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http://dwz.cn/BI32r2015年职称英语培训机构/职称英语教材/职称英语考试技巧2015年职称英语培训:http://lm.chinatat.com/ManageCheck.aspadsid=586UnionID=8396to=http://www.chinatat.com/project/english.shtmlhttp://lm.chinatat.com/ManageCheck.aspadsid=586UnionID=8396to=http://www.chinatat.com/project/english.shtml\thttp://dwz.cn/_blank(按住Ctrl并单击鼠标)2015年职称英语培训:http://lm.chinatat.com/ManageCheck.aspadsid=586UnionID=8396to=http://www.chinatat.com/project/english.shtmlhttp://lm.chinatat.com/ManageCheck.aspadsid=586UnionID=8396to=http://www.chinatat.com/project/english.shtml\thttp://dwz.cn/_blank(按住Ctrl并单击鼠标)职业培训教育网--大型职业培训考试网站常年开设公务员经济师职称英语职称计算机报关员人力资源管理师心理咨询师注册消防工程师等国家职业资格考试网上辅导...职业培训教育网是正保教育集团旗下的一家大型国家类考试远程教育网站,正保远程教育成立于2000年,是一家具备网络教育资质、经教育部批准开展远程教育的专业公司,为北京市高新技术企业、中国十大教育集团,下属13家网站,业务涵盖会计、自考、法律、医学、建设工程、考研、公务员等诸多领域,拥有办公面积8000平米,员工近千人,公司年招生规模高达百万人经过多年的快速发展,正保远程教育已牢固树立了中国远程教育第一品牌形象,成为远程教育行业当之无愧的领跑者2008年7月30日,正保远程教育成功登陆美国纽约证券交易所股票代码DL,成为中国第一家在纽交所上市的远程教育公司,并继续引领着中国远程教育的大发展PoolWatchSwimmerscandrowninbusyswimmingpoolswhenlifeguardsfailtonoticethattheyareintrou-ble.TheRoyalSocietyforthePreventionofAccidentssaysthatonaverage15peopledrowninBritishpoolseachyearbutmanymoresuffermajorinjuryaftergettingintodifficulties.NowaFrenchcompa-nyhasdevelopedanartificialintelligencesystemcalledPoseidonthatsoundsthealarmwhenitseessomeoneindangerofdrowning.Whenaswimmersinkstowardsthebottomofthepoolthenewsystemsendsanalarmsignaltoapoolsidemonitoringstat/onandalifeguardspager.IntrialsatapoolinAncenisnearNantesitsavedalifewithinjustafewmonthssaysAlistairMeQuadeaspokesmanforitsmakerPoseidonTechnol-ogies.Poseidonkeepswatchthroughanetworkofunderwaterandoverheardvideocameras.AIsoftwareanalysestheimagestoworkoutswimmerstrajectories轨道轨线Todothisreliablyithastotellthedifferencebetweenaswimmerandtheshadowofsomeonebeingcastontothebottomorsideofthepool.Theunderwaterenvironmentisaverydynamiconewithmanyshadowsandreflectionsdancingaround.saysMcQuade.Thesoftwaredoesthisbyprojectingashapeinitsfieldofviewontoanimageofthefarwallofthepool.ltdoesthesamewithanimagefromanothercameraviewingtheshapefromadifferentangle.Ifthetwoprojectionsareinthesamepositiontheshapeisidentifiedasashadowandisignored.Butiftheyaredifferenttheshapeisaswimmerandsothesystemfollowsitstrajectory.Topickoutpotentialdrowningvictimsanyoneinthewaterwhostartstodescendslowlyisaddedtothesoftwarespre-alertlistsaysMcQuade.Swimmerswhothenstayimmobileonthepoolbot-tomfor5secondsormoreareconsideredindangerofdrowning.Poseidondouble-checksthattheimagereallyisofaswimmernotashadowbyseeingwhetheritobscuresthepoolsfloortexturewhenviewedfromoverhead.If.soitalertsthelifeguardshowingtheswimmerslocationonapoolsidescreen.Thefirstfull-scalePoseidonsystemwillbeofficiallyopenednextweekatapoolinHighWy-combe.Buckinghamshire.OnemanwhoisimpressedwiththeideaisTravorBaylisinventoroftheclockworkradio.Baylisrunsacompanythatinstallsswimmingpools-andhewasonceanunderwa-terescapologist表演脱身术的人withacircus.Isayfullmarkstothemifthisworksandcansaveliveshesays.Butheaddsthatanylocalauthorityspending£30000-plusonaPoseidonsystemoughttobeinvestingsimilaramountsinteachingchildrentoswim.
1.AImeansthesameasA.animage.B.anidea.C.anyoneinthewater.D.artificialintelligence.
