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宾语从句
2010.7
一、引导词
1、由that引导的陈述句性的宾语从句,在很多动词如saythinkwishhopeseebelieveagreeexpecthearfeel等动词后连词that只起连接作用,在从句中不做句子的成分,也无词汇意义,在口语中常被省略,但在大多数情况下还是以不省为好,特别是在笔语中例Itoldhimthathewaswrong.
2、在thinkbelievesupposeexpect等动词引起的宾语从句中,有时谓语尽管是否定意义,却不用否定形式,而将think等动词变为否定形式例Idon’tthinkyouareright.我认为你做的不对
3、在许多带有复合宾语的句子中,that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子的后面,而用it做形式宾语 例Wethinkwrong.我认为他向每一个人撒谎是错误的
4、由连词if、whether引导的表示“是否…”的宾语从句Whetherif在从句中不做句子的成分,一般情况下,whether和if可以替换例Idon’tknowif/whetherhewillcometomorrow.Theteacheraskedif/whetherwehadfinishedtheexperiment.在介词后面的宾语从句中不用if引导 例Everythingdependson-weh__eenoughmoney宾语从句中有ornot时不用if引导. 例Idon’tknowthemoviestarwillcomeornot.和不定式连用作主语时不用if引导.例togothereornothasn’tbeendecided.
5、由wh-引导的宾语从句连接代词whowhomwhosewhatwhich和连接副词whenwherewhyhow等连接的宾语从句,它们在句中即有连接从句的作用,又在句中充当句子的成分例Doyouknow?他们正在谈论那部电影Idon’tknow.他住在那里
二、宾语从句的语序,宾语从句从句的语序必须是陈述语序,既连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分 例Ibelievethatsoon.(will,they,come)HeaskedmewhetherIwasateacher.Theywantedtoknow.(他们能为我们做什么)
三、宾语从句的时态
1、宾语从句的时态受主句的限制,既主句是一般现在时态,从句根据实际情况而定主句是一般过去时态,从句用相应的过去的时态如果从句的动作发生在主句之前,则从句要用过去完成时态例:1Shesaysthatsheisastudent.Shesaidthatshewasastudent.2ShesaysthatshewillflytoJapaninaweek. Shesaidthat.3Shesaysthatshehasfinishedherhomeworkalready.Shesaidthatshehadfinishedherhomeworkalready.4ShesaysthatshecansingasonginEnglish.Shesaidthatshe.
2、如果宾语从句说的是客观真理、自然现象或事实时,这时宾语从句要用一般现在时态例Theteachersaidthat.地球围着太阳转HetoldmethatJapanisanislandcountry.
3、Couldyou____me…是用来征询对方___,语气委婉,并不表示过去例Couldyou____mewhenwewillvisittheHistoryMuseum 注意事项 由陈述句变成宾语从句时,要注意人称的变化 例Shesaid:“Ih__ebeentoEnglandbefore.”ShesaidthatshetoEnglandbefore.Sheaskedme:“Doyoulike__ths”Sheaskedmeif__ths.
4、宾语从句与简单句的交换由连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句,如果宾语从句的主语和主句的主语是同一个人时,可以用“疑问词+不定式”做宾语的简单句结构例Idon’tknowwhatIshoulddonext Idon’tknowwhatnext.Hedidn’tknowwherehewouldlive.Hedidn’tknowwhere.
5、当doyouthinkdoyouknowdoyousaydoyouhopedoyouguess等放于特殊疑问词之后时,宾语从句用陈述语气Whichonedoyouthink他会买Whodoyouhope我们应该邀请 DOSOMEEXERCISES:
1.Canyousee________ A.whathe’sreadingB.whatishereading C.whatdoeshereadD.hereadswhat
2.DoesJackcomefromJapanDoyouknow合并成一个句子 Doyouknow_____Jack_____fromJapan
3._Whatdidyoursonsayintheletter _Hetoldmethathe___theDisneywouldthenextday A.willvisitB.hasvisited C.isgoingtovisitD.wouldvisit
4.Hedidn’tknow__________ A.what’sthe__tterB.whatthe__tteris C.whatwasthe__tterD.whatthe__tterwas
5.SomebodycalledyoujustnowbutIdidn’tknow____ A.whoweretheyB.whotheywere C.whowasitD.whoitwas
6.Iwanttoknow_____ A.whatishisnameB.what’shisname C.thathisnameisD.whathisnameis
7.---Couldyou____me___sheislookingfor ---Hercousinsusan. A.thatB.whoseC.whoD.which
8.---WhatareyousearchingtheInternetfor ---I’mtryingtofindout____. A.Whatisthedifferen__between____andBIRDFLU B.How__nypersonsh__e___dinIraq C.Howtoprotectourenviro__ent D.WhyisourChineseteambeabletobeatKorea
9.Doyouknow___________谁正在唱歌
10.Doyouknow___________她正在和谁谈话
11.Doyouknow___________昨天发生了什么事答案在下页 Thekeys:1A.2ifcomes.3D.4C.5D.6D.7C.8B 9whoissinging 10whosheistalkingwith 11whathappenedyesterdayI.从下列A、B、C、D中选择一个正确选项填空
1.Idontknow_________hewillcometomorrow._________hecomesIll____you. A.if;Whether B.whether;Whether C.if;That D.if;If
2.Idontknow_________thedayaftertomorrow. A.whendoeshecome B.howwillhecome C.ifhecomes D.whetherhellcome
3.Couldyou____me_________thenearesthospitalis A.what B.how C.whether D.where
4.Couldyou____me_________theradiowithoutanyhelp A.howdidhemend B.whatdidhemend C.howhemended D.whathemended
5.Iwanttoknow_________. A.whomisshelookingafter B.whomsheislooking C.whomisshelooking D.whomsheislookingafter
6.Doyouknowwhere_________now A.helives B.doeshelive C.helived D.didhelive
7.Doyouknowwhattime_________ A.thetrainle__e B.doesthetrainle__e C.willthetrainle__e D.thetrainle__es
8.Idontknow_________.Canyou____meplease A.howthetwoplayersareold B.howoldarethetwoplayers C.thetwoplayersarehowold D.howoldthetwoplayersare
9.The__allchildrendontknow_________. A.whatistheirstockingsin B.whatisintheirstockings C.whereistheirstockingsin D.whatintheirstockings
10.Icantunderstand_________. A.whatdoesChrist__smean B.whatChrist__sdoesmean C.whatmeanChrist__sdoes D.whatChrist__smeans II.按要求转换句型
1.DoesMr.BrownenjoylivinginChinaCouldyou____us(改写句子) →Couldyou____us_________Mr.Brown_________livinginChina
2.Doesthegirlneedanyhelp”heaskedme.(变为复合句) →Heaskedme_________thegirl_________somehelp.
3.Jimisnotastudent.Tomisnotastudenteither.(合并为一个句子) _________Jim_________Tomisastudent.
4.Whendoesthetrainle__eIwanttoknow.(改为含宾语从句的复合句) Iwanttoknow_________thetrain_________.
5.Theywenthomeaftertheyhadfinishedtheirhomework.用not...until改写 They_________gohome_________theyhadfinishedtheirhomework.
6.DidPetercomehereyesterdayLiLeiwantstoknow.改为含宾语从句的复合句 LiLeiwantstoknow_________Peter_________hereyesterday. 宾语从句专项训练参考答案I.1—5DDDCD6—10ADDBDII.
1.if/whether;enjoys
2.if/whether;needed
3.Neither;nor
4.when;le__es
5.didnt;until
6.whether;came。