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液晶专业术语Backlight:背光CCFLCCFTColdCathodeFluores__ntLight/Tube:冷阴极荧光灯Compositevide复合视频Componentvide分量视频COBChipOnBoard:IC裸片通过邦定固定于印刷线路板上COFChipOnFilm:将IC封装于柔性线路板上COGChipOnGlass:将IC封装于玻璃上CRTCathodeRadialTube:阴极射线管DPIDotPerInch:点每英寸Duty:占空比,高出点亮的阀值电压的部分在一个周期中所占的比率DVIDigitalVisualInte_____:(VGA)数字接口ECBElectricallyControlledBirefringen__:电控双折射ELElectrolumines__n__:电致发光EL层由高分子量薄片构成FSTNFormulatedSTN:薄膜补偿型STN用于黑白显示HTNHighTwistedNe__tic:高扭曲向列的显示类型ICIntegrateCircuit:集成电路Inverter:逆变器ITOIndium-TinOxide:氧化铟锡LCDLiquidCrystalDisplay:液晶显示器LCMLiquidCrystalModule:液晶模块LEDLightEmittingDiode:发光二极管LVDSLowVoltageDifferentialSignaling:低压差分__NTSCNationalTelevisionSystemsCommittee:NTSC制式全国电视系统委员会制式OSDOnScreenDisplay:在屏上显示PALPhaseAlternatingLinePAL制式逐行倒相制式PCBPrintCircuitBoard:印刷线路板PDPPla__aDisplayPanel:等离子体显示SECAMSEquentialCouleur__ecMemoire:SECAM制式顺序与存储彩色电视系统STNSupperTwistedNe__tic:超扭曲向列的显示类型S-vide:S端子,与复合视频__比,将对比和颜色分离传输TABTapeAuto__tedBonding:柔性带自动连接TCPTapeCarrierPackage:柔性线路板TFTThinFilmTransistor:薄膜晶体管显示类型___STransitionMinimizedDifferentialSignalingTNTwistedNe__tic:扭曲向列的显示类型VFDVacuumFluores__n__Display:真空荧光显示VGAVideoGraphicArray:视频图形阵列VODVideoOnDe__nd:视频点播有效显示区域ActiveAreaLCDPanel的有效显示区域,即可显示文字图形的总__,参考下图,白__域即此片Panel的有效显示区域开口率ApertureRatio开口率即是每个画素可透光的有效区域除以画素的总__,开口率越高,整体画面越亮画面比率AspectRatioAspectRatio为画面宽与高之比率计算机画面及一般影像画面比率为4:3HDTV则可提供16:9的宽平面屏幕画面B/MBlack__trix:于ColorFilter上,用来遮住R、G、B各Pixel间之空隙,可大幅减少LCD光点间彼此干扰所产生的光害,呈现更稳定且清晰的影像品质,提升了阅读上的舒适度,同时也减轻了__使用所造成的眼部压力及疲累感CCFL冷阴极射线管ColdCathodeFluores__ntLamp将高压施加于灯管之两电极电子即由电极端射出电子因受高电压加速而与管内之水银原子撞击水银原子在被撞击后由不稳定状态急速返回稳定状态时会将过剩能量以紫外线
253.7__释放出来此释放出来之紫外线由萤光粉吸收转换成可视光.C/F彩色滤光片ColorFilter:彩色滤光片上有排列整齐之RGB三原色画素,射入的光可经由滤光片转变混合成各种颜色LTPS〈低温多晶硅〉LTPSLowTemperaturePolySilicon低温多晶硅,就是在摄氏600oC或更低的温度下经过雷射回火Laseranneal的制程步骤所生产的多晶硅,具有高开口率、可内建驱动IC等__电路于玻璃基板上、TFT反应速度更快且__缩小、接点数及零件数减少、系统设计简单化,面板可*度提升,以及降低材料成本等优点Luminan__〈明亮度〉明亮度指一对象之可见亮度其取决于可反射光之多寡并由__方公尺cd/m2内之多少烛光来衡量其亮度因表面物之反射属性之多样化,类似的照明度因对象表面反射属性之不同而造成不同的明视度例如,同样的光源照射于一黑一白的__,黑色__之明视度相较于白色__的明视度是非常低而且昏暗Moire一种因LCD面板与背光模块刻痕方向不能匹配所造成的光干涉现象Mura水波纹指在显示影像时,所产生的画面局部或全面的不均匀现象ResponseTime〈反应时间〉屏幕画素接收到__后,由白转黑Tr及由黑转白Tf所需转变时间所需转变时间是越短越好较短的反应时间使画面转换更为顺畅一般而言,其都低于60ms.Responsetime=Tr+TfResolutionofDisplayVGA=VideoGraphicsArray640xRGBx480Dot SVGA=SuperVideoGraphicsArray800xRGx600Dot XGA=ExtendedGraphicsArray 1024xRGBx768Dot SXGA=SuperExtendedGraphicsArray 1280xRGBx1024Dot SXGA+=SuperExtendedGraphicsArray+1400xRGBx1050Dot UXGA=UltraExtendedGraphicsArray1600xRGBx1200Dot Spa__r〈间隔粒子〉于两片玻璃基板间所均匀洒上的球形树脂粒子用来撑出一个间隙以灌入液晶其作用类似我们盖房子时的柱子Uniformity〈均匀度〉画面的均匀度;将一Panel分为数等份,分别测量其中心点的亮度,所测得的最小值除以最大值即是此Panel均匀度,均匀度越高表示Panel画面越稳定ViewAngle〈视角〉面对屏幕,往其上、下、左、右四方观测,调整此屏幕直到其无法由此四方看到屏幕画面之角度以监看者之视觉舒适,可调整视角之广狭Backlight〈背光源〉液晶Panel的背面所设置光源萤光灯管(热阴极管或冷阴极管)、导光板、扩散板所构成ContrastRatio〈对比度〉此为黑色与白色之间的对比比值越高,色彩越鲜明FPCFlexiblePrintedCircuit;可弯曲印刷电路Inverter〈换流器〉DC/AC换流器主要应用于TFT面板背光源之powersupply它使用高电压来驱动冷阴极射线管此独特的电力仪器具有高瓦特数、高效能及坚实小巧的设计LVDSLowVoltageDifferentialSignaling;数字显示接口,具有高效能、高速与低功率消耗等特色LaserAnneal〈雷射回火〉低温多晶硅与非晶硅最大差异在于,LTPS的薄膜晶体管TFT,经过雷射回火Laseranneal的制程步骤;利用雷射作为热源,雷射光经过投射系统后,会产生能量均匀分布的光束,投射于非晶硅结构的玻璃基板上,当非晶硅结构玻璃基板吸收雷射的能量后,会转变成为多晶硅结构QCIFQCIFQuarterCommonIntermediateFor__t:QCIF为视讯会议格式,其每秒可传输30页的资料,每一页有144行、每一行有176画素pixel其分辨率为CIF之1/4QCIF为ITUH.261视讯会议之标准CIF及QCIF互为兼容并适用于NTSCPAL及SECAM三种TV标准WhiteChro__ticityWhiteChro__ticity为衡量RGB三原色的均衡值的测量方法较高之色温产生偏蓝的白色;较低的色温产生偏红的白色Aa-Siamorphoussilicon 以材料结构而言,amorphous的意思是指未结晶的状态Amorphoussilicon膜具有作为半导体材料之特性,可用pla__aCVD装置在400℃以下的温度下形成因此成为使用玻璃基板之主动矩阵(active__trix)方式液晶面板的TFT主力组件材料英Amorphousmeanslackingdistinctcrystallinein__terialstructure’sterm.Amorphoussiliconfilmhasthequalitythatcanbeusedas__terialofsemiconductor.Itcanbeformedbyusingpla__aCVDequipmentundertemperatureof400degreeC.Thereforeitisthe__jor__terialfor__nufacturingTFTofLCDpanelwhichusesglasssubstratewithactive__trix.a-SiTFTamorphousSiliconThinFilmTransistor以amorphoussilicon为构成材料之电场效果型的薄膜晶体管带有sour__、drain、gate三种电极之3端子组件最常使用为主动矩阵(active__trix)液晶显示器的开关英TheFieldEffecttypeTFTwithamorphoussilicon__terialcontainsthreeterminalcomponentsofthreetypesofelectrodes:sour__drainandgate.Theyareoftenusedastheswitchofactive__trixtypeLCD.ACFAnisotropicConductiveFilm 