2.WhatisrequiredofAIsoftwaretosavealifeA.Itmustbeabletoswim.B.Itmustkeepwalkingroundthepool.C.Itcandistinguishbetweenaswimmerandashadow.D.Itcansavealifewithinafewmonths.
3.HowdoesPoseidonsavealifeA.Heplungesintothepool.B.Italertsthelifeguard.C.Hecriesforhelp.D.Itrushestothepool.
4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutTrevorBaylisisNOTtrueA.Heruns.B.Heinventedtheclockworkradio.C.Hewasonceanentertainer.D.Herunsacompany.
5.Thewordconsideredinparagraph5couldbebestreplacedbyA.thought.B.rated.C.regarded.D.believed.[试题开始]HiddenSpeciesMayBeSurprisinglyCommonCryptic隐蔽的;隐藏的species-animalsthatappearidenticalbutaregeneticallyquitedistant-maybemuchmorewidespreadthanpreviouslythought.Thefindingscouldhavemajorimplicationsinareasrangingfrombiodiversity生物多样性estimatesandwildlifemanagementtoourunderstand-ingofinfectiousdiseasesandevolution.ReportsofcrypticspecieshaveincreaseddramaticallyoverthepasttwodecadeswiththeadventofrelativelyinexpensiveDNA脱氧核糖核酸sequencingtechnology.MarkusPfenningerandKlausSch-wenkoftheGoethe-UniversitaetinFrankfurtGermanyanalyzedallknowndataoncrypticanimalspeciesanddiscoveredthattheyarefoundinequalproportionsthroughoutallmajorbranchesoftheanimalkingdomandoccurinequalnumbersinallbiogeographical生物地理学的regions.Scientistshadpreviouslyspeculatedthatcrypticspecieswerepredominantlyfoundininsectsandreptiles爬行动物,andweremorelikelytooccurintropicalratherthantemperate(温带的)regions.SpeciesthatareseeminglywidespreadandabundantcouldinrealitybemanydifferentCrypticspeciesthathavelowpopulationsandarehighlyendangeredsaysPfenninger.Untilthegeneticinformationofallspeciesinatleastonetaxon分类单元isthoroughlystudiednoonewillknowjusthowmanycrypticspeciesexistltcouldbeashighas30%Pfenningersays.ImextremelysurprisedbytheirresultssaysAlexSmithoftheUniversityofGuelphinOntar-ioCanada.Itsacalltoarmstokeepdoingthebroadkindofgeneticstudiesthatwearedoing.Samplingasmanyindividualsaspossiblescientistshopetocompleteworkonallfishandbirdsinanother5t010years.OnceeitherofthesetaxonomicgroupsiscompletedPfenningersaysresearcherswillbeabletodecidehowmanycrypticspeciesexistthroughouttheanimalkingdom.ExamplesofcrypticspeciesincludetheAfricanelephant.A2001studyfoundtheelephantswereactuallytwogeneticallydistinctnon-interbreeding(非杂交繁殖的)speciestheAfricanbushelephantandtheAfricanelephant.ThespeciesarecurrentlylistedasvulnerableandthreatenedrespectivelybytheWorldConservationUnionWCU.Thereclassificationsaremorethananacademicexercise.Theydefinepopulationsthathavee-volvedindependentlyofeachotherandwhosegeneticdifferencescanhavesignificantconsequences.Intheearly1900smisidentificationofmosquitospeciesbasedonmorphologyconfused:attemptstocontrolmalaria疟疾inEurope.Ultimatelywhatwasthoughttobeasinglespecieswasactuallymadeupofsixsibling同胞,同属speciesonlythreeofwhichtransmittedthedisease.ThebasicunitinbiologyisalwaysthespeciesandyouhavetoknowwhatyouaredealingwithPfenningersays.Muchpreviousresearchisnownolongerusedhesaysbecauseitisnotclearwhatspecieswasbeingstudied.
6.WhichofthefollowingaboutthesignificanceoftheresearchoncrypticspeciesisNOTtrueA.Theresultsoftheresearchcanhelpthedevelopmentofmanyotherresearchareas.B.Theresultsoftheresearchcanhelpthedevelopmentofbiodiversityestimates.C.Theresultsoftheresearchcanhelpourunderstandingofinfectiousdiseaseevolution.D.Theresultsoftheresearchcanhelpourunderstandingofsurvivalofthefittest..
7.WhatwasscientistsunderstandingofcrypticspeciesA.Theyoccurredinequalnumbersinallbiogeographicalregions.B.Theyweremostlyfoundininsectsandreptiles.C.Theywerelikelytobeintropicalratherthantemperateregions.D.BothBandC.
