationpoints.Inmostcaseshiswordsareforcefulenoughtoachievetheemphasishedesiresandtheattempttoshowsuchemphasisbyusingexclamationpointsisnotnecessary.ButHawthornecannotbecondemnedforfollowingthemechanicalconventionsofhisday.Hawthornedependsheavilyonsummarizedhistoricalnarrativebutlinksscenesdramatically.Occasionallyhewillinterrupthisworkstoaddressthereaderdirectlywithsomecommentonthestorysomepieceofbackgroundinformationorabriefmoralessay.AcharacteristicdeviceofHawthorne’s,whichisemployedseveraltimesinTheScarletLetteristheoptionalreadingHawthorneusesconcreteobjectsaswellascharacterstoserveashissymbols.Heconcentratesonafewmainsymbolsrepeatedofteninthestoryandusesthefluidityofcharacterdevelopmenttoillustratethewaysinwhichsymbolsgrowandchangebasedupononesperceptionofthem.PAGE1。