英异方性导电膜,指含有导电性粒子之热硬化或热可塑性的树脂薄膜主要用于液晶显示面板与驱动IC之讯号传输连结,需针对不同之接合接口选择适合导电粒子及密度,一般而言用于finepitch之导电粒子其直径约为3~5umAnisotropicconductivefilmmeansthethermosettingorther__lplasticresinfilmwhichcontainsconductivityparticle.Itisused__jorinLCDpanelandtodrivethesignalconnectiontran__ittinginIC.Differentinte_____connectionrequiresspecificconductivityparticlesanddensityaccordingly.Generallyspeakingthediameterofconductivityparticleswhichusedforfinepitchshouldbethreetofiveum.Activearea在液晶显示面板中具有显示功能之画素总__英InLCDscreenitservesthepurposeofshowingthetotalsu_____areaoffunctionalpixels.Active__trix在画素或dot上设置主动组件,于写入期间激活主动组件而写入data电压、其它期间则关闭主动组件以维持电压之矩阵驱动方式依据主动组件的种类区分为3端子型的TFT方式与2端子型的TFD(MIM)方式2端子型的制造工程可简化英Itsetsactivecomponentsonpixelordotwhichactivateactivecomponenttowritedatavoltageduringthewritingperiodandduringotherperioditshutoffactivecomponentto__intainvoltageof__trixdrivingmethod.Accordingtodifferenttypesofactivecomponentitisdividedintoeither3-terminalmodelTFTor2-terminalmodelTFDMIMmethods.The__nufacturingpro__ssof2-terminalmodelcanbesimplified.Anti-glaretreatment在液晶面板表面设置凹凸,以降低镜面反射之处理Anti-glare处理的程度是利用积分球式光线透过率量测方式,以全光线透过率与散乱光透过率的比定义的英Convexandconc__esu_____isconfiguredontheLCDpanelasthetreatmenttoredu__thereflectionofmirror.TheextentofAnti-glareistousethemeasuringmethodoflightpenetrationofintegralspheremodeltodefinetheratiobetweentherateoffull-lightpenetrationandtherateofscatterlightAnti-reflection在表面上包覆多层折射率不同的膜,用来消除界面的反射光之处理英Itisatreatmenttoeliminatereflectionlightfrominte_____su_____bycoating__nylayersoffilmwithdifferentreflectingrateonthesu_____.Apertureratio单一画素中可透光__与画素总__之比值开口率之大小与TFT所使用之金属导线特性及__ll制程能力有关英Itistheratiooftheluminarysu_____inasinglepixelcomparingtothesu_____oftotalpixels.Theopeningrateisdeterminedbythenatureofmetalinterconnectandthecapabilityof__ll__nufacturingofTFT.APR®plate液状紫外线硬化型树脂凸版厚度从
1.0~
3.0都有,种类甚多,为了提供液体的转写效率,在画面部分的表面增加一层网状物制版时,版系根据版体的直径,事先将画像缩小后制成因为版即使在萤光灯下也会加促硬化,故保管上必须非常注意(旭化成工业株的登记商标)英Thereare__nykindsofresinprojectingplateofUVhardeningmodelinliquidstatewithathicknessrangingfrom
1.0to
3.0;forthepurposeofelevatingtheefficiencyofpatterntransfor__tionfortheliquidthesu_____ofthepictureportionhasbeenmountedalayerofmeshedstuff.Whenperformtheplate__kingthepatternhasbeenminiaturizedandthenfinishedinaccordan__withthediameterofplate.Sin__thehardeningofplatewillbepromotedevenunderfluores__ntlightspecialattentionisrequiredforpreservation.Trade__rkofAsahiChemicalIndustrialCo.Ltd.Array指玻璃基板上已配置TFT等switching组件,但未成为__ll前的状态英ItisthestateinwhichthescreenhasbeenequippedwithTFTswitchingdevi__butitisstillnota__llyet.Aspectratio 显像后的resist膜,或用蚀刻形成于基板上的pattern之深度与宽度的比Aspect比=b/a(a蚀刻的宽度,b蚀刻的深度)英Itistheratiobetweenthedepthandwidthofthepatternontheetchedsubstrateortheresistfilmafterpatternisdeveloped.Aspectratio=b/aa:etchingwidthb:etchingdepthBBackexposure将已经形成在基板上的pattern做成光罩,由基板背面露光之方法英Itisamethodof__kingthesemiconductor__stfromwellformedpatternonthesubstrateandexposesthebackofthesubstratetolight.Backlight由于液晶显示器为非发光型,为了强化显示的能见度,将液晶面板背面的光加以投射之装置光源以萤光灯管为主流,分为冷阴极管与热阴极管构造上可分为直下型与侧光型英BecausetheLCDdoesnotlumines__itselfandtore-enfor__thevisibilityofitthereisadevi__toprojectthelightfromthebackofaLCDpanel.The__jorityoflightsour__comesfromthefluores__ntlighttubewhichisdividedintotwodifferenttypes:ColdCathodeFluores__ntLampandHotCathodeFluores__ntLamp.Thestructurecanalsodividedintotwodifferenttypes:directtypeandsidelighttype.BezelLCD面板组件,用以维持╱保护B/L组件之外侧外壳一般采用金属板之成形品英It’sapartoftheLCDscreenandusedto__intain/protectthesideshellofB/Lcomponents.Nor__llyitisaproductfrommetalplate.Black__trix在液晶面板所使用的colorfilter上,为了分离RGB各画素作成的格子状或条纹状的构造BM亦具有预防外部光源造成TFT错误动作的功能现在虽以单层铬、低反射铬为主流,但树脂BM也已相继投入市场英BMisusedtoseparatethegridorstripstructure__defromRGBpixelsonthecolorfilterappliedonLCDpanel.BMalsoservesanotherpurposeofpreventingthe__lfunctionofTFTresultedfromoutsidelightsour__.Althoughsinglelayerandlowreflectionchromiumarethe__jorityinthe__rketbutresinBMalsobecomesanotherpopularproduct.C__ll指在二片玻璃基板合起来后所形成的几微米的间隙内封入液晶材料的Panel英__llisthepanelofliquidcrystalthatfillsintothemicrometergapformedbycombiningtwoglassessubstrates.