8.DoscientistsknowhowmanycrypticspeciesexistA.Notyet.B.Yestheydo.C.Theywillknowtheanswerinanotheroneortwo-years.D.Theywillneverknowtheanswer.
9.WhichofthefollowingabouttheAfricanbushelephantandtheAfricanelephantistrueA.TheWCUareinterbreedingthoseelephants.B.Theyareinterbreedingspecies.C.Theyaretwogeneticallydistantspecies.D.Theydependoneachotherforsurvival.
10.PeoplewereconfusedintheirattemptstocontrolmalariainEuropeintheearly1900sbecausescientistsA.identifiedonlyonemosquitospeciesinsteadofsixspecies.B.thoughtonlythreemosquitospeciestransmitteddisease.C.thoughttherewasonlyonemosquitospecies.D.didnotknowwhatspecieswasbeingstudied.[试题开始]TooLittleforGlobalWarmingOilandgaswillrunouttoofastfordoomsdayglobalwarmingscenariostomaterializeaccordingtoacontroversialnewanalysispresentedthisweekattheUniversityofUppsalainSweden.Theau-thorswarnthatallthefuelwillbeburntbeforethereisenoughcarbondioxideintheatmospheretore-alizepredictionsofmeltingicecapsandsearingtemperatures.DefendingtheirpredictionsscientistsfromtheIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChangesaytheyconsideredarangeofestimatesofoilandgasreservesandpointoutthatcoal-burningcouldeasilymakeuptheshortfaII.Butallagreethatburningcoalwouldbeevenworsefortheplanet.TheIPCCspredictionsofglobalmeltdownpushedforwardthe1997KyotoProtocolanagree-mentobligingsignatorynationsto.cutCO[
2.gif]emissions.TheIPCCconsideredarangeoffuturescenari-osfromunlimitedburningoffossil-fuelstoafasttransitiontowardsgreenerenergysources.Butgeol-ogistsAndersSivertssonKjellAleklettandColinCampbellofUppsalaUniversitysaythere-isnote-noughoilandgaslefteventhemostconservativeofthe40IPCCscenariostocometopass.Althoughestimatesofoilandgasreservesvarywidelytheresearchersarepartofagrowinggroupofexpertswhobelievethatoilsupplieswillpeakassoonas2010andgassoonafter.Theiranal-ysissuggeststhatoilandgasreservescombinedabouttotheequivalentofabout3500billionbarrelsofoilconsiderablylessthanthe5000billionbarrelsestimatedinthemostoptimisticmodelenvisagedbytheIPCC.Eventheaverageforecastofabout8000billionbarrelsismorethantwicetheSwedishestimateoftheworldsremainingreserves.NebojsaNakicenovicanenergyeconomistattheUniversityofViennaAustriawhoheadedthe80-strongIPCCteamthatproducedtheforecastssaysthepanelsworkstillstands.Hesaystheyfac-toredinamuchbroaderandinternationallyacceptedrangeofoilandgasestimatesthantheconserva-tiveSwedes.EvenifoilandgasrunouttheresahugeamountofcoalundergroundthatcouldbeexploitedhesaysthatburningcoalcouldmaketheIPCCscenarioscometruebutpointsoutthatsuchaswitchwouldbedisastrous.CoalisdirtierthanoilandgasandproducesmoreCO[
2.gif]foreachunitofenergyaswellasreleasinglargeamountsofparticulates.Hesaysthelatestanalysisisashotacrossthebowsforpolicymakers.
11.WhatproblemdoestheauthorsofthenewanalysisraiseA.Thecoalreservesarebigenough.B.Allthefuelwillbeburntbeforethereisenoughcarbondioxide.C.Coal-burningcouldeasilymakeuptheshortfallofoilandgasreserves.D.OilandgaswillrunoutsofastthatEarthsdoomsdaywillnevermaterialize.
12.AccordingtoIPCCwhatcanmakeuptheshortfalloftheoilandgasreserves9A.Fossilfuels.B.Greenfuels.C.Coal-burning.D.Nothing.
13.AccordingtoAndersSivertssonwhichofthefollowingstatementsistureA.Therewillbe.enoughoilandgasifthe40IPCCscenariostocometopass.B.WeshoudcutCO[
2.gif]emissions.C.Weshoudstopusingfossilfuels.D.Theoilandgasisinsufficientevenifthe40IPCCscenariostocometopass.
14.HowmuchistheIPCCsestimateofoilandgasreservesA.About
3.500billionbarrels.B.About
8.000billionbarrels.C.About4000billionbarrels.D.About
5.000billionbarrels.
15.1nthelastparagraphwhatdoesthewordswitchstandforlA.Coal-burningtoreplacetheoilandgas.B.Fossilfuelstoreplacetheoilandgas.C.Greenfuelstoreplacetheoilandgas.D.Theoilandgastoreplacethecoal-burning.[试题答案]
1.D
2.C
3.B
4.A
5.B
6.D
7.D
8.A
9.C
10.A
11.D
12.C
13.D
14.D
15.A[解题思路][思路开始]
1.题意AI和人工智能意义一致短文第一段提到artificialintelligence.AI为其第一个字母缩写,故选D[思路开始]
2.题意为了拯救一条生命,人工智能软件必须具备什么样的条件?它必须能区分游泳的人与影子第三段提到它(人工智能软件)必须能区分一个游泳的人与投射的池底或池壁的某个人的影子A项意思是它必须能游泳;B项意思是它必须在游泳池周围来回走;D项意思是它在几个月中就拯救了一条生命只有C项可以从原文中推断出来,故选C[思路开始]
3.题意波赛冬软件是如何挽救生命的?它会提醒救生员第五段提到假如是这样(图像确实是一个游泳人的图像),它就会提醒救生员此处Poseidon为一个软件,A、C两项都使用了he,是错误的;D项说它急忙朝着水池跑去,软件不会跑,因此也为错误的,故选B[思路开始]
4.题意下面这些有关特雷弗贝利斯的命题中哪一项不是真的?他跑步B项他发明了机械装置的无线电可从第六段找到;C项他曾经是一名从事游戏的演员和D项他经营一家公司也都可在第六段找到,故选A[思路开始]
5.题意单词considered由下面的rated替换最合适该词为consider的过去分词,动词consider意思是考虑;认为,和rate与regard意思相近,但是regard需要和as连用,因此这里只能和rate替换,故选B[思路开始]
6.题意下列关于研究隐性物种重要性的说法错误的是研究结果能帮助我们理解适者生存短文的第一段第二句提到研究结果为广泛的研究领域提供启示,包括生物多样性研究,野生动物管理,还能帮助我们理解传染病及其演变,选项D的适者生存的内容文章中没有提及,故选D[思路开始]
7.题意科学家关于隐性物种的理解是他们多发现于昆虫和爬行动物中;他们更可能在热带地区而不是温带地区短文第三段第一句提到科学家先前已经推测出隐性物种多发现于昆虫和爬行动物中;他们更可能在热带地区而不是温带地区故选D[思路开始]
8.题意科学家知道有多少隐性物种存在吗?还不知道短文第三段最后一句提到直到人们对至少一个类群的所有物种的基因信息有了深入研究,没有人能知道究竟有多少隐性物种存在故选A[思路开始]
9.题意下列关于非洲丛林象和非洲象的说法正确的是它们是两个基因完全不同的两个物种短文第六段第二句提到2001年的一项研究发现,非洲丛林象和非洲象实际上是两个不同的基因,非杂交种故选C[思路开始]
10.题意人们在20世纪初控制欧洲疟疾时很迷惑是因为科学家只识别出一种蚊子而不是六种短文最后一段第二句提到最终.被认为是一个单一物种(的蚊子)实际上由六个物种组成,其中只有三个物种传播疾病故选A[思路开始]
11.题意新发表的一项分析的作者提出了什么问题?石油和天然气将会因为全球变暖被耗尽短文第一段第一句提到根据本周在瑞典乌普萨拉大学新发表的一个具有争议性的分析石油和天然气将舍因为全球变暖这一世界末日般的场景被耗尽故选D[思路开始]
12.题意政府间气候变化专门委员会认为煤炭的燃烧能补充石油和天然气的减少短文第一段倒数第二句提到……政府间气候变化专门委员会指出煤炭的燃烧能轻易的补上(石油和天然气的)减少故选C[思路开始]
13.题意在安德斯西沃特森看来,下列哪种说法是正确的?即使通过了政府间气候变化专门委员会的40个方案,石油和天然气的储量也是不足的短文第二段最后第一句提到但是鸟普萨拉大学的地质学家安德斯西沃萨拉,凯尔阿勒克勒特和科林坎贝尔说,即使政府间气候变化专门委员会的40个方案通过了,也不会有足够的石油和天然气,故选B[思路开始]
14.题意政府间气候变化专门委员会预测的全球石油和天然气的储量是多少?大约是5000亿桶短文第三段第二句提到比由政府间气候变化专门委员会提出的最乐观的估计--5000亿桶少,故选D[思路开始]
15.最后一段中,swith一词指代什么?用烧煤来代替石油和天然气短文最后一段第二句提到他说,烧煤可以使政府间气候变化专门委员会的方案变为现实,但是,他指出这样的一个转换将是毁灭性的,故选A。