__llgap指TFT基板与colorfilter基板上ITO膜之间隙,间隙之大小会影响液晶显示面板之穿透率及液晶反应时间英__llGapisthegapbetweenITOfilmoncolorfiltersubstrateandTFTsubstrate.Thesizeofthegapaffectsthetran__ittan__ofLCDdisplaysubstrateandresponsetimeofliquidcrystal.CFColorFilter为了使液晶彩色显示器能显示彩色,在液晶__ll内构成的零件之一,在透明基板上依规则配列红、绿、蓝3个原色的patternColorfilter一般是由遮光用的Black__trix、color显示用的着色pattern、保护着色pattern的透明保护膜、以及驱动液晶用的透明电极膜等4种要素所构成英InorderforLCDtogeneratecolorsthereisapatternwithRedGreenandBluewhichisoneofthepartsintheLC__ll.Colorfilterisstructuredby4__jorcomponents:Black__trixtoblocklightpatterntodisplaycolorstransparentprotectionfilm__defromprotectionpatternandtransparentelectrodefilmusedfordriverLC.CIEchro__ticitydiagram以平面表现色度坐标之图形在XYZ表色系及X10Y10Z10表色系中,原则上采用xy或x10y10的直接坐标,分别称为CIE1931色度图或CIE1964色度图又称为xy色度图或x10y10色度图英CIEchro__ticitydiagramshowsthegraphof2dimensionalcolorcoordinate.OntheXYZcolorgraphandX10Y10Z10colorgraphitusesxyorx10y10directcoordinateandtheyarecalledCIE1931colorgraphorCIE1964colorgraph.Itisalsoknownasxyorx10y10chro__ticitydiagram.COFChipOnFilm直接将ICchip接续在可挠曲印刷电路板(flexibleprintedcircuitboard)的电极端子上之方式,为ChipOnFilm的简称此种IC构装方法之特长为可挠曲印刷电路板之薄型化,其厚度约为TCP之1/3,可提高液晶显示模块构装之可*度目前所使用之接合方式有导电膜、导电胶及共晶接合英ItisasimplifiedtermofChipOnFilmwhichisamethodofconnectingICchiptotheelectrodeterminalofflexibleprintedcircuitboard.ThespecialtyofthisICpackagemethodcanthinnertheflexibleprintedcircuitboardwhichisaboutonethirdofthicknessofTCP.Italsoincreasesthereliabilityoftheliquidcrystaldisplaymodule.Thecurrentconnectingpro__ssesusedare:conductivityfilmconductivitypasteandeutecticconjunction.COGChipOnGlass直接将驱动IC之I/O与显示玻璃基板的电极端子面对面接合之方式,COG模块构装所使用之驱动IC必须先长凸块bumping,液晶面板模块构装之凸块材质为Au,目前以ACF为接合材料之制程较成熟英Itisapro__ssofconnectingelectrodeterminalofdisplayglasssubstrateandI/OofDrivingICdirectlytoeachother.TheDrivingICmusth__ebumpingandthe__terialusedforliquidcrystalsubstratebumpingisAu.The__nufacturingpro__sswhichusesACFasitsconnecting__terialismore__tured.COPChipOnPlastic直接将ICchip接续在塑料基板的电极端子上之方式,为ChipOnPlastic之简称装设塑料基板液晶面板之driverIC时所使用的英ItisasimplifiedtermofChipOnPlasticwhichisamethodofconnectingICchiptotheelectrodeterminalofplasticsubstrate.ItisusedforsettingthedriverIContotheliquidcrystalpanelofplasticsubstrate.Coldcathodefluores__nttube为Backlight其中一种光源,采用金属阴极之萤光灯管利用高电场引起发光放电,然后用此放电所产生的紫外线激发萤光体而发光之放电灯管基于发热、寿命之考量,大多采用冷阴极管英Itisoneofthelightsour__susedinBacklightanditusesthefluores__nttubeofmetalcathode.Thedischargetubethatuseshighelectricalfieldtocauseglowdischargeandtheultravioletlightgeneratedfromthistypeofdischargewouldtriggerthefluores__ntparticleandglow.Consideringtheheatandlifetimefactorsthecoldcathodefluores__nttubeismorefrequentlyused.Contrastratio液晶On╱Off时最大辉度与最小辉度之比液晶依画面视角的不同,其contrast也会跟着改变,因此以最大的对比来表示通常STN以101表示、TFT以1001表示英Theratiobetweenthe__ximumandminimumbrightnesswhentheLCisOn/Off.Thecontrastchangeswithdifferentviewinganglesandtherefore__ximumcontrastratioisusedfordisplay.GenerallySTNis10:1andTFTis100:1fordisplay.CDCriticalDimension一般是指100um以下的pattern线宽或间隔,为表示pattern位置之尺寸值使用于露光量、现象条件、蚀刻条件等制程参数,或制品尺寸管理方面英CDmeansthegaporwidthbetweenpatternsunder100umanditistoshowthedimensionmeasurementoflocationofpattern.Itisusedasaparameteroflightexposurequantityandetchingconditionsin__nufacturingpro__ssordimension__nagementaspectofproducts.Crosstalk由于画素间__干涉,使对比高的画面轮廓在背景部产生的拖曳现象每个画素都设置理想switch的主动矩阵方式不会产生crosstalk英Duetothesignalinterferen__sbetweenpixelsthebackgroundwouldgeneratedraggingphenomenoninhighcontrastscreen.Crosstalkcanbeeliminatedbyfixingactivate__trixtypeofidealswitchoneachpixel.DDarkdefect不随__改变而一直保持低辉度状态的点状缺陷英DarkdefectisakindofdotformfaultthatdoesnotchangewithsignalsandkeepsinlowBRILstatus.DatalineFT基板中传达显示__之垂直方向的配线因为接续在各画素TFT的Sour__电极或Drain电极上,故又称为Sour__线或Drain线线宽通常为数um到10um不等英ItistheperpendicularwiringusedinTFTsubstratetotransferdisplaysignals.BecauseitisconnectedwiththeSour__electrodeorDrainelectrodeoneachpixelinTFTitisalsoknownasSour__lineorDrainline.Thewidthofthelineisoftenbetweenfewumto10um.DichroicMirror仅选择在特定的波长区域内的光来做反射的光学镜一般是利用层积的多层膜的光之干涉经由反射而取出各式各样的颜色的光使用在投写型的投影机上英Itisakindofopticalmirrorthatonlyreflects__rtainlightinsomechosenlightspectrum.Nor__lly__nylayersoffilmtointerferewithlightandwithreflectiontogeneratevariouscoloroflight.Itisappliedtoprojectorswithpoly-siliconLCD.Dot构成各画素的要素点(显示的最小构成点)英Dotisthepointthatconstructseachpixel.the__allestdisplayunitDriverIC驱动液晶面板的回路或IC__trix显示有扫描电极(行电极)Driver与__电极(列电极)Driver二种由QFP变迁为TCP多硅晶(poly-silicon)的面板则是直接将DriverIC形成在显示面板中英ItistheICthatdrivestheLCD.Theretwotypesofdisplay__trix:ScanningelectrodecolumnelectrodeDriverandSignalelectroderowelectrodeDriver.ThepackageofdriverchangesfromQFPtoTCP.TheDriverICofpoly-siliconLCDpanelformsdirectlyinthedisplayscreen.DualScan将液晶面板的配线自上下两端开始接续的方法英ItisamethodofconnectingcontinuouslyfromtopandbottomwiringintheLCD.EEWSengineeringworkstation拥有colorgraphicdisplay与高度演算能力,技术者为了能互动地执行LSI或electronicssystem之__、设计所用的计算机透过计算机网络与其它EWS相互接续而达到设计Data共有化,以构筑效率良好的分散设计环境英ItisacomputerdesignedforhighcolorgraphicdisplaycalculationanditisusedforexecuteLSIinteractivelyorforelectronicssystemdevelopment.ThroughnetworkitcanconnecttootherEWStoachievedatasharingdesigninghen__betterandefficientdistributeddeigningenviro__entarebuilt.FFlatness大多指heathead与支撑台的平行度热压着时,每个tool相互间的关系比平行度重要英MostofthetimeFlatnessmeanstheparalleli__betweentheheattoolandsupportplatform.Whenthereisheattherelationshipsbetweeneachtoolismoreimportantthantheparalleli__.Flicker画面辉度之周期性变动也称为闪烁出现CrossTalk较多的画面其Flicker也会较明显其起因与Crosstalk相同英Flickerisaperiodicchangeofthebrightnessofthescreen.FlickerismoreobviouswhentherearemorecrosstalkandthecauseofflickeristhesameasCrosstalk.FPCFlexiblePrintedCircuit可挠曲印刷配线板使用于实装有液晶driverIC的印刷基板与COG基板等界面上之配线板英FPCmeansflexibleprintedcircuitboard.FPCisthecircuitthatappliestoprintingcircuitwithLCdriverICandCOGcircuitinte_____.FCAFlipChipAttachment为fa__downbonding其中一种指将LSIchip上的接续电极直接接续在基板或package的配线用电极上一般是在LSIchip上形成焊锡bump与基板接续,但COG则是使用导电paste、ACF等来接续bump与基板英FCAisonetypeofthefa__downbonding.ItmeansattachingtheconnectingelectrodeofLSIchipdirectlytothecircuitorwiringelectrodeofpackage.GenerallyLSIchipformsthesolderingbumpandattachtothecircuitbutCOGusesconductivitypasteorACFforattachmentbetweenbumpandcircuit.FLCDFerroelectricLiquidCrystalDisplay指强诱电性液晶材料使用se__tic液晶,属于单纯__trix方式,可做高速应答虽然使用在大型panel上__较便宜,但另一方面,由于很难做安定的配向,故在画面的要求上有其困难之处英Itusesse__ticLCasits__terialwhichbelongsto________trixtypeandhashighspeedresponse.Althoughitischeapertoapplyonlargetypepanelbutontheotherhanditisveryhardtoachievestability.Thereforeitisdifficulttoachievequalityofthescreen.FoldingTCP将实装后的TCP折弯一次或二次之形态的TCP有助于面板边框area之狭小化英FoldingTCPisformedbyfoldingthefixedTCPon__ortwi__andithelpstominimisetheframeareaofcircuit.GGPS以美国24个卫星传来的时间与位置等情报为基准而知道现在位置的方法将这个情报与地图情报搭配使用的方法即可汽车导航系统英GlobalPositioningSystemallowsuserstofindoutthetimeandexactcurrentlocationthrough24differentsa____ites.Applyingthissystemand__pinfor__tionachievesthevehiclen__igationsystem.Grayscale指介于最大辉度与最小辉度之间的中间调显示数字__输入时,与23468bit相对应的有481664256阶调模拟__输入则可作无限阶调之显示阶调显示的方式分为液晶驱动电压变化及frame间的时间调节英Grayscaleisfortuningthedisplaybetween__ximumandminimumbrightness.Whendigitalsignalisinputtoitaccordingto2346and8bitthereare481664and256differentgraylevels.____ogueinputcanbeusedforinfinityleveltuningdisplay.Therearetwowaysofgrayscale:LCdrivingvoltagetuningandframeratecontrol.IILBInnerLeadBonding内引脚接合,指驱动IC之bump与Poly-imidetape上之Culead以EutecticBonding方式接合之制程英ILBbondingisa__nufacturingpro__sswhichattachthebumpofDriverICtotheCuleadonpoly-imidetapewithEutecticBondingmethod.I__gesticking经过长时间显示同一pattern后,切换至其它显示时,前面的pattern会长时间残留的现象英Afteralongdisplayingtimeofthesamecolorpatternthecolorpatternwouldstayonthescreenoveraperiodoftimeon__switchedtoothercolordisplay.Interconnectionpitch指接续pad或bump间的pitch未必与画素pitch一致使用面bumpLSI时,接续pad可比画素pitch大英Interconnectionpitchisthepitchconnectspadsorbumpsanditisnotne__ssarytobethesameasthepixelpitch.WhenusingthebumpLSIthepadpitchcanbelargerthanthepixelpitch.Interla__将1个frame分成奇数号扫描及偶数号扫描这二种区域,使这二种区域交替驱动之方式可抑制闪烁主要使用于电视显示方面计算机则以non-interla__驱动为主英Tosplitaframeintotwoareaswithoddandevenscanninglines.Byallowingthesetwoareastoswitchdrivingmodesbetweeneachotherflickeringcanberedu__d.Thisis__inlyusedintraditionaltelevisionsets.Computermonitorsmostlyusenon-interla__mode.InvertedstaggeredstructureTFTGate电极配置于下部(bottomgate)之stagger构造的TFT可在真空中连续形成gate绝缘膜及半导体层,因为易于使MOS界面清净化等理由,为多数的a-SiTFT所采用英ItisatypeofTFTthathasGateelectrodefixedtothestaggerofbottomgate.Thegateinsulatedfilmandsemiconductorlayercanbeformedinvacuumstatus.Itismostlyappliedtoa-SiTFTbecauseitiseasiertopurifyMOSinte_____withit.Inverter将B╱L光源(萤光灯或EC)以高周波点亮的点灯回路英ItisalightingcircuitthatlightstheradiofrequencywithB/Llightsour__flores__ntlamporECKKGDKnownGood___Knowngood___之简称指经确认为良品之LSIchip在chiplevel中受品质保证,但成本较高英KGDisahighqualityLSIchipandithasqualityguaranteeinitschiplevelandcostmore.LLCDLiquidCrystalDisplay液晶显示器利用偏极化光及液晶分子之特有光电特性,以电压控制画素之亮及暗,达到影像明暗对比之效果英LCDutilizesthepolarizationlightandspeciallightandelectricalpropertyofLCmoleculetocontrolthedarknessandlightnessofpixelwithvoltage.Hen__toachievetheeffectofcontrastbetweenbrightanddark.LCDController供给Driver回路(IC)上必要的timing__等控制__的回路(IC)英LCDcontrollersuppliesthene__ssarytimingsignalforDriverICandothersignalcontrollingIC.LCDDriver指驱动液晶panel的回路或IC以__trix来表示,可分为行电极Driver与列电极Driver英LCDDriverisfordrivingLCpanelcircuitorIC.In__trixtermsitcanbedifferentiatedintocolumnelectrodeDriverandrowelectrodeDriver.LCDProjector将小型的液晶面板(LCDpanel)放大投影而取得大画面之方式可分为使用3片单色TFT的3板式及使用1片彩色TFT的单板式从__、重量来看,单板式较有利3板式系利用二色镜(dichroicmirror)自光源的光中取出光的三原色后进行彩色之显示分为rearpro与frontpro二种方式就亮度来说,rearpro较有利英Amethodto__gnifyandprojecta__aller-sizedLCDpanelintoabiggerdisplay.Thiscanbeachievedbyusingeitherthreesingle-colorTFToronecolorTFT.Fromapri__andweightstandpointitshouldbemorebeneficialtousetheonecolorTFTmethod.Thethreesingle-colorTFTmethodusesadichroicmirrortodisplaythecolorsfromexternallightsour__s.Itisdividedintorearprojectorandfrontprojector.Intermsofbrightnessrearprojectorhasmoreadvantagesthanfrontprojector.Linedefect出现于水平及垂直之线状的显示缺陷英Linedefectisadisplaydefectwhichappearsinhorizontalorverticallines.Luminan__画面的明亮度单位为cd/m2在透过型TFT彩色液晶上则是指液晶面板的透过率与B/L辉度之积英It’stheluminan__ofthescreenandunitofmeasureiscd/m
2.InTFTColorLCtermsitistheproductoflightthroughrateandB/Lbrightness.M__ModuleAssembly将panel、PCB、bezel等零件组装起来成为液晶Module的工程英ModuleAssemblyengineeringistoassemblepanelPCBbezelandotherpartstoaLCmoduleMIMMetalInsulatorMetal用2片具有非线形抵抗性之薄绝缘体的金属膜挟住的2端子组件绝缘体一般采用TaOx使用为主动矩阵液晶显示器之开关英MIMisacomponentthatuses2pie__ofnonlinearresistan__thininsulatedmetalfilmtohold2terminals.TaOxisoftenusedastheinsulatorandfunctionastheswitchofactive__trixLCD.Motherglass母玻璃基板,TFT使用无碱玻璃(为防止碱离子对于TFT的污染);C-STN使用碳酸钠石灰玻璃(普通玻璃)又称为可作多面取前的大块玻璃,目前TFT-LCD厂之世代即是以MotherGlass大小区分英TFTusesalkali-freeglasstopreventpollutionfromalkalineiontoTFT;ColorSTNusesnatronitelimeglassnor__lglass.Itisalsoknownasglassinlargesizeforpoly-fa__tpro__ssing.thegenerationofcurrentTFT-LCDfactoriesgenerationaredifferentiatedbythesizeofMotherGlass.MLSDriveMultiLineSelectionDrive由OPTLEX所__之一种能使C-ST(N)的contrast比提升的技术利用同时选择及驱动复数的线以实现高速应答与高对比英Adevelopmentpro__ssderivedfromOPTLEXwhichutilizestheC-STNpro__ss.Atthesametimeitselectsanddrivesmultiplelinestoenableahigh-speedresponseandcontrastMura辉度色度某部份不均匀的现象色度不均匀的现象称为色Mura英MuraisaphenomenonwhentheBRILandcolorratearenotevenandunevencolorrateisknownasMuracolor.Mushroombump断面形状像茸状的bump镀层电镀得比电镀光阻的厚度高而形成的英Thecross-sectionofbumpislikemushroomanditisformedwhentheelectroplatingplatethicknessishigherthanthephotoresister.NNDfilterNeutralDensityfilter不管波长为何,为了以一定的比率减弱光的强度以得到适当的光量所使用的滤光器,是一种不会改变光束的大小,但可以减少光量的滤光器分为全面均一浓度的个别type及能针对角度表示线状浓度变化的圆形type二种装置于检查装置内的CCDcamera前部,其目的是使DUTi__ge的明亮度达到最适化英Thelightfilterdevi__thatworksregardlessofthelightspectrumandwillredu__thelightaccordingto__rtainratiotoobtainsuitableamountoflight.Itdoesnotchangethesizeofthelightbeambuttodecreasethequantityoflight.Itisdifferentiatedinto2types:onetypeistoeventhedensityofwholesu_____andanotherroundshapedtypewhichvariesthelightdensityaccordingtodifferentangle.Itisfixedtothefrontpartofacheckingdevi__CCDcamerawhichisusedtoadjusttheluminan__ofDUTi__getothemostsuitablestatus.Noninterla__将画面的一个Frame从上面一条一条线的依顺序扫描来表示的驱动方式个人计算机用的Monitor是其代表英Noninterla__isadrivingmethodwhichusedwidelyinPC’smonitorscanslinebylineaccordingly.NTSCNationalTelevisionSystemCommitte电视机__的标准方式之一以美国、__为中心而被使用扫描线数525条,每秒使用30Frame,为减低Flicker而分为偶数╱奇数filter来扫描英NTSCisoneofthestandardTVsignalthatusedmostlyinAmericaandJapan.Itscans525linesand30framesinasecond.Inordertoredu__flickeritisscannedwitheven/oddnumberfilter.OOLBOuterLeadBondingTapebonding时,自innerbonding完成的tape上切取已连接___的outerlead部分,堆栈在package或基板的电极上,然后以加热及加压的方式将之接合的装置此种接合方式称为outerleadbonding英DuringTapebondingbycuttingtheouterleadpartfromthe___whichisconnectedtothetapeformedfrominnerbondingandthenaddingheatandpressuretocompletetheattachment.Thistypeofattachmentiscalledoutleadbonding.PPAL电视机__的标准方式之一以欧洲、东南亚为中心而被使用扫描线数625条,每秒使用25frame,与NTSC一样分为偶数╱奇数filter来扫描英PALisoneofthestandardTVsignalsthatusedmostlyinEuropeandSouthEastAsia.Itscans625linesand25framesinasecond.LikeNTSCitisscannedwitheven/oddnumberfilter.Passive__trix各画素上没有主动组件,扫描电极与data电极的交*部对应到画素或dot上,然后直接印加驱动__的矩阵方式显示类型有TN、STN等,主要采multi-plex驱动一般是指将common及segment的电极形成于各位的玻璃基板上,使这些电极交*并将液晶包在这些电极之间的形式英Thereisnoactivecomponentsoneachpixelthegrid__trixactivatesthedrivingsignaldirectlybyscanningthecrosspartofelectrodeanddataelectrodetotheaccordingpixelordot.FormingthecommonandsegmentelectrodeonindividualglasssubstratethePassive__trixisconstructedbywrappingtheelectrodecrosseswithinLC.PEPPhotoEtchingPro__ss使用感光光阻,仅就必要的厚度来蚀刻特定的场所以得到希望的配线的方法英PEPusesphotoresistivesensortoobtainexpectedwiringwithne__ssarythicknessinspecificetchingenviro__entPitch指光罩上规则配列的pattern中,任意2个量测pattern中心点的距离英Itisthedistan__betweenthe__nterofany2measuredpatternwhichisinaregularshapeinthephoto__sk.Pixeldefect 在TFT等active方式上出现之以画素为单位的显示缺陷,其代表性的缺陷是在黑显示时光线被遮住而成白缺陷或相反地成黑缺陷、以及平时点灯时的辉点缺陷等形成原因有TFT的动作不良或者异物、接触不良等等各种原因很难明确地指出其原因英ItisadisplayingdefectofpixelunitwhichshowsonactivetypeofTFT.Thepropertyofsuchdefectiswhenthelightisblockedandshowswhitedefectwhiledisplayingblackcolorandvi__versa.Poly-siTFTPoly-siliconThinFilmTransistor以多结晶(polysilicon)为构成材料之薄膜晶体管电荷__度大约比非结晶硅(amorphoussilicon)大一位数,因为可小型化,故主要使用于投射型面板上英Themobilityofchargeisapproxi__telyoneorderfasterthanamorphoussiliconsoitcanbe__deinto__allsize.Thereforeitiswidelyappliedtoprojectortypescreen.Postbonding利用治具透过TCP对ACF层作加热及加压,使ACF胶材聚合反应率达90%u以上,以增加TCP与面板之连接强度并作导通英ByusingbondingequipmenttoaddheatandpressurestoTCPandACFlayersand__kethecross-linkingrateofACF__terialto90%andabove.Hen__itincreasesthebondingandconductivitybetweenTCPandcircuitboardPPIPixelPerInch指在ActiveArea对角线上单位英吋所具有之画素数目,用以表示画面之分辨率英Thetotalamountofpixelsofactiveareasondiagonallineswithinchunitwhichshowstheresolutionofscreen.PWBPrintedWiringBoard将连接回路零件的电气配线依适当的方法在绝缘物上以电气导体再现一般指上面没有零件的电路板英Byusingappropriatemethodontheelectricalwiringofcircuitconnectingpartstoshowtheelectricalconductoroninsulating__terial.Itnor__llymeansthecircuitboardwithoutpartsonit.Pre-bonding透过ACF将TCP以高精度定位于LCD面板上,然后利用ACF的半硬化性,以低温热压着进行预先接合之工程,假压着制程导入有助于高分辨率模块量产设计英BylocatingACFandTCPonLCDwithhighaccuracyandwiththehalfcuringofACFtopro__edthebondingpro__sswithlowtemperaturepress.Lowtemperaturepressingishelpfulfor__ssproductionofhighresolutionmoduledesign.Pulseheat电阻加热方式的加热治具加入瞬间大电流,一口气由常温上升至作业温度的方式治具的热容量小,切断电流即可快速使温度下降,故可维持运转,直接在加压状态下回复至常温温度的均一性比constantheat方式的治具差英Resistorheatingtypebondingequipmentallowslargeamountofelectriccurrentflowandcaninstantlyincreasetheheatfromnor__ltemperatureto__nufacturingtemperature.Thebondingequipmenthas__allheatcapacityandcanloweritstemperaturebycuttingoffelectriccurrent.Hen__can__intainitsrunningandrecovertonor__ltemperatureunderpressurestatus.Thetemperatureuniformityofitisworsethantheconstantheattypeofbondingequipment.RResinBM以含有黑色着色剂的树脂材料形成之BM一般是采用遮旋光性能高的carbonblack作为着色剂感旋光性树脂材料以acrylic系列为代表,非感旋光性树脂材料以poly-imido系列为代表通常用photolithography法形成BMpattern树脂BM反射低且成本低,但遮旋光性能不及chrome英ResinBMis__deofresin__terialwithblackartificialcolorandtheartificialcoloroftenusescarbonblackcolorwhichhasgoodqualityatblockinglight.Acrylicseriesproductsaretherepresentativeofphototonusresin__terialandpoly-imidoistherepresentativeofnonphototonusresin__terial.TheBMpatternisnor__llyformedwithphotolithographymethod.ResinBMhaslowcapitalcostandlowreflectionbutthelightblockingpropertyisnotasgoodaschrome.Resolution画像细致度的指针液晶显示器的分辨率取决于画素的pixel英Itistheindexofthescreenresolutionfineness.TheresolutionofLCDisdeterminedbytheamountofpixelsRubbingangle工作基板基准面与rubbingreel之间的角度Rubbing的角度决定了视角的方向英ItistheanglebetweenthedatumplaneoftheworkingsubstrateboardandrubbingreelandRubbingangledeterminesthedirectionoftheviewingangle.Rubbingcloth配向处理时使用的植毛布将植毛布缠绕在rubbingreel上后使其旋转,擦拭配向膜英Itistherubbingclothusedfororientationpro__ssing.Windtherubbingclotharoundtherubbingreelandthen__keitwhirltorubtheorientationfilm.SScanninglineTFT基板中传达__至gate电极上之横方向的配线又称为gate线,具有选择水平方向某画素行的功能连接到被选取的扫描线上之各画素的TFT成导通状态,Data线的显示__得以写入各画素内扫描线内的__延迟会对画质产生重大影响,因此必须是延迟少的低电阻扫描线英ItisthehorizontalwiringlinewhichtransferssignaltothegateelectrodeinTFTboarditisalsoknownasgateline.Italsohasthefunctiontoselecthorizontalpixels.WhenthepixelsareselectedbythescanninglinetheTFTisinaconductivitystatusandsignalscanbewrittenintoeachpixelfromDataline.Thesignaldelayinthescanninglinecausesgreatimpacttothequalityofthescreeni__geandthereforelowresistorscanninglineshouldbeused.ScratchColorfilter的外观缺陷之一指colorfilter表面上的细微伤痕,大多是基板处理时机械性接触所造成的英Itisoneofthedefectsfromtheoutsideviewofcolorfilter.Itmeansthetinyscaronthesu_____ofcolorfilter.Mostofthetimeitiscausedbymechanicalcontactduringcircuitboardtreatment.Sealwidth将2片液晶面板的基板接合并固定之seal部的宽度就械械性强度或信赖性而言,某种程度的宽度是必要的,但若要扩大显示部的有效__或确保__的区域,则宽度最好窄一点英Itisthewidthofthesealwhichusedtoconnecttwopie__sofLCcircuit.Regardedtothemechanicaltoughnessandreliability__rtainsealwidthisne__ssary.Howeverinordertoenlargetheactivescreendisplayareaortosecurethefittingareathewidthshouldbenarrower.Separatefilm挟在ACFtape层之间的薄膜英ItisthefilmfittedinbetweenthelayersofACFtape.SlimTCP输入lead与输出lead之间的间隔较窄之TCP有助于面板边框范围之狭小化英ItisaTCPwithnarrowergapbetweeninputleadandoutputleadandthishelpstonarrowthesizeofframeareaofthecircuitboard.Spa__r为了使液晶面板(__ll)中液晶层的厚度均一而放入上下基板间之均一直径的物体Spa__r的材料有plasticbeads或玻璃纤维依__llgap不同,使用的spa__r直径(2~6m)种类甚多,Spa__r有ballspa__r与photospa__r之区别英Itisao__ectwithsamediameterfittedinbetweentopandbottomglasssubstrateitspurposeistoensurethesamethicknessofLClayersinthe__llofLCsubstrate.Accordingtodifferent__llgapthediameterofspa__rvariesfrom2to6um.Therearevarioustypesofspa__randitisdifferentiatedintoballspa__randphotospa__r.StaggeredstructureTFTTFT的构造依晶体管构成要素的配置方法大致区分为stagger型与coplanar型前者指的是在gate电极╱gate绝缘膜与sour__╱drain电极之间配置半导体后者指的是在gate电极╱gate绝缘膜与半导体之间配置sour__╱drain电极另外还衍生出gate电极是在TFT上部(topgate)或下部(bottomgate)的类型顺stagger构造是gate电极配置于上部之stagger构造,使用于部份的a-SiTFTLlCD上英TFTstructureisdividedintostaggertypeandcoplanartypeaccordingtothewaysthetransistorsareconstructed.Staggertypemeansthesemiconductorisfixedinbetweengateelectrode/gateinsulatingfilmandsour__/drainelectrode.Coplanartypemeansthesour__/drainelectrodeisfixedinbetweengateelectrode/gateinsulatingfilmandtransistor.ThereisalsoanotherTFTtypeswhichfitsthegateelectrodeoneithertopgateorbottomgateoftheTFT.WhenthegateelectrodeisfittedtothestaggerontopgateitisknownasStaggeredstructureTFTanditisappliedpartiallytoa-SiTFTLCD.Stepcoverage薄膜形成时在薄膜表面的细微段差部上作成之膜的被着状态段差部上的被着状态直接影响到配线的断线不良等,成为制品良率、品质低下的主因英Itmeansanotherfilmisformedonthemicrogapsonthefilmsu_____whenthefilmisprodu__d.Stepcoveragedirectlyaffectsqualityofwiringandhen__isthe__jorcauseoflowqualityanddefectrateoffinishingproduct.STNSuperTwistedNe__tic具有扭转约180度~270度构造的ne__tic液晶或采用na__tic液晶的显示类型以一定角度射入到液晶分子轴上的直线偏光由于双折射性的缘故而变调成椭圆偏光利用电场的有无将液晶分子控制在STN构造与垂直配向之间,即可用双折射性的变调加以驱动黄色或蓝色是较普遍的,采用特殊的位相膜或补偿液晶板作白色显示,也可以应用于彩色显示上与TN相比其视角较广,但缺点是应答速度慢英STNhasne__ticLCwhichcantwistfrom180degreesto270degreesorusesna__ticLCdisplaytype.WithafixedanglethestraightpolarizershootsontotheaxisoftheLCmoleculeandbecauseofthebirefringen__propertythestraightpolarizerbecomesellipsepolarizer.Byutilizingtheexisten__ofelectricalfieldtocontroltheLCmoleculetostayinbetweentheSTNstructureandverticalorientationSTNcanbedrovefromthepropertyofbirefringen__.GenerallytheyareineitheryelloworbluecoloranditcandisplaywhitecolorwhenspecialphasefilmorcompensatedLCboard.Thisalsoappliestocolordisplay.ComparingwithTNithasawiderviewinganglebutthedisadvantageisslowinresponsespeed.Studbump进行ballbonding时切断bondingwire所形成的bump英Abumpformedbycuttingthewireduringwirebondingpro__ss.Studbumpisoneofthebumpingmethodforflipchipbondingpro__ss.SuperVGA显示器之显像分辨率单位,其横向扫描线数目为600条,纵向画素为800颗,因此画面总画素数目为480000颗英Resolutionunitondisplays.Thereare600horizontalscanlinesand800pixelsvertically.Totalpixelsare
480000.SXGA显示器之显像分辨率单位,其横向扫描线数目为800条,纵向画素为1400颗,因此画面总画素数目为1120000颗英Resolutionunitondisplays.Thereare800horizontalscanlinesand1400pixelsvertically.Totalpixelsare1120000SXGA+显示器之显像分辨率单位,其横向扫描线数目为1020条,纵向画素为1400颗,因此画面总画素数目为1428000颗英Resolutionunitondisplays.Thereare1020horizontalscanlinesand1400pixelsvertically.Totalpixelsare1428000Systemonglass指将整个系统架设于一个液晶面板上有利用玻璃基板上的低温硅晶作成之整体化(monolithic)及利用COG装设作成之混合(hybrid)化,统称为systemonglass英ItreferstosettheentiresystemonaLCDpanel.Itusesthelow-temperaturesiliconwhichformedmonolithicandCOGformedhybridgenerallycalledsystemonglassTTCPTapeCarrierPackage液晶显示器驱动IC之构装方法之一,指驱动IC之bump与Poly-imidetape上之Culead以EutecticBonding方式接合,在以Epoxy封胶保护英ThisisoneoftheconstructionmethodsforLCDtodriveIC.ItmeansCuleadonPoly-imidetapeandbumpondrivingICarebondedthroughEutecticbondingandthensealedwithafilmforprotection.TEGTestElementGroup开始新制程或制程变更前,为了作回路特性评价或制程特性评价而架设在chip上的测试组件群英Thisisatestingcomponentgrouppla__donchipforloopfeatureevaluationorproductionfeatureevaluationbeforeanewproductionorproductionchange.TFT-LCDThinFilmTransistor-LiquidCrystalDisplay指使用薄膜晶体管控制画素开关动作之液晶显示模块因为是逐一直接驱动画素,是为active__trix的方式英Itreferstoacrystaldisplaymodulethatusesmembranetransistortocontrolpixelswitch.Thisisadirectlydrivenpixelwithanactive__trixmethod.ThreelayerACFtape由ACF与2层的剥离纸构成之tape英Atapeof__debyACFand2layersofseparatefilm.TNTwistedNe__tic指使液晶分子做90度扭转使用驱动电压低而且contrast比在100以上、可呈现高画质的TFT上(active方式)英Thisrefers90degreetwistonpixels.ItisusedonhighpicturequalityTFTthroughlow-voltagedriveandcontrastratiohigherthan100activelyTotalpitchaccuracy个别pitch的行或列方向之累计值的精度英AccumulatedaccuracyonindividualpitchrollsorcolumnsTouchpanel将menu显示于CRT或LCD的显示画面上,只要碰触画面即可操作命令的面板切换画面即可翻页,可作对话型操作也利用于workdata之输入上英AboardwithmenushowingontheCRTorLCDexecutableupontouching.Thepagecanbeflippedoroperatedindialogbox.Itisalsousedinworkdatainput.Tran__ittan__Ratio透过型液晶panel上,panel的射入光量与射出光量之比例英Theamountoflightwhichpassesthroughano__ect.Measuredinper__ntages.ThisisthebrightnessmeasurementappliedtoLCDpanels.TwolayerACFtape由ACF及剥离纸构成之tape英Atape__deofACFandseparatefilm.UUXGA显示器之显像分辨率单位,其横向扫描线数目为1400条,纵向画素为1600颗,因此画面总画素数目为2240000颗英Monitorresolutionunitthereare1400horizontalscanlineswithverticalpixelsbeing
1600.Thustotalpicturepixelnumberis2240000VVGAVideoGraphicsArrayIBM个人计算机所采用的画面显示规格英PicturedisplaystandardizationadoptbyIBMPC’sViewingangle视角,液晶显示devi__左右上下contrast大于10的角度范围以TFT来说,上下约50度、左右约100度英Anangleforcontrastratiolargerthan10onhorizontalandverticalsidesofanLCDdisplaydevi__.WithaTFTtheverticalviewingangleshouldbe50degreesand100forhorizontal.Visualinspection检查光罩的pattern缺陷、pattern形状、玻璃表面伤痕╱脏污╱斑点等之总称比较微小的东西系采用自动化检查,检查比较大的东西时则用slitlamp等作斜光照明,采目视检查即可英Ageneralnametoreferinspectionofpatternflawspatternshapesandscratch/filth/__rksonglasssu_____ofphoto-__sks.Auto__ticinspectionsareusedforminuteitemsandslitlampisusedforlargeritemsforsidelightingwithnakedeyeinspection.XXGA显示器之显像分辨率单位,其横向扫描线数目为768条,纵向画素为1024颗,因此画面总画素数目为786432颗英Unitsformonitorresolutions.Thenumberofhorizontalscanninglineis768andverticalpixelis1024thereforethereisatotalof786432pixelsonascreen。